181:, it states that the manager's approach has effects on the outcome of the worker. Individuals who receive attention from their superior will have positive feelings of receiving special treatment. Specifically, they feel that the attention they are receiving is unique from the attention that other employees are receiving. The basic understanding of superior-subordinate relationships lies in the foundation that the habits of a superior tend to have the power to create productive or counterproductive environments.
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210:
304:, also known as Consensual Relationship Agreements, are used to maintain a functional work place. Love contracts are important mainly in the event that a couple decides to terminate their relationship. If the relationship were to end badly, the love contract forbids the couple to file charges, such as sexual assault, against one another and/or the company.
188:.' This habit is fundamental in many relationships. It states that you should treat others as you wish to be treated. If workers know that their superiors are treating them with the same respect and dignity in which they are treating their superior, they will then feel more positive and inviting feelings in regard to their relationship.
128:
maintain their friendship, which may cause tension in the environment. If an individual feels that a co-worker is pulling away from the friendship, that individual may use openness to attempt to maintain that friendship by confronting the other person and discussing why the relationship is deteriorating.
104:. Workplace friendships tend to have a positive impact on employees' overall productivity and attitude towards their job. However, they can also be detrimental to productivity because of the inherent competition, envy, gossip, and distraction from work-related activities that accompany close friendships.
278:
Romantic partnerships involve a strong emotional attachment and close connection between partners without sexual relations. Sexual partnerships are a partnership with a lack of an intimate connection, and instead include a strictly physical and sexual relationship. An example behavior of employees in
191:
Other theories that explain the superior-subordinate relationships are workplace relationship quality, employee information experiences theory, and the leader-membership theory. The leader-membership theory is widely accepted regarding superior-subordinate relationships. Its main premise includes the
331:
is known as the passing of the business on from the current owner to a successor whether that be within the family or not. The responsibility of providing succession lies with the owner or founder of the business. The succession process can be divided into four common stages, which include the stage
339:
Conflicts can arise due to the lack of, or the absence of, common goals for the business. A frequent issue that family businesses face is whether or not the separation of business and family roles are clear. Another issue may include making difficult decisions when it comes to what is best for the
143:
relationship with and who they want to form a friendship with outside of work. These friendships are distinguished from regular workplace relationships as they extend past the roles and duties of the workplace. Workplace friendships are influenced by individual and contextual factors such as life
107:
Another form of workplace friendship is the multiplex friendship. These friendships involve having friendships both inside and outside of the workplace. One benefit of multiplex relationships is that each party receives support in and out of the workplace. These friendships also make the involved
293:
While face-to-face workplace interactions are common, romantic workplace relationships may also take place within emails. In fact, emailing to communicate is used as much as face to face communication. Employees use email to communicate with their relational partners mainly because there are no
332:
of owner-management in which only one member of the family is involved in the business, a training and development stage in which the owner's children learn the business, a partnership stage between a parent and child, and a power transfer stage in which responsibilities shift to the successor.
192:
idea that employees with the easiest access to information are the most likely to succeed. Furthermore, employees with a higher quality relationship with their supervisor have more access to such information and will be more likely to succeed in the workplace; thus feeling an increased sense of
307:
Although love contracts are made to protect the company, it is important to note that there still may be some conflicts. For example, not all people want to unveil their relationship. People may be unwilling because they have another relationship at home, or they just are not ready. Another
127:
and commitment to the organization. It can be difficult to maintain friendships in the workplace. When an individual thinks his or her friendship with another co-worker is becoming too serious, that individual may start to avoid the other person. This would make it harder for the individual to
282:
Romantic workplace relationships play a complicated role not only for those involved in the relationship, but also for the employees working with these individuals. Romantic workplace relationships have been known to create polarization in the workplace, employee distraction, and feelings of
266:
Romantic workplace relationships involve a certain degree of intimacy between coworkers. These connections can be categorized into three different classifications: romantic partnership, sexual partnership, and combination partnership. A similar relationship type that often gets confused with
45:
relationships directly affect a worker's ability and drive to succeed. These connections are multifaceted, can exist in and out of the organization, and can be both positive and negative. One such detriment lies in the nonexistence of workplace relationships, which can lead to feelings of
335:
Family businesses have many strategic advantages. These advantages include the sharing of family language, values, and background. These advantages tend to filter into the respect they have towards one another and the sacrifice of individual task for the well-being of the business.
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a sexual relationship is online sexual activity (OSA) because of opportunity. That chance may satisfy sexual distress, boredom, or many other reasons. Combination partnerships are a combination of both sexual and romantic relations between both of the individuals.
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Methot, Jessica R.; Lepine, Jeffery A.; Podsakoff, Nathan P.; Christian, Jessica Siegel (1 May 2016). "Are
Workplace Friendships a Mixed Blessing? Exploring Tradeoffs of Multiplex Relationships and their Associations with Job Performance".
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Blended friendships are friendships that develop in the workplace and can have a positive impact on an employee's productivity. Workplace friendships lead to more cohesive work groups, more satisfied and committed employees, greater
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In fact, those who date superiors often lose trust from coworkers because of the possibility of 'unfair advantages' they might receive. Also, women are more likely to receive negative images than men for dating a superior.
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business and what is best for the family. Well over half of all family business end up failing before the second successor takes ownership and almost 90% will fail before the third successor takes ownership.
164:
and they may begin view their co-workers as untrustworthy members of the organization. This then hinders them from forming and maintaining important relationships as work, such as friendships or camaraderie.
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Workplace loneliness can be caused by a lack of workplace friendships, competition, or a lack of cooperation at work. Workplace loneliness can negatively affect an organization as it is often linked to low
160:. It can also significantly affect one's mental health, as employees may feel unsupported by peers and superiors in managing daily work-related stress. Lonely workers tend to become overly
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grew out of a series of studies. The theory states that an individual will act differently than they normally would due to the individual's awareness of being watched. Specifically in
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is a relationship between two individuals that is entered into voluntarily, develops over time, and has shared social and emotional goals. These goals may include feelings of
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Tyler, Kathryn. "Sign in the Name of Love". SHRM, Society for Human
Resource Management, 1 Feb. 2008, www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/Pages/2tyler-love contracts.aspx.
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Cooper, A.; Safir, M.; Rosenmann, A. (2006). "Workplace
Worries: A Preliminary Look at Online Sexual Activities at the Office—Emerging Issues for Clinicians and Employers".
100:, greater goal attainment, and increased positive feelings about the organization; they can make enjoyable or unenjoyable tasks more pleasant and are a factor in preventing
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On an individual level, distractions and inter-role conflicts occur while an attempt to balance both features of friendship and the organization need to be satisfied.
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According to one article, it highlights the importance of affective events and incidental moods in driving job satisfaction, in addition to cognitive-based drivers.
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Banker, J.E.; C. E. Kaestle; K.R. Allen (2010). "Dating is Hard Work: A Narrative
Approach to Understanding Sexual and Romantic Relationships in Young Adulthood".
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Results of workplace relationships can both benefit and hinder the employees and organization. There are no rules to predict what will occur because of it.
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Those involved, however, have had positive results in the workplace, such as increased performance, higher motivation, and higher overall job satisfaction.
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Because romantic relationships in the office can cause problems, employees now have to face the consequences, regardless of if they are involved or not. A
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are unique to the organizational world based on their patterns of governance, succession, management, and ownership by influencing their business's
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Lam, Long W.; Lau, Dora C. (1 November 2012). "Feeling lonely at work: investigating the consequences of unsatisfactory workplace relationships".
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Barker, R.T.; G. W. Rimler; E. Moreno; T.E. Kaplan (2004). "Family business members' narrative perceptions: Values, succession, and commitment".
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Malachowski, C. C.; Chory, R. M.; Claus, C. J. (2012). "Mixing
Pleasure with Work: Employee Perceptions of and Responses to Workplace Romance".
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with important implications for the individuals in those relationships, and the organizations in which the relationships exist and develop.
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Gordon, Jason; Hartman, Rosanne L. (7 August 2009). "Affinity-Seeking
Strategies and Open Communication in Peer Workplace Relationships".
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Sias, Patricia M.; Gallagher, Erin B.; Kopaneva, Irina; Pedersen, Hannah (13 January 2011). "Maintaining
Workplace Friendships".
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spend together, friendships start to emerge through their shared experiences, and their desire for a built-in support system.
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within the workplace results in more positive feelings associated with their workplace. These feelings of involvement and
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Horan, S.; Chory, R. (2011). "Understanding Work/Life
Blending: Credibility Implications for Those Who Date at Work".
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Kohn and O'Connell point out 6 major habits of highly effective bosses. One of the habits is known as following the ‘
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is a great tactic in some situations, but not in all. Parties using contradicting communication styles, pre-existing
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623:"Navigating Academia's Stressful Waters: Discussing the Power of Horizontal Linkages for Early-Career Researchers"
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Exploration of the
Relationship Between Friendship at Work and Job Satisfaction: An Application of Balance Theory
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In the workplace, individuals cannot choose their co-workers. They can, however, choose who they want to have a
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Pierce, C.A. (1998). "Factors
Associated With Participating in a Romantic Relationship in a Work Environment".
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Features of organizations include involuntary interactions, formality, exchange norms, and instrumental goals.
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Features of friendships include voluntary interaction, informality, communal norms, and socio-emotional goals.
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conflict with the love contract can result if employees claim they were pressured into signing the contract.
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Sias, Patricia M. (1 January 2005). "Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Information Experiences".
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Bridge, Kennan; Baxter, Leslie A. (1 September 1992). "Blended relationships: Friends as work associates".
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Succession is known to be an important issue families will face within a business setting. Family business
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Having friendships in the workplace can not only improve efficiency, but can also encourage creativity and
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McBride, M. C.; Bergen, K. M. (2015). "Work Spouses: Defining and Understanding a "New" Relationship".
360:. In addition to these, managers can make decisions such as promotions, relocations, and terminations.
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On a group and organizational level, workplace relationships can cause exclusivity, social status
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parties feel secure and involved in their environment. Studies show that having larger multiplex
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1195:"From the Bedroom to the Office: Workplace Spillover Effects of Sexual Activity at Home"
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Leavitt, Keith; Barnes, Christopher M.; Watkins, Trevor; Wagner, David T. (March 2019).
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Mayo, E. (1933). The human problems of an industrial civilization. New York: MacMillan.
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Sias (2005). "Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Information Experiences".
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Handler, W.C. (2004). "Succession in family business: A review of the research".
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454:. Michigan: Michigan State University Department of Communication. pp. 1–44.
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These features clash with each other when a workplace relationship is occurring.
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Ruan, D (1993). "Interpersonal networks and workplace controls in urban China".
1148:"Friends Without Benefits: Understanding the Dark Sides of Workplace Friendship"
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Lauriano, Lucas Amaral; Grimm, Julia; Pradilla, Camilo Arciniegas (March 2024).
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lead to effects such as increased productivity and a reduction in exhaustion.
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Maslow, A.H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
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54:. Workplace relationships are not limited to friendships, but also include
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Responses that can be resulted from workplace relationships involve job
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Wolgemuth, L. (2010). "Be Wary About Chancing a Workplace Romance".
238:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Morrison, Rachel L.; Cooper-Thomas, Helena D. (17 December 2016).
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Lee-Kim, Julia (2006). "6 Habits of Highly Effective Bosses".
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Pillemer, Julianna; Rothbard, Nancy (15 February 2018).
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123:within the organization. This will increase
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283:awkwardness among other employees.
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294:regulations that say they cannot.
169:Superior-subordinate relationships
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708:Business Communication Quarterly
503:Western Journal of Communication
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869:Cyberpsychology & Behavior
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158:organizational identification
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1007:10.1080/10510974.2011.582663
972:10.1080/10570314.2012.656215
941:U.S. News & World Report
677:10.1080/09585192.2012.665070
1387:Counterproductive behaviour
1093:10.2190/h78u-j2af-6qwc-x46j
905:Contemporary Family Therapy
234:the claims made and adding
37:interpersonal relationships
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470:Friendship Among Coworkers
179:McGregor's X- and Y-Theory
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639:10.1177/00076503231182691
550:10.1080/15456870902873184
515:10.1080/10570319209374414
134:hostile work environments
1889:Aspects of organizations
1537:Hostile work environment
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429:10.1177/0093650210396869
352:, worker morale, worker
1874:Aspects of corporations
1662:Quality of working life
1352:Artificial intelligence
144:events, organizational
33:Workplace relationships
18:Workplace relationships
1884:Aspects of occupations
725:Kohn, Stephen (2005).
627:Business & Society
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1372:Computer surveillance
1199:Journal of Management
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995:Communication Studies
881:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.22
834:Communication Studies
799:Communication Studies
756:Communication Studies
267:workplace romance is
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1432:Effects of overtime
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110:relational networks
1667:Queen bee syndrome
1282:With Her Colleague
597:10.1111/peps.12109
219:possibly contains
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1280:Work Relationship
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1916:
1913:
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1910:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
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1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1853:Whistleblower
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Strike action
1841:
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1692:Role conflict
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1677:Relationships
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1382:Control freak
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1157:
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1126:
1122:(2): 133–157.
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146:socialization
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40:
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30:
19:
1833:Organization
1823:Labor rights
1803:Headquarters
1722:Toxic leader
1702:Spirituality
1567:Kick the cat
1557:Intervention
1497:Feminisation
1347:Anti-pattern
1247:
1243:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1155:
1151:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1084:
1080:
1060:
1033:
1029:
1023:
998:
994:
988:
963:
959:
953:
944:
940:
934:
909:
903:
897:
875:(1): 22–29.
872:
868:
862:
837:
833:
827:
802:
798:
792:
759:
755:
749:
728:
720:
711:
707:
701:
668:
664:
630:
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588:
584:
541:
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531:
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469:
451:
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388:
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374:
371:
368:
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350:productivity
347:
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292:
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250:
241:
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150:
141:professional
138:
118:
106:
98:productivity
94:
87:
73:
41:
32:
31:
29:
1848:Trade union
1838:Remote work
1813:Job sharing
1788:Corporation
1737:Undermining
1657:Psychopathy
1507:Goofing off
1502:Generations
1487:Empowerment
1332:Absenteeism
1316:Aspects of
269:work spouse
186:Golden Rule
154:affiliation
35:are unique
1894:Employment
1793:Employment
1602:Narcissism
1552:Inequality
1547:Incivility
1522:Harassment
1492:Evaluation
1427:Drug tests
1342:Aggression
1318:workplaces
393:References
381:groupthink
354:motivation
329:succession
228:improve it
90:co-workers
75:Friendship
48:loneliness
1915:Workplace
1867:Templates
1652:Profanity
1647:Probation
1587:Menopause
1577:Listening
1517:Happiness
1417:Diversity
1402:Democracy
1392:Coworking
1272:141695792
1219:0149-2063
1180:149362429
1172:0363-7425
1101:143658140
1038:CiteSeerX
1015:146406914
980:144019407
947:(11): 56.
926:144884225
854:143211094
819:143534269
784:143534269
776:1051-0974
693:154196791
685:0958-5192
647:0007-6503
605:1744-6570
566:144302595
558:1545-6870
523:1057-0314
377:hierarchy
232:verifying
114:belonging
83:affection
79:belonging
43:Workplace
1909:Category
1781:See also
1772:Workwear
1762:Workload
1752:Wellness
1742:Violence
1732:Turnover
1727:Training
1707:Strategy
1697:Sabotage
1672:Rat race
1612:Overwork
1442:Emotions
1407:Deviance
1377:Conflict
1357:Bullying
889:16497115
437:26155388
244:May 2018
200:Romantic
130:Openness
60:romantic
1798:Factory
1747:Virtual
1682:Revenge
1642:Privacy
1597:Mobbing
1367:Culture
1362:Climate
1264:2949953
226:Please
1828:Office
1712:Stress
1632:Phobia
1562:Jargon
1512:Gossip
1325:Topics
1270:
1262:
1217:
1178:
1170:
1099:
1040:
1013:
978:
924:
887:
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817:
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737:
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683:
645:
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564:
556:
521:
484:
435:
358:gossip
312:Family
64:family
62:, and
1542:Humor
1268:S2CID
1260:JSTOR
1176:S2CID
1097:S2CID
1011:S2CID
976:S2CID
922:S2CID
850:S2CID
815:S2CID
780:S2CID
689:S2CID
562:S2CID
433:S2CID
322:goals
194:pride
1215:ISSN
1168:ISSN
885:PMID
772:ISSN
735:ISBN
714:(1).
681:ISSN
643:ISSN
601:ISSN
554:ISSN
519:ISSN
482:ISBN
173:The
156:and
50:and
1808:Job
1252:doi
1207:doi
1160:doi
1089:doi
1048:doi
1003:doi
968:doi
945:147
914:doi
877:doi
842:doi
807:doi
764:doi
673:doi
635:doi
593:doi
546:doi
511:doi
474:doi
425:doi
383:).
230:by
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1128:^
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655:^
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613:^
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1017:.
1005::
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251:(
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242:(
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20:)
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