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241:. Perkins lived his entire life under Elizabeth I, dying one year before the Queen's death in 1603. Perkins's relationship with Elizabeth was ambiguous: on the one hand, she was Good Queen Bess, the monarch under whom England finally and firmly became a Protestant nation; on the other hand, Perkins and the other members of the Puritan movement were frustrated that the
881:
M. Perkins, his
Exhortation to repentance, out of Zephaniah: preached in 2. sermons in Sturbridge Faire. Together with two treatises of the duties and dignitie of the ministrie: deliuered publiquely in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge. With a preface præfixed touching the publishing of all such workes of
696:
A Treatise
Tending Vnto a Declaration Whether a Man be in the Estate of Damnation or in the Estate of Grace: And If he be in the First, How he may in Time Come out of it: if in the second, how he maie discerne it, and perseuere in the same to the end. The points that are handled are set downe in the
447:
Some object that his doctrine, referring all to an absolute decree, hamstrings all industry, and cuts off the sinews of men's endeavours towards salvation. For, ascribing all to the wind of God's Spirit, (which bloweth where it listeth,) he leaveth nothing to the oars of man's diligence, either to
780:
A reformed
Catholike, or, A declaration shewing how neere we may come to the present Church of Rome in sundrie points of religion, and wherein we must for euer depart from them: with an advertisement to all fauourers of the Romane religion, shewing that the said religion is against the Catholike
422:
Perkins married
Timothye Cradocke of Grantchester on 2 July 1595. (He had previously resigned his fellowship at Christ's College, since only unmarried men could be fellows.) They became the parents of seven children, three of whom died in youth from various causes, and one of whom was born after
189:
Perkins was a prolific author who penned over forty works, many of which were published posthumously. In addition to writing, he also served as a fellow at Christ's
College and as a lecturer at St. Andrew's Church in Cambridge. He was a firm proponent of Reformed theology, particularly the
767:
A salve for a sicke man, or, A treatise containing the nature, differences, and kindes of death: as also the right manner of dying well. And it may serue for spirituall instruction to 1. Mariners when they goe to sea. 2. Souldiers when they goe to battell. 3. Women when they trauell of
966:
Deaths knell: or, The sicke mans passing-bell: summoning all sicke consciences to prpare themselues for the coming of the grea day of doome, lest mercies gate be shut against them: fit for all those that desire to arriue at the heauenly
Ierusalem. Whereunto are added prayers fit for
439:, which is central to Reformed soteriology and double predestination, to be a doctrine of great consoling value. He was responsible for the publication in English of Beza's famous chart about double predestination. Writing less than a century after Perkins's death, his biographer
826:
The works of that famous and worthie minister of Christ, in the
Universitie of Cambridge, M.W. Perkins : gathered into one volume, and newly corrected according to his owne copies. With distinct chapters, and contents of euery book, and a generall table of the whole
284:
with such an emphasis, as left a doleful echo in his auditors' ears a good while after... . But in his older age he altered his voice and remitted much of his former rigidness; often professing that to preach mercy was that proper office of the ministers of the
480:
Although relatively unknown to modern
Christians, Perkins has had an influence that is felt by Christians all around the world. and was highly regarded in the Elizabethan Church. In addition, Perkins's views on double predestination made him a major target of
248:
Little is known of
Perkins' childhood and upbringing. Sometime in his early life he was rendered lame which forced him to write with his left hand. His family was evidently of some means, since in June 1577, at age 19, Perkins was enrolled as a pensioner of
324:
Following his ordination, Perkins also preached his first sermons to the prisoners of the
Cambridge jail. On one celebrated occasion, Perkins encountered a young man who was going to be executed for his crimes and who feared he was shortly going to be in
276:'s biographical profile of Perkins portrayed him as "very wild in his youth," skilled in mathematics, possessed of "a rare felicity in speedy reading of books," and preaching, early in his ministry, with a sternness that he mitigated in later years:
472:. This principle advocates that the unclear portions of scripture ought to be interpreted by the clear portions rather than by tradition or speculation. He did, however, leave room for figurative or analogical language when context demands.
731:
A case of conscience : the greatest that euer was; how a man may know whether he be the child of God or no. Resolued by the word of God. Whereunto is added a briefe discourse, taken out of Hier. Zanchius
717:
The foundation of Christian religion: gathered into sixe principles. And it is to bee learned of ignorant people, that they may be fit to hear sermons with profit, and to receiue the Lords Supper with comfort
1633:
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A golden chaine, or the description of theologie: containing the order of the causes of saluation and damnation, according to Gods woord. A view of the order wherof, is to be seene in the table annexed
858:
The first part of The cases of conscience: Wherein specially, three maine questions concerning man, simply considered in himselfe, are propounded and resolued, according to the word of God
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during the Elizabethan era. Although not entirely accepting of the Church of England's ecclesiastical practices, Perkins conformed to many of the policies and procedures imposed by the
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Gvilielmi Perkinsi Problema de Romanæ fidei ementito Catholicismo.: Estq Antidotum contra Thesaurum Catholicum Iodoci Coccij. Et iuventutis in lectione omnium patrum
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1529:
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clergyman who opposed the doctrine of predestination. He also was influential in the theological development of the American puritan philosopher and theologian
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which "serve as the twin foundation stones for what Perkins conceived as biblical preaching." He was also a major proponent of literal interpretation using the
268:
mother say to her child, "Hold your tongue, or I will give you to drunken Perkins yonder." Whether or not the story is true, it is clear that Perkins had a
376:
who refused to conform to the Church of England. He also opposed the Elizabethan regime's program of imposing uniformity on the church. For example, when
289:
Perkins's sermons, wrote Fuller, "were not so plain but that the piously learned did admire them, nor so learned but that the plain did understand them."
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Perkins thus began a lifelong association with the "moderate-puritan" wing of the Church of England which held views similar to those of the continental
1803:
761:
An exposition of the Symbole or Creed of the Apostles: according to the tenour of the Scriptures, and the consent of orthodoxe Fathers of the Church
587:
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A commentarie or exposition, vpon the fiue first chapters of the Epistle to the Galatians: penned by the godly, learned, and iudiciall diuine
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his as are to be expected: with a catalogue of all the perticulers of them, diligently perused and published, by a preacher of the word
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510:, Puritan theologian whose "Marrow of Theology" was the most popular systematic theology of the time became professor of theology at
174:
theologian, receiving a B.A. and M.A. from the university in 1581 and 1584 respectively, and also one of the foremost leaders of the
1823:
410:
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A discourse of the damned art of witchcraft: so farre forth as it is revealed in the Scriptures and manifest by true experience ...
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Armilla aurea, id est, Miranda series causarum et salutis & damnationis iuxta verbum Dei: Eius synopsin continet annexa tabula
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as a result. During the final set of trials against Puritan ministers in 1590–1591, Perkins confirmed that he had discussed the
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Christian oeconomie: or, A short survey of the right manner of erecting and ordering a familie: according to the scriptures
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The reformation of couetousnesse: Written vpon the 6. chapter of Mathew, from the 19. verse to the ende of the said chapter
503:
From his position at Cambridge, Perkins was able to influence a whole generation of English churchmen. His pupils include:
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500:'s. When he died, his writings were selling more copies than those of many of the most famous of the Reformers combined.
186:. He did remain, however, sympathetic to the non-conformist puritans and even faced disciplinary action for his support.
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A treatise of mans imaginations: Shewing his naturall euill thoughts: His want of good thoughts: The way to reforme them
435:" and was a major player in introducing the thought of Theodore Beza to England. He viewed the Reformed concept of the
48:
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A cloud of faithfull witnesses, leading to the heauenly Canaan, or, A commentarie vpon the 11 chapter to the Hebrewes
395:, Perkins defended Johnson. This was not an isolated incident, and he appeared before the commission more than once.
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ed. Joel R. Beeke and Derek W. H. Thomas, 10 vols. (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Reformation Heritage Books, 2014–2020).
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De praedestinationis modo et ordine : et de amplitudine gratiae diuinae Christiana & perspicua disceptatio
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604:, Puritan preacher of Gray's Inn and Master at Catherine's Hall known for his eloquence and comforting sermons
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The arte of prophecying, or, A treatise concerning the sacred and onely true manner and methode of preaching
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A warning against the idolatrie of the last times: And an instruction touching religious, or diuine worship
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Herbert, James (March 1982), "William Perkins's "A Reformed Catholic": A Psycho-Cultural Interpretation",
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In his lifetime, Perkins attained enormous popularity, with sales of his works eventually surpassing even
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Concerning the Order and Mode of Predestination and the Amplitude of Divine Grace by Rev. William Perkins
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my servant is dead’. He was buried in St. Andrew's, the church which he had pastored for eighteen years.
550:, Puritan preacher and successor to Perkins as lecturer at the church of St Andrew the Great in Cambridge
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A resolution to the countryman prooving it utterly unlawfull to buy or use our yeerely prognostications
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Tvvo treatises: I. Of the nature and practise of repentance. II. Of the combat of the flesh and spirit
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The combat betweene Christ and the diuell displayed, or A commentarie upon the temptations of Christ
544:, Congregationalist minister and Puritan theologian who was a vital part of the Westminster Assembly
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According to an unverifiable story, Perkins was convicted of the error of his ways after he heard a
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A graine of musterd-seede: or, the least measure of grace that is or can be effectuall to saluation
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Of the calling of the ministerie two treatises, describing the duties and dignities of that calling
641:
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493:. In addition, some consider the hermeneutics of Perkins to be a model that ought to be emulated.
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help or hinder to the attaining of happiness, but rather opens a wide door to licentious security.
1698:"The Trinitarian Theology of Jonathan Edwards: An Investigation of Charges Against its Orthodoxy"
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A C and e treatise of the manner and order of predestination: and of the largenes of Gods grace
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Foure Great Lyers, Striuing Who Shall Win the Siluer Whetstone: Also, A Resolution to the Count
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In addition to adopting a Reformed soteriology, Perkins also strongly held to the doctrines of
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Lectures vpon the three first chapters of the Reuelation: preached in Cambridge anno Dom. 1595
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How to liue, and that well: in all estates and times, specially when helps and comforts faile
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On 13 January 1587, Perkins preached a sermon denouncing the practice of kneeling to receive
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Schaefer, Paul (2004), "The Arte of Prophesying", in Kapic, Kelly; Gleason, Randall (eds.),
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Satans sophistrie ansuuered by our Sauiour Christ: and in diuers sermons further manifested
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being trained in the tradition of the Reformed scholastic framework. He would receive his
17:
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An exposition of the Lords prayer: in the way of catechising seruing for ignorant people
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with Puritan ministers, but claimed that he could not remember whom he had talked to.
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1174:. Cornell University Library. London: Printed for T. Tegg. Book II, Ch. X, pp. 80–83.
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recounted an objection that Perkins's views on double predestination often prompted:
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von Rohr, John (June 1965), "Covenant and Assurance in Early English Puritanism",
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Perkins was born to Thomas and Anna Perkins at Marston Jabbett in the parish of
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The vvhole treatise of the cases of conscience: distinguished into three bookes
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of Christ's College, a post he held until 1594. In 1585, he became a
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Specimen digesti, sive Harmoniæ bibliorum Veteris et Novi Testamneti
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The true gaine : more in worth then all the goods in the world
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A direction for the government of the tongue according to Gods word
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A godlie and learned exposition vpon the whole epistle of Ivde...
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Prophetica, sive, De sacra et vnica ratione concionandi tractatus
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In 1584, after receiving his MA degree, Perkins was elected as a
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with a particular emphasis on solus Christus and sola Scriptura.
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Fuller, Thomas; Nichols, James; White, Andrew Dickson (1841).
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sometime between 1581 and 1584 during his time at Cambridge.
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A declaration of the true manner of knowing Christ crucified
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had not gone far enough and pushed for further Reformation.
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An exposition of the Lords praier: in the way of catechisme
610:, Colonial American Puritan minister and theologian of the
1640:(Online ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
619:, Colonial American Puritan minister and founder of the
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As a "moderate Puritan", Perkins was firmly opposed to
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875:: or, a treatise of Christian equitie and moderation
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170:(1558–1602) was an influential English cleric and
684:A Warning against the Idolatrie of the Last Times
1560:, vol. 1, New York: Harper & Brothers,
650:preached his funeral sermon, taking as his text
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1809:16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
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1819:People from Nuneaton and Bedworth (district)
1392:, Grand Rapids: Reformation Heritage Books,
1017:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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1413:Brook, Benjamin (1994), "William Perkins",
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308:. Perkins's circle at Cambridge included
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1014:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1794:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
1593:, Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press,
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1171:The holy state, and the profane state
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1465:, Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust,
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1525:"The Hermeneutics of the Puritans"
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640:In 1602, Perkins suffered from "
574:, English puritan and theologian
558:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
1607:Storms, Sam (8 November 2006),
222:in 1558, the year in which the
1696:Weber, Richard M (June 2001),
677:Defensio pro Alexandro Discono
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984:The Works of William Perkins,
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1839:17th-century English writers
1829:16th-century English writers
1384:; Pederson, Randall (2006),
1038:UK public library membership
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431:Perkins was a proponent of "
280:He would pronounce the word
80:1602 (aged 43–44)
1740:(public domain audiobooks)
1523:Lea, Thomas D (June 1996),
978:The Work of William Perkins
387:for Johnson's support of a
251:Christ's College, Cambridge
89:Christ's College, Cambridge
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1364:Arminius, Jacobus (1602),
423:Perkins himself had died.
1834:16th-century male writers
1613:, Enjoying God Ministries
1572:A Puritan's Mind (2012),
1415:The Lives of the Puritans
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969:The ninth edition. (1628)
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1463:The Art of Prophesying
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1140:Venn & Venn 1953
1005:Jinkins, M. (2004).
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1634:"William Perkins"
1447:978-0-226-12316-5
1390:Meet the Puritans
1386:"William Perkins"
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525:congregationalism
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1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1177:
1155:
1153:, p. viii
1143:
1132:
1104:
1085:
1070:
1058:
1043:
996:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
981:
971:
970:
963:
957:
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945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
878:
867:
861:
855:
847:
841:
835:
829:
821:Posthumously:
819:
818:
812:
806:
800:
792:
784:
777:
771:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
720:
714:
708:
700:
697:page following
693:
687:
681:
663:
660:
637:
634:
633:
632:
626:Thomas Shepard
623:
614:
605:
602:Richard Sibbes
599:
590:
581:
575:
569:
560:
551:
545:
542:Thomas Goodwin
539:
518:
487:Dutch Reformed
477:
474:
461:sola Scriptura
428:
425:
365:
362:
321:
318:
229:succeeded her
207:
204:
192:supralapsarian
163:
162:
159:
158:
156:Law and Gospel
153:
149:
148:
139:
135:
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118:
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78:
74:
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66:Marston Jabbet
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
40:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
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1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Demonologists
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
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1477:
1474:
1468:
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1459:
1449:
1443:
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1438:
1433:
1432:Culianu, Ioan
1429:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1368:
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1361:
1357:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:Schaefer 2004
1328:
1325:
1322:, p. 303
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:Arminius 1602
1294:
1291:
1288:, p. 281
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:, p. 279
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1261:, p. 280
1260:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:Schaefer 2004
1243:
1240:
1236:
1235:von Rohr 1965
1231:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:Schaefer 2004
1196:
1193:
1190:, p. vii
1189:
1188:Ferguson 1996
1184:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:Ferguson 1996
1147:
1144:
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1133:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1102:, p. 275
1101:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:, p. 213
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:Schaefer 2004
1062:
1059:
1056:, p. 129
1055:
1050:
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1016:
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789:
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778:
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747:
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741:
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712:
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698:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
678:
674:
673:
668:
661:
659:
657:
653:
649:
648:James Montagu
645:
643:
635:
631:
627:
624:
622:
618:
617:Thomas Hooker
615:
613:
609:
606:
603:
600:
598:
594:
593:James Montagu
591:
589:
585:
582:
579:
578:Thomas Taylor
576:
573:
570:
568:
564:
561:
559:
555:
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549:
546:
543:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:John Robinson
519:
517:
513:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
475:
473:
471:
470:Rule of Faith
467:
463:
462:
457:
456:
449:
444:
442:
441:Thomas Fuller
438:
434:
426:
424:
420:
418:
417:
412:
408:
400:
396:
394:
393:church polity
390:
386:
382:
381:John Whitgift
379:
375:
371:
361:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
317:
315:
311:
307:
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299:
298:Theodore Beza
295:
290:
286:
283:
277:
275:
274:Thomas Fuller
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
205:
203:
201:
197:
196:Theodore Beza
193:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
160:
157:
154:
152:Notable ideas
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
101:
97:
95:Occupation(s)
93:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1717:, retrieved
1705:
1701:
1657:
1653:
1642:, retrieved
1637:
1615:, retrieved
1609:
1590:
1579:, retrieved
1574:
1557:
1546:, retrieved
1534:
1528:
1484:
1480:
1462:
1451:, retrieved
1436:
1414:
1403:, retrieved
1389:
1371:, retrieved
1366:
1349:, p. 63
1347:Culianu 1987
1334:, p. 41
1327:
1315:
1304:
1293:
1281:
1254:
1249:, p. 42
1242:
1230:
1219:
1212:Herbert 1982
1207:
1195:
1170:
1146:
1135:
1068:, p. 40
1061:
1026:. Retrieved
1012:
1000:
983:
977:
972:
967:housholders.
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
880:
874:
863:
857:
843:
837:
831:
825:
820:
814:
808:
802:
779:
773:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
716:
710:
695:
689:
683:
646:
639:
584:James Ussher
572:Thomas Draxe
508:William Ames
502:
495:
479:
466:regula fidei
465:
459:
455:solo Christo
453:
451:
446:
430:
421:
414:
404:
389:presbyterian
367:
347:
323:
296:theologians
291:
288:
281:
279:
263:
247:
216:Warwickshire
209:
194:theology of
188:
167:
166:
121:
104:Notable work
70:Warwickshire
37:The Reverend
29:
1784:1602 deaths
1779:1558 births
1719:18 February
1644:18 February
1617:18 February
1581:18 February
1548:18 February
1453:18 February
1405:18 February
1382:Beeke, Joel
1373:18 February
1309:Storms 2006
1214:, p. 8
608:John Cotton
554:Samuel Ward
548:Paul Baynes
516:Netherlands
383:imprisoned
374:separatists
227:Elizabeth I
1753:Categories
1626:Venn, John
1600:0830827943
1472:0851516890
1424:1877611794
1399:1601780001
1320:Weber 2001
1054:Brook 1994
1040:required.)
991:References
871:Hepieíkeia
372:and other
224:Protestant
212:Bulkington
206:Early life
200:five solae
142:Puritanism
1714:0360-8808
1690:162295453
1674:0009-6407
1566:600071622
1543:0360-8808
1517:154818667
1501:0009-6407
1081:Neal 1843
642:the stone
476:Influence
407:Communion
343:execution
294:Calvinist
266:Cambridge
261:in 1584.
172:Cambridge
146:Calvinism
1738:LibriVox
1632:(1953),
1286:Lea 1996
1274:Lea 1996
1259:Lea 1996
1100:Lea 1996
512:Franeker
391:form of
354:Lecturer
231:Catholic
1682:3162903
1509:2165150
1358:Sources
285:Gospel.
233:sister
220:England
176:Puritan
1712:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1597:
1564:
1541:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1469:
1444:
1421:
1396:
1034:
1028:21 May
962:(1618)
956:(1611)
950:(1609)
944:(1608)
938:(1608)
932:(1607)
926:(1607)
920:(1607)
914:(1606)
908:(1606)
902:(1606)
896:(1605)
890:(1605)
884:(1605)
877:(1604)
866:(1604)
860:(1604)
854:(1604)
846:(1604)
840:(1604)
834:(1603)
827:(1603)
817:(1601)
811:(1601)
805:(1601)
799:(1598)
791:(1598)
783:(1597)
776:(1596)
770:(1595)
763:(1595)
757:(1593)
751:(1593)
745:(1593)
739:(1592)
733:(1592)
727:(1592)
719:(1591)
713:(1591)
707:(1590)
699:(1590)
692:(1585)
686:(1584)
680:(1584)
654:1.2, ‘
652:Joshua
533:pastor
529:Leiden
498:Calvin
485:, the
350:fellow
331:Christ
304:, and
113:Spouse
1686:S2CID
1678:JSTOR
1513:S2CID
1505:JSTOR
768:child
656:Moses
636:Death
468:, or
1721:2014
1710:ISSN
1670:ISSN
1646:2014
1619:2014
1595:ISBN
1583:2014
1562:OCLC
1550:2014
1539:ISSN
1497:ISSN
1467:ISBN
1455:2014
1442:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1407:2014
1394:ISBN
1375:2014
1030:2023
567:poet
565:, a
531:and
458:and
339:sins
327:hell
312:and
282:damn
235:Mary
77:Died
62:1558
59:Born
1736:at
1662:doi
1489:doi
1019:doi
527:in
356:of
335:God
237:as
128:Era
1755::
1706:44
1704:,
1700:,
1684:,
1676:,
1668:,
1658:34
1656:,
1628:;
1535:39
1533:,
1527:,
1511:,
1503:,
1495:,
1485:51
1483:,
1388:,
1339:^
1266:^
1180:^
1158:^
1107:^
1088:^
1073:^
1046:^
1011:.
586:,
514:,
333:,
316:.
300:,
259:MA
255:BA
218:,
214:,
144:,
68:,
1664::
1491::
1032:.
1021::
20:)
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