933:
36:
997:
1233:
have the merger. According to Labov, Ash, and Boberg (2006: 49), using data collected in the 1990s, there are regions of the U.S. (particularly in the
Southeast) in which speakers keeping the distinction are about as numerous as those having the merger, but there are no regions in which the
959:
1234:
preservation of the distinction is predominant (see map). Throughout the U.S. and Canada, about 83% of respondents in the survey had the merger completely, while about 17% preserved at least some trace of the distinction.
1116:
The merger seems to have been present in the south of
England as early as the 13th century. It was unacceptable in educated speech until the late 18th century, but there is no longer generally any
1962:, a voiceless version of the ordinary sound. In some accents, however, the pronunciation is more like , and in some Scottish dialects it may be closer to or —the sound preceded by a
53:
2668:
2630:
2617:
2609:
2211:
1902:
1883:
388:
263:
240:
235:
215:
2625:
210:
2764:
2645:
230:
2485:
100:
72:
2660:
2635:
2206:
258:
220:
79:
958:
2714:
2694:
333:
313:
2594:
381:
195:
86:
2602:
205:
484:
68:
957:
180:
2091:, and it is transcribed so in most dictionaries. When it has the pronunciation , however, it may also be analyzed as a single phoneme,
2312:
2259:
1959:
1021:
617:
374:
119:
2478:
2111:
2582:
2120:
2014:
427:
409:
170:
1990:
generally) is traditionally not pronounced at all. Pronunciations of the or type are reflected in the former Scots spelling
1029:
57:
717:. In reference to this English order, a common cross-lingual grammatical phenomenon affecting interrogative words is called
93:
185:
2505:
557:
318:
1242:
Below is a list of word pairs that are likely to be pronounced as homophones by speakers having the wine–whine merger.
2471:
450:
46:
1963:
942:
849:
because they had unrounded vowels in Old
English, but by Middle English the vowel had become rounded, and so the
478:
470:
2540:
160:
2769:
2520:
2515:
2510:
1375:
2133:, set in Texas, pokes fun at the issue through character Hank Hill's prominent, exaggerated pronunciation.
1470:
2619:
2611:
2300:
2296:
2186:
2143:
2093:
2088:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2010:
1987:
1983:
1971:
1931:
1915:
1896:
1877:
1862:
1847:
1832:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1772:
1757:
1742:
1727:
1705:
1690:
1671:
1655:
1640:
1625:
1610:
1595:
1580:
1565:
1550:
1532:
1514:
1499:
1483:
1464:
1449:
1434:
1419:
1404:
1388:
1369:
1354:
1339:
1324:
1309:
1290:
1275:
1256:
1251:
1211:
1176:
1172:
1125:
1025:
1017:
1005:
1001:
891:
878:
865:
850:
846:
832:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
789:
781:
762:
758:
754:
746:
738:
734:
613:
537:
498:
494:
474:
454:
423:
419:
405:
281:
2552:
1000:
The area indicated shows the areas in the southeastern United States with the greatest contrast between
155:
1296:
2701:
2562:
1967:
1121:
482:
323:
917:, etc. (which were not affected by the above changes since they had unrounded vowels – the vowel of
2530:
2177:
1037:
966:
674:
490:
361:
2650:
2545:
2494:
2435:
1206:
sound in words does not always exactly match the standard spelling; for example, Scots pronounce
1013:
581:
356:
2640:
2392:
2308:
2255:
2085:
577:
517:
225:
140:
2706:
2193:
2129:
1199:
1187:
788:
period, around the 15th century, in some dialects. Some words which historically began with
462:
445:
328:
2535:
2071:
2053:
633:
625:
2455:
1108:. This merger has taken place in the dialects of the great majority of English speakers.
2404:
2686:
2567:
2557:
2231:
2115:
2006:
1711:
1677:
1133:
785:
653:
621:
589:
585:
521:
308:
2758:
2247:
1226:
1191:
1117:
1040:
Cluster
Reduction. It causes the distinction to be lost between the pronunciation of
1033:
841:
750:
730:
597:
466:
2057:
1160:
567:
438:
956:
17:
2726:
2721:
2525:
2166:
2155:
1168:
1156:
1141:
742:
718:
714:
641:
513:
35:
1202:), and in the speech of older speakers in New Zealand. The distribution of the
2678:
2429:
2415:
2138:
1979:
988:
812:
in the same environment, regardless of whether the historic pronunciation was
593:
303:
2329:
2165:"; a commercial closely approximating the Cool Whip dialog was put out for "
2147:
2077:
2045:
1164:
1105:
605:
449:
has changed over time, and still varies today between different regions and
2334:
An Atlas of
Alexander J. Ellis's The Existing Phonology of English Dialects
2196:
has stated that he uses , which he picked up from his grandmother's accent.
1008:. In most other areas of the United States, the pronunciations have merged.
2305:
Studies in the
History of the English language II: Unfolding Conversations
761:
in that position came to be perceived (and spelt) as beginning with plain
2673:
1144:, but the distinction was largely absent throughout the rest of England.
1137:
415:
298:
996:
1195:
1148:
1129:
710:
2463:
1230:
1183:, a conscious choice rather than a natural feature of their accent.
845:
and its inflected forms. These had escaped the earlier reduction to
2391:
A similar phenomenon to this has occurred in most varieties of the
2295:
Minkova, Donka (2004). "Philology, linguistics, and the history of
1152:
1120:
attached to either pronunciation. In the late nineteenth century,
995:
629:
573:
293:
2456:
Jackson
Crawford: How do we determine what languages are related?
2181:, the titular character Rod declares that his "safe word will be
2142:, with Brian becoming annoyed by Stewie's heavy emphasis of the
829:
649:
2580:
2467:
29:
905:
had become established, and thus continue to be written with
931:
1942:
Pronunciations and phonological analysis of the distinct
661:
2060:
substrate influence (which has led to a re-borrowing of
709:, see below). As a result, such words are often called
540:. (A similar sound change occurred earlier in the word
2106:
A portrayal of the regional retention of the distinct
828:, leading to such pronunciations as the traditional
414:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2659:
2593:
853:of these words was now subject to delabialization:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2212:Phonological history of English consonant clusters
2070:, the word having originally entered English from
501:in most modern varieties of English is called the
2234:and the map at Labov, Ash, and Boberg (2006: 50).
901:, these words changed after their spelling with
461:, although some dialects, particularly those of
428:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
604:initially became presumably a labialized velar
493:"w" sound. The process by which the historical
2118:politician, in the American television series
2110:sound is found in the speech of the character
612:in pre-Proto-Germanic, then probably becoming
2479:
1194:(although the distinction is usually lost in
382:
27:Digraph representing a sound that has changed
8:
2307:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 7–46.
765:. This occurred with the interrogative word
713:, and questions formed from them are called
2428:Fox Broadcasting Company (April 13, 2012),
2369:, Edinburgh University Press (2007), p. 62.
2303:". In Anne Curzan; Kimberly Emmons (eds.).
2065:
1024:, comes to be pronounced the same as plain
2590:
2577:
2486:
2472:
2464:
2207:Phonological history of English consonants
1244:
1012:The wine–whine merger is the phonological
389:
375:
131:
2382:, Edinburgh University Press 1997, p. 18.
1950:As mentioned above, the sound of initial
1167:, and in the speech of young speakers in
1128:was retained in all wh- words throughout
741:, there was a tendency, beginning in the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2136:A similar gag is in several episodes of
2765:Splits and mergers in English phonology
2405:Family Guy: Brian and Stewie, Cool Whip
2223:
820:(in some other dialects the labialized
681:, English interrogative words (such as
473:, retain the traditional pronunciation
347:
272:
249:
194:
169:
146:
139:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2242:
2240:
1245:
1147:The merger is essentially complete in
986:
784:before rounded vowels occurred in the
780:A similar process of labialization of
2250:; Sharon Ash; Charles Boberg (2006).
839:). This process affected the pronoun
453:. It is now most commonly pronounced
7:
2352:
2350:
2185:" and an exchange of overemphasized
660:(with the development of the letter
418:. For the distinction between ,
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2252:The Atlas of North American English
909:like the other interrogative words
670:, but the pronunciation remained .
564:(whose reflexes came to be written
2426:See for example the YouTube video
725:Developments before rounded vowels
25:
1960:voiceless labio-velar approximant
1022:voiceless labio-velar approximant
921:became rounded at a later time).
618:voiceless labio-velar approximant
2330:"Retention of /hw/ in wh- words"
1954:, when distinguished from plain
987:Problems playing this file? See
954:
34:
2438:from the original on 2021-12-13
2416:Family Guy: Stewie, Wil Wheaton
2146:sound in his pronunciation of "
2015:voiceless labiodental fricative
596:in most environments. Thus the
410:International Phonetic Alphabet
69:"Pronunciation of English ⟨wh⟩"
45:needs additional citations for
2052:). This is also found in some
1978:words is reduced to .) In the
1198:and some other urban areas of
1030:voiced labio-velar approximant
628:and represented by the letter
624:proper. The sound was used in
457:, the same as a plain initial
1:
2254:. Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter.
1171:. However, some conservative
1020:, historically realized as a
1175:speakers in England may use
757:. Words with an established
673:Because Proto-Indo-European
656:the spelling was changed to
505:. It is also referred to as
1958:, is often pronounced as a
1186:The merger is not found in
753:, causing it to sound like
524:, as a result of which the
2786:
2367:Northern and Insular Scots
1036:refers to this process as
804:). Later in many dialects
640:, a spelling also used in
135:History and description of
2589:
2576:
2501:
2336:. University of Edinburgh
2084:is often analyzed as the
1964:voiceless velar fricative
1048:, so pairs of words like
250:Development of consonants
2618:Changes before historic
2610:Changes before historic
2431:Family Guy - Wheat Thins
2285:, CUP 1982, pp. 228–229.
2080:, the distinct sound of
1214:, while in many regions
2521:Anglo-Frisian languages
2024:("what") is pronounced
1970:. (In other places the
1376:Mary-marry-merry merger
824:was reduced instead to
701:) typically begin with
507:glide cluster reduction
406:phonetic transcriptions
2365:Robert McColl Millar,
2192:American linguist Dr.
2066:
1009:
936:
745:period, for the sound
677:typically began with *
520:process took place in
471:Southern United States
403:This article contains
2553:Anglo-Norman language
1225:Most speakers in the
999:
935:
584:, in accordance with
437:pronunciation of the
196:Development of vowels
141:English pronunciation
2583:Phonological history
2563:Early Modern English
2380:Early Modern English
2356:Wells, 1982, p. 408.
2175:In the comedy movie
2013:has merged with the
2005:In some dialects of
1920:In certain dialects
1660:In certain dialects
1488:In certain dialects
1393:In certain dialects
1122:Alexander John Ellis
1112:Extent of the merger
943:Distinction between
808:was delabialized to
636:, it was written as
552:What is now English
54:improve this article
2516:Proto-West-Germanic
2506:Proto-Indo-European
1247:
1238:Possible homophones
792:came to be written
675:interrogative words
638:⟨huu⟩
558:Proto-Indo-European
171:General development
2651:Trisyllabic laxing
2631:Close front vowels
2495:History of English
2283:Accents of English
2232:www.ling.upenn.edu
2101:In popular culture
2082:⟨wh⟩
1952:⟨wh⟩
1471:wait–weight merger
1246:Homophonous pairs
1181:⟨wh⟩
1042:⟨wh⟩
1010:
937:
907:⟨wh⟩
903:⟨wh⟩
794:⟨wh⟩
703:⟨wh⟩
668:⟨wh⟩
658:⟨hw⟩
648:(using the letter
646:⟨hƿ⟩
582:Germanic languages
556:originated as the
554:⟨wh⟩
536:is now pronounced
526:⟨wh⟩
441:⟨wh⟩
357:History of English
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2641:Great Vowel Shift
2626:Close back vowels
2328:Maguire, Warren.
2086:consonant cluster
2032:("when") becomes
1956:⟨w⟩
1939:
1938:
1046:⟨w⟩
960:
925:Wine–whine merger
897:By contrast with
890:, Modern English
877:, Modern English
864:, Modern English
769:(Proto-Germanic *
663:⟨w⟩
592:became voiceless
578:Romance languages
503:wine–whine merger
459:⟨w⟩
399:
398:
273:Variable features
259:Single consonants
226:Great Vowel Shift
147:Historical stages
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Wine–whine merger
16:(Redirected from
2777:
2646:Open back vowels
2621:
2613:
2591:
2578:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2424:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2279:
2266:
2265:
2244:
2235:
2228:
2194:Jackson Crawford
2188:
2145:
2130:King of the Hill
2097:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2069:
2064:as Irish Gaelic
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2012:
1989:
1985:
1973:
1957:
1953:
1933:
1917:
1898:
1879:
1864:
1849:
1834:
1819:
1804:
1789:
1774:
1759:
1744:
1729:
1707:
1692:
1673:
1657:
1642:
1627:
1612:
1597:
1582:
1567:
1552:
1534:
1516:
1501:
1485:
1466:
1451:
1436:
1421:
1406:
1390:
1371:
1356:
1341:
1326:
1311:
1297:pane–pain merger
1292:
1277:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1213:
1200:Northern Ireland
1182:
1178:
1127:
1047:
1043:
1028:, that is, as a
1027:
1019:
1007:
1003:
962:
961:
934:
908:
904:
893:
880:
867:
852:
848:
834:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
795:
791:
783:
764:
760:
756:
748:
740:
736:
704:
669:
664:
659:
647:
639:
615:
588:, Indo-European
571:
555:
539:
527:
500:
496:
488:
476:
460:
456:
442:
425:
421:
391:
384:
377:
329:T-glottalization
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2740:
2710:-glottalization
2655:
2585:
2572:
2497:
2492:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2337:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2269:
2262:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2203:
2112:Frank Underwood
2103:
2092:
2081:
2072:Scottish Gaelic
2009:, the sequence
1955:
1951:
1948:
1240:
1180:
1114:
1045:
1041:
994:
993:
985:
983:
982:
981:
980:
979:
970:
963:
955:
952:
938:
932:
927:
906:
902:
793:
727:
702:
667:
662:
657:
645:
637:
634:Old High German
590:voiceless stops
565:
553:
550:
525:
458:
440:
433:
432:
431:
395:
366:
343:
268:
245:
190:
165:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2770:Scots language
2767:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2712:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2568:Modern English
2565:
2560:
2558:Middle English
2555:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2511:Proto-Germanic
2508:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2419:
2408:
2397:
2393:Māori language
2384:
2378:Barber, C.L.,
2371:
2358:
2346:
2320:
2313:
2287:
2267:
2260:
2248:Labov, William
2236:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2173:
2134:
2125:
2121:House of Cards
2116:South Carolina
2102:
2099:
2078:Phonologically
1947:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1712:pin-pen merger
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:pin-pen merger
1674:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1265:
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886:– Old English
881:
873:– Old English
868:
860:– Old English
786:Middle English
773:, Old English
731:rounded vowels
726:
723:
705:(for the word
654:Middle English
622:Proto-Germanic
549:
546:
528:in words like
522:Middle English
516:, a different
514:rounded vowels
426:⟩, see
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181:In Old English
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161:Middle English
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2314:3-11-018097-9
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2281:Wells, J.C.,
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2054:Irish English
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2039:
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2023:
2016:
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1533:ˈwɛː(r),ˈweːr
1531:
1528:
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1435:ˈwɛː(r),ˈweːr
1433:
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1377:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:ˈwɛː(r),ˈweːr
1353:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:ˈweɪlz,ˈweːlz
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1308:
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1039:
1035:
1034:John C. Wells
1031:
1023:
1015:
998:
992:
990:
978:
974:
969:pronunciation
968:
951:
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946:
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563:
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548:Early history
547:
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110:November 2022
102:
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88:
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81:
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2734:
2733:
2715:
2707:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2603:
2541:Northumbrian
2451:
2440:, retrieved
2430:
2422:
2411:
2400:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2338:. Retrieved
2333:
2323:
2304:
2290:
2282:
2251:
2226:
2182:
2176:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2107:
2076:
2061:
2058:Irish Gaelic
2049:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1975:
1949:
1943:
1903:nurse merger
1884:nurse merger
1719:
1542:
1524:
1241:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1185:
1161:South Africa
1146:
1115:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:and that of
1011:
976:
972:
948:
944:
918:
914:
910:
898:
896:
887:
883:
874:
870:
861:
857:
840:
836:
801:
797:
779:
774:
770:
766:
728:
715:wh-questions
706:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
672:
609:
601:
600:velar stop *
561:
551:
541:
533:
529:
511:
506:
502:
477:, generally
436:
434:
422:and ⟨
404:
338:
286:
282:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2526:Old English
2442:November 3,
2170:Wheat Thins
1310:ˈweɪl,ˈweːl
1210:with plain
1169:New Zealand
1157:West Indies
1142:Isle of Man
1124:found that
967:New England
743:Old English
719:wh-movement
666:) and then
644:along with
642:Old English
586:Grimm's Law
560:consonant *
497:has become
216:Close front
156:Old English
2759:Categories
2661:Consonants
2636:Diphthongs
2546:West Saxon
2340:2022-05-08
2218:References
2139:Family Guy
1980:Black Isle
1190:, most of
1106:homophones
989:media help
751:labialized
749:to become
733:, such as
598:labialized
594:fricatives
580:). In the
469:, and the
304:H-dropping
221:Diphthongs
211:Close back
80:newspapers
2702:Rhoticity
2682:-dropping
2230:Based on
2127:The show
2062:whisk(e)y
2046:homophone
2002:, etc.).
1916:ˈwɜː(r)ld
1897:ˈwɜː(r)ld
1863:ˈwoʊ,ˈwoː
1165:Australia
1016:by which
606:fricative
518:reduction
491:voiceless
324:Rhoticity
231:Open back
2727:stopping
2722:fronting
2674:Flapping
2669:Clusters
2436:archived
2201:See also
2183:hwhiskey
2056:with an
2040:becomes
1878:ˈwɜː(r)d
1848:ˈwɪðə(r)
1773:ˈwaɪə(r)
1581:ˈwɛðə(r)
1450:ˈwɛðə(r)
1222:sound.
1218:has the
1188:Scotland
1140:and the
1138:Scotland
711:wh-words
576:and the
570:⟩
566:⟨
479:realized
463:Scotland
439:digraph
420:/ /
416:Help:IPA
362:Spelling
299:Flapping
264:Clusters
186:In Scots
2536:Mercian
2531:Kentish
2189:ensues.
2178:Hot Rod
2163:Wheaton
2154:" and "
2020:. Thus
1994:(as in
1912:whorled
1893:whirled
1874:whirred
1844:whither
1607:wheeled
1577:whether
1551:ˈwɜː(r)
1543:(to be)
1446:whether
1443:weather
1196:Belfast
1192:Ireland
1149:England
1130:Cumbria
1104:become
1070:whether
1066:weather
830:Kentish
729:Before
512:Before
467:Ireland
451:accents
446:English
408:in the
94:scholar
2595:Vowels
2311:
2258:
2067:fuisce
2042:/fain/
2036:, and
1986:(like
1982:, the
1946:sound
1925:Y; wye
1841:wither
1769:why're
1758:ˈwaɪnd
1754:whined
1728:ˈwaɪnd
1724:whined
1720:(verb)
1702:whence
1611:ˈwiːld
1574:wether
1366:wherry
1321:whales
1264:Notes
1231:Canada
1216:weasel
1155:, the
1118:stigma
1086:whales
1014:merger
892:/huːz/
879:/huːm/
833:/woʊm/
652:). In
626:Gothic
424:
289:merger
287:caught
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2148:Cool
2038:whine
2034:/fan/
2026:/fɪt/
2007:Scots
1996:quhen
1909:world
1901:With
1890:world
1882:With
1833:ˈwɪtʃ
1829:which
1826:witch
1799:whish
1788:ˈwaɪz
1784:why's
1751:wined
1743:ˈwaɪn
1739:whine
1718:wind
1710:With
1706:ˈwɪns
1699:wince
1676:With
1656:ˈwaɪl
1652:while
1641:ˈwaɪt
1637:white
1634:wight
1604:wield
1596:ˈwaɪd
1592:why'd
1541:were
1529:where
1525:(man)
1523:were
1500:ˈwɛlp
1496:whelp
1484:ˈwiːl
1480:wheel
1477:we'll
1469:With
1458:weigh
1431:where
1420:ˈwiːl
1416:wheel
1374:With
1370:ˈwɛri
1351:where
1336:whang
1318:Wales
1306:whale
1295:With
1291:ˈweɪl
1287:whale
1272:whack
1208:whelk
1153:Wales
1102:which
1098:witch
1094:where
1082:Wales
1078:whale
1054:whine
1038:Glide
977:whine
911:which
884:whose
866:/huː/
802:whore
798:whole
699:where
687:which
632:. In
630:hwair
620:– in
574:Latin
487:]
483:[
412:(IPA)
294:Drawl
241:Pre-R
236:Pre-L
101:JSTOR
87:books
2444:2020
2309:ISBN
2297:/hw/
2256:ISBN
2187:/hw/
2159:Wil
2152:Whip
2144:/hw/
2114:, a
2089:/hw/
2050:fine
2030:whan
2022:whit
2011:/hw/
2000:when
1998:for
1992:quh-
1984:/hw/
1972:/kw/
1968:stop
1932:ˈwaɪ
1871:word
1859:whoa
1818:ˈwɪt
1814:whit
1803:ˈwɪʃ
1796:wish
1781:wise
1766:wire
1736:wine
1691:ˈwɪn
1687:whin
1672:ˈwɪn
1668:when
1649:wile
1626:ˈwɪɡ
1622:whig
1589:wide
1566:ˈwɛt
1562:whet
1547:whir
1515:ˈwɛn
1511:when
1493:welp
1465:ˈweɪ
1461:whey
1428:wear
1413:weal
1405:ˈweɪ
1401:whey
1389:ˈwɒt
1385:what
1382:watt
1363:wary
1348:ware
1340:ˈwæŋ
1333:wang
1303:wale
1284:wail
1276:ˈwæk
1269:wack
1261:IPA
1257:/hw/
1229:and
1179:for
1177:/hw/
1126:/hw/
1090:wear
1074:wail
1062:whet
1050:wine
1018:/hw/
1004:and
1002:/hw/
973:wine
947:and
919:what
915:what
888:hwās
875:hwǣm
871:whom
851:/hw/
837:home
835:for
818:/hw/
806:/hw/
759:/hw/
755:/hw/
739:/oː/
735:/uː/
695:when
691:what
650:wynn
616:– a
534:whom
532:and
495:/hw/
489:, a
475:/hw/
435:The
73:news
2620:/r/
2612:/l/
2301:/w/
2108:wh-
2094:/ʍ/
2074:).
2048:of
2044:(a
2018:/f/
1988:/h/
1976:qu-
1974:of
1966:or
1928:why
1856:woe
1811:wit
1684:win
1665:win
1619:wig
1559:wet
1508:wen
1398:way
1252:/w/
1220:wh-
1212:/w/
1204:wh-
1058:wet
1026:/w/
1006:/w/
971:of
899:how
862:hwā
858:who
847:/h/
842:who
826:/w/
822:/h/
816:or
814:/h/
810:/h/
790:/h/
782:/h/
777:).
771:hwō
767:how
763:/h/
747:/h/
737:or
707:how
683:who
572:in
544:.)
542:how
538:/h/
530:who
499:/w/
481:as
455:/w/
444:in
283:Cot
56:by
2761::
2735:Wh
2716:Th
2696:Ng
2434:,
2349:^
2332:.
2270:^
2239:^
2172:".
2028:,
1944:wh
1173:RP
1163:,
1159:,
1151:,
1136:,
1132:,
1096:,
1088:,
1080:,
1072:,
1064:,
1056:,
1032:.
975:,
965:A
949:wh
913:,
800:,
775:hū
721:.
697:,
693:,
689:,
685:,
679:kʷ
610:xʷ
602:kʷ
568:qu
562:kʷ
509:.
465:,
339:WH
334:TH
314:NG
2708:T
2688:L
2680:H
2604:A
2487:e
2480:t
2473:v
2395:.
2343:.
2317:.
2299:~
2264:.
2168:h
2161:h
2157:h
2150:h
2124:.
2096:.
1100:/
1092:/
1084:/
1076:/
1068:/
1060:/
1052:/
991:.
945:w
796:(
614:*
608:*
485:ʍ
430:.
390:e
383:t
376:v
319:R
285:–
206:A
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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