543:
798:
841:
94:
461:
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3994:
849:
6082:
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1282:
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byproducts for its own use. In 2012, PI&D demanded arbitration in London, alleging that
Nigeria had not supplied the agreed quantity of gas or to construct the infrastructure it had agreed to build. The arbitral tribunal awarded damages of more than ÂŁ4.8 billion. The compensation was valued ÂŁ8.15 billion with interest when the case was heard in London High Court in December 2022.
35:
4114:
881:
1012:
second quarter of 2021 (2021/Q2) stands at 7,771 MW with a total of one hundred and forty-two (142) turbine units. The total amount of energy generated during the 2021/Q2 was 8,909.9 GWh at a daily average of 97.80 GW from sixty-five (65) generating turbine units. During the 2021/Q2 period, twenty-five (25) power plants have an active load factor.
828:, whose construction and installation started on October 15, 2011. A number of major industrial users utilize this gas in captive power plants such as Guinness's Ogba and Benin breweries. It has become a cleaner and cheaper source of energy in the manufacturing sector particularly in southern Nigeria (Lagos, Rivers, Edo, cross river).
713:âhave been reluctant to publicly criticize Nigeria's human rights record. In 2010 the UK increased funding to ÂŁ140 million in aid to Nigeria, including security sector aid, without demanding accountability for Nigerian officials and members of the security forces implicated in corrupt practices and serious human rights abuses.
2744:
1176:(NCDC), the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) and State Governments, proposed a response to supply reliable electricity to a prioritized cohort of 100 isolation and treatment centres and 400 Primary Health Centres (PHC) by accelerating funds under the Nigeria Electrification Project.
1208:, a renewable energy company, founded in 2016 has also contributed to the Nigeria's solar energy landscape using its WiGo mobile application which allow users to purchse prepaid solar electricity for their homes by themselves with ease. The company aim to provide Nigerians with simplified solar solutions.
1150:
Nigeria has secured financial support from
Chinese lenders to start construction on their hydroelectric plant in Mambilla. The idea to create this project was originally proposed in 1972 and is finally ready to be put into action over 45 years later. Chinese lenders are providing 85% of the total 5.8
1108:
and Kano) now power their street lighting with solar energy through state beautification projects. Low Energy
Designs, a firm from the United Kingdom, was contracted to build solar powered street lights across Nigeria. This twelve-month project is expected to cover about 300 km and cost about 7
1029:
NIPP, Ihovbor NIPP, Omotosho NIPP, Geregu NIPP, Sapele, Alaoji NIPP, Rivers IPP, Omoku, Omotosho Gas, Olorunsogo Gas, Afam VI, Odukpani NIPP, Trans Amadi, Egbin, Jebba, Afam IV-V, Delta, Geregu Gas, Okpai, Azura-Edo, Dadin Kowa, Paras Energy. The non-operational plants during this period are; A.E.S,
959:
to develop plans for up to 4,000 MWe of nuclear capacity by 2027 according to the
National Program for the Deployment of Nuclear Power for Generation of Electricity. Nigeria hoped to begin construction in 2011 and start nuclear power production in 2017â2020. On 27 July 2007 Nigeria's President
876:
to the country. Nigeria's hydropower total installed capacity is 12,522 Megawatts (this excludes off-grid generation which is 2,062 Megawatts). Total exploitable potential of hydropower is estimated at over 14,120 MW, which amounts to more than 50,800 GWh of electricity annually. Nearly 85 per cent
200:
and the government is targeting 90% electrification rate by 2030. Also, primary energy resources dominate the nation's industrial raw material endowment." There was a need for the country to scale up sustainable investment due to the destabilization of oil prices as a result of geopolitical risks
1199:
of 2200 kWh/m^2, while the southern part has 1800 kWh/m^2. In addition to adequate power outputs, solar energy would aid the country in reducing carbon emissions from fossil-fueled energy generation. Furthermore, solar power would provide a reliable and stable source of energy in both urban and
637:
Pollution and environmental damage of the oil industry has a serious impact on people living in the Niger Delta. The environment laws are poorly enforced. Government agencies responsible for enforcement were ineffective and, in some cases, compromised by conflicts of interest. Communities in the
1011:
but is still under construction. Eleven (11) of the twenty-eight power stations are privatized legacy power plants, eight (8) are
Nigerian National Integrated Power Projects (NIPP) plants, and nine (9) are Independent Power Plants (IPP). Together the available capacity of these plants as of the
788:
reserve of 379,194,640 tons. She is ranked 44th in position of the world's total reserve of 1,139,471 million tons (MMst); with proven reserves equivalent to 1,961.4 times its annual consumption. This implies
Nigeria has about 1,961 years of Coal left at current consumption levels and excluding
1089:(REMP), which suggests ideas for renewable energy policies, as well as possible technologies that can be used to fulfill their goals. They are targeting to expand their energy access to 90 percent of the population by 2030 and 30 percent of their total generation to be from renewable sources.
831:
Process and
Industrial Developments Ltd (P&ID) entered into a 20-year contract with the Nigerian government for natural gas supply and processing. Nigeria provided the gas, which PI&D refined so that it could be used to power the Nigerian electrical grid. PI&D could keep valuable
593:(UNEP) assessment in August 2011, oil contamination is widespread in the Ogoniland and oil spillage still continues even in the old oil field areas. The Ogoni people live with this pollution every day. As Ogoniland has high rainfall, delay in the cleaning of the oil spills leads to spread
1058:
Nigeria may suffer a deterioration of its position in international affairs if the global transition to renewable energy is completed and international demand for its petroleum resources ceases. It is ranked 149 out of 156 countries in the index of
Geopolitical Gains and Losses after
1163:
communities across the country through renewable power sources. NEP is being implemented by the Rural
Electrification Agency (REA) in collaboration with the World Bank, AfDB, and other partners. The milestone reached by the initiative came through with the immense contribution of
657:
Representatives of Anglo-Dutch oil giant Shell are appearing in a Dutch civil court to face accusations of polluting
Nigerian villages in 2012. The UNEP report (2011) concludes that pollution of soil by petroleum hydrocarbons in Ogoniland is extensive inland areas,
1030:
Gbarain NIPP, and Egbin ST6. The individual contribution of the power plants to the energy output during the 2021/Q2 from nine (9) of the twenty-four (24) operational power plants accounted for 80.86% of the total energy. Due to its capacity and availability,
1151:
billion dollar project and Nigerian government will provide the rest of the funding. The 3,050 megawatt power plant is expected to take five years to build. The project will create four dams that measure about 50 meters in width and 150 meters in height.
190:
According to BMC, "Nigeria is Africa's energy giant. It is the continent's most prolific oil-producing country, which, along with Libya, accounts for two-thirds of Africa's crude oil reserves. It ranks second to Algeria in natural gas. Most of Africa's
1216:
Wind turbine generation is another developing energy source in Nigeria. Wind speeds in Nigeria typically range from 2â9.5 m/s. With such low wind speeds, investments and interest in wind energy have not been as high as solar power. However,
480:. This acted as a milestone for the production of oil and gas in Nigeria and the emergence of the country as a top oil & gas producer globally. In 2022, Nigeria was still Africa's biggest oil producer and one of the largest in the world.
1054:
are gradually increasing with the discovering of their high potentials and benefits for Nigeria's environment and society. Much of this growth has come from off-grid solar installations, the market for which grows at around 22% a year.
195:
and lignite reserves are found in Nigeria. In its mix of conventional energy reserves, Nigeria is simply unmatched by any other country on the African continent. It is not surprising therefore that energy export is the mainstay of the
1147:. Training is carried out by Nigeria's premier power systems trainer National Power Training Institute of Nigeria and other power trainers including the various energy research centers run by the Energy Commission of Nigeria.
1194:
Nigeria's climate, resources, and economic and societal conditions made solar energy a suitable alternative energy source. The Northern part of Nigeria has the highest potential for solar. The North has an average solar
971:
to collaborate on the design, construction and operation of four nuclear power plants by 2035, the first of which will be in operation by 2025. In June 2015, Nigeria selected two sites for the planned construction of the
86:
601:
are extensive. The wetlands around Ogoniland are highly degraded and facing disintegration. Fishermen must move to less contaminated areas in search of fish. The current Ogoniland community has lived with chronic
5609:
1020:
power plant had the lowest load factor. Load factor is the amount of energy generated relative to the available capacity in a given period. The plants with active load factor during the 2021/Q2 include; Kainji,
1171:
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the Rural Electrification Agency sought to improve healthcare service delivery via the deployment of off-grid solar systems under the project. The REA in partnership with the
4774:
2943:
1159:
Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP) is a Federal Government initiative that is private sector driven and seeks to provide electricity access to households, micro, small and medium enterprises in
171:
in Africa. Its production in 2022 averaged 1.2 million barrels of oil per day (bopd), and 300 barrels per day (bpd) of condensate, making it the biggest oil producer on the continent. Nigeria has
4019:
Mas'Ud, Abdullahi Abubakar; Wirba, Asan Vernyuy; Ardila-Rey, Jorge Alfredo; AlbarracĂn, Ricardo; Muhammad-Sukki, Firdaus; Jaramillo Duque, Ălvaro; Bani, Nurul Aini; Munir, Abu Bakar (2017).
1908:
1136:
1124:, private donors, government agencies, financial institutions and non-governmental organizations. The goal of the project was to build connections to 2.5 MW of power through off-grid and
2801:
5634:
5618:
5602:
1221:
could be advantageous to rural and agricultural areas. Wind power would also be beneficial in the Southeast with wind power potentials higher than 4 m/s, and in the North where
3197:
2140:
1200:
other locations and could alleviate the resources-conflict associated with oil. In December 2020, the Federal Government of Nigeria partnered with an indigenous solar company,
705:
Because of Nigeria's role as a regional power, leading oil exporter, and major contributor of troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions, foreign governmentsâincluding the
1187:
has been utilized for decades in processes for cooking, food preservation, and agriculture. In 2016, President Buhari inaugurated the country's first solar power plant in
5595:
1121:
1117:
184:
3225:
Aliyu, Abubakar Kabir; Modu, Babangida; Tan, Chee Wei (January 2018). "A review of renewable energy development in Africa: A focus in South Africa, Egypt and Nigeria".
2594:
1667:
2075:
2049:
1003:
There are two forms of power stations in Nigeria and they are; hydro and Gas. There are currently twenty-eight (28) grid-connected power stations in Nigeria. Egbin
1077:
Nigeria is only able to supply power to half of its population of 198 million. Currently, Nigeria generates a small amount of energy from renewable sources such as
5268:
1764:
3972:
3624:
4779:
583:
964:
has urged the country to embrace nuclear power in order to meet its growing energy needs. Construction has not begun but plans have not been canceled by 2016.
3778:
2935:
522:
Such divestments by IOCs have allowed the rise of several Nigerian Exploration and Production (E&P) companies who are now well-established players in the
1958:
976:
Neither the Nigerian government nor Rosatom would disclose the specific locations of the sites, but it is believed that the nuclear plants will be sited in
5832:
1689:
1678:
1882:
1113:
has lent Nigeria about 350 million to build a solar power grid by 2023 that will help generate power for hospitals, rural areas, schools and households.
685:
280,000 barrels of oil were estimated spilled in 2008 in two leaks in the Bodo region in the Ogoni district in 2008. Bodo is at the epicenter of several
2624:
4846:
3598:
519:
pipeline systems have steadily pushed IOCs out of onshore areas, leaving place for Nigerian independents to take over critical oil & gas assets.
5069:
4146:
3268:
Aliyu, Abubakar Sadiq; Dada, Joseph O.; Adam, Ibrahim Khalil (1 August 2015). "Current status and future prospects of renewable energy in Nigeria".
1711:
1125:
931:
until date. Presently, findings have shown that the deposit size and potential of uranium in Nigeria are still not sufficient to encourage resource
2858:
1700:
1229:
implementation. However, with insufficient data and its status as a relatively new technology, development overall has been slow and challenging.
4396:
4891:
2965:
1129:
3543:
5943:
5792:
5779:
5190:
4851:
4560:
606:
throughout their lives. Of most immediate concern in December 2011, community members at Nisisioken Ogale are drinking water contaminated with
5990:
1722:
1225:
reach up to 6 m/s at a 10 hub height. Initiatives such as Nigeria's National Renewable Energy Plan are beginning to set forth goals in
6075:
6016:
6011:
4791:
4555:
3829:
3492:
2328:
1310:
1086:
1072:
590:
2769:
5857:
5747:
4528:
4381:
1022:
575:
4298:
2290:
825:
45:
5114:
2481:
1173:
956:
1744:
1733:
5498:
5022:
4769:
4543:
4416:
4159:
3907:
1295:
1237:
Energy in Nigeria has foster economic growth, poverty eradication, boost security.it can also support the provision of basic needs,
1140:
889:
70:
2036:
780:
In the past, coal was the major source of energy for the country as it was used to power electricity plants. It was also used for
5669:
4448:
4323:
3312:
2909:
6021:
5687:
1820:
750:
579:
3752:
1909:"SPECIAL REPORT: Disappointment, anger in Ogoniland over Nigerian govt's delay to clean up oil spills | Premium Times Nigeria"
638:
Niger Delta frequently had no access to vital information about the impact of the oil industry on their lives. On 1 May 2010,
5975:
5847:
5722:
5692:
5664:
4897:
4293:
5253:
2602:
1664:
1557:
1096:, Nigeria has the potential to generate most of its energy through solar. Most of the big cities in Nigeria (Lagos, Abuja,
6042:
6006:
5842:
5742:
5717:
4875:
4734:
4714:
4709:
4663:
4501:
4411:
4391:
4313:
4308:
3721:
3384:
3062:
3036:
1320:
1204:, which at that time has brought in foreign investments worth over $ 9 million to boost solar electrification in Nigeria.
571:
5273:
1191:. As of December 2017, Nigeria's federal government has invested $ 20 million on solar projects throughout the country.
6057:
5980:
5948:
5867:
5757:
5737:
5727:
5644:
5078:
4796:
4759:
4723:
4538:
4523:
4506:
4479:
4283:
4139:
2234:
2014:
1987:
4118:
2511:
2260:
2103:"Environmental Degradation in Oil Producing Areas of Niger Delta Region, Nigeria: the Need for Sustainable Development"
1772:
5938:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5827:
5817:
5807:
5802:
5787:
5762:
5659:
5654:
5288:
4902:
4826:
4687:
4630:
4401:
4376:
4062:
Ndukwu, M. C.; Onwude, D. I.; Bennamoun, L.; Abam, F. I.; Simo-Tagne, M.; Horsfall, I. T.; Briggs, T.A. (4 May 2021).
3882:
3441:
3440:
Commercial; Iheonye, Energy Law Practice-Ini; Nwosu, Isochukwu; Aye, Israel; McAbraham-Inajoh, Lord (11 August 2021).
3089:
1751:
1325:
1035:
1031:
631:
5413:
2405:
179:
of about 206 Tcf, ranking 10th and 8th in the world, respectively, and giving it plenty of room to further grow its
6106:
6047:
6026:
5985:
5970:
5933:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5877:
5862:
5822:
5812:
5752:
5702:
5697:
5626:
5183:
4976:
4640:
4426:
1330:
753:. It could be used as fuel for electricity, in the production of cement, it is also used as fuel for extraction of
110:
5524:
5062:
1082:
542:
6052:
5872:
5852:
5837:
5732:
5712:
5707:
5649:
5639:
4907:
4729:
4577:
4565:
4386:
3696:
1955:
1406:
1120:
project, which supplies about 261,938 citizens with clean renewable energy. This project was in partnership with
774:
5571:
5567:
3855:
3803:
3517:
2625:"Nigerian government mired in corruption tries to stop ÂŁ8.15 billion gas contract compenstation â Court News UK"
1686:
1675:
5679:
4584:
4345:
4333:
4288:
3414:
2193:
1253:
806:
809:(AG) and Non-Associated Gas (NAG) were discovered onshore and offshore, leading to the exportation of gas as
797:
5047:
2556:
689:
that collect oil from nearly 100 wells. Nearly 80% of people in Bodo were fishermen dependent on clean water.
507:, have invested in Nigeria for decades and remain the biggest producing companies in the country, especially
6085:
5563:
5328:
5055:
4996:
4941:
4836:
4821:
4749:
4719:
4658:
4620:
4511:
4491:
4474:
4340:
4318:
4132:
3115:
1315:
988:
952:
114:
5443:
5263:
3908:"WiSolar To Power One Million Homes With On-demand Solar Energy In Nigeria â Independent Newspaper Nigeria"
2532:
2156:
634:. Nigerian government reports more than 7,000 spills between 1970 and 2000 and 2,000 major spillage sites.
5438:
5428:
5313:
5233:
5096:
4784:
4615:
4610:
4516:
877:
of hydropower is yet to be developed, and this provides solutions in addressing existing power shortages.
682:
produces around 200,000 barrels a day. The spill was among the worst off the coast of Nigeria in 10 years.
516:
5378:
1883:"UNEP Ogoniland Oil Assessment Reveals Extent of Environmental Contamination and Threats to Human Health"
1708:
1034:
power plant accounted for the largest share i.e. 17.89% of the total energy output followed by Okpai and
5928:
5333:
5298:
5176:
4931:
4739:
4704:
4625:
4533:
2153:
2134:
1697:
1300:
1004:
892:
hydropower plant has an installed capacity of 578.4MW which is located on the Niger river; also has six
810:
5554:
5541:
5532:
5156:
1956:
UNEP Ogoniland Oil Assessment Reveals Extent of Environmental Contamination and Threats to Human Health
1241:, and transportation. It is also useful in industries such as agriculture, commerce, manufacturing and
3929:
Adaramola, M.S.; Oyewola, O.M. (1 May 2011). "On wind speed pattern and energy potential in Nigeria".
1845:
1583:
1135:
The Nigerian Energy Support Programme was developed in conjunction with the German development agency
5528:
5503:
5423:
5388:
5373:
5358:
5248:
4806:
4764:
4673:
4653:
4572:
4496:
4359:
3938:
3277:
3234:
3153:
3140:
Overland, Indra; Bazilian, Morgan; Ilimbek Uulu, Talgat; Vakulchuk, Roman; Westphal, Kirsten (2019).
2659:
2307:
1620:
1473:
1418:
1184:
1144:
984:
State, in the central northern part of the country. Both sites are planned to house two plants each.
686:
180:
5458:
3544:"Work on 3050 Megawatts Mambilla Power Plant starts early 2019 - Presidency - Vanguard News Nigeria"
2883:
5108:
4981:
4961:
4831:
4811:
4699:
4462:
4443:
1988:"Shell oil spills in the Niger delta: 'Nowhere and no one has escaped' | Oil spills | The Guardian"
1305:
973:
496:
6081:
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5243:
5228:
5015:
4991:
4923:
4841:
4816:
4668:
4598:
4486:
4328:
4233:
4167:
4091:
3362:
3337:
Ojo, Godwin Uyi (16 July 2013). "Prospects of localism in community energy projects in Nigeria".
2719:"Power Africa in Nigeria | Fact Sheet | Power Africa | U.S. Agency for International Development"
2284:
1719:
1646:
197:
140:
4064:"Nigeria's Energy deficit: The challenges and Eco- friendly approach in reducing the energy gap"
2379:
995:
reactor design was also proposed by Transcorp Energy as a way to improve access to electricity.
2431:
1930:
5550:
5463:
5433:
5418:
5393:
5383:
5348:
5343:
5293:
5238:
5213:
5120:
4985:
4956:
4936:
4887:
4801:
4754:
4083:
3954:
3354:
3293:
3250:
2831:
2675:
2122:
1638:
1489:
1442:
1434:
1060:
961:
936:
908:
594:
508:
473:
202:
3674:
2287:
5797:
5587:
5473:
5468:
5408:
5363:
5323:
5218:
5199:
5150:
5132:
5031:
4971:
4966:
4946:
4861:
4856:
4744:
4303:
4260:
4198:
4075:
4042:
4032:
3946:
3625:"An update on the Nigerian Electrification Project: electrifying Nigeria's most underserved"
3346:
3285:
3242:
3171:
3161:
2667:
2180:
2114:
2102:
1974:
1869:
1628:
1481:
1426:
1017:
1007:
has been the largest Gas plant, while the Mambilla power plant is the biggest hydroelectric
948:
907:
exploration in Nigeria, started in 1973 and has been recorded in six States, which include:
857:
152:
3883:"WiSolar launches "WiGo" hybrid prepaid solar electricity app for Nigeria and South Africa"
3670:
2489:
5448:
5398:
5353:
5338:
5318:
5308:
5283:
5223:
5144:
5138:
4951:
4548:
4371:
4223:
4193:
3649:
2294:
1962:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1715:
1704:
1693:
1685:+ 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria,
1682:
1671:
840:
2985:
1507:
3942:
3281:
3238:
3157:
2663:
1624:
1477:
1422:
630:
is one of the most polluted regions in the world. More oil is spilled each year than in
5368:
5258:
5126:
5090:
5036:
4645:
4218:
4208:
3010:
2970:
1794:
1273:
1013:
710:
534:, First E&P, ND Western, Neconde Energy, First Hydrocarbons Nigeria and many more.
460:
98:
2693:
2647:
1353:
93:
6100:
4265:
4228:
4095:
3366:
2671:
1389:
1287:
1238:
1101:
1008:
920:
912:
821:
706:
671:
567:
488:
477:
17:
1650:
4203:
2456:
2220:
2168:
2023:
1532:
1226:
1160:
1105:
924:
916:
848:
551:
176:
172:
126:
125:, which accounted for 73.5% of total primary consumption in 2018. The rest is from
4079:
3570:
777:
established in 1950 is the agency in charge of coal mining activities in Nigeria.
3350:
1165:
805:
Since gas well drilling started in Nigeria in the 1950s, significant reserves of
4436:
4431:
4421:
4406:
4063:
3950:
2354:
1047:
928:
865:
861:
770:
762:
722:
699:
679:
627:
555:
523:
512:
168:
163:
are major energy resources in Nigeria and the country remains a top producer of
156:
144:
3289:
3246:
4213:
3166:
3141:
3088:
Benchmac; Ufondu, Ince-Ifeyinwa; Ibeku, Ike C.; Obetta, Felix (3 April 2019).
1485:
1430:
1263:
1222:
1218:
1196:
1110:
1097:
1078:
1051:
1026:
873:
781:
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643:
611:
492:
160:
130:
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3958:
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3358:
3297:
3254:
2679:
2126:
1642:
1493:
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power plants which accounted for 9.37%, and 9.14% energy share respectively.
824:. The gas originates in the Niger Delta area before it is injecting into the
725:
and the remnant affected by prehistoric vegetation originally accumulated in
4270:
2809:
2718:
2076:"'This place used to be green': the brutal impact of oil in the Niger Delta"
2050:"'This place used to be green': the brutal impact of oil in the Niger Delta"
1461:
1281:
977:
869:
675:
651:
639:
603:
598:
563:
484:
164:
3722:"FG, states, others invest $ 20bn in new 20 solar projects - Vanguard News"
2512:"ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA â Triax Marine and Enegry Limited"
1633:
1608:
4113:
4021:"Wind Power Potentials in Cameroon and Nigeria: Lessons from South Africa"
3650:"The Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP) â Rural Electrification Agency"
816:
Gas in Nigeria is supplied to a variety of industrial users in and around
3176:
3142:"The GeGaLo index: Geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition"
932:
758:
746:
738:
659:
586:(MOSOP). MOSOP is campaigning for the expulsion of Shell from Ogoniland.
469:
3804:"Fed Govt, Arnergy partner to boost solar energy - The Nation Newspaper"
4248:
4155:
4037:
4020:
2235:"Shell oil spills in the Niger delta: 'Nowhere and no one has escaped'"
2118:
1249:
1205:
1201:
1093:
992:
968:
904:
893:
880:
607:
559:
504:
192:
118:
106:
4047:
3973:"Nigerian universities to sport Africa's largest solar hybrid project"
1446:
582:
since the 1950s. The Ogoni campaign against Shell Oil was led by the
4238:
2329:"Coal Deposits in Nigeria, West Africa with their Locations and Uses"
2015:"Shell oil spills in the Niger delta: 'Nowhere and no one has escaped
1242:
1188:
742:
734:
531:
5168:
4124:
2595:"Case of the Day: Process & Industrial Developments v. Nigeria"
2218:"Nigeria on alert as Shell announces worst oil spill in a decade",
1143:. This involves training programs for Renewable energy systems and
4243:
1016:
hydropower plant had the highest load factor of 94.36%, while the
879:
872:
Basin inclusive are the country's major water resources providing
847:
839:
817:
796:
726:
647:
541:
527:
459:
122:
92:
85:
84:
44:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
3830:"Electrifying Nigeria: could solar power one million households?"
3779:"Nigeria announces new energy access project 'Solar Power Naija'"
2194:"Nigeria on alert as Shell announces worst oil spill in a decade"
597:
in the farmlands. Oil contamination of land areas, sediments and
4253:
3198:"Oil-rich Nigeria turns to renewable energy as population booms"
2107:
AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology
1609:"Energy and sustainable development in Nigeria: the way forward"
981:
785:
754:
148:
136:
5591:
5172:
5051:
4128:
3671:"Solar companies in Nigeria develops local communities in 2020"
2936:"Nigeria signs Rosatom agreements to build nuclear power plant"
3011:"38 power stations in Nigeria, Locations and their capacities"
1872:
UNEP 4 Aug 2011 Full report 2011 (9.7 MB pdf) Pages 24-25, 39,
1168:. The companies were awarded projects and it was carried out.
730:
615:
500:
28:
3599:"Nigeria to Start Building $ 5.8 Billion Power Plant in 2018"
2966:"Transcorp Energy Plans Nigeria's First Nuclear Power Plants"
967:
In April 2015, Nigeria began talks with Russia's state-owned
3697:"Buhari inaugurates Nigeria's first solar power plant in UI"
3442:"Spotlight: renewable energy project development in Nigeria"
2770:"Nigeria's Jebba Hydropower Plant To Undergo Rehabilitation"
2037:
agony dwarfs the Gulf oil spill. The US and Europe ignore it
1462:"History of Energy Sources and Their-Utilization in Nigeria"
1407:"History of energy sources and their utilization in Nigeria"
1391:
A Review of Nigerian Energy Policy Implementation and Impact
1376:
A Review of Nigerian Energy Policy Implementation and Impact
987:
In 2017, agreements were signed for the construction of the
813:(LNG) and its monetization in-country for power generation.
765:
where it was first discovered. Coal mines are also found in
3571:"Nigeria: Mambilla Power Project Gets $ 5.79bn for Takeoff"
3522:
International Center for Energy Environment and Development
2859:"Nigeria Is in Talks With Rosatom for Nuclear Power Plants"
1558:"Top 10 African Countries Sitting on the Most Natural Gas"
3497:
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
2533:"Panocean Oil Nigeria Limited | Amukpe-Excravos Pipeline"
1256:
hence it is suitable for cooking and use as fertilizer
1137:
Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂŒr Internationale Zusammenarbeit
761:. The production of coal started in Nigeria in 1902 in
187:(OPEC) and is frequently subject to production quotas.
52:
2832:"Nigerian president says country needs nuclear energy"
442:
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses
3415:"USAID completes renewable energy project in Nigeria"
3385:"10,000 LED Street lights to be installed in Nigeria"
2261:"Toxic smoke and no jobs in the oil-rich Niger Delta"
3518:"NAPTIN, 10 Others to Benefit from âŹ24.5m NESP Fund"
2910:"Nigeria selects two sites for nuclear power plants"
6035:
5999:
5963:
5886:
5778:
5771:
5678:
5625:
5512:
5487:
5206:
4922:
4870:
4686:
4597:
4461:
4358:
4175:
4166:
2169:
Nigeria oil spills: Dutch case against Shell begins
3856:"Top 10 Fastest Growing Solar Companies in Africa"
3808:Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics
2888:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
2410:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
1118:Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership
2139:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1512:Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission
185:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
4068:International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
3313:"Nigeria trialling solar street lights in Lagos"
642:from a leaking oil from an offshore platform of
2406:"'Coal reserves can generate 53,900MW by 2030'"
1931:"A journey through the oil spills of Ogoniland"
1067:Current and future projects in renewable energy
646:'s Qua Iboe oilfield reached the shores of the
530:(Owned by Adewale Tinubu), Amni International,
2557:Guinness, Ogba Combined Heat & Power Plant
2486:Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Programme
1977:UNEP 4 Aug 2011, Full report 2011 (9.7 MB pdf)
448:calculation criteria changed, numbers updated
55:to make improvements to the overall structure.
5603:
5184:
5063:
4140:
1754:October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
1602:
1600:
584:Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
8:
511:. However, heavy security challenges in the
117:. Most of the energy comes from traditional
2010:
2008:
1663:IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics
546:Forcados Offshore Nigeria, Shell Oil Field.
183:. However, Nigeria is also a member of the
5775:
5610:
5596:
5588:
5191:
5177:
5169:
5070:
5056:
5048:
4867:
4692:
4603:
4467:
4364:
4172:
4147:
4133:
4125:
860:including large rivers and natural falls.
566:oil facilities are operated mainly by the
5619:Renewable energy by country and territory
4046:
4036:
3175:
3165:
2646:Sharma, V. C.; Sharma, A. (1 June 1981).
1632:
1607:Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka (23 July 2012).
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
3270:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
3227:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2432:"Coal Reserves by Country - Worldometer"
1819:Environment, U. N. (21 September 2017).
1795:"OPEC : Historical Production Data"
1460:OGUNSOLA, OLAYINKA I. (1 January 1990).
1356:. U.S. Energy Information Administration
1116:In February 2018, Nigeria completed the
1092:Due to its geographic location near the
1081:, solar, wind and biomass. In 2005, the
947:Since 2004 Nigeria has a Chinese-origin
896:with a capacity of 96.4MW respectively.
483:International Oil Companies (IOCs) like
212:
2648:"Development of hydro-power in Nigeria"
2353:NorthWindProject.com (8 January 2006).
1342:
1248:One of the product of Nigerian energy,
1109:million U.S. dollars. In addition, the
568:Shell Petroleum Development Corporation
515:coupled with persistent crude theft on
3468:"Nigerian Energy Support Programme II"
3191:
3189:
3187:
3116:"Nigerians benefit from Chinese solar"
2380:"NIGERIA: THE MAGIC OF SMOKELESS COAL"
2308:"COAL: Origin, types, mining and uses"
2132:
1348:
1346:
1132:emissions by 4.5 million metric tons.
784:that made use of coal. Nigeria has a
674:announced 40,000 barrels of the crude
3747:
3745:
3743:
3593:
3591:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3378:
3376:
3220:
3218:
2884:"Advancing nuclear energy in Nigeria"
2181:Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland
1975:Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland
1870:Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland
826:Escravos-Lagos Pipeline System (ELPS)
7:
3777:Bungane, Babalwa (7 December 2020).
3114:Charles, Krista (20 November 2023).
2946:from the original on 1 November 2017
1311:Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan
1073:Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan
955:, and has sought the support of the
614:, at level over 900 times above the
591:United Nations Environment Programme
3753:"Renewable Energy Potential â RECP"
3493:"Expanding the use of solar energy"
2802:"Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries"
980:State, in South-South Nigeria, and
576:Nigerian National Petroleum Company
4892:Herderâfarmer conflicts in Nigeria
3881:Modise, Ephraim (25 August 2022).
2359:Bureau of Public Enterprises - BPE
1935:Friends of the Earth International
1613:Energy, Sustainability and Society
1405:Ogunsola, O. I. (1 January 1990).
1174:Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
957:International Atomic Energy Agency
472:in Nigeria was drilled in 1958 in
25:
3569:Wakili, Isiaka (31 August 2017).
1296:List of power stations in Nigeria
1141:International Finance Corporation
856:The country, Nigeria, is rich in
6080:
6071:
6070:
5635:Democratic Republic of the Congo
5499:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
5269:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4112:
3311:Gordon, Philip (23 March 2020).
3063:"NERC Quarterly Reports 2021 Q2"
3037:"NERC Quarterly Reports 2021 Q2"
2857:Burite, Joseph (14 April 2015).
1411:Energy Sources (New York); (USA)
1280:
1266:
175:of about 37 billion barrels and
33:
3383:Andiva, Yvonne (7 March 2018).
1825:UNEP - UN Environment Programme
1676:2014 (2012R as in November 2015
2593:Folkman, Ted (14 March 2022).
2121:(inactive 18 September 2024).
1508:"Oil Production Status Report"
558:in the southeastern region of
1:
5081:and primary energy 2008 (TWh)
4888:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
4847:Sustainable Development Goals
4080:10.1080/19397038.2020.1842546
3090:"Renewable Energy in Nigeria"
1321:Petroleum industry in Nigeria
1155:Rural electrification project
678:in Nigeria in December 2011.
5079:Energy in the OPEC countries
3757:www.africa-eu-renewables.org
3351:10.1080/13549839.2013.818948
2808:. April 2009. Archived from
2788:URANIUM POTENTIAL IN NIGERIA
2672:10.1016/0360-5442(81)90052-9
1584:"Energy Sector â GET.invest"
1087:Renewable Energy Master Plan
1083:Energy Commission of Nigeria
4852:Water supply and sanitation
3951:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.016
2355:"Nigerian Coal Corporation"
1533:"OPEC : Brief History"
1326:Renewable energy by country
1128:sources, which will reduce
526:, including Seplat Energy,
6123:
3389:Construction Review Online
3317:Smart Energy International
3290:10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.098
3247:10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.055
2537:www.panoceanoilnigeria.com
1331:Renewable Energy Programme
1166:solar companies in Nigeria
1070:
632:the Gulf of Mexico in 2010
417:
394:
371:
348:
325:
302:
279:
256:
111:primary energy consumption
6066:
5086:
5009:
4792:Female genital mutilation
4695:
4606:
4502:Federal Executive Council
4470:
4367:
4279:
3167:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100406
2806:World Nuclear Association
1486:10.1080/00908319008960198
1431:10.1080/00908319008960198
775:Nigerian Coal corporation
554:live historically in the
440:
5254:Central African Republic
4544:House of Representatives
4475:Administrative divisions
1961:14 December 2011 at the
1692:2 September 2014 at the
1394:. April 2019. p. 5.
1378:. April 2019. p. 3.
1354:"Nigeria Energy Outlook"
3146:Energy Strategy Reviews
2482:"Historical Background"
2293:13 October 2012 at the
1747:12 October 2009 at the
1725:11 October 2010 at the
1714:27 October 2011 at the
1316:Oil megaprojects (2011)
989:Itu nuclear power plant
953:Ahmadu Bello University
4785:Oodua Peoples Congress
2101:Ugboma, P. P. (2015).
1736:7 October 2013 at the
1634:10.1186/2192-0567-2-15
1562:energycapitalpower.com
885:
853:
845:
802:
547:
465:
464:Oil and gas in Nigeria
102:
90:
5414:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
5274:Republic of the Congo
4903:Niger Delta conflicts
4449:Wildlife conservation
4324:Military dictatorship
3548:Vanguard News Nigeria
3196:Gerretsen, Isabelle.
2436:www.worldometers.info
2154:Amnesty International
1306:Niger Delta shootings
1301:Niger Delta conflicts
1071:Further information:
883:
851:
843:
800:
545:
476:which is present day
463:
181:hydrocarbons industry
96:
88:
18:Wind power in Nigeria
5115:United Arab Emirates
4397:Environmental issues
4121:at Wikimedia Commons
3015:InfoGuideNigeria.com
2774:Africa oil and power
2039:Guardian 30 May 2010
1703:9 March 2013 at the
1681:5 April 2015 at the
1670:4 March 2016 at the
1185:Solar thermal energy
622:Environmental damage
5489:States with limited
4898:Islamist insurgency
3943:2011EnPol..39.2501A
3575:Daily Trust (Abuja)
3282:2015RSERv..48..336A
3239:2018RSERv..81.2502A
3158:2019EneSR..2600406O
2942:. 30 October 2017.
2664:1981Ene.....6..475S
2171:BBC 11 October 2012
1992:amp.theguardian.com
1625:2012ESusS...2...15O
1478:1990EneSA..12..181O
1423:1990EneSA..12..181O
937:feasibility studies
789:unproven reserves.
733:. It is made up of
497:Chevron Corporation
215:
53:editing the article
4735:Child sexual abuse
4715:Capital punishment
4664:Telecommunications
4038:10.3390/en10040443
3862:. 12 November 2019
3810:. 21 December 2020
3728:. 19 December 2017
3550:. 6 September 2018
3419:www.esi-africa.com
3017:. 21 December 2017
2836:World Nuclear News
2812:on 29 October 2019
2698:www.hydropower.org
2605:on 5 December 2022
2285:Human Rights Watch
2200:. 22 December 2011
2119:10.4314/stech.v4i2
1765:"Industry History"
886:
854:
846:
811:liquid natural gas
803:
702:area is oil-rich.
548:
466:
214:Energy in Nigeria
213:
141:petroleum reserves
103:
91:
6107:Energy in Nigeria
6094:
6093:
5959:
5958:
5585:
5584:
5516:other territories
5289:Equatorial Guinea
5200:Energy in Africa
5166:
5165:
5045:
5044:
5005:
5004:
4957:List of Nigerians
4918:
4917:
4797:Gender inequality
4760:Domestic violence
4724:Girl child labour
4682:
4681:
4593:
4592:
4556:Political parties
4539:National Assembly
4524:Human trafficking
4507:Foreign relations
4457:
4456:
4354:
4353:
4119:Energy in Nigeria
4117:Media related to
3836:. 20 January 2020
3677:on 19 August 2013
3629:Energy For Growth
3605:. 30 January 2018
3339:Local Environment
2627:. 2 December 2022
2288:World Report 2011
2082:. 6 December 2019
2056:. 6 December 2019
1846:"The Ogoni Issue"
1821:"About Ogoniland"
1145:energy efficiency
1061:energy transition
858:natural resources
801:Niger Delta River
595:oil contamination
453:
452:
449:
203:energy transition
81:
80:
73:
46:layout guidelines
16:(Redirected from
6114:
6084:
6074:
6073:
6017:French Polynesia
5776:
5612:
5605:
5598:
5589:
5577:
5576:(United Kingdom)
5572:Tristan da Cunha
5568:Ascension Island
5560:
5547:
5538:
5514:Dependencies and
5207:Sovereign states
5193:
5186:
5179:
5170:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5049:
5025:
5018:
4868:
4693:
4649:
4631:Economic history
4604:
4468:
4365:
4314:Southern Nigeria
4309:Northern Nigeria
4304:Colonial Nigeria
4173:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4126:
4116:
4100:
4099:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4040:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3937:(5): 2501â2506.
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3834:Power Technology
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3749:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3701:Punch Newspapers
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3673:. Archived from
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3411:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3193:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3169:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2601:. Archived from
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2573:www.shell.com.ng
2565:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2488:. Archived from
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2386:. 2 January 2019
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2304:
2298:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2130:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2018:
2012:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1965:UNEP 4 Aug 2011,
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1850:www.shell.com.ng
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1771:. Archived from
1761:
1755:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1636:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1046:Developments in
1042:Renewable energy
949:research reactor
441:
216:
198:Nigerian economy
153:hydroelectricity
76:
69:
65:
62:
56:
37:
36:
29:
21:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6062:
6031:
5995:
5955:
5882:
5767:
5674:
5621:
5616:
5586:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5558:
5545:
5536:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5492:
5490:
5483:
5202:
5197:
5167:
5162:
5082:
5076:
5046:
5041:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5001:
4977:Public holidays
4914:
4881:
4880:
4866:
4678:
4647:
4589:
4529:Law enforcement
4453:
4372:Adamawa Plateau
4350:
4346:Fourth Republic
4334:Second Republic
4275:
4187:
4186:
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3995:"IEA - Nigeria"
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3067:www.nerc.gov.ng
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3041:www.nerc.gov.ng
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2492:on 17 June 2022
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2295:Wayback Machine
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2241:. 3 August 2011
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2027:, 3 August 2011
2016:
2013:
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1889:. 7 August 2017
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1775:on 8 April 2022
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1738:Wayback Machine
1727:Wayback Machine
1716:Wayback Machine
1705:Wayback Machine
1694:Wayback Machine
1683:Wayback Machine
1672:Wayback Machine
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1254:carbon emission
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1069:
1044:
1001:
945:
902:
838:
795:
749:which makes it
719:
696:
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662:and swampland.
624:
589:According to a
540:
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251:
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237:
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227:
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211:
97:Development of
77:
66:
60:
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51:Please help by
50:
38:
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4777:
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4757:
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4732:
4730:Child marriage
4727:
4717:
4712:
4710:Baby factories
4707:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
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4679:
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4659:Stock Exchange
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4578:Vice-President
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4434:
4424:
4419:
4417:National parks
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4387:Climate change
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
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4355:
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4341:Third Republic
4338:
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4319:First Republic
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4219:Hausa kingdoms
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4144:
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4123:
4122:
4108:
4107:External links
4105:
4102:
4101:
4074:(3): 442â459.
4054:
4011:
3986:
3975:. 9 March 2021
3964:
3921:
3899:
3873:
3847:
3821:
3795:
3783:ESI-Africa.com
3769:
3739:
3713:
3688:
3662:
3641:
3616:
3587:
3561:
3535:
3524:. 27 July 2015
3509:
3484:
3458:
3432:
3401:
3372:
3345:(8): 933â946.
3329:
3303:
3260:
3214:
3183:
3132:
3120:China Dialogue
3106:
3080:
3054:
3028:
3002:
2977:
2971:Bloomberg News
2957:
2927:
2916:. 20 June 2015
2901:
2890:. 22 July 2021
2875:
2849:
2838:. 27 July 2007
2823:
2793:
2790:. p. 194.
2779:
2761:
2749:hydropower pro
2736:
2725:. 9 March 2022
2710:
2685:
2658:(6): 475â478.
2638:
2616:
2585:
2560:
2549:
2524:
2503:
2473:
2457:"Nigeria coal"
2448:
2423:
2397:
2371:
2345:
2320:
2299:
2277:
2252:
2226:
2211:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2146:
2093:
2067:
2041:
2029:
2004:
1979:
1967:
1948:
1922:
1900:
1874:
1862:
1837:
1811:
1786:
1756:
1656:
1596:
1575:
1564:. 16 July 2021
1549:
1524:
1499:
1472:(2): 181â198.
1466:Energy Sources
1452:
1417:(2): 181â198.
1397:
1381:
1367:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1277:
1274:Nigeria portal
1261:
1258:
1234:
1231:
1213:
1210:
1181:
1178:
1156:
1153:
1130:carbon dioxide
1126:grid-connected
1085:developed the
1068:
1065:
1043:
1040:
1025:, Ibom power,
1000:
999:Power stations
997:
991:. In 2021, an
974:nuclear plants
962:Umaru Yar'Adua
944:
941:
901:
900:Uranium mining
898:
837:
834:
807:Associated Gas
794:
791:
718:
715:
711:United Kingdom
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244:
239:
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226:Primary energy
224:
219:
210:
207:
113:was about 155
99:carbon dioxide
89:Map of Nigeria
79:
78:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6119:
6108:
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6087:
6083:
6079:
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6069:
6068:
6065:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
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6040:
6038:
6036:South America
6034:
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6025:
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6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
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6002:
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5991:United States
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5964:North America
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5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5329:Guinea-Bissau
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
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5113:
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4921:
4909:
4908:2016 conflict
4906:
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4790:
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4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4770:Ethnic groups
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
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4741:
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4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4585:Supreme Court
4583:
4579:
4576:
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4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
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4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:Early history
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
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4245:
4242:
4240:
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4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
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4210:
4207:
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4200:
4197:
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4189:
4182:
4179:
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4165:
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4157:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4138:
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4131:
4130:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4097:
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4065:
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4049:
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4039:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4012:
4000:
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3990:
3987:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3931:Energy Policy
3925:
3922:
3910:. 22 May 2023
3909:
3903:
3900:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3874:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3770:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3727:
3726:Vanguard News
3723:
3717:
3714:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3604:
3603:Bloomberg.com
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3576:
3572:
3565:
3562:
3549:
3545:
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3536:
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3416:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3233:: 2502â2518.
3232:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3177:11250/2634876
3173:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2864:
2863:Bloomberg.com
2860:
2853:
2850:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2724:
2723:www.usaid.gov
2720:
2714:
2711:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2574:
2570:
2569:"Natural gas"
2564:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2412:. 8 July 2020
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1937:. 17 May 2019
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1911:. 25 May 2017
1910:
1904:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1774:
1770:
1769:nnpcgroup.com
1766:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
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1713:
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1500:
1495:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1453:
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1440:
1436:
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1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
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1408:
1401:
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1371:
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1347:
1343:
1336:
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1327:
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1322:
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1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:Energy portal
1283:
1278:
1275:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:communication
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1190:
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1138:
1133:
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1127:
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1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1102:Port Harcourt
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1009:power station
1006:
1005:thermal plant
998:
996:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
970:
965:
963:
958:
954:
950:
942:
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930:
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910:
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882:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
850:
842:
835:
833:
829:
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823:
822:Port Harcourt
819:
814:
812:
808:
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792:
790:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
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760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
716:
714:
712:
708:
707:United States
703:
701:
693:
688:
684:
681:
677:
673:
672:Shell Nigeria
670:
669:
665:
663:
661:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
635:
633:
629:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:oil pollution
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
544:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:TotalEnergies
486:
481:
479:
478:Bayelsa State
475:
471:
462:
455:
439:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
416:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
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377:
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370:
366:
363:
360:
357:
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347:
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324:
320:
317:
314:
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305:
301:
297:
294:
291:
288:
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282:
278:
274:
271:
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262:
259:
255:
245:
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235:
230:
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220:
218:
217:
208:
206:
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199:
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188:
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182:
178:
174:
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162:
158:
154:
150:
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138:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
95:
87:
83:
75:
72:
64:
61:November 2018
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
6012:Cook Islands
5670:South Africa
5564:Saint Helena
5535:
5439:South Africa
5429:Sierra Leone
5403:
5234:Burkina Faso
5102:
5097:Saudi Arabia
4997:Video gaming
4942:Coat of arms
4837:Social class
4822:Prostitution
4750:Demographics
4720:Child labour
4635:
4621:Central Bank
4512:Human rights
4492:Constitution
4071:
4067:
4057:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4002:. Retrieved
3998:
3989:
3977:. Retrieved
3967:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3912:. Retrieved
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3886:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3859:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3833:
3824:
3812:. Retrieved
3807:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3782:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3756:
3730:. Retrieved
3725:
3716:
3704:. Retrieved
3700:
3691:
3679:. Retrieved
3675:the original
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3628:
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3602:
3578:. Retrieved
3574:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3547:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3521:
3512:
3500:. Retrieved
3496:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3471:
3461:
3449:. Retrieved
3445:
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3421:. March 2018
3418:
3392:. Retrieved
3388:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3316:
3306:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3230:
3226:
3205:. Retrieved
3201:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3119:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3093:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3066:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3040:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3014:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:
2986:"Generation"
2980:
2974:. July 2021.
2969:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2939:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2913:
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2887:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2862:
2852:
2840:. Retrieved
2835:
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:the original
2805:
2796:
2787:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2748:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2722:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2697:
2688:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2603:the original
2598:
2588:
2576:. Retrieved
2572:
2563:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2536:
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2490:the original
2485:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2409:
2400:
2388:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2358:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2302:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2239:the Guardian
2238:
2229:
2224:, 22.12.2011
2221:The Guardian
2219:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:the Guardian
2197:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2149:
2135:cite journal
2113:(2): 75â85.
2110:
2106:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:the Guardian
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the Guardian
2053:
2044:
2032:
2024:The Guardian
2022:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:
1982:
1970:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1934:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1886:
1877:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1799:www.opec.org
1798:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1768:
1759:
1659:
1616:
1612:
1587:. Retrieved
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1537:www.opec.org
1536:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
1502:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1247:
1236:
1227:wind turbine
1215:
1193:
1183:
1180:Solar energy
1170:
1158:
1149:
1134:
1115:
1091:
1076:
1057:
1045:
1002:
986:
966:
946:
903:
887:
855:
830:
815:
804:
779:
773:State. The
720:
704:
697:
694:Human rights
656:
636:
625:
588:
552:Ogoni people
549:
521:
482:
467:
189:
177:gas reserves
173:oil reserves
135:
129:(26.4%) and
127:fossil fuels
104:
82:
67:
58:
43:
26:
6022:New Zealand
5929:Switzerland
5858:Netherlands
5748:Philippines
5688:Afghanistan
5491:recognition
5444:South Sudan
5334:Ivory Coast
4616:Brain Drain
4611:Agriculture
4517:LGBT rights
4422:Niger Delta
4407:Jos Plateau
4294:before 1500
4204:Kanem-Bornu
3999:www.iea.org
3860:InkHive.com
3840:26 February
3681:12 February
3276:: 336â346.
3125:23 February
2990:nerc.gov.ng
2599:Folkman LLC
2461:Worldometer
2270:26 February
2157:Report 2011
1997:26 February
1830:26 February
1542:26 February
1223:wind speeds
909:Cross River
866:River Benue
862:Niger River
844:River Benue
782:locomotives
751:combustible
723:fossil fuel
700:Niger Delta
680:Bonga Field
650:community,
628:Niger Delta
618:guideline.
556:Niger Delta
524:Niger Delta
513:Niger Delta
241:Electricity
169:natural gas
145:natural gas
5976:Costa Rica
5848:Luxembourg
5723:Kazakhstan
5693:Bangladesh
5665:Seychelles
5546:(Portugal)
5504:Somaliland
5424:Seychelles
5389:Mozambique
5374:Mauritania
5359:Madagascar
5314:The Gambia
5249:Cape Verde
4962:Literature
4740:Corruption
4705:Censorship
4648:(currency)
4626:Corruption
4392:Ecoregions
4048:10059/2255
4031:(4): 443.
3609:2 November
3580:2 November
3554:2 November
3472:www.giz.de
3425:17 October
3394:1 November
3207:17 October
3152:: 100406.
2950:1 November
2914:Yahoo News
2631:6 December
2609:6 December
2313:5 November
2265:amp.dw.com
1337:References
1252:have less
1219:wind power
1212:Wind power
1197:insolation
1139:(GIZ) and
1111:World Bank
1098:Benin City
1079:hydropower
1063:(GeGaLo).
1052:wind power
1027:Olorunsogo
1014:Dadin Kowa
884:Lake Jebba
874:Hydropower
836:Hydropower
721:Coal is a
666:Oil spills
644:ExxonMobil
612:carcinogen
610:, a known
580:downstream
493:ExxonMobil
468:The first
444:2012R = CO
231:Production
223:(million)
221:Population
131:hydropower
6043:Argentina
6007:Australia
5843:Lithuania
5743:Palestine
5718:Indonesia
5379:Mauritius
5109:Venezuela
4876:Conflicts
4807:Languages
4765:Education
4674:Transport
4654:Petroleum
4573:President
4497:Elections
4412:Mountains
4360:Geography
4329:Civil War
4299:1500-1800
4271:Kwararafa
4096:228820839
4088:1939-7038
3959:0301-4215
3887:TechCabal
3367:153579125
3359:1354-9839
3298:1364-0321
3255:1364-0321
2745:"Nigeria"
2694:"Nigeria"
2680:0360-5442
2390:2 January
2297:pages 148
2183:UNEP 2011
2127:2227-5444
1804:17 August
1643:2192-0567
1619:(1): 15.
1517:17 August
1494:0090-8312
1439:0090-8312
978:Akwa Ibom
870:Lake Chad
852:Lake Chad
729:and peat
687:pipelines
676:oil spill
660:sediments
652:Akwa Ibom
640:crude oil
599:swampland
564:Ogoniland
538:Ogoniland
456:Petroleum
250:emissions
165:crude oil
105:In 2018,
101:emissions
6101:Category
6076:Category
6058:Colombia
5981:Honduras
5949:Scotland
5868:Portugal
5758:Thailand
5738:Pakistan
5728:Malaysia
5645:Ethiopia
5570: /
5566: /
5559:(France)
5553: /
5531: /
5527: /
5479:Zimbabwe
5454:Tanzania
5304:Ethiopia
5299:Eswatini
5279:Djibouti
5244:Cameroon
5229:Botswana
5032:Category
4982:Religion
4832:Refugees
4827:Protests
4812:Polygamy
4755:Diaspora
4700:Abortion
4534:Military
4480:Villages
4463:Politics
4444:Wildlife
4284:Timeline
4180:Kingdoms
4160:articles
4025:Energies
3979:24 April
3914:1 August
3892:1 August
3866:1 August
3788:10 April
3446:Lexology
3322:10 April
3094:Lexology
3073:12 March
3047:12 March
2944:Archived
2842:4 August
2816:22 April
2754:12 April
2496:17 March
2416:17 March
2364:17 March
2338:17 March
2291:Archived
2159:page 247
1959:Archived
1745:Archived
1734:Archived
1723:Archived
1712:Archived
1701:Archived
1690:Archived
1679:Archived
1668:Archived
1651:40436190
1589:31 March
1260:See also
1233:Benefits
1161:off-grid
933:drilling
894:turbines
759:iron ore
747:nitrogen
739:hydrogen
709:and the
574:and the
572:upstream
509:offshore
474:Oloibiri
470:oil well
209:Overview
6000:Oceania
5939:Ukraine
5909:Iceland
5904:Belarus
5899:Armenia
5894:Albania
5833:Ireland
5828:Hungary
5818:Germany
5808:Finland
5803:Denmark
5788:Austria
5763:Vietnam
5660:Nigeria
5655:Morocco
5555:RĂ©union
5551:Mayotte
5542:Madeira
5537:(Spain)
5533:Melilla
5464:Tunisia
5434:Somalia
5419:Senegal
5404:Nigeria
5394:Namibia
5384:Morocco
5349:Liberia
5344:Lesotho
5294:Eritrea
5264:Comoros
5239:Burundi
5214:Algeria
5157:Ecuador
5121:Algeria
5103:Nigeria
5016:Outline
4992:Smoking
4947:Cuisine
4924:Culture
4842:Slavery
4817:Poverty
4688:Society
4669:Tourism
4599:Economy
4487:Cabinet
4402:Islands
4377:Borders
4234:Katsina
4183:Empires
4168:History
4156:Nigeria
3939:Bibcode
3655:1 April
3634:1 April
3528:29 June
3502:1 April
3477:1 April
3451:5 April
3278:Bibcode
3235:Bibcode
3154:Bibcode
3099:1 April
3021:1 April
2995:1 April
2920:6 March
2894:5 April
2868:6 March
2729:1 April
2703:1 April
2660:Bibcode
2578:1 April
2542:4 April
2517:4 April
2466:9 April
2441:1 April
2245:1 March
2204:1 March
2086:1 April
2060:4 April
1941:1 March
1915:4 April
1893:1 March
1855:1 March
1779:4 April
1621:Bibcode
1568:1 April
1474:Bibcode
1447:6734300
1419:Bibcode
1360:8 April
1250:biofuel
1206:WiSolar
1202:Arnergy
1094:equator
1023:Shiroro
993:OPEN100
969:Rosatom
943:Nuclear
921:Plateau
913:Adamawa
905:Uranium
743:sulphur
654:state.
608:benzene
578:in the
570:in the
560:Nigeria
517:onshore
505:Equinor
193:bitumen
119:biomass
107:Nigeria
6086:Portal
6048:Brazil
6027:Tuvalu
5986:Mexico
5971:Canada
5934:Turkey
5924:Russia
5919:Norway
5914:Kosovo
5878:Sweden
5863:Poland
5823:Greece
5813:France
5798:Cyprus
5772:Europe
5753:Taiwan
5703:Brunei
5698:Bhutan
5627:Africa
5574:
5557:
5544:
5474:Zambia
5469:Uganda
5409:Rwanda
5364:Malawi
5324:Guinea
5219:Angola
5151:Angola
5133:Kuwait
5037:Portal
4986:Sharia
4937:Cinema
4932:Anthem
4802:Health
4775:MASSOB
4646:Naira
4641:Mining
4636:Energy
4549:Senate
4427:Rivers
4382:Cities
4261:Sokoto
4239:Zazzau
4158:
4094:
4086:
3957:
3814:5 June
3365:
3357:
3296:
3253:
3069:. 2021
3043:. 2021
2678:
2652:Energy
2125:
1649:
1641:
1492:
1445:
1437:
1243:mining
1189:Ibadan
1106:Kaduna
925:Bauchi
917:Taraba
735:carbon
727:swamps
532:Conoil
503:, and
436:61.00
421:174.00
413:64.56
398:168.83
390:52.85
375:162.47
367:45.90
352:158.42
243:(TWh)
238:(TWh)
236:Export
233:(TWh)
228:(TWh)
6053:Chile
5887:Other
5873:Spain
5853:Malta
5838:Italy
5733:Nepal
5713:India
5708:China
5650:Kenya
5640:Egypt
5529:Ceuta
5449:Sudan
5399:Niger
5354:Libya
5339:Kenya
5319:Ghana
5309:Gabon
5284:Egypt
5224:Benin
5145:Libya
5139:Qatar
5105:1,293
5099:1,879
5093:2,350
5023:Index
4972:Music
4967:Media
4862:Youth
4857:Women
4780:MOSOP
4745:Crime
4437:Benue
4432:Niger
4266:Kebbi
4249:Biram
4244:Gobir
4229:Daura
4199:Benin
4092:S2CID
4004:5 May
3762:5 May
3732:5 May
3706:5 May
3466:giz.
3363:S2CID
1647:S2CID
1122:USAID
1048:solar
1036:Azura
1032:Egbin
890:Jebba
818:Lagos
771:Benue
763:Enugu
757:from
648:Ibeno
528:Oando
485:Shell
433:24.52
430:1,415
427:2,973
424:1,554
410:26.22
407:1,625
404:3,160
401:1,555
395:2012R
387:24.45
384:1,607
381:2,988
378:1,376
364:21.62
361:1,691
358:3,005
355:1,315
344:41.2
338:1,419
335:2,660
332:1,259
329:154.7
321:52.4
315:1,343
312:2,638
309:1,293
306:151.3
298:51.4
292:1,445
289:2,695
286:1,241
283:148.0
275:47.6
269:1,508
266:2,668
263:1,151
260:128.7
252:(Mt)
157:solar
123:waste
5680:Asia
5459:Togo
5369:Mali
5259:Chad
5127:Iraq
5091:Iran
4952:Flag
4254:Rano
4224:Kano
4084:ISSN
4006:2018
3981:2021
3955:ISSN
3916:2023
3894:2023
3868:2023
3842:2022
3816:2021
3790:2021
3764:2018
3734:2018
3708:2018
3683:2021
3657:2022
3636:2022
3611:2018
3582:2018
3556:2018
3530:2019
3504:2022
3479:2022
3453:2022
3427:2018
3396:2018
3355:ISSN
3324:2021
3294:ISSN
3251:ISSN
3209:2018
3127:2024
3101:2022
3075:2022
3049:2022
3023:2022
2997:2022
2952:2017
2922:2016
2896:2022
2870:2016
2844:2007
2818:2009
2756:2021
2731:2022
2705:2022
2676:ISSN
2633:2022
2611:2022
2580:2022
2544:2022
2519:2022
2498:2022
2468:2021
2443:2022
2418:2022
2392:2019
2366:2022
2340:2022
2315:2013
2272:2022
2247:2022
2206:2022
2141:link
2123:ISSN
2088:2022
2062:2022
1999:2022
1943:2022
1917:2022
1895:2022
1887:UNEP
1857:2022
1832:2022
1806:2022
1781:2022
1742:2006
1731:2009
1720:2010
1709:2011
1698:2012
1687:2013
1665:2015
1639:ISSN
1591:2022
1570:2022
1544:2022
1519:2022
1490:ISSN
1443:OSTI
1435:ISSN
1362:2014
1050:and
1018:Ibom
982:Kogi
935:and
929:Kano
927:and
888:The
868:and
820:and
786:coal
769:and
767:Kogi
755:iron
745:and
731:bogs
717:Coal
698:The
626:The
550:The
418:2013
372:2012
349:2010
341:18.6
326:2009
318:19.1
303:2008
295:20.3
280:2007
272:13.4
257:2004
201:and
167:and
161:wind
159:and
149:peat
137:Coal
121:and
115:Mtoe
5159:120
5153:128
5147:212
5141:281
5135:306
5129:395
5123:431
5117:680
5111:745
4566:APC
4561:PDP
4214:Oyo
4209:Nri
4194:Aro
4076:doi
4043:hdl
4033:doi
3947:doi
3347:doi
3286:doi
3243:doi
3202:U.S
3172:hdl
3162:doi
2668:doi
2384:IEA
2115:doi
1752:IEA
1696:,
1629:doi
1482:doi
1427:doi
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864:,
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