630:, a gentleman of the king's privy chamber, about his interest in employment in the queen's household in June 1607, fearing that Fowler's retirement might scupper his chances, but no more is known and Fowler did not retire. The rumour of retirement was perhaps connected with death of Fowler's brother in Edinburgh. Fowler returned from Edinburgh in November 1607. The Earl of Shrewsbury supported Fowler at this time, and wrote to the Earl of Salisbury about Fowler's absences in Scotland and his illness from a fever.
732:
who visited London in 1613. This seems to have been a salt, described in 1620 with other items of the queen's tableware scheduled for sale as; " a salt of gold in pieces, having a clock within crystal, the foot of same being gold triangle wise, the cover thereof being a castle, and out of the same
606:
The Queen's
Council managed the income from her extensive jointure lands and manors in England. Fowler's papers include the draft invitation for the council appointees representing shire manors to come to court. His administrative work with the queen's council and household under the chamberlain
504:
On 26 May 1604, Fowler wrote to Lord Cecil apologising for delays in expediting Anna of
Denmark's business. He said suits and patents were "in the custody of the women" and he blamed "Margarete" who usurped authority in the queen's name, meaning the Scottish
388:
fashioned like gold chains. It was really winched or pushed by hidden workmen. Fowler said the pageant was propelled by "secret convoy". His performance was a last-minute substitute for a lion. Perhaps this actor was the same Afro-Scot as the man in the
350:, an Italian writer, served James VI and Anne of Denmark as a language tutor and secretary. He lodged at Janet Fockart's house where the ambassador Robert Bowes stayed, and Eleanor Bowes made friends with his wife, Isotta de Canonici, the widow of
125:
to act as a spy until 1583, by which time he felt his consorting with French
Catholics was compromising his religious integrity. Castelnau showed some of Mary's letters to Fowler, and he described them to Walsingham. Fowler also informed on
684:, the queen had a green palm tree with a crown and a Latin epigram in gilt letters on the queen's fruitfulness by Fowler based on his anagram of her name; "Anna Brittanorum Regina"—"In anna regnantium arbor". The anagram was printed in
1026:(Edinburgh, 1882), pp. 543-4: Clare McManus, 'Marriage and the Performance of the Romance Quest: Anne of Denmark and the Stirling Baptismal Ceremonies for Prince Henry', in L.A.J.R. Houwen, A.A. MacDonald, S.L. Mapstone, Peeters,
361:, a calligrapher, was also a secretary to the queen. He drew out a Latin acrostic poem for a manuscript of Fowler's discourse on the history of mathematics titled 'Methodi, sive compendii mathematici'. This work was not printed.
466:. Shrewsbury would remain a friend and ally. Fowler was confirmed as secretary and Master of Requests to Anne of Denmark, and joined the council administering her new English jointure lands. He joined the royal progress towards
828:
A True
Reportarie of the Most Triumphant, and Royal Accomplishment of the Baptisme of the Most Excellent, Right High, and Mightie Prince, Frederik Henry, By the Grace of God, Prince of Scotland. Solemnized the 30 Day of August
501:. Arbella Stuart advised the Earl of Shrewsbury to send a New Year's Day gift to Anne of Denmark, but not to Fowler, as gift giving could become a "yearly tribute". Arbella forwarded letters from Fowler to the Earl.
133:
Fowler's letters to
Walsingham mention his widowed mother's concern at his role and intrigues in London and her moneylending activities, and information he obtained in January 1583 from the exiled Scottish
733:
castle a green tree, the flowers being diamonds and rubies in roses, the same clock salt and crystal garnished with gold, diamonds, and rubies, wanting a dial in the same clock".
626:
had some hopes of gaining a position in the queen's household by Fowler's means, and heard from a clerk of her council, Daniel Powell, that Fowler might retire. Donne wrote to
1358:
2287:
66:
423:. However, nothing from him or mentioning 'Ib' survives, except perhaps a newsletter of March 1602 that reached Sir Robert Cecil and appears to be in his handwriting.
2237:
497:
and wrote that
Arbella was the "eighth wonder of the world" and "the phoenix of her sex". He wrote to Earl from Winchester on 11 October, with news of the death of
242:
93:, who he claimed had driven him from that country. In response, two Scottish Catholics, Hamilton and Hay, manhandled him and dragged him through the streets to the
293:, charged with raising the profile of the burgh. Fowler wrote from Denmark about the progress of the marriage negotiations to the English ambassador in Scotland
579:, a lady in waiting in the queen's household, one including her name, "My harte as Aetna burnes, and suffers MORE / Paines in my MIDDLE than ever MARY proved".
145:
and deciphered in 2023. In May 1583, while
William was intriguing in London, his sister Susannah Fowler married John Drummond the king's doorkeeper and son of
668:
His will mentions a chain of gold of jewels worth ÂŁ300, and three diamond rings, presents from Anne of
Denmark, which he left to his brother John Fowler. The
335:
said the letters meant nothing to him, Bowes thought they looked like letters he had previously seen which referred to alleged
Catholic and Spanish plots.
339:
556:
377:
2282:
390:
736:
The figurative image of Anne of
Denmark as a fruitful vine, an olive tree with four branches, was used in a speech in parliament made after the
2277:
1890:
1143:
669:
459:
311:
Fowler returned to Scotland before James VI, and planned to rejoin the royal party in Denmark in April 1590. The English diplomat in Edinburgh
304:
King James sailed to Norway to meet his bride. On 28 November 1589, at Oslo, Fowler was appointed private secretary and Master of Requests to
265:
to Mary Beaton, who was a member of his literary circle. He wrote an epitaph for Elizabeth Douglas, Samuel Cockburn's wife, who died in 1594.
2267:
2262:
768:. Two other volumes of his manuscript notes, poems and other papers. are preserved among the Drummond of Hawthornden manuscripts held by the
741:
365:
332:
622:
His older brother William Fowler, an Edinburgh merchant, died in 1606, and the poet was made a burgess of Edinburgh. In June 1607, the poet
2222:
2217:
608:
2242:
2136:
2010:
494:
420:
142:
135:
834:
411:
In 1598, Fowler agreed to send intelligence from the royal court to England, and was to be known by the cipher 'Ib' in correspondence.
2212:
2156:
729:
701:
572:
234:
672:
owed him ÂŁ843. The will was witnessed by James Cleghorn, a waiter in the queen's household, and James Gibson, the king's bookbinder.
598:
as a reward. Fowler composed anagrams and sayings based on courtier's and diplomats names, and Boderie features in Fowler's drafts.
559:, in September 1603. She was considering giving them to a friend in Scotland. Fowler thought they would be better at Cecil's house,
298:
654:, an order of knighthood of doubtful history. Fowler believed that there had been an Order, founded to honour Scots who fought for
809:
Anna Fowler. After the death of her husband, a Mr Delille, she lived in Cambridge in 1665 in poverty and sent begging letters to
693:
583:
401:
369:
82:
446:. On 28 April he wrote to Robert Cecil from Edinburgh, enclosing royal letters (from Anne of Denmark) and offering his service.
2065:
544:
533:
443:
316:
150:
2252:
662:
254:
1060:
769:
416:
384:
with six ladies holding desserts towards the dais or high table in the great hall. He pretended to pull the stage with
2232:
2227:
1039:
647:
412:
286:
238:
2070:
2055:
1989:
1883:
936:
Gottfied von BĂĽlow, 'Journey Through England and Scotland made by Lupold von Wedel in the years 1584 and 1585', in
193:
146:
658:. He thought it had been discontinued in the time of James V, and could say nothing of its ceremonies or regalia.
685:
627:
328:
294:
2050:
799:
756:
His nephew William Drummond of Hawthornden bequeathed a manuscript collection of seventy-two sonnets, entitled
2257:
2247:
2106:
1994:
1316:
765:
358:
312:
1830:
2101:
1711:
1654:
1418:
1192:
995:
991:
548:
1605:
1028:
A Palace in the Wild: Essays on Vernacular Culture and Humanism in Late-Medieval and Renaissance Scotland
2272:
2202:
2015:
1964:
1876:
655:
521:
189:
173:. Fowler later noted that while he was teaching James the art of memory, the king taught him poetry and
94:
1725:
2207:
2146:
2121:
914:
814:
697:
651:
435:
320:
250:
201:
110:
528:. Nothing seems to have resulted from this. In October 1604 he wrote to the Earl of Shrewsbury from
430:, on 5 April 1603, before joining the king in London, Fowler wrote a note describing the devices or
79:
An ansvver to the calumnious letter and erroneous propositions of an apostat named M. Io. Hammiltoun
2166:
2131:
2086:
1923:
1913:
552:
427:
357:
Fowler taught the queen the art of memory, a subject upon which he also wrote a now lost treatise.
347:
343:
114:
90:
23:
1209:
Women on the Renaissance stage: Anna of Denmark and Female Masquing in the Stuart Court, 1590-1619
404:. She had joined a factional struggle, and the court at Stirling was filled with her adversaries.
2040:
1928:
591:
122:
875:(Edinburgh, 1987), p. 91: Michael Pearce, 'Maskerye Claythis for James VI and Anna of Denmark',
850:
615:, a maker of musical instruments who repaired a wind instrument belonging to Anne of Denmark at
586:
regarded Fowler as a useful source of information, worthy of cultivation, describing him as an "
1813:
319:
and the other mysteriously addressed to "Assuerus the Painter". Fowler gave the letters to the
315:
reported to Burghley and Walsingham that Fowler had obtained two letters in cipher, one to the
2035:
1933:
1788:
1739:
509:
498:
394:
692:(London, 1612), attributed to Fowler, with an image of an olive tree bearing the initials of
2141:
2126:
2091:
1984:
921:
810:
639:
540:
525:
513:
486:
262:
162:
2060:
1959:
1938:
1118:
1072:
745:
576:
455:
439:
373:
305:
282:
62:
415:
mentioned in March that Fowler needed encouragement and reassurance by a letter from the
2181:
2116:
2111:
2045:
2025:
2020:
1969:
737:
681:
612:
564:
482:
381:
351:
324:
204:
and Robert Hudson, and James VI himself. In 1591 Fowler contributed a prefatory sonnet
197:
185:
166:
118:
493:
which contains a partial anagram of her name. Fowler sent the sonnets to the Earl and
184:
Fowler was part of a literary circle around King James which has become known as the "
2196:
1979:
1974:
616:
568:
529:
463:
170:
54:
840:, 3 vols, vol. I 1914, vol. II 1936, vol. III 1940, Scottish Text Society, Edinburgh
2171:
2096:
1601:
1449:
1375:
1246:
516:, he drew up the queen's warrant in support of founding a college or university at
471:
467:
261:, contributed sonnets in praise of the author. Fowler dedicated a translation from
127:
925:
963:
1954:
1767:
1173:
773:
405:
246:
2176:
1177:
857:
The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler and the Jacobean Court 1603–1612
623:
70:
42:
803:
560:
506:
290:
86:
58:
646:
as reward for his services to Anne of Denmark. In October 1610 he answered
539:
Fowler wrote to Cecil in February 1605 mentioning their recent meeting at
476:
Uppon a Horologe of the Clock at Sir George More's at his Place of Loseley
141:
Coded letters mentioning Mary's distrust of Fowler were discovered in the
278:
258:
222:
218:
38:
1918:
1222:
Shades of Difference: Mythologies of Skin Color in Early Modern England
1144:
Bath, Michael, 'Rare Shewes, the Stirling Baptism of Prince Henry', in
563:. In the mean time the pictures were to be displayed in the gallery at
520:
in Yorkshire, which was promoted by Cecily Sandys, widow of the Bishop
274:
178:
1374:(London, 1971), pp. 229-30, 233, (Lambeth Talbot K. fols. 121, 163):
1195:
The Works of William Fowler: Secretary to Queen Anne, Wife of James VI
1180:
Keywords of Identity, Race, and Human Mobility in Early Modern England
1159:
1858:
E. Margaret Thompson, 'The Daughter of Anne of Denmark's Secretary',
1694:
E. Margaret Thompson, 'The Daughter of Anne of Denmark's Secretary',
1359:
The sonnets sent to Arbella are nos 260 & 261 in Meikle's edition
643:
431:
106:
34:
1772:
From Tudor to Stewart: the regime change from Elizabeth I to James I
595:
1278:, vol. 13 part 2 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. xvii, xxvii, 151, 164, 169;
1899:
642:. In 1609 Fowler received a grant of 2,000 acres (8.1 km) in
517:
408:
wrote that Fowler had stayed behind in Edinburgh for this reason.
74:
30:
1510:
Eros and Poetry at the Courts of Mary Queen of Scots and James VI
904:: volume 6: 1581-83 (Edinburgh, 1910), 262-3, 265-6, 480 no. 495.
385:
26:
1872:
1868:
1698:, 19:73 (October 1921), pp. 21-32 at p. 24: TNA PROB 11/122/81.
1551:
HMC Calendar of the Manuscripts of Major-General Lord Sackville
442:
with matching chairs. The bed was also recorded by his nephew,
338:
Fowler left Scotland for a while on 17 September 1591 with the
1117:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1914), pp. cxxvi, cxxviii, cxxx, citing
892:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), pp. 481 no. 495, 688-689 no. 724.
1395:, vol. 1 (London, 1966), p. 166 citing Lambeth MS 708 f.139.
1361:, the approximate anagram is in 'BELL ... DISTEMPERED HAPP'.
1046:, vol. 2 (London, 1838), p. 392, misdated by Wright to 1588.
536:, who he called "our great St George, the Lord of Berwick."
397:, Fecundity, Faith, Concord, Liberality, and Perseverance.
1305:
HMC Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Marquis of Salisbury
1044:
Queen Elizabeth and Her Times: A Series of Original Letters
772:. Fowler's poetry was featured in the 1803 publication by
458:, Fowler travelled south with Anne of Denmark and met the
308:. He retained these positions when Anne went to England.
1847:
Parish of Holyroodhouse of Canongate: Marriages 1564-1800
1715:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh: Scottish Text Society, 1914), p. 315
915:'Deciphering Mary Stuart’s lost letters from 1578-1584',
588:
Ecossais et un galant homme, que je desir bien entretenir
543:. Anne of Denmark had placed in his custody portraits of
400:
In April 1595, the queen went to Stirling to see her son
1253:, vol. 1 (London, 1754), p. 228, as 'Mr William Foulis'.
567:. Fowler attended the royal progress in 1605 and was at
216:; while James, in return, commended, in verse, Fowler's
1077:
Extracts from the Burgh Records of Edinburgh: 1589-1603
1024:
Extracts from the Burgh Records of Edinburgh: 1573-1589
489:, and wrote two sonnets, one addressed to her, and the
273:
In 1589, he was appointed to the diplomatic mission to
65:
who sold a variety of fine fabrics. He graduated from
1436:, vol. 16 (London, 1933), pp. 114-5: Alison Findlay,
1512:(Basingstoke, 2002), p. 208 fn. 6: Alastair Fowler,
1176:, JoĂŁo Vicente Melo, Haig Z. Smith, Lauren Working,
532:
with court news and news of death of the son of the
438:, which seems to have been in place in a chamber at
121:, currently staying there. He was soon recruited by
2155:
2079:
2003:
1947:
1906:
760:, and a translation (1587) from the Italian of the
253:, and "E. D.", probably Elizabeth Douglas, wife of
913:George Lasry, Norbert Biermann, Satoshi Tomokiyo,
165:in Edinburgh and told him that he been teaching
372:in 1594. At the feast following the baptism at
161:In September 1584, he met the German traveller
130:, a goldsmith who was carrying Mary's letters.
953:, vol. 3 (STS, Edinburgh, 1940), p. xix fn. 4.
575:'s house in August. Fowler wrote two poems to
77:studying civil law. At this time he published
1884:
1812:(University of Missouri Press, 1991), p. 66:
1685:, vol. 2 (London, 1936), pp. xxii-xxiii, 388.
1634:The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler
1564:The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler
1539:The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler
1264:The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler
1132:The Literary Culture of Early Modern Scotland
1057:The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler
1011:The Literary Culture of Early Modern Scotland
109:to retrieve some money owed to his father by
105:Following his return to Scotland, he visited
8:
1756:The Hawthorden Manuscripts of William Fowler
1706:
1704:
1670:The Hawthorden Manuscripts of William Fowler
1636:(Routledge, 2021), 166: Alessandra Petrina,
1091:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 257, 264-5.
938:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
710:Fert fructum et frondes, germine laeta vivo.
590:". In August 1607, Boderie recommended that
393:for Anne in May 1590. The women represented
1818:, vol. 7 part 3 (Hague, 1739), pp. 130, 132
728:The palm tree was admired and described by
722:Growe on blist birth with leaves and fruit,
364:Fowler devised and wrote an account of the
289:. He was a paid negotiator for the city of
1891:
1877:
1869:
1644:(London, 1857), p. 464, TNA SP 14/37 f.50.
1323:(London, 1857), p. 464, TNA SP 14/37 f.50.
1193:Henry Meikle, John Craigie, James Purves,
1104:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1914), pp. xxv, cxxv.
978:Gordon MacGregor, 'Cockburn of Ormiston',
708:Perpetuo vernans arbor regnantium in Anna,
113:. Here he frequently visited the house of
2288:17th-century Scottish non-fiction writers
1642:Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1603–1610
1577:Records of English Court Music, 1603-1625
1391:Catherine Jamieson & E. G. W . Bill,
1382:, vol. 3 (London, 1838), pp. 16-19, 47-9.
851:William Fowler, The Literary Encyclopedia
1658:, 3 (Edinburgh: STS, 1940), xxxii, xxxvi
1621:Manuscripts of the Marquess of Salisbury
1349:, vol. 1 (London, 1828), pp. 251, 260-1.
1235:Emblems in Scotland: Motifs and Meanings
879:(Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2022), p. 113.
795:A daughter who married Patrick Stirling.
1251:Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth
1197:, vol. 2 (STS: Edinburgh, 1940), p. 188
1162:Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue
864:
491:Upon a Horologe of the Clock at Loseley
2238:Alumni of the University of St Andrews
1282:, vol. 14 (London, 1923), pp. 211-212.
601:
551:. They had been gifts to her from the
470:in Somerset, and on 12 August visited
1438:Playing Spaces in Early Women's Drama
1307:, vol. 15 (London, 1930), pp. 60, 70.
831:, Robert Waldegrave, Edinburgh (1594)
742:Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley
611:included checking bills submitted by
474:where a timepiece inspired his poem,
117:, Sieur de Mauvissiere, where he met
57:and William Fowler, a well-connected
7:
1623:, 19 (London: HMSO, 1965), 319, 338.
967:(Edinburgh, Robert Waldegrave, 1591)
788:William Fowler's children included;
2157:Makar or National Poet for Scotland
1469:, vol. 3 (London, 1838), pp. 97-99.
1146:Journal of the Northern Renaissance
1063:, Privy Seal Register, PS1/66 f78r.
806:. He married Jean Cathcart in 1622.
391:pageant in the streets of Edinburgh
1862:, 19:73 (October 1921), pp. 21-32.
1609:, vol. 1 (London, 1899), pp. 155-6
1079:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1927), p. 17.
902:Calendar of State Papers, Scotland
792:A daughter who married James Ruch.
730:John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
661:He died in 1612 and was buried in
602:The Queen's council and John Donne
434:embroidered on a bed belonging to
14:
1681:E. K. Purnell & A. B. Hinds,
1422:, 3 (Edinburgh: STS, 1940), xxxiv
1237:(Brill, Leiden, 2018), pp. 102-3.
965:His Majesties Poeticall Exercises
877:Medieval English Theatre 43, 2021
724:from branche to branche in kings.
342:, and seems to have attended the
214:His Majesties Poeticall Exercises
1797:Machiavelli in the British Isles
1638:Machiavelli in the British Isles
1553:, vol. 1 (London, 1940), p. 177.
1528:, 2 (Paris, 1750), pp. 146, 300.
1499:, vol. 3 (London, 1936), p. 188.
1486:, vol. 17 (London, 1938), p. 54.
1467:Illustrations of British History
1456:, vol. 1 (London, 1779), p. 284.
1380:Illustrations of British History
1336:, vol. 3 (London, 1791), p. 209.
1334:Illustrations of British History
940:, vol. 9 (London, 1895), p. 247.
919:(8 Feb 2023), pp. 57, 70, 72, 79
143:Bibliothèque nationale de France
101:London and secret correspondence
1497:HMC Lord De L'Isle & Dudley
638:He was at court in May 1609 at
545:Albert VII, Archduke of Austria
444:William Drummond of Hawthornden
151:William Drummond of Hawthornden
2283:Scottish expatriates in France
1831:'Journal of Roger Wilbraham',
1785:Literary names: Personal names
1607:Life and Letters of John Donne
1514:Literary names: Personal names
1276:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1089:Calendar State Papers Scotland
890:Calendar State Papers Scotland
720:from ANNA faire which springs,
676:The green tree and the anagram
650:'s inquiry about the Scottish
619:in August and September 1607.
53:William Fowler was the son of
1:
2278:16th-century Scottish writers
1791:England as Seen by Foreigners
1742:England as Seen by Foreigners
1393:Calendar of Shrewsbury Papers
1372:HMC Calendar of Talbot Papers
1347:Progresses of James the First
1211:(Manchester, 2002), pp. 84-5.
997:In Byways of Scottish History
926:10.1080/01611194.2022.2160677
718:Freshe budding blooming trie,
714:Fowler's own translation was:
584:Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie
366:entertainments at the baptism
2268:Household of Anne of Denmark
2263:Scottish Renaissance writers
1224:(Philadelphia, 2005), p. 83.
1182:(Amsterdam, 2021), pp. 40-50
1061:National Records of Scotland
802:and owner of the Deanery at
798:Ludovick Fowler, burgess of
770:National Library of Scotland
704:. The verse on the tree was:
594:should send Fowler 5 or 600
297:who forwarded his letter to
243:John Maitland of Thirlestane
2223:17th-century Scottish poets
2218:16th-century Scottish poets
2080:18th century – 20th century
1590:Roll of Edinburgh Burgesses
1408:(Oxford, 1994), 191-2, 208.
837:The Works of William Fowler
277:to arrange the marriage of
73:in 1578. By 1581 he was in
2304:
2243:University of Paris alumni
2071:John Stewart of Baldynneis
2056:Robert Sempill the younger
1990:John Stewart of Baldynneis
1860:Scottish Historical Review
1849:(Edinburgh, 1915), p. 621.
1835:, 10 (London, 1902), p. 72
1810:Royal Family, Royal Lovers
1758:(Routledge, 2021), 95, 97.
1696:Scottish Historical Review
1592:(Edinburgh, 1929), p. 191.
1440:(Cambridge, 2006), p. 118.
1295:(London, 2008), pp. 17-20.
1013:(Oxford, 2017), pp. 84-87.
982:, vol. 3 (2020), pp. 78-9.
871:Margaret H. B. Sanderson,
778:Scottish Descriptive Poems
663:St Margaret's, Westminster
481:In September 1603, he met
194:John Stewart of Baldynneis
147:Robert Drummond of Carnock
2213:16th-century male writers
1406:Letters of Arbella Stuart
149:, their son was the poet
1799:(Ashgate, 2009), p. 102.
1579:, vol. 4 (1991), p. 200.
1482:(London, 1995), p. 182:
249:the former companion of
2107:Alicia Ann Spottiswoode
1789:William Brenchley Rye,
1787:(Oxford, 2012), p. 84:
1774:(Oxford, 2024), p. 121.
1740:William Brenchley Rye,
1713:Works of William Fowler
1656:Works of William Fowler
1566:(Routledge, 2021), 151.
1541:(Routledge, 2021), 139.
1420:Works of William Fowler
1321:CSP Domestic, 1603–1610
1317:Mary Anne Everett Green
1266:(Routledge, 2021), 165.
1115:Works of William Fowler
1102:Works of William Fowler
1059:(Routledge, 2021), 36:
1030:(Leuven, 2000), p. 177.
951:Works of William Fowler
766:University of Edinburgh
247:Mary Beaton, Lady Boyne
208:to James VI's poem the
81:a pamphlet criticising
22:(c. 1560 – 1612) was a
16:Scottish poet and makar
2102:Robert Louis Stevenson
2004:c. 1560 – 17th century
1829:Harold Spencer Scott,
1795:: Alessandra Petrina,
1793:(London, 1865), p. 166
1744:(London, 1865), p. 166
1672:(Routledge, 2021), 94.
1516:(Oxford, 2012), p. 84.
1484:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1434:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1280:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1134:(Oxford, 2017), p. 98.
764:to the library of the
726:
712:
582:The French ambassador
549:Isabella Clara Eugenia
495:Countess of Shrewsbury
269:Secretary to the queen
206:To the Only Royal Poet
2016:Alexander Montgomerie
1754:Allison L. Steenson,
1729:(London, 1612), p. 13
1668:Allison L. Steenson,
1640:(Ashgate, 2009), 85:
1632:Allison L. Steenson,
1588:Charles Boog Watson,
1562:Allison L. Steenson,
1537:Allison L. Steenson,
1526:Ambassades de Boderie
1262:Allison L. Steenson,
1055:Allison L. Steenson,
999:(London, 1912), p. 65
873:Mary Stewart's People
855:Allison L. Steenson,
758:The Tarantula of Love
716:
706:
656:Charles VII of France
229:Fowler dedicated his
190:Alexander Montgomerie
2253:Scottish translators
2122:Sydney Goodsir Smith
1130:Sebastiaan Verweij,
1009:Sebastiaan Verweij,
980:Red Book of Scotland
762:Triumphs of Petrarke
652:Order of the Thistle
634:Last years and death
436:Mary, Queen of Scots
327:to show them to the
321:Provost of Edinburgh
251:Mary, Queen of Scots
111:Mary, Queen of Scots
67:St Leonard's College
2132:George Campbell Hay
1370:G. R. Batho., ed.,
1293:Emblems for a Queen
1178:'Blackamoor/Moor',
992:Louis Auguste Barbé
835:Henry Meikle, ed.,
524:, and supported by
428:Union of the Crowns
378:Moore or Blackamoor
348:Giacomo Castelvetro
344:University of Padua
115:Michel de Castelnau
2233:17th-century spies
2228:16th-century spies
2041:Elizabeth Melville
1508:Sara M. Dunnigan,
1454:Desiderata Curiosa
1404:Sara Jayne Steen,
859:(Routledge, 2020).
670:Earl of Shrewsbury
592:Henry IV of France
426:Shortly after the
340:Laird of Buccleuch
123:Francis Walsingham
95:Collège de Navarre
2190:
2189:
2036:Christian Lindsay
1948:c. 1460 – c. 1560
1934:Andrew of Wyntoun
1907:c. 1370 – c. 1460
1833:Camden Miscellany
1783:Alastair Fowler,
888:William K. Boyd,
815:Dean of St Paul's
557:Count of Arenberg
510:Margaret Hartsyde
499:Alexander Dicsone
460:Earl of Shewsbury
157:A Career at Court
2295:
2142:Hamish Henderson
2092:Robert Fergusson
2066:William Drummond
1985:Richard Maitland
1893:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1827:
1821:
1808:David Bergeron,
1806:
1800:
1781:
1775:
1765:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1737:
1731:
1727:Minerva Brittana
1723:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1630:
1624:
1619:M. S. Giuseppi,
1617:
1611:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1447:
1441:
1432:M. S. Giuseppi,
1430:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1220:Sujata Iyengar,
1218:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1184:
1171:
1165:
1160:'Mor(e), Moir',
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1053:
1047:
1037:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1001:
989:
983:
976:
970:
960:
954:
947:
941:
934:
928:
911:
905:
899:
893:
886:
880:
869:
811:William Sancroft
690:Minerva Brittana
648:William Trumbull
640:Greenwich Palace
555:ambassador, the
541:Woodstock Palace
526:Bess of Hardwick
514:Greenwich Palace
487:Woodstock Palace
421:Sir Robert Cecil
413:George Nicholson
333:Earl of Bothwell
163:Lupold von Wedel
2303:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2159:
2151:
2137:Alexander Scott
2075:
2061:Francis Sempill
2011:Alexander Scott
1999:
1995:William Stewart
1960:Robert Henryson
1943:
1939:Richard Holland
1929:Sir Gilbert Hay
1902:
1897:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1853:
1845:Francis Grant,
1844:
1840:
1828:
1824:
1807:
1803:
1782:
1778:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1749:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1720:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1652:
1648:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1575:Andrew Ashbee,
1574:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1431:
1427:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1207:Clare McManus,
1206:
1202:
1191:
1187:
1172:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1119:British Library
1112:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1073:Marguerite Wood
1071:
1067:
1054:
1050:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
990:
986:
977:
973:
961:
957:
948:
944:
935:
931:
912:
908:
900:
896:
887:
883:
870:
866:
847:
824:
786:
754:
746:Lord Chancellor
723:
721:
719:
709:
678:
636:
604:
577:Mary Middlemore
456:Union of Crowns
452:
440:Holyrood Palace
374:Stirling Castle
346:. At this time
306:Anne of Denmark
283:Anne of Denmark
271:
255:Samuel Cockburn
188:" and included
159:
103:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Scottish spies
2255:
2250:
2248:Castalian Band
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2182:Kathleen Jamie
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:Robert Garioch
2114:
2112:William Soutar
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:Robert Sempill
2048:
2046:Alexander Hume
2043:
2038:
2033:
2031:William Fowler
2028:
2026:Castalian Band
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:William Dunbar
1967:
1965:Walter Kennedy
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1851:
1838:
1822:
1814:Thomas Rymer,
1801:
1776:
1760:
1747:
1732:
1718:
1710:Henry Meikle,
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1653:Henry Meikle,
1646:
1625:
1612:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1543:
1530:
1518:
1501:
1495:William Shaw,
1488:
1471:
1465:Edmund Lodge,
1458:
1442:
1425:
1417:Henry Meikle,
1410:
1397:
1384:
1363:
1351:
1345:John Nichols,
1338:
1332:Edmund Lodge,
1325:
1309:
1297:
1291:Michael Bath,
1284:
1268:
1255:
1239:
1233:Michael Bath,
1226:
1213:
1200:
1185:
1166:
1151:
1148:, no. 4 (2012)
1136:
1123:
1113:Henry Meikle,
1106:
1100:Henry Meikle,
1093:
1081:
1065:
1048:
1032:
1022:John Marwick,
1015:
1002:
984:
971:
955:
949:Henry Meikle,
942:
929:
906:
894:
881:
863:
862:
861:
860:
853:
846:
843:
842:
841:
832:
823:
820:
819:
818:
807:
796:
793:
785:
782:
753:
750:
738:Gunpowder Plot
677:
674:
635:
632:
613:Robert Henlake
609:Viscount Lisle
603:
600:
565:Somerset House
534:Earl of Dunbar
512:. In July, at
483:Arbella Stuart
451:
448:
386:draught traces
352:Thomas Erastus
325:Sir John Arnot
317:Earl of Erroll
270:
267:
237:, wife of the
198:Alexander Hume
186:Castalian Band
158:
155:
136:Duke of Lennox
119:Giordano Bruno
102:
99:
50:
47:
33:(royal bard),
20:William Fowler
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2300:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2147:William Neill
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:David Lyndsay
1978:
1976:
1975:Gavin Douglas
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:HMC Downshire
1678:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:Karen Hearn,
1475:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Thomas Wright
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
993:
988:
985:
981:
975:
972:
968:
966:
959:
956:
952:
946:
943:
939:
933:
930:
927:
923:
920:
918:
910:
907:
903:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
878:
874:
868:
865:
858:
854:
852:
849:
848:
844:
839:
838:
833:
830:
826:
825:
821:
816:
812:
808:
805:
801:
797:
794:
791:
790:
789:
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
731:
725:
715:
711:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:Henry Peacham
683:
682:Denmark House
675:
673:
671:
666:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
629:
628:Henry Goodyer
625:
620:
618:
617:Hampton Court
614:
610:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
573:Lord Mordaunt
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
530:Hampton Court
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:Worksop Manor
461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
329:Privy Council
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
299:William Cecil
296:
295:William Ashby
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
224:
220:
215:
212:, printed in
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:art of memory
168:
164:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
131:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:John Hamilton
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:Janet Fockart
48:
46:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
25:
21:
2273:Scots Makars
2203:1560s births
2172:Liz Lochhead
2167:Edwin Morgan
2097:Robert Burns
2087:Allan Ramsay
2030:
1914:John Barbour
1900:Scots makars
1859:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1832:
1825:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1721:
1712:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1606:
1602:Edmund Gosse
1597:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1450:Francis Peck
1445:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1376:Edmund Lodge
1371:
1366:
1354:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1247:Thomas Birch
1242:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1208:
1203:
1194:
1188:
1179:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1121:Harley 7004.
1114:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1056:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1005:
996:
987:
979:
974:
964:
958:
950:
945:
937:
932:
916:
909:
901:
897:
889:
884:
876:
872:
867:
856:
836:
827:
787:
777:
761:
757:
755:
735:
727:
717:
713:
707:
689:
679:
667:
660:
637:
621:
605:
587:
581:
538:
522:Edwin Sandys
503:
490:
480:
475:
472:Loseley Park
468:Wilton House
453:
425:
410:
402:Prince Henry
399:
382:pageant cart
380:" dragged a
370:Prince Henry
363:
356:
337:
313:Robert Bowes
310:
303:
272:
235:Jean Fleming
230:
228:
217:
213:
209:
205:
183:
174:
160:
140:
132:
104:
78:
52:
19:
18:
2208:1612 deaths
2160:(from 2004)
1955:Blind Harry
1768:Susan Doran
1174:Nandini Das
917:Cryptologia
774:John Leyden
406:Roger Aston
359:John Geddie
259:Temple-Hall
128:John Mosman
2197:Categories
2177:Jackie Kay
962:James VI,
845:References
800:Haddington
624:John Donne
287:John Skene
239:Chancellor
167:King James
85:and other
71:St Andrews
49:Early life
43:translator
2127:Tom Scott
1480:Dynasties
804:Restalrig
702:Elizabeth
561:Theobalds
507:chamberer
417:Secretary
291:Edinburgh
87:Catholics
61:merchant
59:Edinburgh
2021:James VI
822:Editions
279:James VI
231:Triumphs
223:Petrarke
219:Triumphs
91:Scotland
39:courtier
24:Scottish
1924:James I
1919:Huchoun
1816:Foedera
698:Charles
569:Drayton
553:Flemish
454:At the
450:England
432:emblems
275:Denmark
263:Ariosto
179:emblems
175:imprese
63:burgess
969:(p. 7)
784:Family
752:Legacy
644:Ulster
331:. The
210:Furies
202:Thomas
107:London
35:writer
1158:See,
694:Henry
518:Ripon
395:Ceres
376:, a "
285:with
75:Paris
31:makar
829:1594
700:and
547:and
169:the
41:and
27:poet
922:doi
776:of
744:as
740:by
688:'s
680:At
596:Écu
485:at
462:at
368:of
281:to
257:of
233:to
221:of
177:or
89:in
29:or
2199::
1770:,
1703:^
1604:,
1452:,
1378:,
1319:,
1249:,
1042:,
994:,
813:,
780:.
748:.
696:,
665:.
571:,
478:.
419:,
354:.
323:,
301:.
245:.
241:,
226:.
200:,
196:,
192:,
181:.
153:.
138:.
97:.
69:,
45:.
37:,
1892:e
1885:t
1878:v
1820:.
1075:,
924::
817:.
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