347:
recalled that "Curses, guns and knives were bandied for 15 minutes." Eventually however Young was able to reassert control and the party continued to drive the cattle north. Finally in
October they returned to the non-indigenous settlements of the Willamette Valley. They had arrived with approximately 630 head of cattle and 15 horses left from what was purchased in California. Some of these animals were lost by natural causes, some were killed by natives, at least one was killed by the group for feed, and others simply wandered off. The remaining animals were then divided amongst the investors with a value of $ 8.50 per head, with Young receiving the largest allotment of 135. Expenses of the group that traveled to California totaled $ 42.75, with 200 cattle lost on the trip.
830:
278:
100:
346:
The murder of the native man angered Young and raised tensions in an area that still had sizable populations of Native
Americans. The following day matters only became more heated among the settlers. Gay, Bailey, Carmichael and Turner became aggressive and refused to follow orders from Young. Edwards
333:
natives, who courteously greeted the cattle drivers. A Shasta boy about the age of ten accompanied the cattle company for the day. Some of the men began to discuss killing natives of the area. William Bailey and George Gay murdered a native man and also attempted to kill the boy but he escaped. This
167:
in
January. A common topic Slacum had with French-Canadian and American settlers residing in the Willamette Valley was about livestock. Finding the Willamette settlers in the supposed "thraldom of the Hudson Bay Company", Slacum proposed that cattle from
360:
after his death in 1841 to deal with his heirless estate. However, even with over 600 cattle among the approximately 500 Europeans in the valley, there was still more demand for cattle. In time the settlers would come up with a novel enterprise with the
208:. The cattle would then be driven overland north to the Willamette Valley. Once there, they would distributed on an amount proportional to the amount invested by each subscriber. The company would pay $ 1 a day for expenses of those journeying to
355:
The procurement of cattle began to help break the dependence of the settlers on the cattle of the Hudson's Bay
Company. Young's role made him the wealthiest of the settlers, which would lend a part in the attempt to form a
342:
directly to the north. The distinctions between the Shasta and
Takelma weren't recognized by the outsider Willamette settlers. Edwards himself noted that the men Gay and Bailey had fought "may have been of another tribe."
309:. At the provincial capital Young received permission to buy cattle from Alvarado. This agreement had the stipulation that the bovine had to come from government owned herds. Young then returned north and met the group in
216:
as treasurer. In his report to the United States, Slacum "omitted a graceful and generous recognition of the aid given the Cattle
Company by Dr. McLoughlin," as McLoughlin purchased half of all available shares.
158:
to visit and detail "the different settlements of whites... and also at the various Indian villages" in the Oregon
Country and in the Columbia River basin. John McLoughlin welcomed the naval official and informed
320:
after a minor delay. A stockpile of gunpowder became wet which required a small group of men to return to San
Francisco to purchase more. They passed through the valley during the hot summer and crossed over the
122:
had for sometime a general arrangement with the
Willamette settlers and missionaries for access to livestock. They were loaned out in pairs to farmers, never sold, and all calves born were then HBC property. The
131:, no settler was charged for any cattle that died. The growing herds of cattle tended outside Fort Vancouver numbered only 27 in total in 1825, though by 1837 Slacum estimated their number closer to a thousand.
313:
on May 12, 1890. The
Willamette Cattle Company then purchased 746 head of cattle at $ 3 per head, held at two different locations. The group also purchased 40 horses at $ 12 each.
212:
held California, in addition $ 20 per month in wages, in the form of cattle.. Ewing Young was selected as the leader of the company and in charge of going to California with
716:
1368:
1363:
316:
In June the enterprise had procured enough cattle and started driving them north back to the Willamette Valley. On July 27 the group began traveling through the
829:
1353:
1017:
523:
504:
482:
463:
444:
425:
406:
747:
709:
1307:
896:
819:
152:
148:
1289:
702:
1198:
1113:
762:
261:
1276:
849:
1058:
99:
1254:
1173:
987:
185:
124:
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and purchase as many head of cattle as they could. The articles of incorporation were signed on January 13, 1837 at
1358:
1348:
1283:
1262:
1178:
752:
306:
265:
127:
was in 1834 given "seven oxen, one bull and eight cows with their calves" by McLoughlin. Despite later claims by
1343:
1312:
1022:
879:
767:
757:
112:
1322:
1317:
1133:
1007:
864:
809:
638:
362:
302:
277:
231:
181:
160:
155:
285:
On January 22, 1837, the overland party of eleven men and three Native American boys set sail aboard the
253:
1268:
1233:
1083:
1073:
967:
660:
California in 1837. Diary of Col. Philip L. Edwards Containing An Account of a Trip to the Pacific Coast
243:
1053:
737:
310:
257:
213:
196:
pioneers agreed to create the joint-stock company in January 1837. A group of men would sail on the
1203:
992:
814:
782:
1148:
1138:
1002:
906:
742:
684:
322:
134:
239:
1299:
1213:
1208:
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1063:
977:
859:
357:
317:
249:
235:
138:
72:
36:
1228:
1038:
1012:
997:
942:
891:
869:
794:
788:
294:
205:
164:
1188:
1168:
1153:
1128:
1043:
937:
927:
227:
201:
189:
169:
128:
119:
84:
694:
650:
Men of Champoeg: A Record of the Lives of the Pioneers Who Founded the Oregon Government
91:
led the overland party as they drove these animals north back to the Willamette Valley.
1223:
1123:
1068:
972:
962:
947:
922:
885:
844:
772:
301:
in March. However permission to purchase any cattle had to come directly from Governor
116:
1337:
1193:
1093:
1078:
804:
777:
330:
298:
290:
193:
143:
80:
40:
1218:
1118:
1098:
952:
799:
339:
326:
658:
1238:
1183:
1163:
1158:
1143:
1103:
1048:
982:
957:
932:
88:
58:
675:
Slacum, William A.; Forsyth, John (1912), "Slacum's Report on Oregon, 1836-7",
874:
901:
640:
Transactions of the Eighth Annual Re-Union of the Oregon Pioneer Association
325:
of northern California and southern Oregon. On September 14 they forded the
83:. The company was formed with the express purpose of purchasing cattle in
688:
335:
209:
108:
76:
334:
violence was committed as they had previously skirmished with some
87:. Nearly 750 head of cattle and 40 horses were purchased in total.
276:
98:
698:
107:
Prior to the activities of the Willamette Cattle Company, all
248:
Investors and participants of the cattle drive: Ewing Young,
683:(2), Portland, OR: The Oregon Historical Society: 175–224,
583:
581:
494:
492:
16:
19th-century cattle ranching company in the Oregon Country
172:
be procured to end the local cattle monopoly of the HBC.
151:
on 22 December 1836. Slacum had been given orders by the
384:
382:
380:
378:
180:
A variety of settlers, including missionaries such as
1298:
1247:
1031:
915:
837:
730:
54:
46:
32:
24:
677:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
710:
8:
19:
717:
703:
695:
462:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrosnan1933 (
18:
522:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSlacum1912 (
503:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSlacum1912 (
481:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSlacum1912 (
443:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSlacum1912 (
424:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSlacum1912 (
405:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSlacum1912 (
365:episode in 1840-1843 to get more cattle.
388:
599:
587:
572:
560:
548:
536:
457:
374:
517:
498:
476:
438:
419:
400:
71:was formed in 1837 by pioneers in the
1369:1837 establishments in Oregon Country
1364:Cattle companies of the United States
725:Pioneer history of Oregon (1806–1890)
611:
7:
632:, Hillsboro, OR: Binfords & Mort
652:, Hillsboro, OR: Metropolitan Press
50:Wallamet or Willamet Cattle Company
163:of his arrival, who met Slacum at
14:
828:
763:Oregon & California Railroad
153:United States Secretary of State
111:in the region were owned by the
1354:Pre-statehood history of Oregon
1290:Oregon Steam Navigation Company
637:Crawford, Medorum, ed. (1881),
657:Edwards, Philip Leget (1890),
1:
850:Russo-American Treaty of 1824
630:Dictionary of Oregon History
628:Corning, William A. (1989),
329:and eventually met group of
648:Dobbs, Caroline C. (1932),
186:Methodist Mission in Oregon
125:Methodist Mission in Oregon
1385:
663:, A. J. Johnston & Co.
897:Constitutional Convention
855:Willamette Cattle Company
826:
297:. They first sailed into
69:Willamette Cattle Company
20:Willamette Cattle Company
643:, Salem, OR: E. M. Waite
1023:Willamette Trading Post
880:Donation Land Claim Act
768:Oregon boundary dispute
1308:Native peoples history
1008:Thomas and Ruckle Road
820:Provisional Government
303:Juan Bautista Alvarado
282:
104:
1084:Abigail Scott Duniway
280:
244:Webley John Hauxhurst
141:arrived on board the
102:
758:Hudson's Bay Company
738:American Fur Company
258:Philip Leget Edwards
214:Philip Leget Edwards
113:Hudson's Bay Company
1204:Eliza Hart Spalding
815:Pacific Fur Company
783:Oregon missionaries
748:Executive Committee
501:, pp. 208–209.
422:, pp. 181–182.
254:Lawrence Carmichael
192:HBC employees, and
149:Cape Disappointment
21:
1149:Morton M. McCarver
1139:David Thomas Lenox
1003:Philip Foster Farm
907:Great Gale of 1880
743:Columbian exchange
323:Siskiyou Mountains
283:
264:, Calvin Tibbets,
256:, Pierre De Puis,
105:
85:Mexican California
1359:American frontier
1349:Willamette Valley
1331:
1330:
1214:William Vandevert
1109:Cornelius Gilliam
1089:Thomas Lamb Eliot
1064:William H. Boring
1059:François Blanchet
988:Methodist Mission
860:Champoeg Meetings
590:, pp. 43–44.
575:, pp. 41–42.
563:, pp. 24–25.
551:, pp. 21–22.
318:Sacramento Valley
305:, who resided in
250:William J. Bailey
206:Campment du Sable
139:William A. Slacum
73:Willamette Valley
65:
64:
37:Willamette Valley
1376:
1234:Geo. H. Williams
1229:Narcissa Whitman
1039:George Abernethy
1013:Tualatin Academy
998:Oregon Institute
892:Rogue River Wars
870:Whitman massacre
832:
795:Oregon Territory
789:Oregon Spectator
719:
712:
705:
696:
691:
671:
670:
668:
653:
644:
633:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
527:
515:
509:
508:
496:
487:
486:
474:
468:
467:
455:
449:
448:
436:
430:
429:
417:
411:
410:
398:
392:
386:
295:Willamette River
260:Emert Ergnette,
226:Investors only:
22:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1318:Pioneer history
1313:History to 1806
1294:
1243:
1189:Osborne Russell
1169:James D. Miller
1154:John McLoughlin
1044:Jesse Applegate
1027:
1018:Whitman Mission
928:Applegate Trail
911:
833:
824:
726:
723:
674:
666:
664:
656:
647:
636:
627:
624:
619:
618:
610:
606:
598:
594:
586:
579:
571:
567:
559:
555:
547:
543:
535:
531:
521:
516:
512:
502:
497:
490:
480:
475:
471:
461:
456:
452:
442:
437:
433:
423:
418:
414:
404:
399:
395:
387:
376:
371:
353:
291:Wappatoo Island
275:
240:James A. O'Neil
228:John McLoughlin
223:
202:Alta California
190:French-Canadian
178:
170:Alta California
129:Samuel Thurston
120:John McLoughlin
103:John McLoughlin
97:
75:of present-day
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1344:Oregon Country
1336:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1323:Modern history
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1300:Oregon history
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1277:Colonel Wright
1273:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1248:Transportation
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:Marcus Whitman
1221:
1216:
1211:
1209:Henry Spalding
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:Joseph Kellogg
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1069:Elijah Bristow
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
973:French Prairie
970:
965:
963:Fort Vancouver
960:
955:
950:
948:Elliott Cutoff
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
919:
917:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
886:Holmes v. Ford
882:
877:
872:
867:
865:Star of Oregon
862:
857:
852:
847:
845:Treaty of 1818
841:
839:
835:
834:
827:
825:
823:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
785:
780:
775:
773:Oregon Country
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
734:
732:
728:
727:
724:
722:
721:
714:
707:
699:
693:
692:
672:
654:
645:
634:
623:
620:
617:
616:
604:
602:, p. 266.
592:
577:
565:
553:
541:
529:
520:, p. 177.
510:
488:
479:, p. 197.
469:
450:
441:, p. 180.
431:
412:
403:, p. 202.
393:
373:
372:
370:
367:
363:Star of Oregon
352:
349:
274:
271:
270:
269:
246:
236:William Slacum
222:
219:
177:
174:
96:
93:
63:
62:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
34:
30:
29:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1381:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Sager orphans
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Robert Newell
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Philip Foster
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:Matthew Deady
1077:
1075:
1074:Tabitha Brown
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
918:
914:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
840:
836:
831:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
805:Oregon Treaty
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
781:
779:
778:Oregon Lyceum
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
729:
720:
715:
713:
708:
706:
701:
700:
697:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
662:
661:
655:
651:
646:
642:
641:
635:
631:
626:
625:
621:
613:
608:
605:
601:
596:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
569:
566:
562:
557:
554:
550:
545:
542:
538:
533:
530:
525:
519:
514:
511:
506:
500:
495:
493:
489:
484:
478:
473:
470:
465:
460:, p. 71.
459:
454:
451:
446:
440:
435:
432:
427:
421:
416:
413:
408:
402:
397:
394:
391:, p. 51.
390:
389:Crawford 1881
385:
383:
381:
379:
375:
368:
366:
364:
359:
350:
348:
344:
341:
337:
332:
328:
324:
319:
314:
312:
308:
307:Santa Barbara
304:
300:
299:San Francisco
296:
292:
288:
279:
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:
220:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
173:
171:
166:
162:
157:
154:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
132:
130:
126:
121:
118:
114:
110:
101:
94:
92:
90:
86:
82:
81:United States
78:
74:
70:
60:
57:
53:
49:
47:Also known as
45:
42:
41:North America
38:
35:
31:
27:
23:
1282:
1275:
1269:
1263:Lot Whitcomb
1261:
1255:
1219:Elijah White
1119:Chief Joseph
1099:Peter French
968:Fort William
953:Fort Astoria
884:
854:
810:Organic Laws
800:Oregon Trail
787:
680:
676:
665:, retrieved
659:
649:
639:
629:
622:Bibliography
607:
600:Corning 1989
595:
588:Edwards 1890
573:Edwards 1890
568:
561:Edwards 1890
556:
549:Edwards 1890
544:
539:, p. 5.
537:Edwards 1890
532:
513:
472:
458:Brosnan 1933
453:
434:
415:
396:
354:
345:
340:Rogue Valley
327:Shasta River
315:
286:
284:
221:Participants
197:
179:
156:John Forsyth
142:
133:
117:Chief Factor
106:
68:
66:
55:Participants
1239:Ewing Young
1184:Joel Palmer
1164:Ezra Meeker
1159:Joseph Meek
1144:Asa Lovejoy
1104:Joseph Gale
1049:Ira Babcock
993:Oregon City
983:Meek Cutoff
958:Fort Dalles
933:Barlow Road
667:16 February
518:Slacum 1912
499:Slacum 1912
477:Slacum 1912
439:Slacum 1912
420:Slacum 1912
401:Slacum 1912
338:natives of
281:John Turner
266:John Turner
137:Lieutenant
89:Ewing Young
59:Ewing Young
1338:Categories
1199:Levi Scott
1174:John Minto
1129:H.A.G. Lee
1114:David Hill
1054:Sam Barlow
875:Cayuse War
612:Dobbs 1932
358:government
273:Expedition
262:George Gay
95:Background
61:and others
1134:Jason Lee
978:Linn City
902:Modoc War
369:Citations
232:Jason Lee
188:, former
182:Jason Lee
176:Agreement
161:Jason Lee
1256:Columbia
943:Champoeg
689:20609903
311:Monterey
194:American
165:Champoeg
33:Location
1284:Gazelle
1270:Canemah
938:Canemah
753:Ferries
336:Takelma
293:on the
210:Mexican
184:of the
115:(HBC).
1032:People
923:Albina
916:Places
838:Events
731:Topics
687:
351:Legacy
331:Shasta
287:Loriot
198:Loriot
144:Loriot
109:cattle
77:Oregon
685:JSTOR
289:from
669:2018
524:help
505:help
483:help
464:help
445:help
426:help
407:help
135:Navy
67:The
28:1837
25:Date
200:to
147:at
1340::
681:13
679:,
580:^
491:^
377:^
252:,
242:,
238:,
234:,
230:,
79:,
718:e
711:t
704:v
614:.
526:)
507:)
485:)
466:)
447:)
428:)
409:)
268:.
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