456:. Nixon appeared on national television and ordered the employees back to work, but his address only stiffened the resolve of the existing strikers and angered workers in other 671 locations in other cities into walking out as well. Workers in other government agencies also announced they would strike as well if Nixon pursued legal action against the postal employees. The strike crippled the nation's mail system, disrupting delivery of pension and welfare checks, tax refunds, census forms, and draft notices. Businesses hired planes and trucks to deliver publications or letters. Nixon spoke to the nation again on March 25 and ordered a 24,000 Army, Army National Guard, Army Reserve, Air National Guard, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve, and Marine Corps Reserve forces to begin distributing the mail. But the military proved ineffective at distributing the mail.
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562:. Usery was able to get GM, Toyota and the UAW to agree to a first-of-its-kind labor-management partnership: The UAW agreed to Toyota's production methods and Toyota agreed to make the UAW an equal partner in managing the plant's productivity and quality control procedures. The NUMMI collective bargaining agreement was signed in June 1985. The labor-management partnership has won a number of labor-management, productivity, quality and good corporate citizenship awards.
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the federal government and private sector, and became the presidential point-man in labor disputes which might have a significant impact on the national economy. The appointment lapsed after Nixon's resignation in August, but Gerald Ford re-appointed him to the position in
January 1975. He continued as director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service until appointed by Ford to be Secretary of Labor in February 1976.
550:. Usery assisted the UAW, GM and Toyota in crafting a contract which established a new, jointly-owned and -operated corporation, the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI). NUMMI implemented Toyota's "lean" production system in the U.S., but utilized a closed plant owned by GM. The UAW agreed to support the joint venture if NUMMI agreed to recognize the union at the NUMMI plant in
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11491 (October 29, 1969, which gave union organizing rights to two million federal government workers and established collective bargaining, grievance and dispute resolution procedures. The executive order had been long-sought by the
American labor movement, and brought federal collective bargaining
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established the W.J. Usery Jr. Center for the
Workplace. The center provides for the study of cooperative labor-management relations and serves as a resource for employers and workers seeking assistance in resolving disputes. In 2000, Usery began devoting most of his time to the work of the center.
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asked Usery to mediate the dispute. Usery won both parties' agreement to form an
Advisory Commission on United Mine Workers of America Retiree Health Benefits (the "Coal Commission"). The investigative body, which included Usery as co-commissioner, made regulatory and legislative recommendations to
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Negotiations, in which Usery played a key role, resolved the postal strike in just two weeks. Postal unions, Nixon administration officials and
Congressional aides not only negotiated a contract which gave the unions most of what they wanted, but which also established a legislative framework which
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In part to reward Usery for his loyalty and as a sign of respect for Usery's mediation and negotiation skills, Nixon appointed Usery to be
Special Assistant to the President for Labor-Management Affairs in January 1974. In this capacity, Usery advised the president on labor-management relations in
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was putting significant inflationary pressure on construction wages. Although Nixon suspended Davis-Bacon, Usery and others soon convinced Nixon to reinstate Davis-Bacon enforcement and establish a separate body to review union contracts. Within a year, the new committee had identified a number of
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In 1956, Usery retired from his job at
Armstrong Cork after being elected a Grand Lodge Representative for the IAM. In this capacity, in 1961 Usery became the union representative on the President's Missile Sites Labor Commission. Usery was responsible for leading labor negotiations and helping to
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In addition to his consulting work, Usery served on several federal labor-management commissions. One of these was the "Coal
Commission." In the 1980s, the United Mine Workers (UMWA) and coal mining companies began to dispute who was responsible for paying medical benefits to retired miners. The
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executive council unanimously asked Usery to become director of the federation's
Department of Organization and Field Services. Usery accepted the offer. But when Usery told Nixon about his decision, Nixon asked Usery to reconsider. Usery subsequently declined the AFL-CIO's offer.
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In 1985, Usery founded and financed the Bill Usery Labor
Relations Foundation. The foundation assists and advises democratic unions and employers in Russia on how to improve and professionalize labor-management relations.
634:, was named "Usery Hall" after a generous donation made to the school to help fund the project. The $ 22 million school building serves as an educational hall to the middle school and high school cadets.
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Although Willie was his birth name, official sources often mistakenly called him "William." For much of his life, Usery was known as "W.J.," although most associates called him "Bill."
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of 1970. Under the act, postal unions won the right to negotiate on wages, benefits and working conditions. On July 1, 1971, five federal postal unions merged to form the
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In 2004, the board of regents of Georgia State University approved the establishment of the W.J. Usery Jr. Chair of the American Workplace at Georgia State University.
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wage increases it had deemed extravagant, and won renegotiation of the agreements. Soon, wage increases on Davis-Bacon projects dropped from 14 percent to 6 percent.
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During his tenure at DOL, Usery was instrumental in averting several large strikes. In April 1969, Usery helped avert a nationwide strike by the
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resolve the retiree health benefit issue. The Coal Commission's recommendations were enacted in the Coal Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-486).
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Although influential in the Nixon administration, Usery was unable to persuade the president to refrain from temporarily suspending the
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Usery's tenure as secretary of labor, however, was limited. Ford lost the presidential election in November 1976. Incoming president
398:. In 1967, Usery was designated by IAM to a labor-management council at Kennedy Space Center. He became the council's chair in 1968.
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776:"The Coal Act," A Brief History of UMWA Health and Retirement Funds, United Mine Workers of America. Accessed December 5, 2006.
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through round-the-clock, non-stop negotiations. He helped resolve collective bargaining disputes between the railways and the
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Usery Accepts Assignment of Special Assistant to the President for Labor Relations Activities, press release dated 01/05/1974
725:"Chapter 7: Nixon and Ford Administrations, 1969-1977," Brief History of DOL, U.S. Dept. of Labor, accessed December 5, 2006.
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From 1993 to 1995, Usery also served the Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations (the "Dunlop Commission").
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Also in 1983, Usery mediated an education workers' strike in Chicago which involved 38,000 teachers and paraprofessionals.
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President announces intention to nominate W. J. Usery to be Secretary of Labor (Position Appointments and Resignations)
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from 1938 to 1941. From 1941 to 1942, he worked as an underwater welder for the J. A. Jones Construction Company in
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After leaving public service, Usery founded Bill Usery Associates, Inc., a labor relations consulting firm.
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681:. This EO has subsequently been modified by EO 11616, EO 11636, EO 11838, EO 11901, EO 12027 and EO 12107.
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690:"APWU History," American Postal Workers Union, AFL-CIO, accessed December 5, 2006; William Gardner Bell,
492:(FMCS), a federal agency which offered arbitration and mediation services to employers and labor unions.
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In 1983, Usery Associates was involved in automobile manufacturing industry negotiations between the
904:"The Coal Act." A Brief History of UMWA Health and Retirement Funds. United Mine Workers of America.
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898:"Chapter 7: Nixon and Ford Administrations, 1969-1977," Brief History of DOL, U.S. Dept. of Labor.
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in 1971. The act set wages for construction workers on projects receiving federal funds. But the
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Usery Receives Honorary Doctorate from University of Louisville, press release dated 05/13/1975
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767:"What We're About - Culture," New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc., accessed December 5, 2006.
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Other strikes could not be avoided. Usery was part of a DOL team which was unable to avoid
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nominated Usery to be Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor-Management Relations in the
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While working at Armstrong Cork, Usery served as the IAM's special representative at the
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716:"APWU History," American Postal Workers Union, AFL-CIO, accessed December 5, 2006.
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349:, Usery worked as a steamfitter, welder, and machinist in Georgia. He attended
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342:. From 1943 to 1946, Usery worked on a U.S. Navy repair ship in the Pacific.
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Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations, U.S. Dept. of Labor
844:"Obituary for W.J. (Bill) Usery, Jr. at Moores Funeral Home & Crematory"
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Directors of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (United States)
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In May 1975, he received an honorary doctorate in social science from the
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He died on December 10, 2016, eleven days away from his 93rd birthday.
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International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers people
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365:, Usery helped co-found Local Lodge 8 (now Local Lodge 918) of the
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924:"What We're About - Culture," New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.
661:"Bill Usery, Who Settled Wide Range of Labor Disputes, Dies at 92"
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In 2010, a new building on the Georgia Military College campus in
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The W.J. Usery Jr. Center for the Workplace closed in early 2010.
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On February 10, 1976, President Gerald Ford nominated Usery to be
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practices in line with those already in use in private industry.
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administer and service union contracts at Cape Canaveral AFMTC,
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414:(DOL). Usery oversaw the implementation and enforcement of the
292:; December 21, 1923 – December 10, 2016) was an American
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With the need for naval welders growing dramatically during
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In March 1973, Nixon appointed Usery to be director of the
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Usery Departure from FMCS, 02/05/1976, bulletin #76-BUL-10
624:. In 1999, he received LERA's Lifetime Achievement Award.
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867:"APWU History," American Postal Workers Union, AFL-CIO.
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On March 1, 1952, while working as a machinist at the
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Department of the Army Historical Summary: FY 1970,
677:For the text of this Executive Order (EO), see the
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879:Department of the Army Historical Summary: FY 1970
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527:instead. Usery left office on January 20, 1977.
296:activist and government appointee who served as
1646:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
874:II. Civil Disturbance and Emergency Operations
554:. The UAW's support was crucial in winning an
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909:"Mediator Set to Join Chicago School Talks."
892:United States Army Center of Military History
416:Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
56:February 10, 1976 – January 20, 1977
8:
1869:Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)
1844:United States Navy personnel of World War II
381:Cape Canaveral Air Force Missile Test Center
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448:. The illegal strike by more than 210,000
331:. Usery married Gussie Mae Smith in 1942.
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435:Brotherhood of Railway and Airline Clerks
16:American labor union activist (1923–2016)
315:Usery was born on December 21, 1923, in
916:"The Strike That Stunned the Country."
825:. University of Georgia. Archived from
703:"The Strike That Stunned the Country,"
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367:International Association of Machinists
178: 1942; died 2005)
952:Georgia biography of William Usery Jr.
861:W. J. Usery Jr. biography and timeline
7:
942:New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.
452:workers began on March 18, 1970, in
1874:People from Baldwin County, Georgia
1854:Ford administration cabinet members
1879:United States secretaries of labor
1049:United States Secretaries of Labor
937:U.S. Department of Labor Biography
659:Roberts, Sam (December 15, 2016).
573:issue came to a head in 1989. The
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1839:20th-century American politicians
1057:Secretaries of Commerce and Labor
431:Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen
421:Usery helped write and implement
1690:Ambassador to the United Nations
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1000:United States Secretary of Labor
514:United States secretary of labor
446:a national postal service strike
298:United States secretary of labor
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44:United States Secretary of Labor
1889:Georgia Military College alumni
311:Early life and military service
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466:American Postal Workers Union
1620:William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.
872:Bell, William Gardner, ed. "
798:"Lifetime Achievement Award"
450:United States Postal Service
406:In February 1969, President
402:Assistant Secretary of Labor
393:Marshall Space Flight Center
389:John F. Kennedy Space Center
1606:Secretary of Transportation
439:United Transportation Union
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1884:United States Navy sailors
1746:Counselor to the President
1721:White House Chief of Staff
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968:Digital Library of Georgia
926:Accessed December 5, 2006.
906:Accessed December 5, 2006.
900:Accessed December 5, 2006.
869:Accessed December 5, 2006.
620:Usery was a member of the
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1438:Secretary of the Interior
1369:Secretary of the Treasury
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615:University of Louisville
602:Georgia State University
560:Federal Trade Commission
412:U.S. Department of Labor
396:Manned Spacecraft Center
353:, but did not graduate.
338:, Usery enlisted in the
321:Georgia Military College
256:William Julian Usery Jr.
108:Willie Julian Usery, Jr.
1704:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
964:W.J. Usery, Jr. Papers
632:Milledgeville, Georgia
609:Memberships and awards
363:Armstrong Cork Company
1494:Secretary of Commerce
575:Pittston Coal Company
1671:Trade Representative
1595:Carla Anderson Hills
1396:James R. Schlesinger
1388:Secretary of Defense
1099:Secretaries of Labor
1795:White House Counsel
1778:John Otho Marsh Jr.
1452:Stanley K. Hathaway
592:In 1994, President
579:The Brink's Company
558:exemption from the
552:Fremont, California
540:United Auto Workers
1772:Robert T. Hartmann
1539:John Thomas Dunlop
1525:Secretary of Labor
1350:Secretary of State
1330:Nelson Rockefeller
985:Political offices
957:2012-03-29 at the
890:Washington, D.C.:
884:2010-09-21 at the
665:The New York Times
508:Secretary of Labor
340:United States Navy
325:Brunswick, Georgia
234:United States Navy
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1679:Frederick B. Dent
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1514:Elliot Richardson
1502:Frederick B. Dent
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1007:Succeeded by
913:October 23, 1983.
820:"Regents Minutes"
707:, March 30, 1970.
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317:Hardwick, Georgia
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131:December 10, 2016
121:Hardwick, Georgia
118:December 21, 1923
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1421:William B. Saxbe
1413:Attorney General
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482:
403:
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378:U.S. Air Force
358:
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312:
309:
251:
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223:
222:Branch/service
219:
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191:
188:Frances Pardee
187:
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171:
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146:
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135:(aged 92)
129:
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107:
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100:
96:
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92:
91:
86:
80:
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77:John T. Dunlop
74:
68:
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58:
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47:
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39:
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26:
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15:
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1901:
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1784:Rogers Morton
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1508:Rogers Morton
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1128:
1127:Schwellenbach
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
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1110:
1108:
1105:
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1096:
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764:
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736:
731:
728:
722:
719:
713:
710:
706:
700:
697:
693:
687:
684:
680:
679:NARA Archives
674:
671:
666:
662:
655:
652:
645:
643:
638:Personal life
637:
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633:
628:
625:
623:
618:
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584:
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577:(now part of
576:
570:
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457:
455:
454:New York City
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
427:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
408:Richard Nixon
401:
399:
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384:
382:
379:
374:
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368:
364:
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329:Liberty ships
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257:
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183:
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160:
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106:
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66:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
23:William Usery
20:
1766:Kenneth Rush
1544:
1323:
1010:Ray Marshall
998:
917:
910:
877:
838:
827:the original
814:
804:December 19,
802:. Retrieved
792:
781:
772:
763:
752:
741:
730:
721:
712:
704:
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686:
673:
664:
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641:
629:
626:
619:
612:
594:Bill Clinton
591:
588:
571:
567:
564:
548:Toyota Motor
537:
534:
531:Later career
521:Jimmy Carter
518:
511:
502:
494:
487:
470:
458:
443:
428:
420:
405:
385:
375:
360:
347:World War II
344:
336:World War II
333:
314:
306:
255:
254:
244:World War II
240:Battles/wars
133:(2016-12-10)
89:Ray Marshall
84:Succeeded by
51:
1834:2016 deaths
1829:1923 births
1805:(1974–1977)
1780:(1974–1977)
1774:(1974–1977)
1737:(1975–1977)
1735:Dick Cheney
1731:(1974–1975)
1712:(1976–1977)
1706:(1975–1976)
1700:(1974–1975)
1681:(1975–1977)
1662:(1975–1977)
1656:(1974–1975)
1622:(1975–1977)
1616:(1974–1975)
1597:(1975–1977)
1591:(1974–1975)
1572:(1975–1977)
1566:(1974–1975)
1547:(1976–1977)
1541:(1975–1976)
1535:(1974–1975)
1516:(1976–1977)
1510:(1975–1976)
1504:(1974–1975)
1485:(1976–1977)
1479:(1974–1976)
1460:(1975–1977)
1448:(1974–1975)
1429:(1975–1977)
1423:(1974–1975)
1404:(1975–1977)
1398:(1974–1975)
1379:(1974–1977)
1360:(1974–1977)
1332:(1974–1977)
1298:(1974–1977)
1296:Gerald Ford
973:Appearances
600:. In 1997,
484:FMCS tenure
477:Vietnam War
460:led to the
327:, building
294:labor union
72:Preceded by
65:Gerald Ford
1823:Categories
1760:Dean Burch
1197:McLaughlin
1004:1976–1977
855:References
556:anti-trust
345:Following
149:Republican
114:1923-12-21
1477:Earl Butz
1293:President
1065:Cortelyou
966:from the
546:(GM) and
383:(AFMTC).
207:Education
61:President
52:In office
1182:Marshall
1147:Goldberg
1142:Mitchell
955:Archived
882:Archived
437:and the
138:Eatonton
1654:Roy Ash
1309:Cabinet
1289:Cabinet
1187:Donovan
1167:Brennan
1162:Hodgson
1122:Perkins
1070:Metcalf
894:, 1973.
542:(UAW),
497:AFL-CIO
371:AFL-CIO
369:(IAM),
300:in the
200:
192:
180:
172:
168:
155:Spouses
1786:(1976)
1768:(1974)
1762:(1974)
1756:(1974)
1454:(1975)
1326:(1974)
1242:Scalia
1237:Acosta
1217:Herman
1207:Martin
1172:Dunlop
1157:Shultz
1137:Durkin
1107:Wilson
1075:Straus
977:C-SPAN
876:." In
800:. LERA
598:strike
357:Career
289:-ər-ee
231:
123:, U.S.
1247:Walsh
1232:Perez
1227:Solis
1212:Reich
1192:Brock
1177:Usery
1152:Wirtz
1132:Tobin
1112:Davis
1080:Nagel
918:Time.
830:(PDF)
823:(PDF)
694:1973.
646:Notes
194:(
190:
174:(
170:
42:15th
1324:None
1222:Chao
1202:Dole
1117:Doak
806:2016
705:Time
302:Ford
128:Died
104:Born
1291:of
975:on
1825::
663:.
617:.
516:.
441:.
418:.
391:,
287:US
277:iː
274:ər
196:m.
176:m.
1281:e
1274:t
1267:v
1041:e
1034:t
1027:v
888:.
846:.
808:.
667:.
280:/
271:s
268:ʌ
265:ˈ
262:/
258:(
116:)
112:(
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