395:, are among the most intelligent of animals. The brain-to-body mass ratio of adult scrub jays rivals that of chimpanzees and cetaceans, and is dwarfed only by that of humans. Scrub jays are also the only non-primate or non-dolphin shown to plan ahead for the future, which was previously thought of as a uniquely human trait. Other studies have shown that they can remember locations of over 200 food caches, as well as the food item in each cache and its rate of decay. To protect their caches from pilfering conspecifics, scrub-jays will choose locations out-of-sight of their competitors, or re-cache caches once they are alone, suggesting that they can take into account the perspective of others.
404:
built low in trees or bushes, 1–10 m (3.3–32.8 ft) above the ground, primarily by the female, while the male guards her efforts. The nests are sturdy, with an outside diameter of 33–58 cm (13–23 in), constructed on a platform of twigs with moss and dry grasses lined with fine roots and hair. Four to six eggs are laid from March through July, with some regional variations. There are two common shell color variations: pale green with irregular, olive-colored spots or markings; and pale grayish-white to green with reddish-brown spots. The female incubates the eggs for about 16 days. The young leave the nest about 18 days after hatching.
42:
228:
94:
69:
357:. To protect their caches from potential 'pilferers', food storing birds implement a number of strategies to reduce this risk of theft. Western scrub jays are also known for hoarding and burying brightly colored objects. Woodhouse's scrub jays have a mischievous streak, and they are not above outright theft. They have been caught stealing acorns from
331:
Woodhouse's scrub jays usually forage in pairs, family groups, or small non-kin groups, outside of the breeding season. They feed on small animals, such as frogs and lizards, eggs and young of other birds, insects, and (particularly in winter) grains, nuts, and berries. They can be aggressive towards
348:
within their territories. They rely on highly accurate and complex memories to recover the hidden caches, often after long periods of time. In the process of collecting and storing this food, they have shown an ability to plan ahead in choosing cache sites to provide adequate food volume and variety
298:
Woodhouse's scrub jay is a medium-sized bird, approximately 27–31 cm (11–12 in) in length (including its tail), with a 39 cm (15 in) wingspan, and about 80 g (2.8 oz) in weight. The species has a blue head, wings, and tail; a gray-brown back; and grayish underparts. The
762:
Bright blue head color, with blackish ear patches. Faint white supercilium. Back grayish-brown, blue towards the tail. Light gray streaks on throat; traces of a faint grayish or grayish-blue breast collar. Thighs smoky gray. Remiges and rectrices dark dull blue. Large, with very long wings. Heavy,
403:
The chicks start off fully gray. The older they get, the more they turn blue. On their heads, chicks tend to have a red crest that resembles a comb (Mostly seen on chickens). The chick will lose its crest at day seven, just like the way the baby chickens lose their egg tooth at 5–7 days. Nests are
299:
throat is whitish with a partial blue breast band ("necklace"). The call is described as "harsh and scratchy". Compared to the
California scrub jay, Woodhouse's has a duller blue, darker gray underparts, a less distinct blue necklace, and a straighter bill.
611:
with hint of breast collar. Lower breast with brownish hue, large white patch on lower belly. Undertail coverts white; in adult males usually with some blue feather tips. Back quite brown. Young birds conspicuously paler than in
282:; the taxon was then called simply the scrub jay. Woodhouse's scrub jay is nonmigratory and can be found in urban areas, where it can become tame and will come to bird feeders. While many refer to scrub jays as "blue jays", the
365:. Some scrub jays steal acorns they have watched other jays hide. When these birds go to hide their own acorns, they check first that no other jays are watching. Western scrub jays sometimes land on the backs of
377:
present on the deer. The deer seem to appreciate the help, often standing still and holding up their ears to give the jays access. The scrub jay even will eat peanuts off a human hand.
3727:
3717:
1203:
1138:
1013:
1484:– University of Cambridge Comparative Psychology of Learning and Cognition Lab article on studies of the cognitive abilities of western scrub jays (Archived on the
436:
of a single "scrub jay" species. They are now believed to be distinct. Beyond the close relationship of the "California" and island scrub jays, resolution of their
3742:
3640:
323:
bosques. Woodhouse's scrub jays are very common west of the southern Rocky
Mountains, and can be found in scrub-brush, boreal forests, and temperate forests.
3707:
3578:
3614:
1327:(2006). "The rationality of animal memory: Complex caching strategies of western scrub jays". In Hurley, Susan & Nudds, Matthew (eds.).
964:
3732:
1513:
3722:
1468:
1217:
Isenhart, Frank R.; David F. Desante (1 February 1985). "Observations of scrub jays cleaning ectoparasites from black-tailed deer".
929:
3737:
1152:
Dally, J. M., Emery, N. J. & Clayton, N. S. (2006). "Food-caching western scrub-jays keep track of who was watching when".
1481:
573:
Blue of neck with dull grayish hue; back grayish brown. Undertail coverts blue. Bill heavy but straight, hardly hooked at tip.
1341:
3619:
465:
Woodhouse's scrub jay differs in plumage (paler blue above, with an indistinct and usually incomplete breast band) from the
274:, and collectively called the western scrub jay. Prior to that both of them were also considered the same species as the
1665:
925:
287:
949:
93:
3645:
3533:
1358:
3143:
3134:
1904:
735:
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is a different species of bird entirely. Woodhouse's scrub jay is named for the
American naturalist and explorer
3653:
1844:
744:
2090:
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faint and small. Underside quite light; lower belly white. Undertail coverts dull white. Bill and wings as in
631:
332:
other birds, for example, they have been known to steal hoarded acorns from Acorn
Woodpecker granary trees.
205:
3658:
3495:
2033:
1895:
1796:
1506:
842:κόμη) "hair", in reference to the lack of striped or banded feathers in this genus compared to other jays.
2765:
1913:
1725:
1402:
1197:
1132:
1007:
883:
665:
188:
2165:
362:
3368:
3052:
2629:
2222:
2024:
2015:
1853:
1774:
1765:
1276:
1161:
1044:
469:, which are darker blue above with a strongly defined–but not necessarily complete–blue breast band.
466:
271:
50:
3712:
3209:
2954:
2514:
2469:
2373:
2267:
2213:
2006:
1922:
1835:
1716:
58:
3632:
1328:
3440:
3422:
3395:
3377:
2822:
2795:
2647:
2523:
2319:
2174:
2156:
1886:
1862:
1383:
1302:
1234:
1185:
1068:
995:
645:, with a hint of a blue collar. Undertail coverts white. Long wings and fairly short, heavy bill.
601:
444:
88:
3593:
1261:
3666:
3552:
3290:
3236:
3200:
3088:
3079:
2729:
2593:
2505:
2418:
2355:
2346:
2147:
2137:
1619:
1499:
1464:
1337:
1294:
1262:"Western scrub-jays anticipate future needs independently of their current motivational state"
1177:
1120:
1060:
987:
688:
521:
386:
279:
41:
539:; light blue undertail coverts. Bill longish, quite pointed, and tapering, not hooked at tip.
349:
for the future. Woodhouse's scrub jays are also able to rely on their accurate observational
3671:
3386:
3308:
3245:
3176:
3061:
2702:
2638:
2409:
2328:
1734:
1421:
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1226:
1169:
1110:
1102:
1052:
979:
933:
878:
358:
275:
227:
1091:"Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist"
805:
The common name of this subspecies commemorates the
Mexican naturalist Francis Sumichrast.
472:
A subgroup of
Woodhouse's scrub jay living in interior southern Mexico is sometimes called
3281:
3263:
2878:
2868:
2738:
2711:
2240:
2231:
1969:
1698:
1689:
1485:
860:
593:
459:
447:
421:
17:
3684:
1280:
1165:
1095:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1048:
3326:
3097:
2945:
2382:
2249:
1978:
1743:
1656:
1324:
1320:
1257:
1253:
1115:
1090:
1032:
1028:
950:"Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay Similar Species to, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
354:
909:
Curry, Robert L.; Peterson, A. Townsend & Langen, T.A. (2002): Western Scrub Jay (
3701:
3431:
3413:
2720:
2693:
2541:
2439:
2337:
1610:
1565:
1426:
869:
828:
255:
78:
73:
1491:
1189:
999:
391:
Recent research has suggested that
Woodhouse's scrub jays, along with several other
3317:
3254:
3001:
2774:
2668:
2611:
2559:
2487:
2448:
2391:
2364:
2204:
1960:
1826:
1707:
1306:
1072:
509:
451:
3557:
3544:
3518:
3627:
3601:
3527:
3344:
3227:
3121:
3106:
3010:
2831:
2620:
2602:
2568:
2550:
2496:
2258:
1680:
703:
692:
505:
432:
The
Woodhouse's, California, island, and Florida scrub jay were once considered
308:
307:
True to its name, Woodhouse's scrub jay inhabits areas of low scrub, preferring
3679:
3462:
3272:
3191:
3158:
3039:
2992:
2983:
2747:
2532:
2478:
1993:
1647:
1559:
1553:
1289:
791:
513:
433:
374:
270:. Woodhouse's scrub jay was until recently considered the same species as the
165:
1401:
Rice, Nathan H.; Martínez-Meyer, Enrique & Peterson, A. Townsend (2003).
3404:
3359:
3335:
3299:
3218:
2936:
2813:
2804:
2756:
2400:
1173:
437:
366:
251:
145:
105:
1298:
1181:
1124:
1106:
1064:
991:
3512:
3167:
2911:
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2122:
1951:
1877:
1581:
1541:
1535:
1523:
783:
748:
673:
669:
345:
320:
283:
155:
125:
1056:
3583:
2859:
2055:
1637:
1387:
1238:
563:
412:
The life span of wild
Woodhouse's scrub jays is approximately 9 years.
392:
341:
312:
3606:
2296:
2194:
1816:
1601:
1035:(22 February 2007). "Planning for the future by western scrub-jays".
756:
752:
517:
350:
267:
259:
115:
3570:
3489:
1379:
1230:
983:
937:
1460:
Crows and jays: a guide to the crows, jays and magpies of the world
1443:
Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds
3565:
825:
567:
455:
441:
370:
263:
2286:
1547:
559:
135:
3493:
2908:
2119:
1578:
1495:
932:, Washington, D.C. Online version, retrieved 25 February 2007.
718:
482:
3029:
2973:
1941:
316:
508:
from N Nevada southwards, some isolated mountain ranges in
1359:"A fossil scrub-jay supports a recent systematic decision"
963:
Clayton, N. S., Bussey, T. J. & Dickinson, A. (2003).
1089:
Clayton, N. S., Dally, J. M. & Emery, N. J. (2007).
319:
woods, edges of mixed evergreen forests, and sometimes
965:"Can animals recall the past and plan for the future?"
702:. Back brown with blue tinge, sometimes quite bluish.
3502:
3453:
3357:
3189:
3156:
3119:
3037:
3027:
2981:
2971:
2934:
2925:
2857:
2848:
2294:
2284:
2202:
2191:
2145:
2136:
2081:
2072:
2046:
1991:
1949:
1939:
1875:
1824:
1813:
1787:
1756:
1678:
1645:
1636:
1599:
1592:
884:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103727785A112293863.en
596:(Texas); area and extent of possible contact with
512:and Mojave Desert from E California to the SW of
344:, exploit ephemeral surpluses by storing food in
458:, namely a Pacific one west and one east of the
440:history has proven very difficult. Judging from
420:Populations are being adversely affected by the
695:at higher-altitude woodland towards S of range.
728:Aphelocoma woodhouseii/sumichrasti sumichrasti
532:group) at the north-western edge of its range.
1507:
1336:. Oxford University Press. pp. 197–216.
361:caches and robbing seeds and pine cones from
8:
1202:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1137:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1012:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
634:, primarily in Chihuahua; intergrading with
570:, sometimes ranging farther into that state.
3728:Birds of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
3490:
3034:
2978:
2931:
2922:
2905:
2854:
2291:
2199:
2142:
2133:
2116:
2078:
1946:
1821:
1642:
1596:
1589:
1575:
1514:
1500:
1492:
1084:
1082:
600:undetermined. Possibly this subspecies at
226:
67:
40:
31:
3718:Native birds of the Western United States
1425:
1414:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1403:"Ecological niche differentiation in the
1288:
1114:
882:
769:Aphelocoma woodhouseii/sumichrasti remota
1445:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 329.
340:Woodhouse's scrub jays, like many other
905:
903:
901:
851:
1441:Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003).
1195:
1130:
1005:
3743:Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird
604:, where species settled in the 1950s.
7:
801:. Largest of all western scrub jays.
721:Aphelocoma (woodhouseii) sumichrasti
485:Aphelocoma (woodhouseii) woodhouseii
3708:IUCN Red List least concern species
1458:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1994):
870:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
815:
558:Rocky Mountains foothills, from N
545:Aphelocoma woodhouseii woodhouseii
353:to steal food from caches made by
25:
1407:jays: a phylogenetic perspective"
917:Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.):
566:south through NW Chihuahua and W
1482:It takes a thief to know a thief
1427:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00242.x
834:(from ἀφελής-) "simple" + Latin
92:
859:BirdLife International (2017).
651:Aphelocoma woodhouseii cyanotis
930:American Ornithologists' Union
492:Aphelocoma woodhouseii nevadae
1:
1666:Black racket-tailed treepie (
622:Aphelocoma woodhouseii grisea
579:Aphelocoma woodhouseii texana
972:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
786:. Apparently separated from
258:, ranging from southeastern
3144:White-throated Magpie-jay (
3135:Black-throated magpie-jay (
1905:Yellow-billed blue magpie (
1027:Raby, C. R.; D. M. Alexis;
926:Academy of Natural Sciences
710:, young birds browner than
676:; generally separated from
616:. Heavy, fairly blunt bill.
288:Samuel Washington Woodhouse
3759:
3733:Fauna of the Mojave Desert
1845:Indochinese green magpie (
1357:Emslie, Steven D. (1996).
919:The Birds of North America
877:: e.T103727785A112293863.
524:. Some hybridization with
384:
18:Woodhouse's scrub-jay
2921:
2904:
2132:
2115:
1588:
1574:
1530:
1522:Extant species of family
1462:. A&C Black, London.
1290:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.063
928:, Philadelphia, PA &
731:(Baird and Ridgway, 1874)
691:. Apparently replaced by
592:Hitherto only known from
225:
218:
213:
194:
187:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
3723:Birds of the Great Basin
1896:Red-billed blue magpie (
1797:Ratchet-tailed treepie (
797:Duller and lighter than
719:Sumichrast's scrub jay,
641:Lighter and larger than
535:Lighter and duller than
3738:Birds described in 1858
3071:Woodhouse's scrub jay (
2766:Hispaniolan palm crow (
2091:Stresemann's bushcrow (
1914:Sri Lanka blue magpie (
1726:White-bellied treepie (
1174:10.1126/science.1126539
747:southeastwards through
698:Larger and duller than
632:Sierra Madre Occidental
483:Woodhouse's scrub jay,
3685:Aphelocoma-woodhouseii
3534:Aphelocoma woodhouseii
3504:Aphelocoma woodhouseii
3369:Silvery-throated jay (
3053:California scrub jay (
2630:Eastern carrion crow (
2223:Yellow-billed magpie (
2025:Turkestan ground jay (
2016:Mongolian ground jay (
1854:Bornean green magpie (
1775:Bornean black magpie (
1766:Malayan black magpie (
1323:; Emery, Nathan &
1107:10.1098/rstb.2006.1992
911:Aphelocoma californica
863:Aphelocoma californica
782:SW Oaxaca and central
776:Chilpancingo scrub jay
736:Sumichrast's scrub jay
474:Sumichrast's scrub jay
198:Aphelocoma woodhouseii
35:Woodhouse's scrub jay
3210:Purplish-backed jay (
2955:Azure-winged magpie (
2515:Eastern jungle crow (
2470:Slender-billed crow (
2374:New Caledonian crow (
2268:Black-rumped magpie (
2214:Black-billed magpie (
2007:Xinjiang ground jay (
1923:White-winged magpie (
1836:Common green magpie (
1717:Black-faced treepie (
763:slightly hooked bill.
666:Sierra Madre Oriental
552:Woodhouse's scrub jay
237:Woodhouse's scrub jay
3594:woodhouses-scrub-jay
3441:White-collared jay (
3423:Black-throated jay (
3396:White-throated jay (
3378:Black-collared jay (
2823:Thick-billed raven (
2796:White-necked raven (
2648:Brown-necked raven (
2524:Indian jungle crow (
2175:Kashmir nutcracker (
2166:Clark's nutcracker (
2157:Spotted nutcracker (
2034:Iranian ground jay (
1887:Taiwan blue magpie (
1863:Javan green magpie (
683:; range adjacent to
658:Blue-eared scrub jay
479:The subspecies are:
467:California scrub jay
454:data, there are two
272:California scrub jay
51:Santa Fe, New Mexico
3291:Bushy-crested jay (
3237:Plush-crested jay (
3201:Black-chested jay (
3089:Transvolcanic jay (
3080:Florida scrub jay (
2730:White-necked crow (
2594:Mesopotamian crow (
2506:Large-billed crow (
2419:White-billed crow (
2356:Bougainville crow (
2347:Brown-headed crow (
1620:Red-billed chough (
1281:2007CBio...17..856C
1166:2006Sci...312.1662D
1057:10.1038/nature05575
1049:2007Natur.445..919R
363:Clark's nutcrackers
180:A. woodhouseii
59:Conservation status
3387:Azure-hooded jay (
3309:White-tailed jay (
3246:Curl-crested jay (
3062:Island scrub jay (
2703:Chihuahuan raven (
2639:Fan-tailed raven (
2410:Long-billed crow (
2329:Australian raven (
1735:Sumatran treepie (
1325:Dickinson, Anthony
602:Caprock Escarpment
445:NADH dehydrogenase
254:native to western
250:) is a species of
3695:
3694:
3667:Open Tree of Life
3496:Taxon identifiers
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3282:Azure-naped jay (
3264:White-naped jay (
3023:
3022:
2967:
2966:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2844:
2843:
2739:Cuban palm crow (
2732:C. leucognaphalus
2712:Tamaulipas crow (
2696:C. brachyrhynchos
2280:
2279:
2241:Oriental magpie (
2232:Eurasian magpie (
2187:
2186:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2068:
2067:
1970:Lanceolated jay (
1935:
1934:
1898:U. erythrorhyncha
1809:
1808:
1699:Bornean treepie (
1690:Andaman treepie (
1632:
1631:
1471:
1330:Rational Animals?
1043:(7130): 919–921.
773:
732:
689:Chihuahuan Desert
668:, Mexico, from S
655:
626:
583:
549:
496:
387:Bird intelligence
280:Florida scrub jay
234:
233:
82:
16:(Redirected from
3750:
3688:
3687:
3675:
3674:
3662:
3661:
3649:
3648:
3636:
3635:
3623:
3622:
3610:
3609:
3597:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3574:
3573:
3561:
3560:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3491:
3465:G. cyanocephalus
3327:Violaceous jay (
3293:C. melanocyaneus
3128:
3098:Unicolored jay (
3046:
3035:
2979:
2946:Iberian magpie (
2932:
2923:
2916:
2906:
2855:
2825:C. crassirostris
2792:
2788:Tropical African
2690:
2686:Central American
2665:
2590:
2508:C. macrorhynchos
2466:
2436:
2383:Torresian crow (
2349:C. fuscicapillus
2316:
2292:
2250:Maghreb magpie (
2200:
2177:N. multipunctata
2159:N. caryocatactes
2143:
2134:
2127:
2117:
2079:
2000:
1947:
1822:
1744:Rufous treepie (
1657:Hooded treepie (
1643:
1597:
1590:
1576:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1493:
1463:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1411:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1292:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1193:
1160:(5780): 1662–5.
1149:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1118:
1101:(1480): 507–22.
1086:
1077:
1076:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1003:
969:
960:
954:
953:
946:
940:
907:
896:
895:
893:
891:
886:
856:
819:
771:
745:Distrito Federal
730:
653:
624:
581:
547:
526:A. w. oocleptica
499:Nevada scrub jay
494:
359:acorn woodpecker
351:spatial memories
346:scattered caches
276:island scrub jay
230:
200:
97:
96:
76:
71:
70:
44:
32:
21:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3665:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3639:
3631:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3590:
3582:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3556:
3551:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3498:
3488:
3471:
3449:
3432:Turquoise jay (
3414:Beautiful jay (
3353:
3320:C. sanblasianus
3248:C. cristatellus
3185:
3177:Steller's jay (
3152:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3082:A. coerulescens
3044:
3043:
3019:
3013:P. internigrans
2963:
2927:
2917:
2914:
2888:
2879:Western jackdaw
2869:Daurian jackdaw
2840:
2785:
2775:Sinaloan crow (
2721:Jamaican crow (
2705:C. cryptoleucus
2694:American crow (
2679:
2658:
2579:
2542:Collared crow (
2517:C. levaillantii
2459:
2440:Hawaiian crow (
2429:
2376:C. moneduloides
2338:Bismarck crow (
2305:
2276:
2193:
2183:
2128:
2125:
2099:
2074:
2064:
2042:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1931:
1907:U. flavirostris
1871:
1815:
1805:
1783:
1752:
1674:
1628:
1611:Alpine chough (
1584:
1570:
1526:
1520:
1486:Wayback Machine
1478:
1455:
1453:Further reading
1450:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1380:10.2307/1369850
1361:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1333:
1321:Clayton, Nicola
1319:
1318:
1314:
1269:Current Biology
1264:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1231:10.2307/1367147
1216:
1215:
1211:
1194:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1129:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1004:
984:10.1038/nrn1180
967:
962:
961:
957:
948:
947:
943:
938:10.2173/bna.712
908:
899:
889:
887:
858:
857:
853:
849:
814:
811:
724:
638:at NW of range.
594:Edwards Plateau
586:Texas scrub jay
520:and extreme NW
488:
460:Rocky Mountains
430:
422:West Nile virus
418:
410:
401:
389:
383:
338:
329:
305:
296:
209:
202:
196:
183:
91:
83:
72:
68:
61:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3700:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3676:
3663:
3650:
3637:
3624:
3611:
3598:
3588:
3575:
3562:
3549:
3539:
3524:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3443:C. viridicyana
3438:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3371:C. argentigula
3365:
3363:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:C. yucatanicus
3342:
3333:
3324:
3318:San Blas jay (
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3255:Purplish jay (
3252:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3091:A. ultramarina
3086:
3077:
3073:A. woodhouseii
3068:
3059:
3055:A. californica
3049:
3047:
3032:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3008:
3002:Siberian jay (
2999:
2989:
2987:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2865:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2782:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2723:C. jamaicensis
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2676:
2675:
2669:Common raven (
2666:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2612:Carrion crow (
2609:
2600:
2591:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2560:Banggai crow (
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2488:Palawan crow (
2485:
2476:
2467:
2462:Tropical Asian
2456:
2455:
2449:Mariana crow (
2446:
2442:C. hawaiiensis
2437:
2432:Pacific island
2426:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2392:Forest raven (
2389:
2380:
2371:
2365:Little raven (
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2302:
2300:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2270:P. bottanensis
2265:
2256:
2252:P. mauritanica
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2140:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:Z. stresemanni
2087:
2085:
2083:Zavattariornis
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1972:G. lanceolatus
1967:
1961:Eurasian jay (
1957:
1955:
1944:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1768:P. leucopterus
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1741:
1737:D. occipitalis
1732:
1728:D. leucogastra
1723:
1714:
1708:Grey treepie (
1705:
1701:D. cinerascens
1696:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:P. pyrrhocorax
1617:
1607:
1605:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1477:
1476:External links
1474:
1473:
1472:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1433:
1420:(3): 369–383.
1393:
1374:(4): 675–680.
1349:
1342:
1312:
1275:(10): 856–61.
1244:
1225:(1): 145–147.
1209:
1144:
1078:
1019:
955:
941:
897:
850:
848:
845:
844:
843:
810:
807:
803:
802:
795:
779:
778:
765:
764:
760:
740:
739:
723:
717:
716:
715:
696:
661:
660:
647:
646:
639:
628:
627:
618:
617:
605:
589:
588:
575:
574:
571:
555:
554:
541:
540:
533:
516:, south to NE
502:
501:
495:Pitelka, 1945a
487:
481:
429:
426:
417:
414:
409:
406:
400:
397:
385:Main article:
382:
379:
337:
334:
328:
325:
304:
301:
295:
292:
232:
231:
223:
222:
216:
215:
211:
210:
203:
192:
191:
185:
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3755:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3345:Yucatan jay (
3343:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3311:C. mystacalis
3307:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3266:C. cyanopogon
3262:
3260:
3258:
3257:C. cyanomelas
3253:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3228:Cayenne jay (
3226:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3127:(Magpie-Jays)
3124:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3109:A. wollweberi
3107:Mexican jay (
3105:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3011:Sichuan jay (
3009:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2995:P. canadensis
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2832:Somali crow (
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2798:C. albicollis
2794:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2759:C. ossifragus
2755:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:C. ruficollis
2646:
2644:
2642:
2641:C. rhipidurus
2637:
2635:
2633:
2632:C. orientalis
2628:
2626:
2624:
2623:C. frugilegus
2619:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2603:Hooded crow (
2601:
2599:
2597:
2596:C. capellanus
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:North African
2583:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:Violet crow (
2567:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2551:Piping crow (
2549:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2526:C. culminatus
2522:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2497:Flores crow (
2495:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2481:C. samarensis
2477:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2394:C. tasmanicus
2390:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2331:C. coronoides
2327:
2325:
2323:
2320:Little crow (
2318:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2259:Asir magpie (
2257:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2168:N. columbiana
2164:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2018:P. hendersoni
2014:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:(Ground jays)
1996:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1979:Lidth's jay (
1977:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1963:G. glandarius
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1925:U. whiteheadi
1921:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1865:C. thalassina
1861:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1566:Passeriformes
1563:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1469:0-7136-3999-7
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:Correia, SP;
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:N. S. Clayton
1030:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:(8): 685–91.
977:
973:
966:
959:
956:
951:
945:
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:
916:
912:
906:
904:
902:
898:
885:
880:
876:
872:
871:
866:
864:
855:
852:
846:
841:
837:
833:
830:
829:Ancient Greek
827:
823:
818:
817:
813:
812:
808:
806:
800:
796:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:
777:
772:Griscom, 1934
770:
767:
766:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
729:
726:
725:
722:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:
659:
654:Ridgway, 1887
652:
649:
648:
644:
640:
637:
633:
630:
629:
623:
620:
619:
615:
610:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
587:
582:Ridgway, 1902
580:
577:
576:
572:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
553:
548:(Baird, 1858)
546:
543:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
503:
500:
493:
490:
489:
486:
480:
477:
475:
470:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:
443:
439:
435:
427:
425:
423:
415:
413:
407:
405:
398:
396:
394:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
335:
333:
326:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
300:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:and southern
261:
257:
256:North America
253:
249:
248:
244:
243:
238:
229:
224:
221:
217:
212:
207:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:Passeriformes
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3503:
3464:
3463:Pinyon jay (
3454:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3406:
3398:C. mirabilis
3397:
3389:C. cucullata
3388:
3380:C. armillata
3379:
3370:
3358:
3346:
3337:
3329:C. violaceus
3328:
3319:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3284:C. heilprini
3283:
3274:
3273:Tufted jay (
3265:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3221:C. caeruleus
3220:
3211:
3202:
3190:
3178:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3136:
3120:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3070:
3064:A. insularis
3063:
3054:
3045:(Scrub jays)
3038:
3012:
3004:P. infaustus
3003:
2994:
2993:Canada jay (
2982:
2956:
2947:
2935:
2926:Azure-winged
2882:
2873:C. dauuricus
2872:
2858:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2748:Cuban crow (
2740:
2731:
2722:
2714:C. imparatus
2713:
2704:
2695:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2571:C. violaceus
2570:
2561:
2552:
2544:C. torquatus
2543:
2535:C. splendens
2534:
2533:House crow (
2525:
2516:
2507:
2499:C. florensis
2498:
2489:
2480:
2479:Small crow (
2471:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2441:
2431:
2430:
2421:C. woodfordi
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2340:C. insularis
2339:
2330:
2321:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2295:
2269:
2261:P. asirensis
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2203:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2146:
2092:
2082:
2073:Stresemann's
2057:
2047:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2009:P. biddulphi
2008:
1992:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1950:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1855:
1847:C. hypoleuca
1846:
1838:C. chinensis
1837:
1825:
1798:
1788:
1777:P. aterrimus
1776:
1767:
1757:
1746:D. vagabunda
1745:
1736:
1727:
1719:D. frontalis
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1659:C. cucullata
1658:
1646:
1621:
1612:
1600:
1558:Superorder:
1459:
1442:
1436:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1396:
1371:
1365:
1352:
1329:
1315:
1272:
1268:
1254:Dickinson, A
1247:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1198:cite journal
1157:
1153:
1147:
1133:cite journal
1098:
1094:
1040:
1036:
1029:A. Dickinson
1022:
1008:cite journal
975:
971:
958:
944:
921:
918:
914:
910:
888:. Retrieved
874:
868:
862:
854:
839:
838:(from Greek
835:
831:
821:
816:
804:
798:
787:
775:
768:
734:
727:
720:
711:
707:
699:
684:
680:
677:
657:
650:
642:
635:
625:Nelson, 1899
621:
613:
608:
607:Darker than
597:
585:
578:
551:
544:
536:
529:
525:
510:Death Valley
498:
491:
484:
478:
473:
471:
464:
438:evolutionary
431:
419:
411:
402:
390:
381:Intelligence
355:conspecifics
339:
336:Food storing
330:
306:
297:
246:
245:
241:
240:
236:
235:
219:
197:
195:
179:
178:
166:
29:
3654:Neotropical
3628:NatureServe
3602:iNaturalist
3528:Wikispecies
3455:Gymnorhinus
3405:Dwarf jay (
3336:Green jay (
3300:Brown jay (
3239:C. chrysops
3219:Azure jay (
3212:C. beecheii
3179:C. stelleri
3170:C. cristata
3100:A. unicolor
2915:(continued)
2883:C. monedula
2816:C. capensis
2814:Cape crow (
2805:Pied crow (
2777:C. sinaloae
2768:C. palmarum
2757:Fish crow (
2562:C. unicolor
2490:C. pusillus
2401:Grey crow (
2322:C. bennetti
2225:P. nuttalli
2216:P. hudsonia
2138:Nutcrackers
2126:(continued)
2048:Ptilostomus
1889:U. caerulea
1856:C. jefferyi
1799:T. temnurus
1758:Platysmurus
1710:D. formosae
1681:Dendrocitta
1613:P. graculus
1602:Pyrrhocorax
1258:Clayton, NS
820:Etymology:
799:sumichrasti
788:sumichrasti
704:Supercilium
700:woodhouseii
693:Mexican jay
681:woodhouseii
643:woodhouseii
614:woodhouseii
609:woodhouseii
598:woodhouseii
537:woodhouseii
530:californica
506:Great Basin
294:Description
266:to central
247:woodhouseii
214:Subspecies
3713:Aphelocoma
3702:Categories
3680:Xeno-canto
3434:C. turcosa
3416:C. pulchra
3275:C. dickeyi
3230:C. cayanus
3203:C. affinis
3192:Cyanocorax
3168:Blue jay (
3159:Cyanocitta
3146:C. formosa
3137:C. colliei
3040:Aphelocoma
3028:New World
2984:Perisoreus
2834:C. edithae
2750:C. nasicus
2741:C. minutus
2553:C. typicus
2451:C. kubaryi
2412:C. validus
2403:C. tristis
2367:C. mellori
2312:Melanesian
2308:Australian
2243:P. sericea
2036:P. pleskei
2027:P. panderi
1940:Old World
1692:D. bayleyi
1648:Crypsirina
1560:Neognathae
1554:Neornithes
1552:Subclass:
1405:Aphelocoma
1343:0198528264
1219:The Condor
847:References
822:Aphelocoma
792:Rio Balsas
514:New Mexico
434:subspecies
373:and other
242:Aphelocoma
167:Aphelocoma
3519:Q14908008
3425:C. pumilo
3360:Cyanolyca
3122:Calocitta
2957:C. cyanus
2937:Cyanopica
2661:Holarctic
2614:C. corone
2605:C. cornix
2192:Holarctic
2148:Nucifraga
2056:Piapiac (
1981:G. lidthi
1916:U. ornata
1534:Kingdom:
826:Latinized
809:Footnotes
522:Chihuahua
428:Phylogeny
408:Life span
375:parasites
367:mule deer
315:forests,
252:scrub jay
220:See text
206:Baird, SF
174:Species:
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
3633:2.964016
3513:Wikidata
3302:C. morio
2948:C. cooki
2912:Corvidae
2850:Jackdaws
2807:C. albus
2671:C. corax
2582:Eurasian
2358:C. meeki
2123:Corvidae
2075:bushcrow
1952:Garrulus
1878:Urocissa
1814:Oriental
1789:Temnurus
1668:C. temia
1638:Treepies
1582:Corvidae
1542:Chordata
1540:Phylum:
1536:Animalia
1524:Corvidae
1299:17462894
1260:(2007).
1190:21976318
1182:16709747
1125:17309867
1065:17314979
1000:11064341
992:12894243
832:apheles-
784:Guerrero
749:Veracruz
674:Tlaxcala
670:Coahuila
452:sequence
416:Diseases
327:Foraging
321:mesquite
284:blue jay
278:and the
156:Corvidae
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
3659:wooscj2
3584:5844900
3571:wooscj2
3545:wooscj2
3407:C. nana
3338:C. ynca
2928:magpies
2910:Family
2860:Coloeus
2790:species
2688:species
2663:species
2588:species
2472:C. enca
2464:species
2434:species
2385:C. orru
2314:species
2234:P. pica
2195:magpies
2121:Family
2058:P. afer
1994:Podoces
1817:magpies
1593:Choughs
1580:Family
1564:Order:
1546:Class:
1388:1369850
1307:2905358
1277:Bibcode
1239:1367147
1162:Bibcode
1154:Science
1116:2346514
1073:4405897
1045:Bibcode
824:, from
794:valley.
636:nevadae
564:Wyoming
448:subunit
399:Nesting
393:corvids
369:to eat
342:corvids
313:juniper
303:Habitat
208:, 1858)
162:Genus:
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
3672:291107
3646:247972
3620:916621
3607:506117
3591:GNAB:
2621:Rook (
2297:Corvus
1467:
1386:
1367:Condor
1340:
1305:
1297:
1237:
1188:
1180:
1123:
1113:
1071:
1063:
1037:Nature
998:
990:
890:24 May
757:Oaxaca
755:, and
753:Puebla
712:texana
708:grisea
685:grisea
678:texana
664:Lower
518:Sonora
456:clades
268:Mexico
260:Oregon
3566:eBird
3542:BOW:
2972:Grey
2682:North
2287:crows
2285:True
1827:Cissa
1410:(PDF)
1384:JSTOR
1362:(PDF)
1334:(PDF)
1303:S2CID
1265:(PDF)
1235:JSTOR
1186:S2CID
1069:S2CID
996:S2CID
968:(PDF)
743:From
687:in S
568:Texas
442:mtDNA
371:ticks
309:pinon
264:Idaho
3641:NCBI
3615:ITIS
3579:GBIF
3558:FCWY
3030:jays
2974:jays
2684:and
2584:and
2310:and
2205:Pica
1942:jays
1548:Aves
1465:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1295:PMID
1204:link
1178:PMID
1139:link
1121:PMID
1061:PMID
1014:link
988:PMID
892:2022
875:2017
840:kome
836:coma
560:Utah
136:Aves
3553:CoL
1422:doi
1376:doi
1285:doi
1227:doi
1170:doi
1158:312
1111:PMC
1103:doi
1099:362
1053:doi
1041:445
980:doi
934:doi
922:712
915:In:
913:).
879:doi
790:by
672:to
562:/S
317:oak
49:In
3704::
3682::
3669::
3656::
3643::
3630::
3617::
3604::
3581::
3568::
3555::
3530::
3515::
1418:80
1416:.
1412:.
1382:.
1372:98
1370:.
1364:.
1301:.
1293:.
1283:.
1273:17
1271:.
1267:.
1256:;
1233:.
1223:87
1221:.
1200:}}
1196:{{
1184:.
1176:.
1168:.
1156:.
1135:}}
1131:{{
1119:.
1109:.
1097:.
1093:.
1081:^
1067:.
1059:.
1051:.
1039:.
1031:;
1010:}}
1006:{{
994:.
986:.
974:.
970:.
924:.
900:^
873:.
867:.
774:–
751:,
733:–
656:–
584:–
550:-
497:–
476:.
462:.
450:2
424:.
290:.
3467:)
3445:)
3436:)
3427:)
3418:)
3409:)
3400:)
3391:)
3382:)
3373:)
3349:)
3340:)
3331:)
3322:)
3313:)
3304:)
3295:)
3286:)
3277:)
3268:)
3259:)
3250:)
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3232:)
3223:)
3214:)
3205:)
3181:)
3172:)
3148:)
3139:)
3111:)
3102:)
3093:)
3084:)
3075:)
3066:)
3057:)
3015:)
3006:)
2997:)
2959:)
2950:)
2885:)
2881:(
2875:)
2871:(
2836:)
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2809:)
2800:)
2779:)
2770:)
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2752:)
2743:)
2734:)
2725:)
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2698:)
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2643:)
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2020:)
2011:)
1983:)
1974:)
1965:)
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1900:)
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1430:.
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1309:.
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952:.
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861:"
759:.
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528:(
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239:(
204:(
81:)
20:)
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