225:, Director of the Physikalische Institut (Physics Institute) at Heidelberg, had a dictatorial attitude towards his students and colleagues, and Hanle had a conflict with Lenard. Hanle transferred to Göttingen. In 1923, Hanle conducted an experiment which demonstrated the variation of polarization of the resonance fluorescent light from a mercury vapor in a weak magnetic field; this became known as the "Hanle effect". He received his doctorate at Göttingen in 1924, under
33:
1055:
The
Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 6. The Completion of Quantum Mechanics 1926–1941. Part 2. The Conceptual Completion and Extension of Quantum Mechanics 1932–1941. Epilogue: Aspects of the Further Development of Quantum Theory
1183:
983:. The paper is dated 16 January 1939. Meitner is identified as being at the Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Frisch is identified as being at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen.
365:(RKM, Reich Ministry of War) to alert them to the potential of military applications of nuclear chain reactions. Two days earlier, on 22 April 1939, after hearing a colloquium paper by Hanle on the use of
436:
was invited, but he did not attend. After this, informal work began at Göttingen by Joos, Hanle, and their colleague
Reinhold Mannfopff; the group of physicists was known informally as the first
597:. Reports in this publication were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied
287:
1022:
Hentschel and
Hentschel, 1996, 363–364 and Appendix F; see the entries for Esau, Harteck and Joos. See also the entry from the KWIP in Appendix A and the entry for the HWA in Appendix B.
1067:
Hentschel and
Hentschel, 1996, 363–364 and Appendix F; see the entries for Diebner and Döpel. See also the entry for the KWIP in Appendix A and the entry for the HWA in Appendix B.
1193:
1188:
1168:
1178:
1158:
1198:
602:
282:
was professor of theoretical physics, but in 1935, he made a compulsory transfer to head the Second
Physical Institute at Göttingen to replace
1173:
459:
was formed on 1 September 1939, the day World War II began, and it had its first meeting on 16 September 1939. The meeting was organized by
583:
523:, was placed under HWA authority, with Diebner as the administrative director, and the military control of the nuclear research commenced.
400:(RFR, Reich Research Council) at the REM. On 29 April, a group, organized by Esau, met at the REM to discuss the potential of a sustained
776:
1163:
766:
724:
201:
status in 1969, he was an ordinarius professor of experimental physics and held the chair of physics at the
University of Giessen.
516:
508:
249:
162:
125:
610:
593:
452:
291:
194:
390:(REM, Reich Ministry of Education), of potential military applications of nuclear energy. The communication was given to
572:
1987 – Honorary
Senator of the University of Giessen for his work in reconstruction of the university after World War II
484:
425:
265:
606:
386:
929:Ăśber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle
218:
154:
605:
for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to
Germany. The reports are available at the
243:
158:
60:
933:
On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons
214:
1001:
307:
294:, shortly after Hanle went to Göttingen. From 1937 to 1941, Hanle was again at the University of Göttingen.
1106:
753:
Wilhelm Hanle (1901–1993), Physiker, Nazi-Forscher, Ehrensenator der JLU Gießen. In: www.bruno-w-reimann.de
547:
401:
731:
Werner
Heisenberg and the German Uranium Project / Otto Hahn and the Declarations of Mainau and Göttingen
553:
350:
170:
109:
857:
From
Roentgen to Ioffe, from Giessen to Saint Petersburg – Relations Between Russian and German Physics
1153:
1148:
444:. The group's work was discontinued in August 1939, when the three were called to military training.
193:. During World War II, he made contributions to the German nuclear energy project, also known as the
539:
468:
396:
336:
271:
166:
980:
557:. Hanle made significant contributions to the rebuilding of the university after World War II.
1051:
762:
720:
504:
864:
417:
302:
952:
598:
520:
377:
369:
340:
328:
840:
500:
409:
488:
222:
1142:
1047:
496:
492:
464:
421:
405:
358:
64:
734:
715:
Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator)
551:(ordinarius professor) of experimental physics and held the chair of physics at the
480:
460:
391:
346:
324:
283:
259:
254:
226:
190:
121:
807:
Heinrich Hertz and Philipp Lenard: Two Distinguished Physicists, Two Disparate Men
357:(HWA, Army Ordnance Office). On 24 April 1939, along with his teaching assistant
241:
Hanle was a teaching assistant at the University of Göttingen in 1924 and at the
472:
433:
413:
939:
Volume 27, Number 1, 11–15 (1939). The authors were identified as being at the
867:) Institutional citation: Physics Institute, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen.
918:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entries for Hanle and Joos.
429:
381:
279:
994:
Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment
476:
298:
451:
began after the HWA squeezed out the RFR of the REM and started the formal
186:
32:
530:
under the auspices of the HWA with experimental studies which showed that
290:
in 1933. Hanle and Joos would soon be part of the impetus to initiate the
320:
210:
56:
535:
366:
316:
144:
90:
82:
705:. (I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 1989)
569:
1970 – Honorary Doctor of Engineering from the University of Stuttgart
269:(extraordinarius professor) and head of the physics department at the
973:
Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction
773:
Oral history interview with Wilhelm Hanle, 1979 May 23 May to 2 June.
694:
Werner Heisenberg, Robert Döpel, Wilhelm Hanle, and Käthe Mitzenheim
332:
312:
515:(KWIP, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, after World War II the
896:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Hanle.
759:
German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949
1184:
Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
689:
Isotopentechnik. Anwendung von Radionukliden und stabilen Nukliden
682:
Isotopentechnik. Anwendung von Radionukliden und stabilen Nukliden
531:
86:
733:, Preprint 203 (Max-Planck Institut fĂĽr Wissenschaftsgeschichte,
463:, advisor to the HWA, and held in Berlin. The invitees included
1097:
1095:
717:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
1119:
Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for
1033:
Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany
343:. Frisch confirmed this experimentally on 13 January 1939.
189:) was a German experimental physicist. He is known for the
1043:
1041:
495:. A second meeting was held soon thereafter and included
349:
was director of the physical chemistry department at the
288:
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
654:
Atomwaffen, Anwendung, Wirkungsweise, Schutzmassnahmen
263:(unpaid lecturer) there in 1927. From 1929, he was an
673:
Wilhelm Hanle, Martin Oberhofer, and Wolfgang Jacobi
323:; simultaneously, they communicated these results to
661:
Praktische DurchfĂĽhrung von Abschirmungsberechnungen
384:, along with Hanle, notified Wilhelm Dames, at the
150:
140:
117:
105:
97:
71:
42:
23:
659:Karl Lindackers, Wilhelm Hanle, and Max Pllermann
892:
890:
675:Strahlenschutzpraxis. T. 3. Umgang mit Strahlern
851:
849:
633:Die Erde im Strahlungsfeld von Sonne und Kosmos
339:, correctly interpreted these results as being
253:from 1926 to 1929, and, upon completion of his
1087:Ăśber den Nachweis von Bor und Cadmium in Kohle
813:Volume 1, Number 4, 345–366, December, (1999).
619:Ăśber den Nachweis von Bor und Cadmium in Kohle
565:Hanle received a number of honors, including:
8:
907:Voluntary Resignation of Prof. James Franck
1194:Academic staff of the University of Giessen
943:, Berlin-Dahlem. Received 22 December 1938.
1102:I. Physikalisches Institut der JLU Giessen
835:R. Van Dyck, J. Stoltenberg and D. Pengra
250:Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
20:
591:), an internal publication of the German
1189:Academic staff of the University of Jena
909:in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1966, 26–31.
311:reporting they had detected the element
789:
696:Werner Heisenberg in Leipzig 1927–1942.
327:, who had in July of that year fled to
213:. From 1919 to 1924, he studied at the
1004:. The paper is dated 17 January 1939.
603:United States Atomic Energy Commission
297:In December 1938, the German chemists
286:, who had resigned as a result of the
962:Volume 58, Number 3, 263- 267 (1990).
771:Winnewisser, Brenda P., interviewer.
404:. The group included the physicists
394:, head of the physics section of the
215:Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
7:
1169:People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
1121:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
1107:Geschichte des Lehrstuhls fĂĽr Physik
584:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
455:under military auspices. The second
1000:, Volume 143, Number 3616, 276–276
979:, Volume 143, Number 3615, 239–240
589:Research Reports in Nuclear Physics
272:Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
244:Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
956:Lise Meitner's Escape from Germany
941:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fĂĽr Chemie
884:Volume 39, Number 1, 41–43 (1971).
742:Wilhelm Hanle on his 90th birthday
513:Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut fĂĽr Physik
442:Arbeitsgemeinschaft fĂĽr Kernphysik
219:Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
185:(13 January 1901 – 29 April 1993,
14:
680:Wilhelm Hanle and Max Pollermann
607:Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center
1013:Kant, 2002, Reference 8 on p. 3.
746:Journal Zeitschrift fĂĽr Physik D
652:Ulrich Jetter and Wilhelm Hanle
554:Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen
545:From 1941 to 1969, Hanle was an
517:Max Planck Institute for Physics
361:, Harteck made contact with the
31:
1159:Nuclear program of Nazi Germany
826:Volume 30, Number 1, 93 (1924).
775:American Institute of Physics (
748:Volume 18, Number 1, 1–2 (1991)
684:(Hanser, Carl GmbH + Co., 1976)
663:(Hanser, Carl GmbH + Co., 1962)
581:The following was published in
440:(Uranium Club) and formally as
1199:20th-century German physicists
1179:University of Göttingen alumni
971:Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch
863:Volume 41, Number 5, 818–821 (
839:The University of Washington (
163:University of Halle-Wittenberg
127:Deutschen Atomwaffen programme
1:
611:American Institute of Physics
509:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
453:German nuclear energy project
292:German nuclear energy project
233:(Second Physical Institute).
1174:Heidelberg University alumni
691:(K. Thiemig, Muenchen, 1982)
266:ausserordentlicher Professor
16:German physicist (1901–1993)
1058:(Springer, 2001) 1010–1011.
960:American Journal of Physics
387:Reichserziehungsministerium
231:II. Physikalisches Institut
1215:
927:O. Hahn and F. Strassmann
335:. Meitner, and her nephew
878:James Franck at Göttingen
698:(Wiley-VCH Weinheim 1993)
647:Künstliche Radioaktivität
538:were strong absorbers of
526:Hanle contributed to the
511:. Also at this time, the
229:, who as Director of the
176:
133:
30:
1164:Scientists from Mannheim
1076:Macrakis, 1993, 164–169.
376:(uranium machine, i.e.,
1035:(Oxford, 1993) 164–169.
363:Reichskriegsministerium
247:in 1925. He was at the
155:University of Göttingen
1132:Walker, 1993, 268–274.
811:Physics in Perspective
649:(Piscator-Verl., 1952)
548:ordentlicher Professor
402:nuclear chain reaction
353:and an advisor to the
159:University of TĂĽbingen
113:University of Göttinge
37:Wilhem Hanle (1901–93)
1089:G-85 (18 April 1941).
351:University of Hamburg
305:sent a manuscript to
171:University of Giessen
110:Heidelberg University
861:Fizika Tverdogo Tela
656:(Physik-Verl., 1952)
621:G-85 (18 April 1941)
937:Naturwissenschaften
805:Joseph F. Mulligan
719:(Birkhäuser, 1996)
397:Reichsforschungsrat
308:Naturwissenschaften
1031:Macrakis, Kristie
1002:(18 February 1939)
981:(11 February 1939)
796:Winnewisser, 1979.
761:(Cambridge, 1993)
751:Reimann, Bruno W.
424:), Wilhelm Hanle,
420:(probably sent by
337:Otto Robert Frisch
209:Hanle was born in
197:. From 1941 until
167:University of Jena
1052:Helmut Rechenberg
505:Werner Heisenberg
331:and then went to
315:after bombarding
180:
179:
135:Scientific career
1206:
1133:
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1117:
1111:
1099:
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1065:
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990:
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919:
916:
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903:
897:
894:
885:
874:
868:
853:
844:
837:The Hanle Effect
833:
827:
820:
814:
803:
797:
794:
601:and sent to the
540:thermal neutrons
485:Gerhard Hoffmann
469:Siegfried FlĂĽgge
426:Gerhard Hoffmann
418:Wolfgang Gentner
303:Fritz Strassmann
78:
52:
50:
35:
21:
1214:
1213:
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1039:
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1021:
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970:
966:
953:Ruth Lewin Sime
951:
947:
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922:
917:
913:
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900:
895:
888:
875:
871:
854:
847:
834:
830:
821:
817:
804:
800:
795:
791:
786:
712:
701:Wilhelm Hanle,
677:(Thiemig, 1968)
670:(Thiemig, 1964)
668:Isotopentechnik
642:(Schmitz, 1949)
635:(Schmitz, 1948)
628:
599:Operation Alsos
579:
577:Internal Report
563:
378:nuclear reactor
355:Heereswaffenamt
341:nuclear fission
329:The Netherlands
239:
207:
169:
165:
161:
157:
124:
112:
106:Alma mater
93:
80:
76:
67:
54:
48:
46:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1212:
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1156:
1151:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1112:
1091:
1085:Wilhelm Hanle
1078:
1069:
1060:
1037:
1024:
1015:
1006:
985:
964:
945:
920:
911:
898:
886:
869:
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828:
815:
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769:
755:
749:
738:
727:
711:
708:
707:
706:
699:
692:
687:Wilhelm Hanle
685:
678:
671:
666:Wilhelm Hanle
664:
657:
650:
645:Wilhelm Hanle
643:
638:Wilhelm Hanle
636:
631:Wilhelm Hanle
627:
624:
623:
622:
617:Wilhelm Hanle
578:
575:
574:
573:
570:
562:
559:
489:Josef Mattauch
257:, he became a
238:
235:
223:Philipp Lenard
206:
203:
178:
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119:
118:Known for
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95:
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81:
79:(aged 92)
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55:
53:3 January 1901
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1049:
1048:Jagdish Mehra
1044:
1042:
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1034:
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1025:
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992:O. R. Frisch
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876:O. Oldenberg
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855:A. Scharmann
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767:0-521-43804-7
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757:Walker, Mark
756:
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747:
743:
740:Mokler, Paul
739:
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732:
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725:0-8176-5312-0
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521:Berlin-Dahlem
518:
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498:
497:Klaus Clusius
494:
493:Georg Stetter
490:
486:
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478:
474:
470:
466:
465:Walther Bothe
462:
458:
454:
450:
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443:
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431:
427:
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422:Walther Bothe
419:
415:
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406:Walther Bothe
403:
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359:Wilhelm Groth
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183:Wilhelm Hanle
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75:29 April 1993
74:
70:
66:
65:German Empire
62:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Wilhelm Hanle
22:
19:
1128:
1120:
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936:
932:
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914:
906:
901:
882:Am. J. Phys.
881:
877:
872:
860:
856:
836:
831:
823:
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806:
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792:
772:
758:
752:
745:
741:
730:
729:Kant, Horst
716:
710:Bibliography
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
618:
592:
588:
582:
580:
564:
552:
546:
544:
527:
525:
512:
501:Robert Döpel
481:Paul Harteck
461:Kurt Diebner
456:
448:
446:
441:
437:
410:Robert Döpel
395:
392:Abraham Esau
385:
374:Uranmaschine
373:
362:
354:
347:Paul Harteck
345:
325:Lise Meitner
306:
296:
284:James Franck
277:
270:
264:
260:Privatdozent
258:
255:Habilitation
248:
242:
240:
230:
227:James Franck
208:
198:
195:Uranium Club
191:Hanle effect
182:
181:
151:Institutions
134:
126:
122:Hanle effect
77:(1993-04-29)
18:
1154:1993 deaths
1149:1901 births
905:Document 9
640:Atomenergie
473:Hans Geiger
447:The second
434:Peter Debye
414:Hans Geiger
98:Citizenship
61:WĂĽrttemberg
1143:Categories
1056:1942–1999.
594:Uranverein
528:Uranverein
457:Uranverein
449:Uranverein
438:Uranverein
430:Georg Joos
382:Georg Joos
280:Georg Joos
49:1901-01-03
824:Z. Physik
822:W. Hanle
477:Otto Hahn
299:Otto Hahn
278:At Jena,
205:Education
703:Memoiren
609:and the
321:neutrons
217:and the
211:Mannheim
199:emeritus
57:Mannheim
536:cadmium
370:fission
367:uranium
317:uranium
145:Physics
101:Germany
91:Germany
83:Giessen
998:Nature
977:Nature
765:
723:
561:Honors
519:), in
507:, and
491:, and
428:, and
333:Sweden
313:barium
237:Career
187:GieĂźen
141:Fields
784:Notes
626:Books
532:boron
372:in a
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87:Hesse
1050:and
865:1999
841:2006
777:1979
763:ISBN
735:2002
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534:and
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