227:
Court's injunction on DAPA and the DACA expansion, Vidal was told by the government that his approval had to be reduced to a two-year work permit, despite the injunction only affirmed to cover the Fifth
Circuit states (Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi). The injunction also affected the ability for his parents to receive deferred action for work permits under DAPA. Vidal gained the help from Make the Road New York, the
163:. On February 13, 2018, Judge Garaufis in the Eastern District of New York addressed the question of whether the government offered a legally adequate reason for ending the DACA program. The court found that Defendants did not provide a legally adequate reason for ending the DACA program and that the decision to end DACA was arbitrary and capricious. Defendants have appealed the decision to the
438:, 284 F. Supp. 3d 758 (D. Md. 2018): The U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland decided not to enjoin the termination of DACA. However, the court entered an injunction prohibiting the federal government from sharing DACA applications information with immigrant enforcement. The decision has been appealed and the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals is expected to issue a decision soon.
29:
275:, who after the case was amended to include the new claims related to the Trump's administration's decision to rescind DACA, became a noted figure in the DACA debate as he had been found to be harshly critical of the responses the government had made in why they opted to terminate the DACA during questioning.
352:
The
Supreme Court issued its decision on June 18, 2020. In the 5-4 majority, the court found that the government's reasons to rescind the DACA program to arbitrary and capricious against the APA, and reversed the order, leaving the DACA program active. The majority opinion, written by Chief Justice
226:
MartĂn
Batalla Vidal was the son of undocumented immigrants who had lived in New York City who only learned of his "dreamer" status in 2008. After the original DACA program was offered, Vidal applied in 2014 and had been approved in early 2015 for a three-year work permit. With the Texas District
453:, 298 F. Supp. 3d 209 (D.D.C. 2018), adhered to on denial of reconsideration, 315 F. Supp. 3d 457 (D.D.C. 2018): On August 17, 2018, the court partially stayed its order in ordering USCIS to accept to initial applications and advance parole. Now, USCIS only needs to accept renewal applications.
250:
While Vidal's case was being prosecuted, the Trump administration announced its plan to rescind the DACA entirely in
September 2017. Vidal amended his case to assert that this action violated federal law. The amended complaint stated that the government failed to provide an explanation for the
278:
On
February 13, 2018, Garaufis granted Vidal's motion for a preliminary injunction, preventing the government from rescinding the DACA. Garaufis did assert that the government had the authority to end the DACA program. However, he stated that the reasoning provided failed the
421:
413:, 279 F. Supp. 3d 1011 (N.D. Cal. 2018), aff'd sub nom. Regents of the Univ. of California v. U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 908 F.3d 476 (9th Cir. 2018): On November 8, 2018, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the Northern District Court's
40:
MartĂn
Jonathan Batalla Vidal et al., Plaintiffs, v. Kirstjen M. Nielsen, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, et al., Defendants. State of New York et al., Plaintiffs, v. Donald Trump, President of the United States, et al., Defendants.
2145:
291:. Further, Garaufis asserted that there was an internal inconsistency with the Customs office's handling of the DACA, as it was continuing to adjudicate DACA renewal applications at the same time it claimed it was winding down the program.
2115:
188:
program. DACA provides young immigrants who meet specific criteria with protection from deportation and eligibility for work authorization for two years. Since 2012, about 800,000 people have been granted DACA. On
September 5, 2017,
2130:
1919:
347:
301:
95:
357:, stated that they made no evaluation on the legality of the DACA program itself and that the government was free to submit a new regulation to rescind the DACA with better reasoning to fit the APA. Among dissents, Judge
1615:
511:
to explain that because the decision to grant deferred action and work authorization is discretionary, plaintiffs are not entitled to any additional interests that are contingent on that discretionary decision.
381:, 291 F. Supp. 3d 260 (E.D.N.Y. 2018): On February 13, 2018, the District Court granted a motion for a preliminary injunction ordering USCIS to accept DACA applications from people who have had DACA previously.
219:'s 2015 injunction preventing the government from enforcing the DAPA and extension of the DACA program. The federal government had challenged this to the Supreme Court, but due to the recent death of Justice
244:
331:. However, by November 2018, the government opted to bypass the Circuit Courts and petitioned the Supreme Court on all three cases. The Supreme Court accepted the petition on June 28, 2019, consolidating
538:, the organizational plaintiffs do not have a cause of action under the APA or under the Constitution because organizational plaintiffs' interests are "so marginally related" to the purposes of the INA.
216:
2474:
1855:
1610:
507:, the Eastern District of New York found that plaintiffs do "not possess a liberty or property interest in a particular decision under DACA nor an employment authorization card." The court cited
484:
where the district court granted
Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiff's substantive APA claim that alleged that Defendants arbitrary and capriciously changed DHSs's information-use policy. In
523:
to support their finding that plaintiffs have plausible alleged that a discriminatory purpose was a motivating factor behind the decision to terminate TPS for Haiti. The court cited language in
488:, the court found that Plaintiffs' had relied on a document that contradicted "their otherwise-unsupported allegation of a change to DHS's information-use policy." The Ninth Circuit found that
2405:
1986:
1320:
2033:
926:
313:
1681:
500:, the most recent FAQs were not attached to or referenced in any of the complaints. . . "therefore. . . materials outside the complaint cannot be considered on a motion to dismiss."
1625:
1417:
1620:
328:
164:
141:
2350:
1081:
212:
527:, where Judge Garaufis noted that "liability for discrimination will lie when a biased individual manipulates a non-biased decision-maker into taking discriminatory action."
193:
ordered an end to the DACA program and established a phasing out plan for DACA. The termination of the DACA program resulted in various lawsuits challenging the termination.
1825:
240:
575:
Ramos, Julio C.; Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil; Gillezeau, Christina; Alpert, Naomi; van Gerwen, Maaike; Tuminello, Stephanie; Flores, Raja; Taioli, Emanuela (6 February 2019).
255:, and that the Trump Administration's reversal is "unconstitutionally motivated by anti-Mexican and anti-Latino animus, in violation of equal protection component of the
2058:
1768:
260:
160:
1203:
2094:
1641:
899:
534:"does not stand for the sweeping proposition that any organization with immigrant clients has standing to sue for violations of the INA." The court found that in
2355:
1971:
1583:
1578:
1313:
1800:
1780:
1564:
236:
181:
875:
2135:
2125:
753:
280:
252:
156:
2330:
1991:
2365:
2120:
2023:
1763:
1595:
1306:
2345:
2063:
1805:
1357:
202:
1835:
1573:
1569:
2038:
468:, (S.D.Tex. 2018): The court denied plaintiff states' motion for a preliminary injunction because of the harm it would cause to DACA recipients.
854:
2006:
1830:
1666:
152:
2213:
709:
557:
299:
Garaufis' injunction came about a month following a similar injunction preventing the government from rescinding the DACA from
California in
2043:
2208:
1543:
1028:
1879:
1706:
1646:
205:(DAPA) and a work-permit extension of DACA made alongside it, had been challenged by a coalition of 26 states led by Texas in the case
1820:
287:, based on a "plainly incorrect factual premise" that the DACA program was illegal simply because the DAPA had been found illegal via
1981:
1147:
2178:
2068:
1701:
1478:
1329:
2089:
2084:
2188:
1949:
1887:
1731:
1407:
228:
324:). As such, these injunctions were considered to have nationwide basis preventing the government from rescinding the program.
2340:
1903:
1845:
58:
National
Immigration Law Center, Make the Road New York, Jerome N. Frank Legal Services Organization (LSO) of Yale Law School
809:"Preparing for the Future: Understanding the Rights and Options of DACA Recipients | Immigrant Legal Resource Center | ILRC"
2390:
2274:
2140:
1996:
1863:
644:
207:
808:
1840:
1773:
1651:
1053:
978:
1721:
833:
361:
was critical of the majority for not taking the opportunity for reviewing the constitutionality of the DACA as well.
2410:
2400:
2385:
2279:
2264:
2160:
1716:
1473:
1422:
1402:
1386:
1382:
1378:
82:
577:"The Impact of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Medical Students—A Scarce Resource to US Health Care"
2150:
1743:
1518:
1513:
2452:
2380:
2203:
1753:
1726:
1661:
1412:
284:
1175:
1118:
645:"The Role of the Executive in Rulemaking: An Exploration of Executive Action in United States Immigration Law"
2198:
1605:
1600:
1523:
1508:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1468:
1447:
1432:
681:
2446:
1871:
155:. Plaintiffs in the case are DACA recipients who argue that the rescission decision is unlawful under the
1933:
1676:
1671:
1437:
997:
631:
414:
327:
The government had begun the appeals process for each of these cases, with Vidal's case appealed to the
145:
1298:
2325:
2295:
2269:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2001:
1976:
121:
1548:
665:"Mobilizing a Community: The Effect of President Trump's Executive Orders on the Country's Interior"
90:
66:
2234:
1941:
1711:
1498:
1362:
904:
664:
223:, the Court was deadlocked, and left the injunction in place based on the Fifth Circuit's ruling.
2239:
2028:
1810:
715:
417:
and ordered the Department of Homeland Security to continue accepting DACA renewal applications.
256:
2395:
2370:
2249:
2229:
2053:
1896:
1758:
783:
723:
705:
606:
563:
553:
272:
1230:
151: (2020), was a case that was filed to challenge the Trump Administration's rescission of
2360:
2335:
2011:
1442:
1427:
596:
588:
201:
Prior to the Trump administration's rescission of DACA, the legality of a similar program,
2375:
2300:
1528:
358:
348:
Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California § Decision
232:
422:
Regents of the University of California v. United States Department of Homeland Security
2425:
2415:
2183:
1911:
1538:
1204:"Supreme Court rules against Trump's bid to end program shielding 'Dreamer' immigrants"
601:
576:
220:
148:
2468:
2305:
1152:
1082:"Federal Judge Upholds DACA, Calling White House Decision To Rescind It 'Capricious'"
309:
953:
2430:
2193:
1533:
354:
190:
635:
2146:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1656:
1590:
550:
Kurzban's Immigration Law Sourcebook: A Comprehensive Outline and Reference Tool
465:
State of Texas, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Kirstjen M. Nielsen, et al., Defendants.
2420:
727:
567:
28:
876:"Brooklyn Lawsuit Could Affect the Fate of Millions of Immigrants Nationwide"
619:
592:
247:
to challenge the agency's nationwide policy based on the circuit injunction.
2155:
2110:
1503:
1452:
1292:, No. 17-cv-9604 (PKC), 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 25249 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 15, 2019)
736:
682:"Lessons About the Future of Immigration Law from the Rise and Fall of DACA"
1616:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
719:
610:
302:
Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California
96:
Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California
2048:
2016:
1748:
1738:
410:
Regents of Univ. of California v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec.
2406:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
1814:
1626:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
1621:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
900:"DACA changed my life. I'm suing the Trump administration to save it"
1254:
Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec.
478:
Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec.
316:
also issued a similar injunction against the rescinding in the case
979:"As DACA Negotiations Drag On, a Judge in Brooklyn Could Intervene"
1611:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
954:"Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen | Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse"
1052:
de Vogue, Ariane; Berman, Dan; Park, Madison (January 10, 2018).
245:
United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
1208:
185:
1682:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
1302:
832:
Shear, Michael D.; Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (5 September 2017).
217:
United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas
1642:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1180:
1086:
1058:
1002:
1029:"Amended Memorandum & Order & Preliminary Injunction"
231:, and the Worker and Immigrant Rights Advocacy Clinic at the
1148:"A federal appeals court just ruled against Trump on DACA"
1054:"Judge blocks Trump administration plan to roll back DACA"
450:
Nat'l Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People v. Trump
314:
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
271:
Vidal's case at the District Court was heard under Judge
1174:
Totenberg, Nina; Montanaro, Domenico (June 28, 2019).
834:"Trump Moves to End DACA and Calls on Congress to Act"
737:"Immigration Enforcement and the Future of Discretion"
2475:
United States immigration and naturalization case law
1647:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
1117:
National Immigration Law Center (February 13, 2019).
702:
Dreams Derailed: Undocumented Youths in the Trump Era
663:
Trucios-Haynes, Enid; Michael, Marianna (June 2018).
530:
In 2019, the Southern District of New York held that
329:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
2351:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
213:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
2439:
2314:
2288:
2222:
2169:
2103:
2077:
1960:
1854:
1789:
1694:
1634:
1557:
1461:
1395:
1371:
1350:
1337:
1290:
De Dandrade v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec.
948:
946:
893:
891:
889:
536:
De Dandrade v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec.
117:
112:
102:
78:
73:
62:
54:
46:
35:
21:
243:which handled the DACA system, around 2016 in the
241:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
235:to obtain legal council and file suit against the
2095:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
860:(Press release). PennState Law. 23 January 2019.
784:"Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)"
435:Casa De Maryland v. U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec.
2356:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
2034:List of people deported from the United States
1280:, 345 F. Supp. 3d 287 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 14, 2018)
1266:Gondal v. United States Dep't of Homeland Sec.
998:"Second federal judge blocks move to end DACA"
869:
867:
505:Gondal v, United States Dep't of Homeland Sec.
1781:Trump administration family separation policy
1314:
1268:, 343 F. Supp. 3d 83 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 10, 2018)
855:"Litigation on DACA Rescission: What We Know"
237:United States Department of Homeland Security
186:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)
153:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)
8:
1831:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
927:"Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen - Yale Law School"
552:. American Immigration Lawyers Association.
2331:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
1027:Garaufis, Nicholas G. (February 13, 2018).
898:Vidal, MartĂn Batalla (September 6, 2017).
343:. Oral hearings were on November 12, 2019.
2366:Federation for American Immigration Reform
1347:
1321:
1307:
1299:
624:Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy
18:
2141:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
2136:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
2126:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
2069:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
1826:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1596:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
600:
519:, the Eastern District of New York cited
394:has been consolidated with the appeal in
108:Motion for Preliminary Injunction Granted
2346:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1489:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
1358:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1119:"Litigation Related to the DACA Program"
203:Deferred Action for Parents of Americans
2280:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
1836:Executive Office for Immigration Review
775:
2296:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
1256:, 908 F.3d 476 (9th Cir. Nov. 8, 2018)
996:de Vogue, Ariana (February 13, 2018).
251:reversal of DACA, in violation of the
176:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
1544:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1022:
1020:
7:
2265:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1570:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
1176:"Supreme Court Takes Up DACA Appeal"
849:
847:
741:Roger Williams University Law Review
1951:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
1921:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1806:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1408:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
680:Johnson, Kevin R. (November 2018).
643:Oliverio, Melina T. (Summer 2018).
2039:Mexico–United States border crisis
1821:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
480:, the Ninth Circuit distinguished
14:
2260:"Streamline" (2005–present)
1982:Central American migrant caravans
1529:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
1202:Higgens, Tucker (June 18, 2020).
620:"The Executive Power of Reversal"
581:American Journal of Public Health
2044:Mexico–United States border wall
1519:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
1330:Immigration to the United States
1080:Neuman, Scott (April 25, 2018).
752:Zoltan, Paul S. (January 2019).
735:Wadhia, Shoba (1 January 2018).
704:. University of Arkansas Press.
27:
1801:Department of Homeland Security
1235:National Immigration Law Center
1146:Lind, Dara (November 8, 2018).
977:Feuer, Alan (12 October 2017).
874:Feuer, Alan (10 October 2016).
788:Department of Homeland Security
229:National Immigration Law Center
182:Department of Homeland Security
165:Second Circuit Court of Appeals
2341:Center for Immigration Studies
2270:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
2255:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
1905:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
1846:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1601:American Homecoming Act (1989)
472:Subsequent Treatment by Courts
1:
2391:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
2235:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
1997:Eugenics in the United States
2059:Illegal immigrant population
1841:Board of Immigration Appeals
1677:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
1672:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1565:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
1479:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
669:Lewis & Clark Law Review
490:Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
281:Administrative Procedure Act
253:Administrative Procedure Act
239:, the agency overseeing the
157:Administrative Procedure Act
2275:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
2250:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
2121:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
2111:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
2090:Canada–United States border
2085:Mexico–United States border
1652:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1514:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
618:Yoo, John C (Winter 2019).
211:, 579 U.S. ___ (2016). The
2491:
2411:Negative Population Growth
2401:National Immigration Forum
2386:Migration Policy Institute
2161:US Citizenship Act of 2021
1717:Temporary protected status
1499:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
1231:"DACA Litigation Timeline"
700:Schwab, William A (2019).
345:
134:(known at lower courts as
83:Certiorari before judgment
16:2020 US federal court case
1744:Security Advisory Opinion
652:Administrative Law Review
107:
69: (E.D.N.Y. 2018).
67:291 F.Supp.3d 260
26:
2453:Missing in Brooks County
2381:Mexicans Without Borders
1881:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1754:National Origins Formula
1438:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
1413:Civil Rights Act of 1866
593:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304910
548:Kurzban, Ira J. (2018).
396:Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen
378:Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen
308:. In April 2018, Judge
285:arbitrary and capricious
137:Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen
22:Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen
1732:Central American Minors
1662:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1524:Nationality Act of 1940
1474:Naturalization Act 1906
1448:Immigration Act of 1891
1433:Immigration Act of 1882
1423:Naturalization Act 1870
1403:Naturalization Law 1802
1379:Naturalization Act 1790
2447:Borderland (TV series)
2301:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
1774:Unaccompanied children
1549:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
1339:Relevant colonial era,
289:United States v. Texas
208:United States v. Texas
180:On June 15, 2012, the
2024:Immigration reduction
1935:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1539:War Brides Act (1945)
1418:14th Amendment (1868)
958:www.clearinghouse.net
689:U.C. Davis Law Review
415:nationwide injunction
93:, consolidated under
55:Counsel for plaintiff
2326:Arizona Border Recon
2306:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
2170:Immigration stations
2104:Proposed legislation
2002:Guest worker program
1977:Brooks County, Texas
1889:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1606:Immigration Act 1990
1509:Immigration Act 1924
1494:Immigration Act 1918
1484:Immigration Act 1907
1469:Immigration Act 1903
443:District of Columbia
122:Nicholas G. Garaufis
2245:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
2172:and points of entry
2064:Reverse immigration
1943:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
1856:Supreme Court cases
1712:Visa Waiver Program
1707:Permanent residence
1534:Magnuson Act (1943)
1363:Plantation Act 1740
905:The Washington Post
386:NY v. Trump, et al.
91:588 U.S. ___ (2019)
2029:Immigration reform
1865:US v. Wong Kim Ark
1811:U.S. Border Patrol
1727:Green Card Lottery
1695:Visas and policies
1657:Real ID Act (2005)
1591:Refugee Act (1980)
1343:international laws
1332:and related topics
983:The New York Times
880:The New York Times
838:The New York Times
492:is different from
257:Due Process Clause
87:McAleenan v. Vidal
79:Subsequent actions
2462:
2461:
2396:Minuteman Project
2371:Improve The Dream
2289:State legislation
2240:"Babylift" (1975)
2214:Washington Avenue
2209:Sullivan's Island
2131:STRIVE Act (2007)
2054:March for America
2007:Human trafficking
1897:Zadvydas v. Davis
1759:Expedited removal
1690:
1689:
1341:United States and
758:Texas Bar Journal
754:"Immigration Law"
711:978-1-68226-083-8
559:978-1-57370-425-0
392:New York v. Trump
273:Nicholas Garaufis
127:
126:
50:February 13, 2018
2482:
2361:Community Change
2336:CASA of Maryland
2316:Non-governmental
2230:"Wetback" (1954)
2156:RAISE Act (2017)
2116:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1504:Cable Act (1922)
1453:Geary Act (1892)
1443:Scott Act (1888)
1348:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1300:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
993:
987:
986:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
950:
941:
940:
938:
937:
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
895:
884:
883:
871:
862:
861:
859:
851:
842:
841:
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
805:
799:
798:
796:
795:
780:
765:
748:
731:
696:
686:
676:
659:
649:
639:
614:
604:
571:
365:Concurrent cases
283:(APA) as it was
184:established the
113:Court membership
31:
19:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2435:
2376:Mexica Movement
2319:
2317:
2310:
2284:
2218:
2171:
2165:
2151:SAFE Act (2015)
2099:
2073:
2012:Human smuggling
1987:Economic impact
1965:
1963:
1956:
1850:
1794:
1792:
1785:
1686:
1630:
1558:1950–1999
1553:
1462:1900–1949
1457:
1428:Page Act (1875)
1391:
1367:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1008:
1006:
995:
994:
990:
976:
975:
971:
962:
960:
952:
951:
944:
935:
933:
925:
924:
920:
910:
908:
897:
896:
887:
873:
872:
865:
857:
853:
852:
845:
831:
830:
826:
817:
815:
807:
806:
802:
793:
791:
782:
781:
777:
772:
751:
734:
712:
699:
684:
679:
662:
647:
642:
617:
574:
560:
547:
544:
542:Further reading
474:
461:
446:
431:
406:
374:
367:
359:Clarence Thomas
350:
297:
269:
261:Fifth Amendment
233:Yale Law School
215:had upheld the
199:
197:Case background
191:President Trump
178:
173:
161:Fifth Amendment
17:
12:
11:
5:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2426:Save Our State
2423:
2418:
2416:No More Deaths
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:Labor shortage
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:Related issues
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1917:
1913:Barton v. Barr
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:Section 287(g)
1581:
1579:Section 212(f)
1567:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1278:Saget v. Trump
1270:
1258:
1246:
1222:
1194:
1166:
1138:
1100:
1072:
1044:
1016:
988:
969:
942:
918:
885:
863:
843:
824:
800:
774:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
749:
732:
710:
697:
677:
660:
640:
615:
587:(3): 429–431.
572:
558:
543:
540:
517:Saget v. Trump
473:
470:
460:
455:
445:
440:
430:
425:
405:
400:
373:
368:
366:
363:
346:Main article:
318:Trump v. NAACP
296:
293:
268:
267:District court
265:
221:Antonin Scalia
198:
195:
177:
174:
172:
169:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
100:
99:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
37:
36:Full case name
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2487:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:Documentaries
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2318:organizations
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:Castle Garden
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:2006 protests
1970:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:Wolf v. Vidal
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1793:organizations
1788:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1005:
1004:
999:
992:
989:
984:
980:
973:
970:
959:
955:
949:
947:
943:
932:
928:
922:
919:
907:
906:
901:
894:
892:
890:
886:
881:
877:
870:
868:
864:
856:
850:
848:
844:
839:
835:
828:
825:
814:
810:
804:
801:
789:
785:
779:
776:
769:
763:
759:
755:
750:
747:(2): 353–368.
746:
742:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
703:
698:
695:(1): 343–389.
694:
690:
683:
678:
675:(2): 577–622.
674:
670:
666:
661:
658:(3): 715–743.
657:
653:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
569:
565:
561:
555:
551:
546:
545:
541:
539:
537:
533:
532:Batalla Vidal
528:
526:
525:Batalla Vidal
522:
521:Batalla Vidal
518:
513:
510:
509:Batalla Vidal
506:
501:
499:
495:
494:Batalla Vidal
491:
487:
486:Batalla Vidal
483:
482:Batalla Vidal
479:
471:
469:
467:
466:
459:
456:
454:
452:
451:
444:
441:
439:
437:
436:
429:
426:
424:
423:
418:
416:
412:
411:
404:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
387:
382:
380:
379:
372:
369:
364:
362:
360:
356:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:John D. Bates
307:
304:
303:
295:Supreme Court
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
276:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:
204:
196:
194:
192:
187:
183:
175:
170:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
138:
133:
132:
131:Wolf v. Vidal
123:
120:
118:Judge sitting
116:
111:
106:
101:
98:
97:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2451:
2431:Utah Compact
2194:Ellis Island
2179:Angel Island
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1924: /
1920:
1912:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1635:21st century
1572: /
1396:19th century
1385: /
1381: /
1372:18th century
1351:Colonial era
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1179:
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1151:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1126:www.NILC.org
1125:
1091:. Retrieved
1085:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1057:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1007:. Retrieved
1001:
991:
982:
972:
961:. Retrieved
957:
934:. Retrieved
931:law.yale.edu
930:
921:
909:. Retrieved
903:
879:
837:
827:
816:. Retrieved
813:www.ilrc.org
812:
803:
792:. Retrieved
790:. 2012-07-11
787:
778:
761:
757:
744:
740:
701:
692:
688:
672:
668:
655:
651:
630:(1): 59–67.
627:
623:
584:
580:
549:
535:
531:
529:
524:
520:
516:
514:
508:
504:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
475:
464:
463:
462:
457:
449:
448:
447:
442:
434:
433:
432:
427:
419:
409:
408:
407:
402:
395:
391:
385:
384:
383:
377:
376:
375:
370:
355:John Roberts
351:
340:
336:
332:
326:
321:
317:
305:
300:
298:
288:
277:
270:
249:
225:
206:
200:
179:
136:
135:
130:
129:
128:
94:
86:
74:Case history
39:
2189:East Boston
1873:Ozawa v. US
1702:Visa policy
1667:DACA (2012)
764:(1): 37–38.
720:j.ctv550cvv
496:because in
2421:NumbersUSA
2223:Operations
2204:San Ysidro
1964:and events
1791:Government
1240:2019-03-10
963:2019-03-10
936:2019-03-10
818:2019-02-27
794:2019-02-27
770:References
728:1050321330
636:2215489425
568:1040999709
403:California
390:Appeal in
171:Background
2199:Otay Mesa
2078:Geography
1764:Detention
85:granted,
2469:Category
2017:Coyotaje
1749:E-Verify
1739:US-VISIT
1215:June 18,
1187:June 20,
1159:June 20,
1131:March 9,
1093:June 20,
1065:June 20,
1037:March 9,
1009:June 20,
911:June 20,
632:ProQuest
611:30726129
428:Maryland
371:New York
159:and the
63:Citation
1992:Effects
602:6366484
498:Regents
312:of the
259:of the
103:Holding
47:Decided
1945:(2021)
1937:(2021)
1930:(2020)
1915:(2020)
1907:(2011)
1900:(2001)
1891:(1975)
1883:(1923)
1875:(1922)
1867:(1898)
1815:BORTAC
1769:Family
1722:Asylum
726:
718:
708:
634:
609:
599:
566:
556:
339:under
1122:(PDF)
1032:(PDF)
858:(PDF)
716:JSTOR
685:(PDF)
648:(PDF)
458:Texas
420:See:
337:NAACP
333:Vidal
322:NAACP
306:(DHS)
144:
1574:1965
1387:1798
1383:1795
1217:2020
1209:CNBC
1189:2020
1161:2020
1133:2019
1095:2020
1067:2020
1039:2019
1011:2020
913:2020
724:OCLC
706:ISBN
607:PMID
564:OCLC
554:ISBN
335:and
146:U.S.
1181:NPR
1153:Vox
1087:NPR
1059:CNN
1003:CNN
597:PMC
589:doi
585:109
515:In
503:In
476:In
341:DHS
263:."
149:___
142:591
140:),
2471::
1233:.
1206:.
1178:.
1150:.
1124:.
1103:^
1084:.
1056:.
1019:^
1000:.
981:.
956:.
945:^
929:.
902:.
888:^
878:.
866:^
846:^
836:.
811:.
786:.
762:82
760:.
756:.
745:23
743:.
739:.
722:.
714:.
693:52
691:.
687:.
673:22
671:.
667:.
656:70
654:.
650:.
628:42
626:.
622:.
605:.
595:.
583:.
579:.
562:.
398:.
167:.
89:,
1817:)
1813:(
1322:e
1315:t
1308:v
1243:.
1219:.
1191:.
1163:.
1135:.
1097:.
1069:.
1041:.
1013:.
985:.
966:.
939:.
915:.
882:.
840:.
821:.
797:.
730:.
638:.
613:.
591::
570:.
388::
320:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
