174:
254:
31:
126:
182:
yellow (ripe) and red. Red
Bartletts or Williams are very similar to the traditional Williams, aside from ripening to a reddish colour rather than a yellow colour. Red-skinned mutant clones (i.e. "sports") of the Williams are increasing in popularity, including three major varieties in the US: the Max Red Bartlett, the Sensation Red Bartlett, and the Rosired Bartlett. One study of several macrosatellite loci in 63 European Pear (
1818:
117:. The fruit has a bell shape, considered the traditional pear shape in the west, and its green skin turns yellow upon later ripening, although red-skinned derivative varieties exist. It is considered a summer pear, not as tolerant of cold as some varieties. It is often eaten raw, but holds its shape well when baked, and is a common choice for canned or other processed pear uses.
1828:
1219:
153:, England, schoolmaster named John Stair, giving rise to the now-obscure synonyms 'Aldermaston' pear and 'Stairs' pear. A nurseryman named Williams later acquired the variety, and after introducing it to the rest of England, the pear became known as the Williams Pear. However, the pear's full name is Williams' Bon Chretien, or "Williams' good Christian."
1588:
192:
Best when picked with the internal pressure of the pear is between 110 and 120 kPa (16 and 18 psi), the pear should still be green and relatively hard when picked. Optimum conditions for ripening are in dry shady areas, and ripening usually takes 7 to 10 days from when the pear was picked.
181:
The pear exhibits a pyriform "pear shape," with a rounded bell on the bottom half of the fruit, and then a definite shoulder with a smaller neck or stem end. Williams are aromatic pears, and have what many consider the definitive "pear flavour". Colours of the pear vary from green (when unripe), to
164:
of
Dorchester, Massachusetts. Unaware of their origin, Bartlett named the pears after himself and introduced the variety into the United States. It was not realised that Bartlett and Williams Pears were the same until 1828, when new trees arrived from Europe. By that time the Bartlett variety had
188:
L.) cultivars did not distinguish Max Red
Bartlett and Sensation Red Bartlett from the standard Williams, which was expected since the red mutants were derived from the Williams by mutation. Dozens of other cultivars and hybrids have been created from Williams, created for properties like cold
148:
of France had called to his deathbed as a healer in 1483. Francis offered the king a pear seed from his native
Calabria with instructions to plant and care. Hence the pear tree was called "Good Christian". The Williams pear is thought to date from 1765 to 1770 from the yard of an
277:
While more pears are sold fresh in the US than processed, Bartlett pears are the primary choice for canned halves, puree, and most pear juice and nectar in the US, comprising about two-thirds of
Bartlett production. Bartletts are traditionally known as the
1124:, similar to Poire Williams but often with a higher alcohol percentage. Some producers of viljamovka include an entire pear inside each bottle. This is achieved by attaching the bottle to a budding pear tree so that the pear will grow inside it.
234:
The leaves are simple, glossy green leaves that alternate on the twig. They grow up to 8 cm (3 in) long, are thick with slight midrib curves folding the edges inwards. They have fine teeth on the
201:
Pear trees are usually productive for 50 to 75 years though some still produce fruit after 100 years. A Bon Chrétien tree planted around 1630 in
Danvers, Massachusetts is still producing fruit today.
193:
As the pear ripens the color will slowly change to a soft yellow and the pear will soften. Commercially produced pears are normally picked and shipped to the stores while green.
165:
become vastly popular in the United States, and they are still generally known as
Bartlett pears in the US and Canada, although there are about 150 other synonyms worldwide.
266:
In 1985, this variety represented 80% of US pear production while in 2004 it represented 50% of reported pear production, displaced primarily by the continuing growth of
229:
Large, golden yellow skin, brownish red blush, classic shape with smooth, white flesh. Harvest from mid-August to mid-September (Northern
Hemisphere).
156:
In 1799 James Carter imported several
Williams trees into the United States, and they were planted on the grounds of Thomas Brewer in Roxbury,
1203:
1243:
1163:
1193:
1803:
1460:
1798:
1220:"Characterization of variability and genetic similarity of European pear using microsatellite loci developed in apple"
1757:
134:
1764:
605:
For several decades, the
Williams pear has been used actively as a parent in the production of new varieties:
173:
1864:
282:
pear due to their "definitive flavor and sweetness," making them well-suited for many forms of processing.
1479:
1788:
1428:
1869:
1782:
1613:
1557:
1522:
1265:
1003:
846:
1655:
1453:
1120:
The pear is also very popular in the western Balkans, where it is distilled into a brandy known as
221:
30:
1295:
1620:
1497:
1831:
1739:
1711:
1669:
1577:
1199:
1167:
253:
1140:
Valerie Ayres, "Under the Stars?" John and Frances West Family Group newsletter February 2005
1718:
1662:
1634:
1627:
1562:
1227:
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141:
125:
1704:
1606:
1532:
1527:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1090:
730:
140:
The origins of this variety are uncertain. "Bon Chrétien" (Good Christian) is named after
1302:. (Website.) Germ Resources Information Network (GRIN), page 5. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
1821:
1697:
1683:
1641:
1542:
1446:
1106:
184:
161:
109:
61:
1858:
1732:
1725:
1676:
1648:
1547:
1537:
1300:
Crop Germplasm Committee: Report and genetic vulnerability statement, September 2004"
157:
145:
114:
1247:
1690:
1587:
1110:
1231:
1250:. (Website). Germ Resources Information Network (GRIN). Retrieved 2 October 2007.
1567:
1552:
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1049:
592:
559:
150:
82:
1008:
927:
527:
1849:
1517:
1121:
467:
267:
1492:
271:
1334:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 83, page 875
189:
resistance, ripening time, skin colouration, and grafting compatibility.
104:
69:
35:
The Williams pear. An 1822 print from the Horticultural Society of London
279:
55:
922:
213:
1793:
274:
pears, both winter pears more tolerant of cold than the Bartlett.
252:
172:
124:
47:
41:
1366:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 89
1357:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 83
1348:
Brooks, Olmo. American Society for Horticultural Science. Vol. 68
1469:
1442:
1586:
1273:
1438:
290:
List of some "sports" or mutants of the Williams pear.
207:
4.5–6 m (15–20 ft) with slightly less spread
1774:
1749:
1598:
1478:
78:
68:
54:
40:
23:
1429:"Review: Belle de Brillet Liqueur - Drink Spirits"
1294:U.S. Department of Agriculture. (September 2004.)
160:. The Massachusetts estate was later acquired by
1408:Clark, Finn. HortScience. Vol. 41(5):1101-1133
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1454:
1399:Brooks, Olmo. HortScience. Vol. 29(9):942-969
1260:
1258:
1256:
8:
1850:Video footage of a Williams Pear in a bottle
1218:WĂĽnscha, A., and I. Hormaza. (5 June 2007).
1187:
1185:
1461:
1447:
1439:
29:
20:
1105:The Williams pear is used in making both
1383:
1381:
1344:
1342:
1340:
607:
292:
1417:Gasic. HortScience Vol. 55(7):1164-1201
1395:
1393:
1330:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1195:Classic Papers in Horticultural Science
1133:
240:300–1,500 m (1,000–5,000 ft)
103:in the United States and Canada, is a
1164:"Pears - Yellow Bartlett - USA Pears"
702:Laxton Brothers/Bedfordshire, England
683:Laxton Brothers/Bedfordshire, England
664:Laxton Brothers/Bedfordshire, England
7:
1827:
1244:National Clonal Germplasm Repository
107:(cultivated variety) of the species
14:
495:Maroon red on picking-ripe fruit.
1826:
1817:
1816:
1804:World Apple and Pear Association
1192:Janick, Jules (1 January 2000).
913:William H. Griggs/California, US
477:James W. Sweeney/ California, US
1427:Kleinman, Geoff (3 June 2013).
1248:" NCGR-Corvallis Pyrus Catalog"
761:Robert Patterson/California, US
395:deep yellow with golden russet
1799:Tottori Nijisseiki Pear Museum
1166:. 14 July 2007. Archived from
910:1959/1975 Patented 27 Aug 1974
177:French red and green varieties
1:
1322:Silbereisen, Obstsorten-Atlas
1232:10.1016/j.scienta.2007.02.002
1387:HortScience. Vol. 10(5):476
1234:. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
1226:, vol. 113 (1), pp. 37–43,
1018:R.L. Bell/Kearneysville, US
975:S.H. Hjeltnes/Sweden,Norway
837:Robert C. Lamb/New York, US
212:White flowers grouped in a
1886:
1375:HortScience Vol. 10(5):477
648:Packham (Packhams Triumph)
377:Stephen G. Nye/ Oregon, US
95:pear, commonly called the
85:, UK between 1765 and 1770
1812:
1584:
1081:J.R. Breach/Great Britain
783:Butirra Precoce Morettini
245:Orchards and landscaping
28:
645:C.H. Packham / Australia
440:1945 Patented 1 Jul 1947
135:Ulysses Prentiss Hedrick
113:, commonly known as the
1266:"The DeLange Home Page"
506:Crisafulli/ Montana, US
1758:Pyrus Ă— bretschneideri
1592:
1224:Scientia Horticulturae
894:F.C. Reimer/Oregon, US
406:Sensation Red Bartlett
258:
178:
137:
93:Williams' bon chrétien
1789:List of pear diseases
1765:Pyrus Ă— sinkiangensis
1590:
1117:, an infused cognac.
1072:US plant patent 17624
1050:US plant patent 17387
686:Laxton´s Satisfaction
612:Cross made/Introduced
593:US plant patent 18515
560:US plant patent 10325
474:1948, Introduced 1963
256:
176:
131:The Pears of New York
128:
1783:Herefordshire Pomona
1558:Stinking Bishop pear
1056:Patented 17 Apr 2007
1034:Patented 30 Jan 2007
1009:US plant patent 6245
928:US plant patent 3599
751:Josephine de Malines
528:US plant patent 4169
169:Physical description
129:Bartlett pear, from
1198:. Blackburn Press.
991:Patented 9 Aug 1988
864:Tetraploid Bartlett
808:Marguerite Marillat
654:Uvedals St. Germain
636:Plant Patent Number
468:US plant patent 741
380:Nye Russet Bartlett
342:Plant Patent Number
249:Production and uses
222:Northern Hemisphere
1593:
984:Colorée de Juillet
617:Originator/Country
498:Plant patent 2012
302:Originator/Country
262:US pear production
259:
220:April–May (in the
179:
144:, a holy man whom
138:
1840:
1839:
1614:P. armeniacifolia
1578:Winter Nelis pear
1523:Doyenné du Comice
1205:978-1-930665-06-4
1101:Distilled spirits
1098:
1097:
1037:White/New Zealand
705:Laxton´s Progress
598:
597:
537:Biehn/ Oregon, US
89:
88:
1877:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1656:P. elaeagrifolia
1463:
1456:
1449:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1335:
1332:
1323:
1320:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1276:on 8 August 2013
1272:. Archived from
1270:ww82.delange.org
1262:
1251:
1241:
1235:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1160:
1141:
1138:
1115:Belle de Brillet
1065:Max Red Bartlett
1059:Hart/New Zealand
1043:Max Red Bartlett
1024:Max Red Bartlett
1000:Max Red Bartlett
919:Max Red Bartlett
900:Max Red Bartlett
608:
578:Associated Fruit
486:Fowler Nurseries
480:Rosired Bartlett
446:Max-Red Bartlett
293:
227:Fruit and seeds:
142:Francis of Paola
33:
21:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1808:
1770:
1750:Natural hybrids
1745:
1621:P. boissieriana
1594:
1582:
1533:Huntington pear
1528:Harovin Sundown
1513:Conference pear
1503:Churchland pear
1474:
1467:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1338:
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1326:
1321:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1279:
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1254:
1242:
1238:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1170:on 14 July 2007
1162:
1161:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1103:
827:Beurré Superfin
692:Beurré Superfin
673:Beurré Superfin
667:Laxton´s Superb
603:
354:Russet Bartlett
288:
264:
251:
241:
236:
230:
225:
216:
208:
199:
171:
123:
36:
24:'Williams' pear
17:
12:
11:
5:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:Pear cultivars
1857:
1856:
1853:
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1845:
1844:External links
1842:
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1813:
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1776:
1775:Related topics
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1740:P. ussuriensis
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1712:P. salicifolia
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1670:P. korshinskyi
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1543:Parsonage pear
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185:Pyrus communis
170:
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162:Enoch Bartlett
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110:Pyrus communis
87:
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72:
66:
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62:Pyrus communis
58:
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1720:
1719:P. serikensis
1716:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
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1700:
1699:
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1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
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1664:
1663:P. hakkiarica
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1635:P. calleryana
1632:
1630:
1629:
1628:P. bourgaeana
1625:
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1622:
1618:
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1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1589:
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1576:
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1573:Williams pear
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:Taylor's gold
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
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1538:Le Conte pear
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989:
986:
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734:
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724:Bristol Cross
723:
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623:Marketed/Name
620:
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615:
613:
610:
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594:
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588:
586:
583:
580:
577:
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572:Carolina Gold
571:
568:
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367:Golden russet
366:
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295:
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286:Named mutants
285:
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275:
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255:
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196:
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158:Massachusetts
154:
152:
147:
146:King Louis XI
143:
136:
132:
127:
120:
118:
116:
115:European pear
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:Bartlett pear
98:
97:Williams pear
94:
84:
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77:
73:
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50:
49:
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43:
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27:
22:
19:
16:Pear cultivar
1781:
1763:
1756:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1705:P. pyrifolia
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1607:P. anatolica
1605:
1572:
1470:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1297:
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1269:
1239:
1223:
1214:
1194:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
1136:
1119:
1111:fruit brandy
1104:
1087:Red Williams
978:Celina(QTee)
956:South Africa
940:Harrow Sweet
861:Merton Pride
799:New York, US
711:Marie Louise
635:
631:Other Parent
630:
622:
616:
611:
604:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
312:Mutated From
311:
306:
301:
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289:
276:
265:
242:
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155:
139:
130:
108:
100:
96:
92:
90:
60:
46:
18:
1870:Aldermaston
1698:P. pyraster
1684:P. oxyprion
1642:P. communis
1568:Warden pear
1553:Seckel pear
1488:Abate Fetel
1280:20 February
1174:20 February
946:Purdue 8051
878:Santa Maria
867:Hardenpont
566:26 Feb 2008
534:14 Apr 1998
503:27 Dec 1977
307:Market Name
151:Aldermaston
83:Aldermaston
1859:Categories
1733:P. syriaca
1726:P. spinosa
1677:P. nivalis
1649:P. cordata
1548:PĂŞra Rocha
1498:Choke pear
1122:viljamovka
1084:Misty Rose
1068:Nijisseiki
1046:Nijisseiki
1021:Shenandoah
916:California
731:Conference
516:semi-dwarf
403:/Australia
389:more spicy
238:Elevation:
133:(1921) by
74:'Williams'
1691:P. pashia
1493:Bosc pear
1480:Cultivars
1027:US 56 112
1015:1977/2003
994:Reimer/US
972:1985/1997
962:Bon Rouge
953:1974/1990
897:Canal Red
834:1944/1974
764:El Dorado
758:1931/1945
680:1902/1927
661:1901/1913
601:Offspring
584:more tart
524:red blush
452:MacKelvie
443:Moritz/US
99:, or the
1822:Category
1508:Concorde
1091:Concorde
981:Bartlett
959:Rosemary
943:Bartlett
881:Bartlett
843:Bartlett
840:Highland
824:Bartlett
805:Bartlett
786:Bartlett
767:Bartlett
748:Bartlett
727:Bartlett
708:Bartlett
689:Bartlett
670:Bartlett
651:Bartlett
581:standard
575:Bartlett
548:standard
543:Bartlett
540:Cinnamon
511:Bartlett
483:Bartlett
455:standard
449:Bartlett
317:Assignee
243:Habitat:
210:Flowers:
105:cultivar
70:Cultivar
1832:Commons
1599:Species
1518:D'Anjou
965:Forelle
903:Forelle
858:England
818:England
721:England
627:Parent
551:sweeter
458:sweeter
351:/Canada
332:Texture
280:canning
268:d'Anjou
235:margin.
232:Leaves:
205:Height:
121:History
56:Species
1202:
1113:, and
1078:2007/?
1062:Prem1P
1040:Prem2P
1004:Comice
997:Reimer
937:Canada
934:1965/?
923:Comice
891:?/1974
884:Coscia
847:Comice
815:?/1974
802:Aurora
796:?/1964
789:Coscia
745:Gorham
739:?/1923
718:1920/?
589:russet
556:russet
392:firmer
327:Flavor
257:Brandy
214:corymb
79:Origin
1794:Perry
1471:Pyrus
1298:Pyrus
1128:Notes
875:Italy
780:Italy
461:finer
425:Eller
337:Color
322:Habit
48:Pyrus
42:Genus
1591:Pear
1282:2024
1200:ISBN
1176:2024
1109:, a
821:Beth
777:1956
642:1896
519:good
419:1942
400:1940
374:1924
348:1908
297:Date
272:Bosc
270:and
197:Tree
91:The
1228:doi
872:?/?
855:?/?
699:?/?
464:red
422:/US
1861::
1392:^
1380:^
1339:^
1327:^
1307:^
1268:.
1255:^
1246:.
1222:.
1184:^
1145:^
742:US
1462:e
1455:t
1448:v
1431:.
1296:"
1284:.
1230::
1208:.
1178:.
770:?
621:'
224:)
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