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1393:. Jiskra undertook a quick campaign and occupied much of the fortresses and defensive posts in northern Hungary, often with the support of local populations and devotees that held Jiskra in high regard due to his fight for religious freedoms. As a benefactor to the mercenaries, Elizabeth had to pawn the Holy Crown and transfer tutelage over her newborn son to Frederick III. However, this proved insufficient to fund the war against Władysław; she was then forced to handover her privately-owned Austrian estates and the Hungarian
2090:
1226:
2034:
1846:. Długosz did not specify the details behind this, stating "too subject to his carnal desires" and "he did not abandon his lewd and despicable habits". On the other hand, Długosz did note later that "No age has ever seen and will never see a more Catholic and holy ruler who, according to his highest goodness, has never harmed any Christian. Finally, like a holy king and a second angel on Earth, he lived an unmarried and virgin life at home and during the war".
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1444:. Elizabeth died not long after meeting Władysław and exchanging gifts; her supporters claimed that she was poisoned on his orders to prevent their marriage. Cesarini had the treaty ratified by Frederick under the pressure of Pope Eugene, though Frederick abstained from doing so until May 1444. Due to the internal unrest, Hungary became vulnerable militarily and was severely weakened for the Turkish campaign.
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1276:, was desperate to halt this and sent intermediaries to persuade the Hungarians to terminate all negotiations with Władysław. Contrary to her efforts, the Hungarian nobles proved resolute and elected Władysław king on 8 March 1440. Prior to his election, Władysław vowed to marry Elizabeth and protect her infant son's interests in Austria and Bohemia. Simultaneously, Władysław was made
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1791:. Few men were able to see the charge and no one returned from the assault, which alarmed the crusaders. The young king was most certainly killed when his charge lost impetus and came to a standstill amongst the unyielding Janissaries protecting the sultan. It is possible that the king's horse fell into a trap;
1779:
were driven back. Pallatio also notes that the size of Murad's army was too great to counter and it seemed as if the
Christian offensive barely inflicted any major casualties. Władysław's men quickly became exhausted, with many wounded by arrows and battered, including Hunyadi. In spite of this, the
895:
as the king was still a minor and could not govern. Duke
Siemowit, who was staying in the capital of Kraków at the time, remained a valid contender for the role of regent or caretaker due to his personal qualities and rank, however, the idea was soon dismissed; many of the noble lords believed that
1749:
The
Venetian treachery placed the large Ottoman army of around 60,000 men in proximity to the unsuspecting 16,000 crusaders, almost outnumbering the Christians by three to one. The crusader fleet, largely manned by Venetian mercenaries and sailors, did not engage in direct combat and desisted from
1770:
Hunyadi is purported to have proposed that the
Christian left assists the right flank to move the Turks out of position, and stated that "the son of Osman's army shall be defeated". The Ottoman troops under Hadım Şehabeddin of Rumelia began to break and some fled the battle, though the Turkish
1257:, the Catholic nobles were also inclined to endorse Ladislaus' hereditary right to Bohemia. Conversely, the Hungarians were not willing to pass his candidacy and began dialogue with the Poles. In early January 1440, the Hungarian Estates rejected the deceased king's testament at an assembly in
751:, where forthcoming actions were to be discussed. Oleśnicki, having discovered their intent, arrived to the proceedings unannounced and successfully questioned its purpose after which the council hastily dissolved. Negotiations were held in Kraków prior to 25 July with the dignitaries sent by
1795:
writes that Władysław might have been dismounted from his horse by the Turks. The
Janissaries then killed the king's bodyguard and beheaded Władysław, displaying his head on a lance, spear or pole. Records mention a severed male head candied in a bowl of honey by the Turks, however, the head
1882:
comprising the allegations of what is described as "Habsburg propaganda". Furthermore, Władysław's claim to
Hungary was deemed illegitimate and he was often portrayed as a usurper, who unsuccessfully launched a crusade against the Turks. Rumours also spread that Władysław had
1424:
but was unable to take the garrisoned city. He was, however, successful in capturing local townships and villages around Buda and Székesfehérvár to prevent the escape of nobles and designated traitors. This proved paramount when Ulrich II made an attempt to flee to
1960:(Henry the German) and married Senhorinha Anes, with the King of Portugal acting as his best man). The marriage produced two sons. He established a church of Saint Catherine and Mary Magdalene at Madalena do Mar in 1471. There he was depicted in a painting as
677:
and the challengers feared that crowning a young and inexperienced king would invest Oleśnicki with too much power over the affairs of state. Others repudiated a son of formerly-pagan
Jogaila on the Polish throne and yearned for a living descendant of the
1186:
was to be formed as
Sigismund had no male heirs. The Polish Sejm and statesmen hoped that, by marrying Władysław to one of Sigismund's grand-daughters, Poland could secure his accession in Hungary and foist Jagiellonian rule there. This would restore a
1980:. For the rest of his life he would deny his identity. A delegation of Polish monks went to Madeira to question him and certified he was in fact the long lost king, now living in secrecy. He declined their suggestion to ascend the Polish throne again.
1762:
were abundant on the
Christian side, almost making up for the lack of men; as was the courage displayed on the battlefield by John Hunyadi. Murad was wary of the battle at first and contemplated escaping when the crusaders took the left flank, but the
1975:
According to the tradition, he felt his defeat at Varna was a warning sign from God (since he declared war on a false pretext, violating the truce with the
Ottoman Muslims). Thus, he wandered as a pilgrim, seeking forgiveness, which he found in
489:. His body was never recovered and its disappearance led to numerous survival theories or legends, none of which have been confirmed. Władysław's legacy in Poland and Hungary is divisive, yet Władysław remains a notable figure in countries like
1804:. Disheartened by the death of the king, the Hungarian army fled the battlefield and the remainder surrendered. On his return, Hunyadi tried frantically to salvage the king's body; neither Władysław's body nor his armour were ever found.
1831:(olive) complexion, dark hair, dark eyes, and possessed a graceful gaze. There are no other accounts disclosing his physical appearance. He did not indulge in overeating or excessive drinking, and was a person of extreme patience and
1572:
1631:
implored him to make peace with the Ottomans, dissatisfied with the level of taxes raised for the war and believing that Murad's terms could be lucrative. The Poles were convinced that this would encourage Władysław to leave the
1159:. Speaking on behalf of Władysław, the cardinal was opposed to the idea of reclaiming Pomerania and believed that peace between Poland and the Teutonic Order was critical as the Teutonic Knights were no longer a tool of the
1549:, thus leaving the Ottoman main army caught in Anatolia. Cesarini, acting as papal legate and gathering support, disseminated slogans and propaganda that would incite the Christian army to act. Moreover, Italian humanist
909:. Długosz noted three members, each selected for merit and "wisdom", which was possibly aimed at curtailing Zbigniew Oleśnicki's influence. Nonetheless, Oleśnicki retained considerable control over Władysław's upbringing.
4240:
2021:
982:, the war resumed when Władysław became king. The situation swiftly transformed into a diplomatic struggle for Władysław and the Poles, who sought to turn Lithuanian nobles against Švitrigaila and have him ousted.
2071:
1136:. His corpse pierced with arrows laid bare in the field for three days, however, Władysław personally ordered Spytko's body to be returned to his widow and restored the family's noble status and privileges.
1771:
resistance was fierce. One of the crusaders, Andreas de Pallatio, later wrote in his memoirs that Władysław seized the initiative on the Christian right flank and tore into Şehabeddin's ranks like "a new
900:
than remain an inferior subject to the boy. Queen Sophia's attempts to be named regent, in accordance with her late husband's instructions, also failed and the general indecisiveness caused the apex of
2033:
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and nobles from Lesser Poland, who persuaded Oleśnicki to delay the coronation until 25 July 1434. This granted the opposition additional time to establish an independent assembly on 13 July in
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He inherited the title of the Supreme Duke (Supremus Dux) of Grand Duchy of Lithuania as the eldest son of Władysław II Jagiełło, who adopted this title after the Union of Horodło in 1413.
1510:, capturing and beheading Mezid. This empowered Hungary to coerce the Wallachians and Moldavians to change loyalty and turn into the vassals of Hungary. Murad sought revenge and entrusted
1354:
Shortly after Władysław's accession the conflict with the supporters of Elizabeth deepened. The western and northern parts of the country remained on the side of the queen and opposing
2089:
1565:
tried to dissuade Władysław from waging war against the Ottomans. Nevertheless, Vlad Dracul provided 7,000 (according to some accounts 4,000) horsemen under the command of his son,
1588:
and in the presence of Cardinal Cesarini, Władysław swore to renew the war against Turkish infidels in the coming summer. Similar promises were made to the Venetian delegates, the
2053:
1529:
were planning a crusade against the Turks, with the papacy pledging patronage and considerable funding. The united force would set out from Hungary with an assembled fleet under
1304:
1113:, signed earlier in 1424. The initial hostilities eventually culminated in a minor rebellion during Władysław's reign. On 3 May 1439, Spytko of Melsztyn formed a small but armed
4332:
Wiele historii jednego państwa: obraz dziejów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego do 1569 roku w ujęciu historyków polskich, rosyjskich, ukraińskich, litewskich i białoruskich w XIX
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as Sbigneus), a cardinal who acted as royal guardian and aimed at maintaining his influence and high position at court. Oleśnicki learned of Jogaila's death on 1 June 1434 in
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and accepting bribes from Murad. According to witnesses, the Ottoman troops outnumbered the combined Christian forces and quickly marched to the Black Sea without a delay.
799:
was closely supervised by Oleśnicki, who was instrumental in determining how the investiture is conducted. Changes were made to the order of formalities under Oleśnicki's
1319:. Although still young and king solely by title, Władysław became deeply involved in the struggle against the Ottomans, having been brought up in the standard of a pious
1029:
that would submit to Poland. Regardless of the outcome, Władysław continued to use the title of Supreme Duke of Lithuania until death under the conditions of the 1413
619:, Jogaila's daughter by his second wife. However, the conspiracy was resolved by the death of the princess in December 1431, rumoured to have been poisoned by Sophia.
823:
rights, was a condition for obtaining the throne in the Kingdom of Poland. Furthermore, the crown jewels were given to the officials, rather than being placed at the
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would violate this treaty. Due to his youth, Władysław did not engage directly in peace talks and the negotiations were predominantly undertaken by diplomats or the
1711:, who threatened Anatolia from the south. It allowed the Turks to focus their attention and resources on advancing into Europe; in late October 1444 he crossed the
1171:. The priority was diverted towards stabilising domestic affairs as well as maintaining Poland's status as a great power and a pillar of the Catholic Church in
1167:, a large historical region within the Bohemian Crown, but was unwilling to support the Hussites militarily against Sigismund of Luxembourg and his son-in-law,
1437:
on 10 September 1440. In January 1441, Ulrich was released from captivity, pledged an oath of loyalty to Władysław and freed the hostages held by his troops.
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in 1438, thus ending civil war. However, unrest re-emerged when Sigismund Kęstutaitis was assassinated on 20 March 1440 and Władysław's younger brother,
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whereby the Teutonic and Livonian Orders pledged not to intrude or disturb the internal affairs of both Poland and Lithuania. This act concluded the
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Władysław faced certain challenges early in his reign, in particular the inherited situation in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was precarious and the
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1303:. The Hungarians soon decried the ceremony as an unlawful farce and utilised a reliquary crown for Władysław's coronation on 17 July 1440 at the
6894:
1498:(known in German as Hermannstadt and in Hungarian as Nagyszeben). Hunyadi initially lost the skirmish and one of the Hungarian leaders, Bishop
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against Oleśnicki's desire to exterminate the Hussites and to challenge his authority over the young king. Consequently, Spytko was accused of
1917:
1695:
his oath and the war continued; on 20 September 1444 the king and Hunyadi crossed the Danube, beginning the army's march to the shores of the
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as well as statesmen and royal emissaries from the surrounding realms. The ceremony was unequivocally grandiose; the most probable day of the
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to the Habsburgs in late 1440 and early 1441. This conduct alienated many of the lords that initially supported Elizabeth's cause, including
691:
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The Polish term "rozum", embedded in the chronicles of Jan Długosz, is directly translated as "the mind" and can be interpreted as "wisdom".
1117:
951:
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1842:. The chronicler Jan Długosz, known for his antipathy towards the Jagiellons, alleged that there was something unusual about the monarch's
1272:
and the impending Ottoman threat, the Hungarians could not accept an infant as king and turned to Poland. Ladislaus' widowed mother, Queen
612:
318:
Władysław's succeeded his father shortly before turning ten in 1434 and was, therefore, deemed unfit to rule until coming of age. Cardinal
1780:
majority of the Ottoman army either fled or was dead. Consequently, Murad decided to seek refuge in his fortified encampment in the rear.
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remained a considerable threat to Władysław, especially that Siemowit was of royal Piast lineage and a member of a branch which ruled the
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opposition and attempted to have Jogaila's sons declared illegitimate to the Polish throne as they possessed no blood relation to their
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on 29 June 1440. This was met with hostility at the Polish court, especially that Casimir was underage and that the Poles hoped for a
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Dzieje narodu polskiego z tablicą chronologiczną aż do naszych czasów dla użytku młodżiezy z dodatkiem jeografii i mapy dawnéj Polski
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Solymosi, László; Körmendi, Adrienne (1981). "A középkori magyar állam virágzása és bukása, 1301–1526 ". In Solymosi, László (ed.).
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827:, implying Władysław's minority and the officials' active participation in the coronation. The act in which Władysław undertakes
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840:(in Latin named Johannes Longinus) writes that the boy king, dressed in royal garments and accompanied by bishops Oleśnicki and
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1195:(1370–1382). The union would allow Poland to re-negotiate disputed territories between the Poles and the Hungarians, including
1715:
whilst the Christian fleet was stalled due to adverse winds and the Venetians did not make an effort to prevent this. Scholar
1440:
Elizabeth prolonged her resistance until December 1442, when a peace treaty was signed at Győr under the auspices of Cardinal
891:
Shortly after the coronation, senior nobles held both covert and open conventions to discuss the possibility of instituting a
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advance into Hungary and Elizabeth's sudden death solidified Władysław's legitimacy to the Hungarian throne. Ruling much of
396:
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387:, renewed their war efforts by fortifying the borderland regions and sending an army to Lithuania, which was engulfed in a
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of Lithuania in 1434, shortly after Władysław assumed the throne. Consequently, the king and the Polish Royal Council, the
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1758:; the crusaders were initially successful in defending against Ottoman assaults and Murad sustained heavy losses. Acts of
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Władysław was crowned at Wawel Cathedral on 25 July 1434 by the elderly Wojciech Jastrzębiec. There is evidence that the
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It is believed that Władysław did not have a decisive voice in politics and the situation did not change even after the
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and were wary of taking up arms. He also dedicated himself to subtler diplomatic measures when addressing the issue of
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appraised this as the true cause of the crusade's early failure. Genoese merchants and sailors were also accused of
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to warrant Władysław's right to the crown. This arbitrary behaviour displayed by the assembly vexed the nobility of
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influence in medieval Poland. As compromise, a regency council was formed comprising regional governors called the
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1429:(Pozsony); he was caught by a Polish detachment and subsequently imprisoned at Władysław's behest. Concurrently,
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as an envoy and mediator in peace talks with the Ottomans. In June 1444, the fleet of Francesco Condulmer and
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and fight alongside the Christians if required. At this time, Murad concluded a favourable peace treaty with
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1905:. There had been also a football team named after Vladislav in Varna, present day its inheritor is known as
1884:
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In order to assert her claim, Elizabeth had to maintain the wealthy mining counties in what now constitutes
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1636:, return to Poland and re-establish himself there as king. Meanwhile, Cesarini sent letters of progress to
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5092:Šmahel, František (2011). "The Hussite Revolution (1419–1471)". In Pánek, Jaroslav; Tůma, Oldřich (eds.).
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instigated a rebellion in the south. Hunyadi, together with Nicholas of Ilok, annihilated Garai's army at
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The policy of the Kingdom of Poland under Władysław and Oleśnicki was to reclaim lost territories such as
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are named after Władysław. In 1935 a park-museum, Władysław Warneńczyk, opened in Varna, with a symbolic
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council executed power in the king's name. However, Władysław's legitimacy to the crown was contested by
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According to 19th-century sources based on medieval chronicles, Władysław was of medium height, with a
1787:, Władysław decided to take a chance by directly charging the sultan's camp and his armed retinue with
1506:. However, a few days later Hunyadi regrouped and attacked Ottoman positions with heavy cavalry at the
1344:, who supported Władysław's claim to the Hungarian throne and aided him militarily. Depiction from the
1287:
Elizabeth did not approve of the Estates' election and on 15 May 1440 she had her son crowned with the
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1835:. Furthermore, the king was known to be of strong character and merciful to his foes, when required.
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4746:(in Czech and Polish). Vol. 1. Praha (Prague): Historický ústav Akademie věd České republiky.
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1775:", pushing the Rumelians up the valley's slope. Many of the novice yet still elite Janissaries and
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1203:) and Moldavia. In response, Poland would propose a military alliance and vow the expulsion of the
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by this time and the fleet was tasked with preventing re-entry by holding the strait against him.
1245:, Bohemian and Hungarian thrones unoccupied. His only son, born in February 1440, became known as
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The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad. The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438-1444
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4725:(in Polish) (First ed.). Warszawa (Warsaw): Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. pp. 697–706.
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was acknowledged in accordance with Albert's testament. Under the influence and pressure of
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and the brother of Zbigniew Oleśnicki, called for a decisive vote which ended the dispute.
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to Bohemia in the years 1422–1427. They received clandestine sponsorship from influential
634:, seen kneeling to the left, was instrumental in securing Władysław's right to the throne.
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was also a generous benefactor to the Christian cause. Simultaneously, Władysław engaged
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and established an anti-Polish coalition. In June 1431, he reached an agreement with the
584:
is 18 February, though this continues to be contested by historians and various sources.
560:, and the birth of a male successor was widely regarded as a miracle. He was baptised at
2656:
974:, which declared a surprise war and marched its army into Polish territory. Following a
6517:
5980:
5796:
5559:
5430:
5047:
5023:
4413:
2733:
2637:
2625:
2396:
2303:
1669:
1641:
1609:
1562:
1542:
1434:
1406:
1312:
1216:
1179:
1128:
and maleficence. The cardinal sent crown troops to pacify the movement and execute the
1037:
998:
971:
955:
954:
threatened Polish interests there. The conflict began when Władysław's paternal uncle,
837:
663:
493:
which were under Ottoman domination. He was succeeded in Poland by his younger brother
451:
443:
374:
370:
284:
218:
59:
17:
5826:
1838:
Władysław had no children and did not marry. Contemporary sources suggest that he was
1741:
Imaginary Ottoman miniature depicting Murad II and Władysław III's beheading, held at
1703:
from peace he made with the Turks; Arianiti was then able to march with his troops to
1139:
The court also devised the return of territories once lost, most notably the southern
6945:
6915:
6658:
5942:
5873:
5641:
4287:
2613:
1961:
1788:
1772:
1394:
1204:
1129:
679:
667:
607:
which aggravated the conflict. Despite the agreements signed between Jogaila and the
596:
339:
331:
1458:
1051:
agreement from 4 December 1435 officially terminated its crusading character, and a
4928:
1792:
1546:
1420:
remained stalwart and loyal to the queen. Before the end of 1440, Hunyadi attacked
1375:
1371:
1363:
1341:
1320:
1125:
1121:
1084:
856:
5631:
5598:
3349:
3347:
1854:
1783:
Facing desperate circumstances and seeing Hunyadi's struggle against the Rumelian
767:
477:. After initial successes, the outnumbered Christian forces engaged in a decisive
27:
Monarch of Poland-Lithuania (r. 1434–44); King of Hungary and Croatia (r. 1440–44)
5274:
5194:
5173:
5112:
5072:
5051:
5027:
5003:
4974:
4932:
4908:
4889:
Common Culture and the Ideology of Difference in Medieval and Contemporary Poland
4887:
4824:
4783:
4762:
4659:
4640:
4621:
4602:
4582:
Kiaupienė, Jūratė (2002). "Gediminaičiai ir Jogailaičiai prie Vytauto palikimo".
4543:
4510:
4460:
4417:
4393:
4372:
4265:
2791:
Common Culture and the Ideology of Difference in Medieval and Contemporary Poland
1109:
The successive years were marked by the extirpation of Polish Hussites under the
6132:
4661:
Grzech sodomii w przestrzeni politycznej, prawnej i społecznej Polski nowożytnej
4567:(English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 154–155.
2096:
1812:
1764:
1467:
1386:
1300:
920:
in 1438, and declared the fourteen-year-old king to have attained his majority.
533:
414:
and expand its influence to neighbouring realms. In 1440, Władysław was elected
383:
104:
1968:
at the Golden Gate on a painting by Master of the Adoration of Machico (Mestre
1870:
Władysław's legacy as King of Hungary was tarnished in existing records by the
1518:, with a new force to enter Wallachia; he too was defeated by Hunyadi near the
962:
to his brother Jogaila and proclaimed political independence, jeopardising the
350:
of exploiting the king's youth to hold authority. A sympathiser with the Czech
6229:
5580:
4631:
4612:
3658:
3656:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
1965:
1887:
poisoned as her death occurred suddenly after their meeting in December 1442.
1839:
1720:
1621:
1426:
1026:
1006:
880:
833:
with a sword in the direction of the four corners of the world was abandoned.
808:
796:
721:
391:. Švitrigaila, the Livonians and their allies were ultimately defeated at the
78:
5122:
4994:
4650:
4534:
4427:
1890:
Following his death, Władysław III was commemorated in many songs and poems.
1640:, who was staying in Constantinople; he then translated them from Latin into
871:
did come into effect; this was due to a disagreement between the bishops and
5649:
5573:
5545:
5316:
2644:
2157:
1977:
1933:
1871:
1843:
1712:
1696:
1652:. The Byzantines were ecstatic of the news brought by Cesarini, as were the
1156:
1102:
902:
439:
411:
403:
in December 1435 which curtailed Teutonic influence in East-Central Europe.
238:
5347:
3403:
3401:
748:
720:, the judge royal of Poznań and a fierce propagator of the Hussites' proto-
647:
556:
in origin. His father was already an elderly man, having outlived three of
541:
529:
194:
4395:
Croatian Cultural Renaissance. From the Margins to the Crossroad of Europe
1932:
legend Władysław survived the battle and then journeyed in secrecy to the
1545:, and join with the land troops to capture Turkish defensive posts on the
6118:
5621:
5587:
5566:
5220:. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 348–350.
2215:
2183:
1898:
1859:
1801:
1538:
1483:
1417:
1409:, who switched sides and allied himself with Władysław and John Hunyadi.
1382:
1010:
967:
815:. This act was to be seen as submission to the privileges of nobles; the
702:
655:
608:
604:
588:
490:
486:
351:
224:
5378:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 765–767, see page 766, para 3.
2848:
2846:
2844:
1036:
The battle also proved momentous in combating the Livonian Order as its
658:. He subsequently convened an assembly in Poznań with the assistance of
6765:
5659:
5552:
5423:
5342:(in Polish). Vol. 17. Warszawa (Warsaw): RSW "Prasa-Książa-Ruch".
4681:"LDK vidaus karo atomazga: Pabaisko mūšio 580-osioms metinėms paminėti"
4419:
Jana Długosza, kanonika krakowskiego, Dziejów polskich ksia̜g dwanaście
2789:
Teresa Pac incorrectly provides the date as 25 August 1434 in her work
2116:
2044:
1945:
1902:
1879:
1828:
1759:
1633:
1558:
1515:
1421:
1355:
1316:
1164:
1152:
1098:
1094:
897:
892:
872:
706:
674:
581:
485:, where Władysław was killed in a heroic cavalry charge against Sultan
458:
407:
233:
6730:
6055:
4976:
The Cambridge history of Poland from the origins to Sobieski - to 1696
2811:
Oleśnicki often spoke in the name of political leaders in the country.
1983:
According to another controversial version of the legend, promoted by
1699:
to make contact with the allied fleet. The Pope annulled and released
611:
to ensure the succession for his sons, the opposing faction opted for
5626:
5593:
5538:
5483:
5237:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 311–313.
3196:
3194:
1797:
1784:
1692:
1688:
1661:
1657:
1617:
1605:
1553:
wrote a personal letter to Władysław, describing him in Latin as the
1491:
1474:
The prelude to the crusade began when the Turks were defeated in the
1398:
1196:
1148:
1114:
1072:
959:
323:
4973:
Reddaway, W. F.; Penson, J. H.; Halecki, Oskar; Dyboski, R. (1950).
3013:
3011:
3009:
2996:
2994:
2027:
Coat of arms featuring the symbols of Poland, Lithuania and Hungary.
1005:. Švitrigaila fled eastward, but eventually lost the support of the
4485:"The kingdom of Poland and the grand duchy of Lithuania, 1370–1506"
4267:
The Last Muslim Conquest. The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe
1815:. In Hungary, he was succeeded by his former rival, the child-king
6162:
3523:
3521:
2099:, a 19th-century imaginary depiction based on historical accounts.
1916:
1853:
1832:
1736:
1571:
1495:
1336:
1224:
1088:
975:
933:
824:
782:
643:
626:
519:
5367:
5225:
4871:(in Polish). Szczecin: Wydawn. Archiwum Państwowego "Dokument".
4040:
4038:
1956:
district of the Madeira Islands for life. He was known there as
1874:; the largely unrealistic picture of his reign presented in the
1776:
1258:
1064:
913:
804:
638:
From a young age, Władysław was surrounded by advisors loyal to
466:
454:, Władysław became compelled in confronting the Ottoman Empire.
6734:
6059:
5487:
5005:
The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern European History, 1350-1750
4844:
Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2002). "V. László". In Kristó, Gyula (ed.).
3174:
3172:
3170:
1807:
Władysław was succeeded in Poland by his younger brother, Duke
1378:
who became a leading political and military figure in Hungary.
787:
Young Władysław III depicted in a 15th-century prayerbook. The
5276:
Vlad III Dracula. The Life and Times of the Historical Dracula
5132:
Magyarország történeti kronológiája, I: a kezdetektől 1526-ig
966:. He subsequently battled against Polish–Lithuanian forces in
5056:. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
4491:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 734–735.
4210:
Rei de Portugal, D. Afonso V, foi o seu padrinho de casamento
3101:
3099:
1866:. The king's body was never found and his tomb remains empty.
1680:
contributed to the general euphoria surrounding the crusade.
1537:. The objective was to isolate routes and communication from
989:
assisted the Lithuanians headed by Sigismund Kęstutaitis and
755:
and Spytko, who attempted to obstruct Władysław's accession.
5380:
Wladislaus III. (1424–1444), king of Poland and Hungary.....
4700:
Michalik, Marian B.; Małecki, Jan M.; Kurz, Andrzej (1996).
4150:
4148:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3662:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3448:
3353:
3326:
3298:
3296:
3041:
2863:
2861:
1494:
army, raiding cities, towns and villages from the border to
1412:
The western territories as well as some 70 fortresses under
603:
predecessors. In the same year, Queen Sophia was accused of
4067:
4065:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3996:
3994:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3364:
3362:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
5151:
Spórna, Marcin; Wierzbicki, Piotr; Wygonik, Edyta (2004).
3821:
3819:
3407:
697:
Many opponents also attempted to counter the power of the
4937:. Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
4623:
Prałaci i kanonicy Katedry Metropolitalnej Gnieźnieńskiej
4111:
4109:
4107:
4094:
4092:
3748:
3746:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3574:
3572:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3116:
3114:
3086:
3084:
3071:
3069:
739:, a supporter of pro-Hussite military expeditions led by
279:(31 October 1424 – 10 November 1444), also known as
5154:
Słownik władców Polski i pretendentów do tronu polskiego
4910:
Cartographic Humanism. The Making of Early Modern Europe
3733:
3731:
3729:
3673:
3671:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
2914:
2912:
1315:, in exchange for his help in organising an anti-Muslim
1093:
A map illustrating the borders of Poland, Lithuania and
1063:. Moreover, any association between the knights and the
993:; their joint army defeated Švitrigaila and his allies,
654:, but decided to remain in Poland and usurp the role of
426:, spurned the outcome and advocated for her infant son,
365:, which commenced under his father's reign in 1431. The
5032:. Vol. 6. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
4586:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai.
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3888:
3886:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3782:
3780:
3247:
3245:
2985:
2852:
4850:(in Hungarian). Szukits Könyvkiadó. pp. 139–150.
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
2597:
1305:
Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
670:, who were outmanoeuvred and excluded from the vote.
1178:
The union with Lithuania remained impregnable and a
817:
king-elect's fulfillment of the elites' requirements
6914:
6893:
6874:
6849:
6772:
6668:
6585:
6560:
6535:
6516:
6497:
6472:
6453:
6416:
6397:
6378:
6210:
6111:
6102:
5966:
5918:
5895:
5871:
5850:
5705:
5640:
5612:
5521:
5214:Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Švitrigaila".
5136:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 188–228.
2891:
1922:
St. Joachim and St. Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate
1668:, urging them to join the campaign. The victory of
1009:residing in the Grand Duchy and went into exile to
803:, notably the young monarch was obliged to take an
264:
254:
244:
232:
204:
188:
184:
174:
164:
153:
145:
127:
116:
100:
90:
77:
69:
58:
41:
5096:. Charles University in Prague. pp. 149–187.
4515:(in French). Editura științifică și enciclopedică.
4286:
4127:
3029:
3017:
3000:
1053:formal peace treaty was signed on 31 December 1435
985:A Polish retinue of approximately 4,000 men under
361:Władysław simultaneously faced the effects of the
5117:(in Polish). Vol. 2. Vienna: Moritz Perles.
4489:The New Cambridge Medieval History, c.1415–c.1500
4314:. Poznań: Wydawn. Podsiedlik-Raniowski i Spółka.
4247:, Igreja Santa Maria Madalena em Madalena do Mar.
1299:) had stolen from safekeeping at the fortress of
4683:(in Lithuanian). Lietuvos žinios. Archived from
4353:Wojny, bitwy i potyczki w średniowiecznej Polsce
4191:
4189:
4187:
3527:
1525:Throughout the autumn of 1442, Cesarini and the
1311:. He had also received significant support from
938:Władysław portrayed in a prayerbook held at the
4826:Church, State and Dynasty in Renaissance Poland
4529:. Miami: American Institute of Polish Culture.
3200:
1374:upheld Władysław and his partisans, among them
3263:
1448:Crusade against the Muslim Ottomans, 1443–1444
6746:
6071:
5499:
4441:(in Polish). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
3757:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMalone-Lee2023 (
3720:
2119:, hypothetical burial place of Władysław III.
1893:A main boulevard and residential district in
1612:was ready to sail and by mid-July arrived at
1261:that would place the regency in the hands of
1237:to prevent his coronation as King of Hungary.
859:to greet the townsfolk. However, a customary
8:
5111:Sokołowski, August; Inlender, Adolf (1897).
4228:- Ladislau III da Polónia Lenda ou História?
4044:
3390:sfn error: no target: CITEREFJasienica1965 (
3183:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKiaupienė2008 (
1878:chronicles were constructed as a consistent
1750:sailing into the Black Sea. Thereafter, the
1241:In October 1439, Albert II died leaving the
623:Opposition and Cardinal Oleśnicki, 1432–1434
6046:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
5157:(in Polish). Kraków: Wydawn. Zielona Sowa.
4178:
4154:
2973:
2961:
2942:
2867:
1478:and temporarily lost jurisdiction over the
7007:Polish military personnel killed in action
6753:
6739:
6731:
6108:
6078:
6064:
6056:
5506:
5492:
5484:
5385:
5323:(in Polish). Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki
4645:(in Polish). Lwów: Gubrynowicz i Schmidt.
4071:
3752:
3500:
3368:
3302:
3236:
3120:
2138:
2129:
1811:of Lithuania, in 1447, after a three-year
544:on 31 October 1424, the first-born son of
377:in a military struggle against Poland and
47:
38:
5317:"Władysław Warneńczyk: Nadzieja dynastii"
5008:. Vol. 2. Oxford: University Press.
4740:Mikulec, Jiří; Polívka, Miloslav (2007).
4607:(in Polish). Poznań: Kamieński i Spółka.
4465:. Vol. 1. Oxford: University Press.
4335:(in Polish). Warszawa (Warsaw): Neriton.
4029:
4017:
4000:
3985:
3973:
3956:
3771:
3708:
3385:
3314:
3212:
3178:
2930:
1268:Due to the general animosity towards the
574:Andrzej Łaskarz Laskary, Bishop of Poznań
30:For other people with the same name, see
4422:(in Polish). Vol. 4. Kraków: Czas.
4139:
4115:
4098:
3647:
3630:
3613:
3590:
3578:
3224:
2077:Imaginary portrait from Thuróczi János'
1972:) in the beginning of the 16th century.
1660:). Cyriacus also distributed letters to
1457:
952:ensuing Lithuanian civil war (1432–1438)
311:(Jogaila) and the Lithuanian noblewoman
4350:Bunar, Piotr; Sroka, Stanisław (1996).
4166:
3798:
3551:
3469:
3419:
3149:
3137:
3105:
3090:
2918:
2903:
2828:
2686:
2604:
2002:
566:Wojciech Jastrzębiec, Bishop of Gniezno
346:accused Oleśnicki, the council and the
5175:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795
4706:(in Polish). Kraków: Wydawn. Kronika.
4462:The Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania
4083:
4056:
3944:
3923:
3911:
3892:
3877:
3865:
3844:
3825:
3810:
3786:
3737:
3696:
3677:
3512:
3481:
3275:
3161:
2835:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2257:
2147:
2143:
2047:, bearing the name of the fallen king.
2015:The Royal Seal of Władysław III, 1438.
1132:. Spytko was ultimately killed at the
1079:Domestic and foreign policy, 1438–1440
497:, and in Hungary-Croatia by his rival
358:in 1439, thus ending the hostilities.
342:. In the aftermath of the coronation,
5296:"Czy Władysław Warneńczyk był gejem?"
4892:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
4785:John Hunyadi. Defender of Christendom
4584:Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės
4512:Histoire Chronologique de la Roumanie
3563:
3539:
3338:
3287:
3251:
2986:Spórna, Wierzbicki & Wygonik 2004
2853:Spórna, Wierzbicki & Wygonik 2004
2534:
2531:
2521:
2508:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2478:
2472:
2462:
2449:
2439:
2435:
2423:
2420:
2410:
2394:
2384:
2380:
2356:
2346:
2333:
2323:
2319:
2307:
2301:
2291:
2275:
2265:
2261:
2245:
2239:
2229:
2213:
2203:
2199:
2187:
2181:
2171:
2155:
2151:
2083:(Władysław was only 20 when he died).
1561:of Christianity". On the other hand,
1368:Dénes Szécsi, Archbishop of Esztergom
898:usurp and seize the crown for himself
7:
6719:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
5053:The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571
4642:Ostatnie lata Władysława Warneńczyka
4565:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
4438:Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny
2133:Ancestors of Władysław III of Poland
916:(Polish parliament) had gathered in
673:There was growing antagonism in the
578:Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Bishop of Kraków
430:, to rule under the guardianship of
5336:Związek Literatów Polskich (1961).
4829:. Taylor & Francis, Routledge.
4664:(in Polish). Będzin: e-bookowo.pl.
3075:
3060:
1727:Death at Varna and succession, 1444
1576:Władysław at Varna, as imagined by
1416:in modern-day Austria, Croatia and
1370:. In turn, the eastern regions and
1143:which continued to be ruled by the
1047:were killed or taken prisoner. The
801:Ordo ad cornandum ad regem Poloniae
709:. Among the chief adversaries were
572:. It took place in the presence of
524:Baptism of Władysław III (1425) at
7017:Christians of the Crusade of Varna
5196:Historical Dictionary of Lithuania
5178:. University of Washington Press.
4846:Magyarország vegyes házi királyai
4356:(in Polish). Kraków: Universitas.
1901:built atop of an ancient Thracian
1476:Hungarian–Ottoman War of 1437–1442
1280:as the Croatian dominion was in a
692:Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth
660:Chancellor Jan Taszka Koniecpolski
334:nobles favouring the candidacy of
25:
4200:, Museu de Arte Sacra do Funchal.
2892:Michalik, Małecki & Kurz 1996
2059:A more accurate portrayal in the
1569:, to fight against the Ottomans.
1211:King of Hungary and Croatia, 1440
924:Civil war in Lithuania, 1434–1438
701:, notably under the influence of
548:(his pagan name was Jogaila) and
463:Hungarian–Ottoman War (1437–1442)
461:weakened in the aftermath of the
438:. Prolonged hostilities from the
303:from 1440 until his death at the
6369:
4952:Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał (2001).
4907:Piechocki, Katharina N. (2021).
4764:The Crusades [4 Volumes]
2667:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2104:
2088:
2070:
2052:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1862:featuring Władysław's effigy at
1627:In August, a Polish assembly at
650:, whilst he was en route to the
4979:. Cambridge: University Press.
4270:. Princeton: University Press.
4216:Henrique Alemão ou Ladislau III
3408:Związek Literatów Polskich 1961
2879:
2043:, built on an ancient Thracian
2041:Memorial of the Battle in Varna
1991:) was the biological father of
1490:into Transylvania with a large
1061:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
1017:, was proclaimed Grand Duke by
662:, and called for the nobles of
457:With the Turkish grip over the
4639:Kwiatkowski, Saturnin (1883).
4329:Błachowska, Katarzyna (2009).
4293:. Cambridge University Press.
3030:Sokołowski & Inlender 1897
3018:Sokołowski & Inlender 1897
3001:Sokołowski & Inlender 1897
2278:Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
1938:Saint Catharine of Mount Sinai
1333:List of wars involving Hungary
1038:Grand Master, Franco Kerskorff
473:urged Władysław to launch the
32:Ladislaus III (disambiguation)
1:
5071:Shirogorov, Vladimir (2021).
4913:. Chicago: University Press.
4743:Per saecula ad tempora nostra
4626:(in Polish). Gniezno: Langi.
2588:History of Poland (1385–1569)
1942:O Cavaleiro de Santa Catarina
1800:hair whereas Władysław was a
1754:began on 10 November 1444 at
1620:. Murad already crossed into
1327:Discord and unrest, 1440–1442
1233:was hidden from Władysław by
1001:, on 1 September 1435 at the
883:and on sitting arrangements.
6962:15th-century Polish monarchs
6921:Independent State of Croatia
6905:Rulers of Croatia after 1102
6031:Stanisław August Poniatowski
5294:Wolnicka, Agnieszka (2017).
5279:. Las Vegas: Histria Books.
5255:An outline history of Poland
5193:Sužiedėlis, Saulius (2011).
5094:A History of the Czech Lands
4823:Nowakowska, Natalia (2017).
4788:. Las Vegas: Histria Books.
4721:Michałowska, Teresa (1995).
4435:Duczmal, Małgorzata (1996).
4289:A Concise History of Austria
3528:Solymosi & Körmendi 1981
1823:Appearance and personal life
1691:(Várad). However, Władysław
1191:not seen since the reign of
6006:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
5747:Władysław III Spindleshanks
5199:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
4767:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
4679:Mačiukas, Žydrūnas (2015).
4658:Lewandowski, Piotr (2014).
4398:. Lanham: Lexington Books.
1598:Philip the Good of Burgundy
1291:, which one of Elizabeth's
1282:personal union with Hungary
1189:union of Hungary and Poland
1023:Lithuanian Council of Lords
613:Frederick II of Brandenburg
416:King of Hungary and Croatia
395:, and Władysław forced the
354:, Spytko was killed at the
307:. He was the eldest son of
7038:
7022:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
6997:History of Varna, Bulgaria
6992:People of the Hussite Wars
6670:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
6367:
5114:Dzieje Polski illustrowane
4958:(in Polish). Kraków: WAM.
4805:"Władysław III Warneńczyk"
4563:Kiaupa, Zigmantas (2000).
4509:; Matei, Horia C. (1976).
3264:Mikulec & Polívka 2007
2374:
2251:
2145:
1730:
1451:
1389:from Bohemia commanded by
1330:
1249:. Ladislaus' claim to the
1214:
1082:
927:
791:can be seen in the shield.
513:
499:Ladislaus V the Posthumous
53:Detail of Władysław's seal
29:
7002:Monarchs killed in action
6717:
6093:
6039:
5837:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
5716:Senior or Supreme Princes
5472:
5455:
5447:
5437:
5428:
5420:
5415:
5388:
5302:. Ciekawostki Historyczne
5300:ciekawostkihistoryczne.pl
5172:Stone, Daniel Z. (2014).
5074:War on the Eve of Nations
5029:A History of the Crusades
5002:Scott, Hamish M. (2015).
4620:Korytkowski, Jan (1883).
4601:Kiliński, Teodor (1872).
4311:Tajemnice historii Polski
3721:Giurescu & Matei 1976
2760:Vladislovas III Varnietis
2746:
2693:Also known in English as
2515:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2456:
2437:
2429:
2404:
2382:
2378:
2340:
2321:
2313:
2285:
2263:
2259:
2223:
2201:
2193:
2165:
2149:
1952:granted him lands in the
1584:On 15 April 1444, at the
1480:Principality of Wallachia
1414:Ulrich II, Count of Celje
1155:demanded the recovery of
958:, refused to acknowledge
64:Supreme Duke of Lithuania
46:
5832:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
5390:Władysław III of Poland
5252:Topolski, Jerzy (1986).
4868:Władysław III Warneńczyk
4803:Muzeum Historii Polski.
4782:Museranu, Camil (2018).
4761:Murray, Alan V. (2006).
4542:Jefferson, John (2012).
2450:13. Agrypina of Smolensk
1936:. He became a knight of
1817:Ladislaus the Posthumous
1683:In mid-August 1444, the
1247:Ladislaus the Posthumous
811:and the handing over of
564:in mid-February 1425 by
428:Ladislaus the Posthumous
397:Peace of Brześć Kujawski
293:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
179:Ladislaus the Posthumous
139:Ladislaus the Posthumous
7012:Medieval child monarchs
6418:Capetian House of Anjou
5812:Dukes of Greater Poland
5466:disputed by Ladislaus V
5375:Encyclopædia Britannica
5233:Urban, William (2003).
4865:Olejnik, Karol (1996).
4507:Giurescu, Constantin C.
4392:Davis, G. Doug (2024).
4285:Beller, Steven (2006).
4264:Ágoston, Gábor (2023).
4197:São Joaquim e Santa Ana
2593:List of Polish monarchs
2359:Władysław III of Poland
2334:11. Anastasia of Halych
1885:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
1274:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
1255:Oldřich II of Rosenberg
1235:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
964:Polish–Lithuanian union
875:princes concerning the
768:Crown Marshal of Poland
615:, who was betrothed to
424:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
418:following the death of
277:Władysław III of Poland
159:Székesfehérvár Basilica
18:Wladyslaw III of Poland
6967:Polish Roman Catholics
6440:(1382–1385; 1386–1395)
6226:(1038–1041; 1044–1046)
6016:Augustus II the Strong
5933:Władysław III of Varna
5817:Dukes of Little Poland
5722:Władysław II the Exile
5677:Casimir I the Restorer
5671:Bolesław the Forgotten
5273:Treptow, Kurt (2022).
5258:. Warsaw: Interpress.
5217:Encyclopedia Lituanica
4371:Cazacu, Matei (2017).
4308:Besala, Jerzy (2003).
4243:2 October 2011 at the
4128:Muzeum Historii Polski
3369:Bunar & Sroka 1996
2769:Vladislav I. Jagelović
2768:
2759:
2737:
2728:
2719:
1970:da Adoração de Machico
1944:) and then settled on
1925:
1867:
1746:
1604:and dispatched him to
1581:
1514:, governor-general of
1508:Battle of Hermannstadt
1471:
1351:
1263:Frederick III Habsburg
1238:
1221:Ottoman wars in Europe
1207:from Hungarian lands.
1151:of Greater Poland and
1106:
1049:Livonian Confederation
947:
792:
737:Spytko III of Melsztyn
635:
540:Władysław was born in
537:
434:whilst purloining the
432:Frederick III Habsburg
344:Spytko III of Melsztyn
5958:Sigismund II Augustus
5928:Władysław II Jagiełło
5905:Louis I the Hungarian
5887:Casimir III the Great
5782:Bolesław V the Chaste
5757:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
5727:Bolesław IV the Curly
5697:Bolesław III Wrymouth
5604:Piast the Wheelwright
5048:Setton, Kenneth Meyer
5024:Setton, Kenneth Meyer
4481:Gieysztor, Aleksander
2242:Władysław II Jagiełło
1920:
1907:PFC Cherno More Varna
1857:
1740:
1731:Further information:
1709:Ibrahim II of Karaman
1646:John VIII Palaiologos
1575:
1462:Władysław III at the
1461:
1452:Further information:
1340:
1331:Further information:
1289:Holy Crown of Hungary
1231:Holy Crown of Hungary
1228:
1215:Further information:
1097:, and the regions of
1092:
1083:Further information:
991:Michael Žygimantaitis
937:
928:Further information:
813:Polish royal insignia
786:
757:Jan Głowacz Oleśnicki
753:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
694:in the 12th century.
630:
546:Władysław II Jagiełło
523:
505:Early life, 1424–1434
436:Holy Crown of Hungary
379:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
336:Siemowit V of Masovia
309:Władysław II Jagiełło
295:from 1434 as well as
249:Władysław II Jagiełło
95:Władysław II Jagiełło
6987:Jagiellonian dynasty
6916:House of Savoy-Aosta
6774:House of Trpimirović
6399:House of Wittelsbach
6001:John II Casimir Vasa
5920:Jagiellonian dynasty
5882:Władysław I Łokietek
5682:Bolesław II the Bold
5655:Bolesław I the Brave
5235:Tannenberg and After
4934:Europe (c.1400-1458)
4886:Pac, Teresa (2022).
4687:on 23 September 2016
3663:Reddaway et al. 1950
3449:Reddaway et al. 1950
3354:Reddaway et al. 1950
3327:Reddaway et al. 1950
3201:Sužiedėlis 1970–1978
3042:Reddaway et al. 1950
2906:, pp. 277, 427.
2751:Vladislav Varnenchik
1993:Christopher Columbus
1985:Manuel da Silva Rosa
1950:Afonso V of Portugal
1590:Signoria of Florence
1578:Stanisław Chlebowski
1199:(later constituting
1169:Albert II of Germany
1147:. In the north, the
1003:Battle of Wiłkomierz
930:Polish–Teutonic Wars
842:Stanisław z Pawłowic
726:Dziersław Rytwiański
552:, both of whom were
516:Jagiellonian dynasty
510:Childhood, 1424–1431
420:Albert II of Germany
393:Battle of Wiłkomierz
389:civil war since 1432
110:Casimir IV Jagiellon
6895:Croatia in personal
6802:Michael Krešimir II
6455:House of Luxembourg
6087:Monarchs of Hungary
5953:Sigismund I the Old
5897:Capet-Anjou dynasty
5787:Leszek II the Black
5777:Bolesław the Horned
5737:Casimir II the Just
5732:Mieszko III the Old
5364:Bain, Robert Nisbet
5077:. Lexington Books.
4955:Polscy kardynałowie
4526:Jagiellonian Poland
4181:, pp. 697–706.
3988:, pp. 465–466.
3959:, pp. 463–464.
3699:, pp. 287–288.
3356:, pp. 235–236.
3290:, pp. 311–313.
3278:, pp. 154–155.
3215:, pp. 734–735.
3203:, pp. 348–350.
3181:, pp. 205–211.
3108:, pp. 506–507.
3078:, pp. 149–150.
3032:, pp. 311–312.
2747:Владислав Варненчик
2738:Vladislav Varnenčík
2532:7. Alexandra Drucka
2509:14. Dmitry of Druck
2421:6. Andrew Olshansky
2080:Chronica Hungarorum
1674:Knights Hospitaller
1666:Alfonso V of Aragon
1541:to Europe, protect
1531:Francesco Condulmer
1347:Chronica Hungarorum
1173:East-Central Europe
877:order of precedence
682:. The candidacy of
363:Polish–Teutonic War
6897:union with Hungary
6836:Demetrius Zvonimir
6537:House of Jagiellon
6499:House of Jagiellon
5991:Sigismund III Vasa
5842:Dukes of Pomerania
5772:Henry II the Pious
5687:Władysław I Herman
5665:Mieszko II Lambert
5515:Monarchs of Poland
5369:"Wladislaus"
4238:Diocese do Funchal
2475:Sophia of Halshany
2062:Chronica Polonorum
1926:
1913:Legend of survival
1868:
1747:
1717:Poggio Bracciolini
1638:Cyriacus of Ancona
1582:
1535:Dardanelles Strait
1527:Republic of Venice
1482:. In 1442, Sultan
1472:
1385:and hired Hussite
1352:
1239:
1184:Kingdom of Hungary
1161:Holy Roman Emperor
1141:Duchies of Silesia
1134:Battle of Grotniki
1107:
1069:Holy Roman Emperor
948:
887:Regency, 1434–1438
793:
789:Polish White Eagle
705:from neighbouring
640:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
636:
632:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
550:Sophia of Halshany
538:
422:. Albert's widow,
356:Battle of Grotniki
320:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
313:Sophia of Halshany
281:Ladislaus of Varna
259:Sophia of Halshany
121:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
6939:
6938:
6907:(1102–1918)
6867:
6831:Peter Krešimir IV
6812:Svetoslav Suronja
6728:
6727:
6635:
6587:House of Habsburg
6474:House of Habsburg
6365:
6364:
6308:
6300:
6053:
6052:
6011:John III Sobieski
5996:Władysław IV Vasa
5968:Elective monarchy
5852:Přemyslid dynasty
5767:Henry the Bearded
5482:
5481:
5473:Succeeded by
5467:
5438:Succeeded by
5395:Jagiellon dynasty
5103:978-80-246-1645-2
4986:978-1-001-28802-4
4548:. Leiden: Brill.
4377:. Leiden: Brill.
4047:, pp. 87–88.
4045:Pope Pius II 2013
3926:, pp. 89–90.
3828:, pp. 82–83.
3774:, pp. 95–96.
3650:, pp. 73–74.
3593:, pp. 71–72.
3554:, pp. 64–65.
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
1650:Byzantine emperor
1614:Methoni, Messenia
1594:Kingdom of Bosnia
1551:Francesco Filelfo
1533:stationed at the
1466:, as imagined by
1293:ladies-in-waiting
995:Sigismund Korybut
741:Sigismund Korybut
570:Primate of Poland
469:and papal legate
369:began supporting
274:
273:
228:
199:Kingdom of Poland
16:(Redirected from
7029:
6982:Kings of Croatia
6977:Kings of Hungary
6932:(king designate)
6861:
6807:Stephen Držislav
6755:
6748:
6741:
6732:
6630:
6562:House of Zápolya
6518:House of Hunyadi
6380:House of Přemysl
6373:
6303:
6295:
6109:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6057:
5827:Dukes of Kuyavia
5822:Dukes of Masovia
5807:Dukes of Silesia
5792:Henryk IV Probus
5752:Władysław Odonic
5742:Leszek the White
5508:
5501:
5494:
5485:
5465:
5448:Preceded by
5421:Preceded by
5411:
5410:10 November 1444
5404:
5386:
5382:
5371:
5351:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5290:
5269:
5248:
5229:
5210:
5189:
5168:
5147:
5126:
5107:
5088:
5067:
5043:
5019:
4998:
4969:
4948:
4924:
4903:
4882:
4861:
4840:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4799:
4778:
4757:
4736:
4717:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4675:
4654:
4635:
4616:
4597:
4578:
4559:
4538:
4521:Jasienica, Paweł
4516:
4502:
4476:
4457:Frost, Robert I.
4452:
4431:
4409:
4388:
4367:
4346:
4325:
4304:
4292:
4281:
4248:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4207:
4201:
4193:
4182:
4179:Michałowska 1995
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4155:Lewandowski 2014
4152:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4102:
4096:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4004:
3998:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3896:
3890:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3848:
3842:
3829:
3823:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3750:
3741:
3735:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3681:
3675:
3666:
3660:
3651:
3645:
3634:
3628:
3617:
3611:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3452:
3446:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3372:
3366:
3357:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3176:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3124:
3118:
3109:
3103:
3094:
3088:
3079:
3073:
3064:
3058:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3004:
2998:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2974:Kwiatkowski 1883
2971:
2965:
2962:Kwiatkowski 1883
2959:
2946:
2943:Kwiatkowski 1883
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2868:Korytkowski 1883
2865:
2856:
2850:
2839:
2833:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2748:
2691:
2672:
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2648:
2647:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2623:
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2612:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2139:
2130:
2108:
2092:
2074:
2056:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1987:, Władysław (as
1767:restrained him.
1687:was ratified in
1664:nobility and to
1654:Genoese colonies
1616:, in modern-day
1512:Hadım Şehabeddin
1502:, was killed at
1454:Crusade of Varna
1403:Nicholas of Ilok
1297:Helene Kottanner
1270:Habsburg dynasty
1251:Duchy of Austria
1193:Louis I of Anjou
1031:Union of Horodło
987:Jakub Kobylański
980:Teutonic Knights
940:Bodleian Library
869:Kraków Town Hall
850:
779:Coronation, 1434
774:Reign, 1434–1444
765:
734:
719:
688:Duchy of Masovia
652:Council of Basel
617:Hedwig Jagiellon
475:Crusade of Varna
367:Teutonic Knights
326:and a temporary
222:
211:
208:10 November 1444
51:
39:
21:
7037:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7026:
6972:Kings of Poland
6942:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6918:
6910:
6896:
6889:
6876:House of Snačić
6870:
6845:
6768:
6759:
6729:
6724:
6713:
6664:
6581:
6556:
6531:
6512:
6493:
6468:
6449:
6412:
6393:
6374:
6361:
6206:
6098:
6089:
6084:
6054:
6049:
6035:
5986:Stephen Báthory
5976:Henry of Valois
5962:
5914:
5891:
5867:
5846:
5708:
5701:
5636:
5608:
5517:
5512:
5478:
5469:
5464:
5458:King of Hungary
5453:
5443:
5434:
5426:
5405:
5403:31 October 1424
5399:
5398:
5391:
5362:
5359:
5354:
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4720:
4714:
4703:Kronika Krakowa
4699:
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4307:
4301:
4284:
4278:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4245:Wayback Machine
4236:
4232:
4226:Henrique Alemão
4224:
4220:
4208:
4204:
4194:
4185:
4177:
4173:
4165:
4161:
4153:
4146:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4114:
4105:
4097:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4072:Shirogorov 2021
4070:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4016:
4007:
3999:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3972:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3943:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3910:
3899:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3851:
3843:
3832:
3824:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3753:Malone-Lee 2023
3751:
3744:
3736:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3684:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3654:
3646:
3637:
3629:
3620:
3612:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3501:Pálosfalvi 2002
3499:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3455:
3447:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3399:
3389:
3384:
3375:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3303:Błachowska 2009
3301:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3243:
3237:Sužiedėlis 2011
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3127:
3121:Nowakowska 2017
3119:
3112:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3067:
3059:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3007:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2976:, pp. 2–3.
2972:
2968:
2960:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2763:
2754:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2584:
2579:
2127:
2120:
2113:Madalena do Mar
2109:
2100:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2037:
2028:
2025:
2016:
2013:
2001:
1989:Henrique Alemão
1958:Henrique Alemão
1954:Madalena do Mar
1928:According to a
1915:
1864:Wawel Cathedral
1852:
1825:
1756:Varna, Bulgaria
1735:
1733:Battle of Varna
1729:
1701:Gjergj Arianiti
1685:Peace of Szeged
1678:Siege of Rhodes
1602:Stojka Gisdanić
1504:Sântimbru, Alba
1464:Battle of Varna
1456:
1450:
1442:Julian Cesarini
1431:Ladislaus Garai
1360:Counts of Celje
1335:
1329:
1278:King of Croatia
1223:
1213:
1145:Silesian Piasts
1120:in the town of
1111:Edict of Wieluń
1087:
1081:
1057:Brześć Kujawski
1019:Jonas Goštautas
946:, 15th century.
932:
926:
896:Siemowit could
889:
853:Bishop of Płock
844:
781:
776:
759:
728:
713:
699:Catholic clergy
625:
591:initiated anti-
589:Polish nobility
562:Wawel Cathedral
532:as imagined by
526:Wawel Cathedral
518:
512:
507:
471:Julian Cesarini
442:, the imminent
348:Catholic Church
305:Battle of Varna
297:King of Hungary
221:
213:
209:
193:
192:31 October 1424
141:
136:
129:King of Hungary
108:
85:Wawel Cathedral
62:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7035:
7033:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6944:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6926:
6924:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6901:
6899:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6880:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6855:
6853:
6851:House of Árpád
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6778:
6776:
6770:
6769:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6735:
6726:
6725:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6705:
6702:Francis Joseph
6699:
6693:
6687:
6681:
6674:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6662:
6656:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6636:
6622:
6616:
6610:
6604:
6598:
6591:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6576:John Sigismund
6573:
6566:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6548:
6541:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6522:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6503:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6485:
6478:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6459:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6403:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6384:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6353:
6347:
6341:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6301:
6287:
6281:
6275:
6269:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6198:
6188:
6174:
6160:
6144:
6130:
6115:
6113:
6106:
6104:House of Árpád
6100:
6099:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6075:
6068:
6060:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5981:Anna Jagiellon
5978:
5972:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5878:
5876:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:Wenceslaus III
5861:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5713:
5711:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5618:
5616:
5614:Proto-historic
5610:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5527:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5488:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5471:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5436:
5431:King of Poland
5427:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5416:Regnal titles
5413:
5412:
5392:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5358:
5357:External links
5355:
5353:
5352:
5333:
5312:
5291:
5285:
5270:
5264:
5249:
5243:
5230:
5211:
5205:
5190:
5184:
5169:
5163:
5148:
5142:
5127:
5108:
5102:
5089:
5083:
5068:
5062:
5044:
5038:
5020:
5014:
4999:
4985:
4970:
4964:
4949:
4943:
4925:
4919:
4904:
4898:
4883:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4841:
4835:
4820:
4800:
4794:
4779:
4773:
4758:
4752:
4737:
4731:
4718:
4712:
4697:
4676:
4670:
4655:
4636:
4617:
4598:
4592:
4579:
4573:
4560:
4554:
4539:
4517:
4503:
4497:
4477:
4471:
4453:
4447:
4432:
4410:
4404:
4389:
4383:
4368:
4362:
4347:
4341:
4326:
4320:
4305:
4299:
4282:
4276:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4230:
4218:
4202:
4183:
4171:
4159:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4103:
4088:
4076:
4061:
4059:, p. 310.
4049:
4034:
4032:, p. 467.
4030:Jefferson 2012
4022:
4020:, p. 466.
4018:Jefferson 2012
4005:
4003:, p. 465.
4001:Jefferson 2012
3990:
3986:Jefferson 2012
3978:
3976:, p. 464.
3974:Jefferson 2012
3961:
3957:Jefferson 2012
3949:
3928:
3916:
3897:
3882:
3870:
3849:
3830:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3776:
3772:Piechocki 2021
3764:
3742:
3740:, p. 288.
3725:
3713:
3711:, p. 285.
3709:Jefferson 2012
3701:
3682:
3680:, p. 287.
3667:
3665:, p. 239.
3652:
3635:
3618:
3595:
3583:
3568:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3530:, p. 257.
3517:
3515:, p. 164.
3505:
3503:, p. 143.
3486:
3474:
3453:
3451:, p. 236.
3424:
3422:, p. 563.
3412:
3397:
3388:, p. 155.
3386:Jasienica 1965
3373:
3358:
3343:
3341:, p. 140.
3331:
3329:, p. 235.
3319:
3317:, p. 142.
3315:Jasienica 1978
3307:
3305:, p. 325.
3292:
3280:
3268:
3266:, p. 248.
3256:
3254:, p. 393.
3241:
3229:
3217:
3213:Gieysztor 1998
3205:
3190:
3179:Kiaupienė 2008
3166:
3154:
3142:
3140:, p. 507.
3125:
3110:
3095:
3093:, p. 506.
3080:
3065:
3063:, p. 150.
3046:
3044:, p. 234.
3034:
3022:
3020:, p. 311.
3005:
3003:, p. 312.
2990:
2988:, p. 401.
2978:
2966:
2947:
2935:
2933:, p. 148.
2931:Jefferson 2012
2923:
2921:, p. 277.
2908:
2896:
2884:
2872:
2870:, p. 131.
2857:
2855:, p. 468.
2840:
2838:, p. 686.
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2782:
2773:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:Ivan Olshansky
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:Uliana of Tver
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2058:
2051:
2049:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1914:
1911:
1851:
1848:
1824:
1821:
1743:Topkapı Palace
1728:
1725:
1670:Jean de Lastic
1610:Alvise Loredan
1563:Vlad II Dracul
1543:Constantinople
1520:Ialomița River
1449:
1446:
1407:Ban of Croatia
1358:, chiefly the
1328:
1325:
1313:Pope Eugene IV
1309:Székesfehérvár
1217:Central Europe
1212:
1209:
1180:dynastic union
1080:
1077:
999:Livonian Order
972:Teutonic State
925:
922:
888:
885:
780:
777:
775:
772:
711:Abraham Zbąski
664:Greater Poland
624:
621:
511:
508:
506:
503:
452:Central Europe
401:Teutonic State
375:Livonian Order
285:King of Poland
272:
271:
269:Roman Catholic
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
219:Ottoman Empire
212:(aged 20)
206:
202:
201:
190:
186:
185:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
157:17 July 1440,
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
135:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
83:25 July 1434,
81:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
60:King of Poland
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7034:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
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6917:
6913:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6892:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6865:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6756:
6751:
6749:
6744:
6742:
6737:
6736:
6733:
6722:
6716:
6709:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6667:
6660:
6659:Maria Theresa
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6633:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:Ferdinand III
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6584:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6545:Vladislaus II
6543:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6372:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6326:Ladislaus III
6324:
6321:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6112:Grand Princes
6110:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6092:
6088:
6081:
6076:
6074:
6069:
6067:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5943:John I Albert
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5874:Piast dynasty
5870:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:Wenceslaus II
5857:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5710:
5707:Fragmentation
5704:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5642:Piast dynasty
5639:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5502:
5497:
5495:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5463:
5459:
5452:
5446:
5442:
5433:
5432:
5425:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5387:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5334:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5301:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5286:9781592112142
5282:
5278:
5277:
5271:
5267:
5265:9788322321188
5261:
5257:
5256:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5206:9780810875364
5202:
5198:
5197:
5191:
5187:
5185:9780295803623
5181:
5177:
5176:
5170:
5166:
5164:9788372205605
5160:
5156:
5155:
5149:
5145:
5143:963-05-2661-1
5139:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5084:9781793622419
5080:
5076:
5075:
5069:
5065:
5063:9780871691149
5059:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5039:9780299107444
5035:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5015:9780199597260
5011:
5007:
5006:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4971:
4967:
4965:9788370978655
4961:
4957:
4956:
4950:
4946:
4944:9780813221823
4940:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4920:9780226816814
4916:
4912:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4899:9781793626929
4895:
4891:
4890:
4884:
4880:
4878:9788386992102
4874:
4870:
4869:
4863:
4859:
4857:963-9441-58-9
4853:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4836:9781351951555
4832:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4795:9781592111152
4791:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4774:9781576078631
4770:
4766:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4753:9788072861163
4749:
4745:
4744:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4724:
4723:Średniowiecze
4719:
4715:
4713:9788386079070
4709:
4705:
4704:
4698:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4671:9788378594239
4667:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4555:9789004229259
4551:
4547:
4546:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4498:0-521-38296-3
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4472:9780192568144
4468:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4448:9788308025772
4444:
4440:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4405:9781666958706
4401:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4384:9789004349216
4380:
4376:
4375:
4369:
4365:
4363:9788370524449
4359:
4355:
4354:
4348:
4344:
4342:9788375430769
4338:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4321:9788373414341
4317:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4300:9780521478861
4296:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4279:
4277:9780691205397
4273:
4269:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4157:, p. 59.
4156:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4140:Wolnicka 2017
4136:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4118:, p. 92.
4117:
4116:Kiliński 1872
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4101:, p. 58.
4100:
4099:Topolski 1986
4095:
4093:
4089:
4086:, p. 98.
4085:
4080:
4077:
4074:, p. 40.
4073:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3947:, p. 90.
3946:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3914:, p. 89.
3913:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3895:, p. 88.
3894:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3880:, p. 83.
3879:
3874:
3871:
3868:, p. 87.
3867:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3847:, p. 86.
3846:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3813:, p. 82.
3812:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3789:, p. 43.
3788:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3723:, p. 88.
3722:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3648:Museranu 2018
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:, p. 73.
3632:
3631:Museranu 2018
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3616:, p. 72.
3615:
3614:Museranu 2018
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:Museranu 2018
3587:
3584:
3581:, p. 71.
3580:
3579:Museranu 2018
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:, p. 22.
3565:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3545:
3542:, p. 15.
3541:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3484:, p. 34.
3483:
3478:
3475:
3472:, p. 64.
3471:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3410:, p. 70.
3409:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3371:, p. 90.
3370:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3239:, p. 71.
3238:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3225:Mačiukas 2015
3221:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:, p. 23.
3163:
3158:
3155:
3152:, p. 55.
3151:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2894:, p. 59.
2893:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Saint Joachim
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1789:heavy cavalry
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:propugnaculum
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1362:(Cilli), the
1361:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1205:Ottoman Turks
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:death warrant
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:confederation
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
941:
936:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
899:
894:
886:
884:
882:
879:in the royal
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:feudal homage
858:
854:
848:
843:
839:
834:
832:
831:
830:signum crucis
826:
822:
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814:
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798:
790:
785:
778:
773:
771:
769:
763:
758:
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750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
727:
723:
717:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:Piast dynasty
676:
671:
669:
668:Lesser Poland
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
629:
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:In 1427, the
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
535:
531:
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390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Piast lineage
338:, who was of
337:
333:
332:Lesser Polish
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
270:
267:
263:
260:
257:
253:
250:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
226:
223:(present-day
220:
216:
207:
203:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:Contested by
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
42:Władysław III
40:
37:
33:
19:
6884:Petar Snačić
6817:Krešimir III
6720:
6632:Ferdinand IV
6627:(1637–1657)
6619:Ferdinand II
6507:Vladislaus I
6506:
6350:Ladislaus IV
6297:Ladislaus II
6292:(1162–1172)
6194:
6184:
6180:
6170:
6166:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6140:
6136:
6126:
6122:
6043:
6026:Augustus III
5932:
5803:
5714:
5669:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5456:
5429:
5424:Władysław II
5407:
5400:
5393:
5379:
5373:
5338:
5325:. Retrieved
5320:
5304:. Retrieved
5299:
5275:
5254:
5234:
5215:
5195:
5174:
5153:
5134:
5131:
5113:
5093:
5073:
5052:
5028:
5004:
4975:
4954:
4933:
4929:Pope Pius II
4909:
4888:
4867:
4848:
4845:
4825:
4812:. Retrieved
4808:
4784:
4763:
4742:
4722:
4702:
4689:. Retrieved
4685:the original
4660:
4641:
4622:
4603:
4583:
4564:
4544:
4525:
4511:
4488:
4461:
4437:
4418:
4414:Długosz, Jan
4394:
4373:
4352:
4331:
4310:
4288:
4266:
4252:
4233:
4221:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4174:
4167:Długosz 1869
4162:
4135:
4123:
4079:
4052:
4025:
3981:
3952:
3919:
3873:
3806:
3799:Treptow 2022
3794:
3767:
3716:
3704:
3586:
3559:
3552:Ágoston 2023
3547:
3535:
3508:
3477:
3470:Ágoston 2023
3420:Długosz 1869
3415:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3283:
3271:
3259:
3232:
3220:
3208:
3157:
3150:Olejnik 1996
3145:
3138:Długosz 1869
3106:Długosz 1869
3091:Długosz 1869
3037:
3025:
2981:
2969:
2964:, p. 2.
2945:, p. 1.
2938:
2926:
2919:Duczmal 1996
2904:Duczmal 1996
2899:
2887:
2875:
2831:
2819:Bibliography
2807:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2776:
2750:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2650:Christianity
2358:
2078:
2060:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1957:
1941:
1927:
1921:
1892:
1889:
1875:
1869:
1837:
1826:
1806:
1793:Pope Pius II
1782:
1769:
1748:
1682:
1626:
1586:diet in Buda
1583:
1554:
1547:River Danube
1524:
1500:György Lépes
1473:
1439:
1411:
1380:
1376:John Hunyadi
1372:Transylvania
1364:Garai family
1353:
1345:
1342:John Hunyadi
1286:
1284:since 1102.
1267:
1240:
1177:
1138:
1126:high treason
1122:Nowy Korczyn
1108:
1085:Hussite Wars
1042:
1035:
984:
949:
911:
906:
890:
857:Wawel Castle
855:, rode from
835:
828:
800:
794:
696:
672:
637:
593:Jagiellonian
586:
558:his consorts
539:
456:
448:Southeastern
405:
382:
360:
327:
317:
289:Supreme Duke
280:
276:
275:
210:(1444-11-10)
36:
6957:1444 deaths
6952:1424 births
6930:Tomislav II
6886:(pretender)
6859:Ladislaus I
6710:(1916–1918)
6704:(1848–1916)
6698:(1835–1848)
6696:Ferdinand V
6692:(1792–1835)
6686:(1790–1792)
6680:(1780–1790)
6661:(1740–1780)
6655:(1711–1740)
6653:Charles III
6649:(1705–1711)
6643:(1657–1705)
6634:(1647–1654)
6621:(1619–1637)
6615:(1608–1619)
6613:Matthias II
6609:(1576–1608)
6603:(1564–1576)
6597:(1526–1564)
6595:Ferdinand I
6578:(1540–1570)
6572:(1526–1540)
6553:(1516–1526)
6547:(1490–1516)
6528:(1458–1490)
6509:(1440–1444)
6490:(1440–1457)
6488:Ladislaus V
6484:(1437–1439)
6465:(1387–1437)
6446:(1385–1386)
6434:(1342–1382)
6428:(1308–1342)
6409:(1305–1307)
6390:(1301–1305)
6358:(1290–1301)
6352:(1272–1290)
6346:(1270–1272)
6340:(1235–1270)
6334:(1205–1235)
6328:(1204–1205)
6322:(1196–1204)
6316:(1172–1196)
6307:(1163–1165)
6299:(1162–1163)
6290:Stephen III
6286:(1141–1162)
6280:(1131–1141)
6274:(1116–1131)
6268:(1095–1116)
6262:(1077–1095)
6260:Ladislaus I
6256:(1074–1077)
6250:(1063–1074)
6244:(1060–1063)
6238:(1046–1060)
6232:(1041–1044)
6220:(1000–1038)
6096:Family tree
6021:Stanisław I
5797:Przemysł II
5476:Ladislaus V
4084:Besala 2003
4057:Setton 1969
3945:Setton 1976
3924:Setton 1976
3912:Setton 1976
3893:Setton 1976
3878:Setton 1976
3866:Setton 1976
3845:Setton 1976
3826:Setton 1976
3811:Setton 1976
3787:Cazacu 2017
3738:Setton 1969
3697:Setton 1969
3678:Setton 1969
3513:Šmahel 2011
3482:Beller 2006
3276:Kiaupa 2000
3162:Prokop 2001
2836:Murray 2006
2729:Vladislav I
2097:Jan Matejko
2095:Drawing by
1813:interregnum
1765:Janissaries
1592:and to the
1468:Jan Matejko
1391:John Jiskra
1387:mercenaries
956:Švitrigaila
845: [
838:Jan Długosz
836:Chronicler
807:before the
760: [
729: [
714: [
534:Jan Matejko
384:curia regis
371:Švitrigaila
165:Predecessor
123:(1434–1438)
107:(1444–1447)
105:Interregnum
91:Predecessor
6946:Categories
6841:Stephen II
6792:Krešimir I
6787:Trpimir II
6708:Charles IV
6684:Leopold II
6601:Maximilian
6526:Matthias I
6444:Charles II
6388:Wenceslaus
6356:Andrew III
6305:Stephen IV
6272:Stephen II
6203:(997–1000)
6197:. 972–997)
5938:Casimir IV
5581:Leszko III
5470:1440–1444
5441:Casimir IV
5435:1434–1444
5321:zpe.gov.pl
5244:0929700252
4732:8301114525
4632:1355986126
4613:1412087021
4593:9986921694
4574:9986810132
4214:A Lenda...
3564:Stone 2014
3540:Davis 2024
3339:Frost 2018
3288:Urban 2003
3252:Scott 2015
2756:Lithuanian
2720:I. Ulászló
2699:Wladislaus
2695:Vladislaus
2045:mound tomb
1966:Saint Anne
1930:Portuguese
1903:mound tomb
1840:homosexual
1809:Casimir IV
1796:contained
1721:corruption
1662:Neapolitan
1656:and Pera (
1622:Asia Minor
1557:, or the "
1427:Bratislava
1045:commanders
1027:vicegerent
1007:Ruthenians
907:provisores
881:procession
821:hereditary
809:anointment
797:coronation
724:movement,
722:Protestant
690:since the
684:Siemowit V
642:(known in
554:Lithuanian
514:See also:
495:Casimir IV
328:provisores
154:Coronation
79:Coronation
6826:Stephen I
6678:Joseph II
6641:Leopold I
6463:Sigismund
6426:Charles I
6344:Stephen V
6332:Andrew II
6218:Stephen I
5948:Alexander
5872:Restored
5804:See also:
5650:Mieszko I
5632:Siemomysł
5599:Chościsko
5594:Popiel II
5574:Leszko II
5546:Krakus II
5523:Legendary
5339:Twórczość
5226:74-114275
5123:726801449
4995:877250752
4651:749409692
4535:837234270
4428:919560600
2824:Citations
2743:Bulgarian
2716:Hungarian
2707:Ladislaus
2703:Wladislas
2674:Biography
2158:Gediminas
1978:Jerusalem
1934:Holy Land
1872:Habsburgs
1844:sexuality
1713:Bosphorus
1705:Macedonia
1697:Black Sea
1488:Mezid Bey
1323:monarch.
1321:Christian
1182:with the
1157:Pomerania
1103:Pomerania
978:with the
703:Hussitism
440:Habsburgs
412:Pomerania
322:acted as
239:Jagiellon
175:Successor
149:1440–1444
101:Successor
73:1434–1444
6866:as duke)
6797:Miroslav
6782:Tomislav
6762:Monarchs
6647:Joseph I
6551:Louis II
6314:Béla III
6236:Andrew I
5762:Konrad I
5692:Zbigniew
5622:Siemowit
5588:Popiel I
5567:Leszko I
5539:Krakus I
5366:(1911).
5327:17 March
5306:27 March
5050:(1976).
5026:(1969).
4931:(2013).
4814:27 March
4809:muzhp.pl
4523:(1978).
4483:(1998).
4459:(2018).
4416:(1869).
4241:Archived
3076:Pac 2022
3061:Pac 2022
2765:Croatian
2711:Ladislas
2662:Monarchy
2582:See also
2184:Algirdas
2125:Ancestry
2111:Church,
1964:meeting
1899:cenotaph
1860:cenotaph
1802:brunette
1672:and his
1629:Piotrków
1539:Anatolia
1484:Murad II
1435:Bátaszék
1418:Slovenia
1383:Slovakia
1356:magnates
1301:Visegrád
1243:Austrian
1021:and the
1011:Moldavia
997:and the
968:Volhynia
918:Piotrków
903:oligarch
873:Masovian
865:burghers
745:magnates
656:interrex
609:magnates
605:adultery
491:Bulgaria
487:Murad II
373:and the
352:Hussites
265:Religion
225:Bulgaria
6821:Gojslav
6766:Croatia
6721:italics
6690:Francis
6607:Rudolph
6432:Louis I
6338:Béla IV
6284:Géza II
6278:Béla II
6266:Coloman
6248:Solomon
6201:Stephen
6177:Taksony
6044:Italics
5910:Jadwiga
5660:Bezprym
5553:Lech II
5462:Croatia
5348:1767892
4374:Dracula
4257:Sources
2638:Croatia
2626:Hungary
2600:Portals
2117:Madeira
2065:, 1519.
2004:Gallery
1999:Gallery
1948:. King
1946:Madeira
1880:polemic
1876:Annales
1829:swarthy
1785:sipahis
1760:heroism
1693:abjured
1676:in the
1634:Balkans
1559:bulwark
1516:Rumelia
1350:, 1488.
1317:crusade
1201:Galicia
1165:Silesia
1153:Kuyavia
1099:Silesia
1095:Prussia
1067:or the
1015:Casimir
893:regency
863:by the
707:Bohemia
675:demesne
582:baptism
459:Balkans
444:Ottoman
408:Silesia
399:on the
301:Croatia
291:of the
234:Dynasty
133:Croatia
6482:Albert
6320:Emeric
6254:Géza I
6242:Béla I
6230:Samuel
6187:. 972)
6183:. 955–
6173:. 955)
6169:. 947–
6159:. 947)
6155:. 907–
6148:Zoltán
6143:. 907)
6139:. 895–
6129:. 895)
6125:. 850–
5709:period
5627:Lestek
5532:Lech I
5451:Albert
5406:
5346:
5283:
5262:
5241:
5224:
5203:
5182:
5161:
5140:
5121:
5100:
5081:
5060:
5036:
5012:
4993:
4983:
4962:
4941:
4917:
4896:
4875:
4854:
4833:
4792:
4771:
4750:
4729:
4710:
4691:3 June
4668:
4649:
4630:
4611:
4590:
4571:
4552:
4533:
4495:
4469:
4445:
4426:
4402:
4381:
4360:
4339:
4318:
4297:
4274:
2725:Slovak
2614:Poland
1850:Legacy
1798:blonde
1773:Caesar
1752:battle
1689:Oradea
1658:Galata
1618:Greece
1606:Edirne
1567:Mircea
1492:akinji
1399:Sopron
1395:County
1197:Halych
1149:gentry
1115:ad hoc
1073:clergy
1043:komtur
1040:, and
960:fealty
944:Oxford
819:, not
749:Opatów
735:, and
648:Poznań
542:Kraków
530:Kraków
479:battle
467:papacy
465:, the
324:regent
283:, was
255:Mother
245:Father
195:Kraków
169:Albert
117:Regent
112:(1447)
6864:Álmos
6438:Maria
6224:Peter
6211:Kings
6163:Fajsz
6133:Árpád
6119:Álmos
5560:Wanda
5408:Died:
5401:Born:
5315:ZPE.
2734:Czech
2681:Notes
2216:Jaunė
1895:Varna
1833:piety
1777:azebs
1642:Greek
1496:Sibiu
1486:sent
976:truce
849:]
825:altar
764:]
733:]
718:]
644:Latin
601:Anjou
597:Piast
483:Varna
215:Varna
146:Reign
70:Reign
6570:John
6407:Otto
6191:Géza
5460:and
5344:OCLC
5329:2024
5308:2024
5281:ISBN
5260:ISBN
5239:ISBN
5222:LCCN
5201:ISBN
5180:ISBN
5159:ISBN
5138:ISBN
5119:OCLC
5098:ISBN
5079:ISBN
5058:ISBN
5034:ISBN
5010:ISBN
4991:OCLC
4981:ISBN
4960:ISBN
4939:ISBN
4915:ISBN
4894:ISBN
4873:ISBN
4852:ISBN
4831:ISBN
4816:2024
4790:ISBN
4769:ISBN
4748:ISBN
4727:ISBN
4708:ISBN
4693:2016
4666:ISBN
4647:OCLC
4628:OCLC
4609:OCLC
4588:ISBN
4569:ISBN
4550:ISBN
4531:OCLC
4493:ISBN
4467:ISBN
4443:ISBN
4424:OCLC
4400:ISBN
4379:ISBN
4358:ISBN
4337:ISBN
4316:ISBN
4295:ISBN
4272:ISBN
3759:help
3392:help
3185:help
2395:12.
2276:10.
2039:The
1644:for
1422:Győr
1366:and
1259:Buda
1229:The
1219:and
1101:and
1065:Pope
914:Sejm
805:oath
599:and
576:and
568:and
450:and
299:and
287:and
205:Died
189:Born
131:and
6764:of
2880:ZPE
2709:or
2473:3.
2357:1.
2302:5.
2240:2.
2214:9.
2182:4.
2156:8.
1397:of
1307:in
1055:in
942:in
867:at
528:in
481:at
410:or
6948::
6819:/
5372:.
5319:.
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4008:^
3993:^
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3346:^
3295:^
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3193:^
3169:^
3128:^
3113:^
3098:^
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2911:^
2860:^
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716:pl
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