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mountains have a more continental climate, with colder winters and hotter summers. At elevations above 1,000 m (3,281 ft), the climate is alpine with warm summers and very cold winters. At these altitudes, the forests give way to alpine meadows, and there are flat-topped summits, terraced
167:
At one time
Morocco formed a land bridge between Africa and Europe and as a result, the flora is very diverse; it includes about 3,900 species of plant in 981 genera and 155 families. The most important families, together constituting over half of the species richness, are
541:
A migratory route for birds, linking
Western Europe with North Africa, passes across the Strait of Gibraltar and through Morocco. 490 species of bird have been recorded in the country, many of them in passage or winter visitors. A single
363:
Mountains and the semi-arid and arid fringes of the Sahara Desert. Here the plants are adapted for the harsh environment with scrub and bushes growing in a sandy habitat. Species present include
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close off-shore; this gives it wet winters and warm summers. The Rif
Mountains rise to 2,455 m (8,050 ft) and have mountain ridges cut by gorges and valleys and clad with forests of
522:. There are over twenty species of bat, and a dozen species of whales and dolphins. Morocco is rich in reptiles, with over ninety species being recorded here. These include small snakes,
846:
Butynski, T.M.; Cortes, J.; Waters, S.; Fa, J.; Hobbelink, M.E.; van
Lavieren, E.; Belbachir, F.; Cuzin, F.; de Smet, K.; Mouna, M.; de Iongh, H.; Menard, N.; Camperio-Ciani, A. (2008).
1347:
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The coastal plains and lowlands support a
Mediterranean-type community of plants. These areas are heavily cultivated, producing crops of grain, vegetables and fruit.
431:, the only monkey in Africa to be found north of the Sahara. It is found in the forests and more remote parts of the Rif, Middle, and High Atlas, as well as on the
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in extreme
Southern Europe. Their numbers are declining in Morocco as their habitat is reduced by logging, clearing for crops and
144:. The climate here is the Mediterranean with up to 2,000 mm (79 in) of precipitation, hot summers and mild winters. The
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1373:
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to the south and east. To the north and west, Morocco has a long coastline on the
Atlantic Ocean; to the north lies the
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69:, and other small mammals are more plentiful. Four hundred and ninety species of birds have been recorded here.
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101:. It encompasses a wide range of terrain types; there is a coastal plain in the north, and many
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flourish here and there are extensive orchards, and in places, large plantations of non-native
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The central zone with the main ranges of the Atlas
Mountains is covered by cedar forest.
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each contain over 25 endemic species. Other genera with large numbers of endemic taxa are
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41:. The country has a wide range of terrains and climate types and a correspondingly large
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The coastal plain has a
Mediterranean climate but is affected by the upwelling cold
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are increasingly arid. Large mammals are not particularly abundant in
Morocco, but
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554:) occurs here, and there are about 12 globally endangered species; the
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is grown in the valleys. Present in the subalpine grassland zone are
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200:. The most diverse genera, each containing more than 40 species, are
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642:). Other birds with restricted ranges in north Africa include the
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Morocco is a country in northwestern Africa; land borders include
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38:
34:
17:
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1021:
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387:. Oases occur wherever water is found near the surface.
113:
further south. The southern borders are where the Atlas
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Northern bald ibis, Morocco's only endemic bird species
105:
running from east to west across the country, with the
454:, but they are not plentiful. Carnivores include the
775:. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford
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1336:
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359:The southern zone of the country consists of the
427:One of the best-known mammals of Morocco is the
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817:
8:
884:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
871:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T12561A3359140.en
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952:. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 457.
767:
765:
763:
675:
877:
800:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 14–15.
687:. Reed International. pp. 98–99.
249:in the country (some 607 species) are
979:Avibase: Bird Checklists of the World
794:Seward, Pat; Hargraves, Orin (2005).
350:, many endemic species and plentiful
206:, with about 70 species, followed by
153:cliffs, escarpments and deep gorges.
7:
57:. Further south, the borders of the
857:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
740:Ham, Anthony; Hardy, Paula (2007).
714:. Lonely Planet. pp. 428–429.
708:Ham, Anthony; Hardy, Paula (2007).
25:live in the desert areas of Morocco
14:
1348:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1118:Democratic Republic of the Congo
927:. List of countries of the world
442:Other large mammals include the
49:and vegetation while inland the
570:), the northern bald ibis, the
43:diversity of plants and animals
746:. Lonely Planet. p. 412.
1:
825:"Morocco's Fascinating Flora"
109:in the northern half and the
117:merge into the edges of the
536:Mediterranean painted frogs
405:List of reptiles of Morocco
45:. The coastal areas have a
1473:
949:Morocco Footprint Handbook
490:. Smaller mammals include
401:List of mammals in Morocco
394:
253:to Morocco. Of these, the
160:
323:transform the landscape.
1103:Central African Republic
478:; wild cats include the
397:List of birds of Morocco
973:Lepage, Dennis (2016).
946:Honnor, Julius (2012).
644:Levaillant's woodpecker
476:Mediterranean monk seal
464:Saharan striped polecat
743:Morocco. Ediz. Inglese
711:Morocco. Ediz. Inglese
424:
416:
82:
26:
1263:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1123:Republic of the Congo
900:"Morocco's Wild Cats"
656:Phoenicurus moussieri
632:Calidris tenuirostris
624:Numenius tenuirostris
620:slender-billed curlew
576:Neophron percnopterus
568:Puffinus mauretanicus
530:. Amphibians include
422:
412:
245:More than 20% of the
89:in the southwest and
81:Topography of Morocco
80:
47:Mediterranean climate
21:
925:"Animals in Morocco"
864:: e.T12561A3359140.
596:white-backed vulture
592:Necrosyrtes monachus
580:lappet-faced vulture
528:Iberian wall lizards
1457:Wildlife by country
1338:States with limited
1049:Wildlife of Africa
1002:. African Bird Club
652:Moussier's redstart
584:Torgos tracheliotos
564:Balearic shearwater
560:Oxyura leucocephala
524:Moorish wall geckos
95:Strait of Gibraltar
33:is composed of its
773:"Flora of Morocco"
685:Atlas of the World
664:Sylvia deserticola
660:Tristram's warbler
616:Vanellus gregarius
552:Geronticus eremita
548:northern bald ibis
546:bird species, the
496:crested porcupines
425:
417:
384:Pistacia atlantica
83:
27:
1439:
1438:
1365:other territories
1138:Equatorial Guinea
959:978-1-907263-31-6
807:978-0-7614-2051-4
753:978-1-74059-974-0
721:978-1-74059-974-0
683:Philip's (1994).
604:RĂĽppell's vulture
556:white-headed duck
468:Egyptian mongoose
433:Rock of Gibraltar
99:Mediterranean Sea
1464:
1452:Biota of Morocco
1426:
1425:(United Kingdom)
1421:Tristan da Cunha
1417:Ascension Island
1409:
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1056:Sovereign states
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612:sociable lapwing
572:Egyptian vulture
500:ground squirrels
444:Cuvier's gazelle
329:Prunus amygdalus
163:Flora of Morocco
29:The wildlife of
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414:Barbary macaque
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395:Main articles:
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353:Vicia canescens
247:vascular plants
182:Caryophyllaceae
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111:Atlas Mountains
103:mountain ranges
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1288:South Africa
1278:Sierra Leone
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1083:Burkina Faso
1004:. Retrieved
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
968:
948:
941:
929:. Retrieved
919:
907:. Retrieved
903:
894:
880:cite journal
861:
855:
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841:
829:. Retrieved
796:
789:
777:. Retrieved
742:
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684:
678:
663:
655:
647:
639:
636:saker falcon
631:
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532:Berber toads
460:least weasel
441:
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372:Retama retam
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364:
361:Little Atlas
358:
351:
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335:Acantholimon
333:
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281:Rhodanthemum
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178:Brassicaceae
166:
142:Moroccan fir
123:
84:
28:
15:
1340:recognition
1293:South Sudan
1183:Ivory Coast
1006:23 December
984:23 December
931:23 December
904:Morocco.com
831:21 December
779:21 December
437:overgrazing
130:Atlas cedar
1446:Categories
1395:(Portugal)
1353:Somaliland
1273:Seychelles
1238:Mozambique
1223:Mauritania
1208:Madagascar
1163:The Gambia
1098:Cape Verde
670:References
658:) and the
634:) and the
628:great knot
492:cape hares
456:fennec fox
347:Onobrychis
341:Astragalus
321:eucalyptus
297:Astragalus
174:Asteraceae
150:High Atlas
1228:Mauritius
1000:"Morocco"
975:"Morocco"
452:wild boar
303:Bupleurum
270:Centaurea
233:Trifolium
227:Euphorbia
209:Centaurea
194:Liliaceae
190:Lamiaceae
115:foothills
73:Geography
23:Sand cats
1419: /
1415: /
1408:(France)
1402: /
1380: /
1376: /
1328:Zimbabwe
1303:Tanzania
1153:Ethiopia
1148:Eswatini
1128:Djibouti
1093:Cameroon
1078:Botswana
526:and the
488:sand cat
378:Ziziphus
309:Limonium
262:Teucrium
221:Teucrium
186:Fabaceae
170:Apiaceae
138:holm oak
134:cork oak
97:and the
55:forested
1404:RĂ©union
1400:Mayotte
1391:Madeira
1386:(Spain)
1382:Melilla
1313:Tunisia
1283:Somalia
1268:Senegal
1253:Nigeria
1243:Namibia
1233:Morocco
1198:Liberia
1193:Lesotho
1143:Eritrea
1113:Comoros
1088:Burundi
1063:Algeria
909:14 July
797:Morocco
650:), the
626:), the
618:), the
610:), the
602:), the
594:), the
586:), the
578:), the
562:), the
544:endemic
512:jerboas
504:gerbils
484:wildcat
480:caracal
366:Tamarix
286:Linaria
275:Fumaria
251:endemic
239:Linaria
198:Poaceae
91:Algeria
63:rodents
31:Morocco
1423:
1406:
1393:
1323:Zambia
1318:Uganda
1258:Rwanda
1213:Malawi
1173:Guinea
1068:Angola
956:
804:
750:
718:
691:
403:, and
317:Olives
291:Thymus
266:Ononis
258:Silene
255:genera
215:Ononis
203:Silene
146:Middle
140:, and
1378:Ceuta
1298:Sudan
1248:Niger
1203:Libya
1188:Kenya
1168:Ghana
1158:Gabon
1133:Egypt
1073:Benin
508:jirds
391:Fauna
157:Flora
39:fauna
35:flora
1308:Togo
1218:Mali
1108:Chad
1008:2016
986:2016
954:ISBN
933:2016
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