297:
104:
409:
348:
most likely compose of 10 segments, each expressed by a tergite that bore a median dorsal spine and a pair of tergopleurae (lateral extensions). The opisthosoma subdivided into a wider, most likely 7-segmented preabdomen and a narrower, 3-segmented postabdomen. tergite of the first opisthosomal
349:
segment is reduced in length while the remaining segments possess well-developed tergites with lateral nodes and posteriorly curved tergopleurae. The final segment terminated with a short, teardrop-shaped
1150:
1211:
1216:
776:"On the Emsian (Lower Devonian) arthropods of the Rhenish Slate Mountains: 5. Rare and poorly known eurypterids from Willwerath, Germany"
1201:
976:"Horseshoe crab phylogeny and independent colonizations of fresh water: ecological invasion as a driver for morphological innovation"
913:"A new Ordovician arthropod from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa (USA) reveals the ground plan of eurypterids and chasmataspidids"
296:
709:
Zong, Ruiwen; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Liu, Bingcai; Wang, Yi; Yin, Jiayi; Ma, Juan; Xu, Honghe (2023). Cherns, Lesley (ed.).
332:
covered by a vaulted carapace with pointed genal spines, recurved (M-shaped) ophthalmic ridges and pairs of dorsal nodes.
864:"An unusual euchelicerate linking horseshoe crabs and eurypterids, from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of Yunnan, China"
1206:
760:
1196:
281:
472:(true horseshoe crab) by Lamsdell 2013, but further phylogenetic analysis repeatedly resolving it within a
1118:
344:
materials, making it difficult to reveal the original number of opisthosomal segments. The opisthosoma of
1163:
924:
911:
Lamsdell, James C.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Liu, Huaibao P.; Witzke, Brian J.; McKay, Robert M. (2015).
818:
266:
103:
1191:
1099:
1005:
956:
893:
844:
598:
567:"On the Emsian (Lower Devonian) arthropods of the Rhenish Slate Mountains: 2. The synziphosurine
119:
1168:
1091:
1050:
997:
948:
940:
885:
836:
730:
688:
646:
590:
1081:
1070:"Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura"
1040:
987:
932:
875:
826:
787:
722:
680:
636:
625:"Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura"
582:
436:
273:
749:
277:
928:
822:
710:
522:
489:
481:
439:
428:
413:
313:
305:
237:
229:
1185:
1086:
975:
912:
848:
641:
624:
602:
566:
396:
368:. The marked articulation surfaces on each of the preabdominal segments suggest that
61:
1103:
1009:
897:
1069:
960:
502:
463:
455:
233:
1141:
807:"Pictorial Atlas of Fossil and Extant Horseshoe Crabs, With Focus on Xiphosurida"
450:
444:
374:
337:
244:
155:
36:
1045:
1024:
684:
936:
485:
424:
391:
142:
81:
46:
1095:
1054:
1001:
944:
889:
840:
831:
806:
734:
692:
669:"A chasmataspidid affinity for the putative xiphosuran Kiaeria Størmer, 1934"
668:
650:
594:
320:
is unusually large and so far the largest known synziphosurine, with largest
518:
477:
466:
408:
383:
248:
225:
168:
86:
952:
1135:
515:
497:
493:
365:
321:
270:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1155:
992:
791:
586:
387:
333:
325:
285:
256:
91:
66:
1023:
Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Lustri, Lorenzo; Brougham, Tom (2019-12-01).
880:
726:
1029:(Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Devonian of Pennsylvania, USA"
775:
427:(sea scorpion), with additional fossils described in 1998 reveal its
350:
341:
241:
130:
1112:
863:
565:
Anderson, Lyall I.; Poschmann, Markus; Brauckmann, Carsten (1998).
473:
295:
221:
1116:
431:
affinities. In the redescription done by
Anderson et al. 1998,
526:, while it does not bear resemblance to other chelicerates.
247:
arthropods, while some studies compare its morphology to an
750:"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives"
862:
Selden, Paul A.; Lamsdell, James C.; Qi, Liu (2015).
340:
are either incomplete or disarticulated in available
711:"Silurian freshwater arthropod from northwest China"
1125:
774:Poschmann, Markus; Tetlie, O. Erik (2006-12-01).
805:Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Pates, Stephen (2020).
748:Dunlop, J. A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2020).
454:, a classification which is not supported by
372:capable to enroll itself in a way similar to
8:
1113:
435:had been grouped under the synziphosurine
102:
20:
1085:
1074:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1044:
991:
879:
830:
640:
629:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
510:. However, in 2020, Lamsdell found that
407:
390:one, and other animals like the largest
534:
560:
558:
400:, are known from the same formation.
200:
7:
704:
702:
662:
660:
618:
616:
614:
612:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
514:bears a strong resemblance to the
364:was most likely a bottom-dwelling
14:
1068:Lamsdell, James C. (2013-01-01).
667:Lamsdell, James C. (2020-09-01).
623:Lamsdell, James C. (2013-01-01).
506:is sometimes compared to that of
1087:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00874.x
642:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00874.x
423:was originally thought to be an
228:. It is sometimes classified as
324:measured about 90mm in width.
1:
1212:Fossil taxa described in 1969
1217:Prehistoric arthropod genera
780:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
575:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
462:was regarded as part of the
974:Lamsdell, James C. (2016).
761:Natural History Museum Bern
378:. The environment in which
16:Genus of Devonian arthropod
1233:
1202:Devonian animals of Europe
1046:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.08.002
811:Frontiers in Earth Science
685:10.1007/s12542-019-00493-8
937:10.1007/s00114-015-1312-5
199:
194:
120:Scientific classification
118:
110:
101:
23:
832:10.3389/feart.2020.00098
715:Papers in Palaeontology
382:lived in was likely an
282:Rhenish Slate Mountains
1033:Comptes Rendus Palevol
417:
309:
1164:Paleobiology Database
917:The Science of Nature
411:
299:
262:Willwerathia laticeps
203:Willwerathia laticeps
113:Willwerathia laticeps
1027:"Bellinurus" carteri
757:World Spider Catalog
929:2015SciNa.102...63L
823:2020FrEaS...8...98B
500:-Devonian arthropd
300:Size comparison of
1207:Fossils of Germany
993:10.1111/pala.12220
792:10.1007/BF02990208
587:10.1007/BF02988363
492:, eurypterids and
418:
310:
255:known only by one
111:Reconstruction of
1179:
1178:
1119:Taxon identifiers
881:10.1111/zsc.12124
868:Zoologica Scripta
763:. pp. 1–296.
727:10.1002/spp2.1488
496:). Morphology of
213:
212:
207:
189:
1224:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1089:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1020:
1014:
1013:
995:
971:
965:
964:
908:
902:
901:
883:
859:
853:
852:
834:
802:
796:
795:
771:
765:
764:
754:
745:
739:
738:
706:
697:
696:
664:
655:
654:
644:
620:
607:
606:
581:(3–4): 325–336.
562:
265:, discovered in
206:(Størmer, 1936a)
205:
187:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1121:
1111:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1022:
1021:
1017:
973:
972:
968:
910:
909:
905:
861:
860:
856:
804:
803:
799:
773:
772:
768:
752:
747:
746:
742:
708:
707:
700:
666:
665:
658:
622:
621:
610:
564:
563:
536:
532:
490:chasmataspidids
406:
359:
306:synziphosurines
294:
278:Klerf Formation
190:
186:
171:
158:
145:
133:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Synziphosurina
1194:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1060:
1039:(8): 967–976.
1015:
986:(2): 181–194.
966:
903:
874:(6): 645–652.
854:
797:
786:(4): 325–343.
766:
740:
698:
679:(3): 449–453.
656:
608:
533:
531:
528:
523:Falcatamacaris
440:Weinberginidae
429:synziphosurine
414:Falcatamacaris
405:
404:Classification
402:
358:
355:
314:synziphosurine
304:(A) and other
293:
290:
238:horseshoe crab
230:synziphosurine
211:
210:
209:
208:
197:
196:
192:
191:
179:
177:
173:
172:
166:
164:
160:
159:
153:
151:
147:
146:
141:
139:
135:
134:
129:
127:
123:
122:
116:
115:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
32:Lower Devonian
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1229:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1025:"Revision of
1019:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
989:
985:
981:
980:Palaeontology
977:
970:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
801:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
767:
762:
758:
751:
744:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
705:
703:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
663:
661:
657:
652:
648:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
619:
617:
615:
613:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
570:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
535:
529:
527:
525:
524:
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:Pseudoniscids
479:
475:
471:
470:sensu stricto
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
416:
415:
410:
403:
401:
399:
398:
397:Jaekelopterus
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
363:
356:
354:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
307:
303:
298:
291:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:
204:
201:
198:
193:
188:Størmer, 1969
185:
184:
178:
175:
174:
170:
165:
162:
161:
157:
152:
149:
148:
144:
140:
137:
136:
132:
128:
125:
124:
121:
117:
114:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1127:Willwerathia
1126:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1018:
983:
979:
969:
923:(9–10): 63.
920:
916:
906:
871:
867:
857:
814:
810:
800:
783:
779:
769:
756:
743:
721:(2): e1488.
718:
714:
676:
672:
632:
628:
578:
574:
569:Willwerathia
568:
521:
512:Willwerathia
511:
508:Willwerathia
507:
503:Maldybulakia
501:
469:
464:monophyletic
460:Willwerathia
459:
456:phylogenetic
449:
443:
433:Willwerathia
432:
421:Willwerathia
420:
419:
412:
395:
379:
373:
370:Willwerathia
369:
362:Willwerathia
361:
360:
357:Paleoecology
346:Willwerathia
345:
330:Willwerathia
329:
318:Willwerathia
317:
311:
302:Willwerathia
301:
261:
260:
253:Willwerathia
252:
234:paraphyletic
224:of Devonian
217:Willwerathia
216:
215:
214:
202:
183:Willwerathia
182:
181:
112:
25:Willwerathia
24:
18:
1080:(1): 1–27.
635:(1): 1–27.
486:Dekatriatan
476:compose of
451:Legrandella
445:Weinbergina
380:Wilwerathia
375:Legrandella
338:opisthosoma
245:chelicerate
156:Chelicerata
150:Subphylum:
1186:Categories
530:References
458:analysis.
442:alongside
425:eurypterid
392:eurypterid
292:Morphology
143:Arthropoda
1192:Xiphosura
1142:Q99774735
1096:0024-4082
1055:1631-0683
1002:1475-4983
945:0028-1042
890:0300-3256
849:220405124
841:2296-6463
735:2056-2799
693:1867-6812
651:0024-4082
603:128464147
595:0031-0220
494:arachnids
467:Xiphosura
384:estuarine
280:, in the
276:from the
236:group of
226:arthropod
169:Xiphosura
126:Kingdom:
1136:Wikidata
1104:82434358
1010:85553811
953:26391849
898:55264483
519:artiopod
516:Cambrian
498:Silurian
478:Bunodids
366:predator
334:Tergites
322:carapace
271:Devonian
267:deposits
249:artiopod
195:Species
138:Phylum:
131:Animalia
1156:4650080
961:8153035
925:Bibcode
819:Bibcode
388:deltaic
336:of the
326:Prosoma
286:Germany
269:of the
257:species
176:Genus:
163:Order:
1102:
1094:
1053:
1008:
1000:
959:
951:
943:
896:
888:
847:
839:
817:: 98.
733:
691:
649:
601:
593:
437:family
351:telson
342:fossil
274:period
242:fossil
240:-like
1169:19007
1100:S2CID
1006:S2CID
957:S2CID
894:S2CID
845:S2CID
753:(PDF)
599:S2CID
474:clade
312:As a
222:genus
220:is a
1151:GBIF
1092:ISSN
1051:ISSN
998:ISSN
949:PMID
941:ISSN
886:ISSN
837:ISSN
731:ISSN
689:ISSN
673:PalZ
647:ISSN
591:ISSN
484:and
448:and
232:, a
37:Preęž’
1082:doi
1078:167
1041:doi
988:doi
933:doi
921:102
876:doi
827:doi
788:doi
723:doi
681:doi
637:doi
633:167
583:doi
386:to
328:of
284:of
1188::
1166::
1153::
1138::
1098:.
1090:.
1076:.
1072:.
1049:.
1037:18
1035:.
1031:.
1004:.
996:.
984:59
982:.
978:.
955:.
947:.
939:.
931:.
919:.
915:.
892:.
884:.
872:44
870:.
866:.
843:.
835:.
825:.
813:.
809:.
784:80
782:.
778:.
759:.
755:.
729:.
717:.
713:.
701:^
687:.
677:94
675:.
671:.
659:^
645:.
631:.
627:.
611:^
597:.
589:.
579:72
577:.
573:.
537:^
480:,
394:,
353:.
316:,
288:.
259:,
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87:Pg
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1084::
1057:.
1043::
1012:.
990::
963:.
935::
927::
900:.
878::
851:.
829::
821::
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790::
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683::
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585::
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488:(
308:.
180:â€
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