1127:), can be used but care should be exercised, as they are often, in part, primary sources. Some of them will have gone through a process of academic peer reviewing, of varying levels of rigor, but some will not. If possible, use theses that have been cited in the literature; supervised by recognized specialists in the field; or reviewed by independent parties. Dissertations in progress have not been vetted and are not regarded as published and are thus not reliable sources as a rule. Some theses are later published in the form of scholarly monographs or peer reviewed articles, and, if available, these are usually preferable to the original thesis as sources. Masters dissertations and theses are considered reliable only if they can be shown to have had significant scholarly influence.
860:. The term is most commonly associated with text materials, either in traditional printed format or online; however, audio, video, and multimedia materials that have been recorded then broadcast, distributed, or archived by a reputable party may also meet the necessary criteria to be considered reliable sources. Like text, media must be produced by a reliable source and be properly cited. Additionally, an archived copy of the media must exist. It is convenient, but by no means necessary, for the archived copy to be accessible via the Internet.
2809:—are not a reliable source. If the information is supported by the body of the source, then cite it from the body. Headlines are written to grab readers' attention quickly and briefly; they may be overstated or lack context, and sometimes contain exaggerations or sensationalized claims with the intention of attracting readers to an otherwise reliable article. They are often written by copy editors instead of the researchers and journalists who wrote the articles.
735:
2210:(ML, AI) has become a common way to generate and publish material. It may not be known or detectable that ML was used. While ML generation in itself does not necessarily disqualify a source that is properly checked by the person using it, ML has a tendency to create or "hallucinate" imaginary information, "supported" by citations that look as if they are from respectable sources but do not exist. In one case, a lawyer used
747:, published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy. This means that we publish only the analysis, views, and opinions of reliable authors, and not those of Wikipedians, who have read and interpreted primary source material for themselves. The following examples cover only some of the possible types of reliable sources and source reliability issues, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Proper sourcing
1062:
relevant field, or largely ignored by the mainstream academic discourse because of lack of citations. Try to cite current scholarly consensus when available, recognizing that this is often absent. Reliable non-academic sources may also be used in articles about scholarly issues, particularly material from high-quality mainstream publications. Deciding which sources are appropriate depends on context. Material should be
2330:. Although specific facts may be taken from primary sources, secondary sources that present the same material are preferred. Large blocks of material based purely on primary sources should be avoided. All interpretive claims, analyses, or synthetic claims about primary sources must be referenced to a secondary source, rather than original analysis of the primary-source material by Knowledge editors.
1025:
source's reputation and reliability for similar facts, whereas widespread doubts about reliability weigh against it. If outside citation is the main indicator of reliability, particular care should be taken to adhere to other guidelines and policies, and to not unduly represent contentious or minority claims. The goal is to reflect established views of a topic as far as we can determine them.
1177:– Care should be taken with journals that exist mainly to promote a particular point of view. A claim of peer review is not an indication that the journal is respected, or that any meaningful peer review occurs. Journals that are not peer reviewed by the wider academic community should not be considered reliable, except to show the views of the groups represented by those journals.
81:
2122:
1100:– Articles should rely on secondary sources whenever possible. For example, a paper reviewing existing research, a review article, monograph, or textbook is often better than a primary research paper. When relying on primary sources, extreme caution is advised. Wikipedians should never interpret the content of primary sources for themselves (
160:
2686:. Claims sourced to initial news reports should be immediately replaced with better-researched and verified sources as soon as such articles are published, especially if original reports contained inaccuracies. All breaking news stories, without exception, are primary sources, and must be treated with caution: see
3891:
1151:– Isolated studies are usually considered tentative and may change in the light of further academic research. If the isolated study is a primary source, it should generally not be used if there are secondary sources that cover the same content. The reliability of a single study depends on the field. Avoid
977:(where later reports might be more accurate), and primary sources which purport to debunk a long-standing consensus or introduce a new discovery (in which case awaiting studies that attempt to replicate the discovery might be a good idea, or reviews that validate the methods used to make the discovery).
2444:
relevant but are only sourced to obscure texts that lack peer review. Parity of sources may mean that certain fringe theories are only reliably and verifiably reported on, or criticized, in alternative venues from those that are typically considered reliable sources for scientific topics on
Knowledge.
2725:
may be added to the top of articles related to a breaking-news event to alert readers that some information in the article may be inaccurate and to draw attention to the need to add improved sources as they become available. These templates should not be used, however, to mark articles on subjects or
1699:
Questionable sources are those with a poor reputation for checking the facts or with no editorial oversight. Such sources include websites and publications expressing views that are widely acknowledged as extremist, that are promotional in nature, or that rely heavily on rumors and personal opinions.
1493:
When taking information from opinion content, the identity of the author may help determine reliability. The opinions of specialists and recognized experts are more likely to be reliable and to reflect a significant viewpoint. If the statement is not authoritative, attribute the opinion to the author
2678:
contains several suggestions to avoid spreading unreliable and false information. These include: distrust anonymous sources, unconfirmed reports, and reports attributed to other news media; seek multiple independent sources which independently verify; seek verified eyewitness reports; and be wary of
2443:
Inclusion and exclusion of content related to fringe theories and criticism of fringe theories may be done by means of a rough parity of sources. If an article is written about a well-known topic about which many peer-reviewed articles are written, it should not include fringe theories that may seem
1061:
Many
Knowledge articles rely on scholarly material. When available, academic and peer-reviewed publications, scholarly monographs, and textbooks are usually the most reliable sources. However, some scholarly material may be outdated, in competition with alternative theories, controversial within the
912:
Information provided in passing by an otherwise reliable source or information that is not related to the principal topics of the publication may not be reliable; editors should cite sources focused on the topic at hand where possible. For example, a publisher's web site is likely to be reliable for
1303:
News sources often contain both factual content and opinion content. News reporting from well-established news outlets is generally considered to be reliable for statements of fact (though even the most reputable reporting sometimes contains errors). News reporting from less-established outlets is
3322:
Many submissions to these predatory journals will be by scholars that a) cannot get their theories published in legitimate journals, b) were looking to quickly publish something to boost their academic resumes, or c) were honestly looking for a legitimate peer-review process to validate new ideas,
961:
Especially in scientific and academic fields, older sources may be inaccurate because new information has been brought to light, new theories proposed, or vocabulary changed. In areas like politics or fashion, laws or trends may make older claims incorrect. Be sure to check that older sources have
893:
The reliability of a source depends on context. Each source must be carefully weighed to judge whether it is reliable for the statement being made in the
Knowledge article and is an appropriate source for that content. In general, the more people engaged in checking facts, analyzing legal issues,
2668:
and it does not need to go into all details of a current event in real time. It is better to wait a day or two after an event before adding details to the encyclopedia, than to help spread potentially false rumors. This gives journalists time to collect more information and verify claims, and for
2214:
to generate and file a legal brief that he did not check; the judge upon reviewing the case stated, "six of the submitted cases appear to be bogus judicial decisions with bogus quotes and bogus internal citations", although ChatGPT had assured the author that they were real and could "be found in
1836:. A sponsored supplement also does not necessarily involve a COI; for instance, public health agencies may also sponsor supplements. However, groups that do have a COI may hide behind layers of front organizations with innocuous names, so the ultimate funding sources should always be ascertained.
2536:
A statement that all or most scientists or scholars hold a certain view requires reliable sourcing that directly says that all or most scientists or scholars hold that view. Otherwise, individual opinions should be identified as those of particular, named sources. Editors should avoid original
2492:
The accuracy of quoted material is paramount and the accuracy of quotations from living persons is especially sensitive. To ensure accuracy, the text of quoted material is best taken from (and cited to) the original source being quoted. If this is not possible, then the text may be taken from a
1141:. Works published in journals not included in appropriate databases, especially in fields well covered by them, might be isolated from mainstream academic discourse, though whether it is appropriate to use will depend on the context. The number of citations may be misleading if an author cites
2870:, these are rarely appropriate outside articles on the source itself. In general articles, commentary on a deprecated source's opinion should be drawn from independent secondary sources. Including a claim or statement by a deprecated source that is not covered by reliable sources risks giving
1024:
How accepted and high-quality reliable sources use a given source provides evidence, positive or negative, for its reliability and reputation. The more widespread and consistent this use is, the stronger the evidence. For example, widespread citation without comment for facts is evidence of a
2250:
Editors must take particular care when writing biographical material about living persons. Contentious material about a living person that is unsourced or poorly sourced should be removed immediately; do not move it to the talk page. This applies to any material related to living persons on
738:
Source reliability falls on a spectrum: No source is 'always reliable' or 'always unreliable' for everything. However, some sources provide stronger or weaker support for a given statement. Editors must use their judgment to draw the line between usable and inappropriate sources for each
1639:. When dealing with a potentially biased source, editors should consider whether the source meets the normal requirements for reliable sources, such as editorial control, a reputation for fact-checking, and the level of independence from the topic the source is covering. Bias may make
3121:
781:
is where the material comes from. For example, a source could be a book or a webpage. A source can be reliable or unreliable for the material it is meant to support. Some sources, such as unpublished texts and an editor's own personal experience, are prohibited.
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1893:
are all examples of self-published media. Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established expert on the subject matter, whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable, independent publications.
1700:
Questionable sources are generally unsuitable for citing contentious claims about third parties, which includes claims against institutions, persons living or dead, as well as more ill-defined entities. The proper uses of a questionable source are very limited.
1117:– Material such as an article, book, monograph, or research paper that has been vetted by the scholarly community is regarded as reliable, where the material has been published in reputable peer-reviewed sources or by well-regarded academic presses.
1506:
Some websites function partly or entirely as aggregators, reprinting items from websites of news agencies, blogs, websites, or even
Knowledge itself. These may constitute a curated feed or an AI-generated feed. Examples include the main pages of
1556:
prohibit linking to "Individual web pages that primarily exist to sell products or services", inline citations may be allowed to e-commerce pages such as that of a book on a bookseller's page or an album on its streaming-music page, in order to
2447:
In an article on a fringe topic, if a notable fringe theory is primarily described by amateurs and self-published texts, verifiable and reliable criticism of the fringe theory need not be published in a peer-reviewed journal. For example, the
672:
for any material challenged or likely to be challenged, and for all quotations. The verifiability policy is strictly applied to all material in the mainspace—articles, lists, and sections of articles—without exception, and in particular to
1750:
is a paid advertisement that is formatted to look like an article or other piece of typical content for that outlet. The content may be directly controlled by the sponsor, or the advertiser may pay an author to create the content (e.g.,
2456:, critiques of that material can likewise be gleaned from reliable websites and books that are not peer-reviewed. Of course, for any viewpoint described in an article, only reliable sources should be used; Knowledge's verifiability and
2223:". Citations have been published to newspaper articles that do not exist, attributed to named reporters. Such spurious material may be generated unintentionally by writers—reporters, scientists, medical researchers, lawyers, ...—using
2312:, such as introductory-level university textbooks, almanacs, and encyclopedias, may be cited. However, although Knowledge articles are tertiary sources, Knowledge employs no systematic mechanism for fact-checking or accuracy. Thus,
689:
In the event of a contradiction between this guideline and our policies regarding sourcing and attribution, the policies take priority and editors should seek to resolve the discrepancy. Other policies relevant to sourcing are
1355:
Otherwise reliable news sources—for example, the website of a major news organization—that publish in a blog-style format for some or all of their content may be as reliable as if published in standard news article format
810:
Reliable sources may be published materials with a reliable publication process, authors who are regarded as authoritative in relation to the subject, or both. These qualifications should be demonstrable to other people.
1632:. However, reliable sources are not required to be neutral, unbiased, or objective. Sometimes non-neutral sources are the best possible sources for supporting information about the different viewpoints held on a subject.
1781:
are often (but far from always) unacceptable sources. They are commonly sponsored by industry groups with a financial interest in the outcome of the research reported. They may lack independent editorial oversight and
3818:
Rochon, PA; Gurwitz, JH; Cheung, CM; Hayes, JA; Chalmers, TC (13 July 1994). "Evaluating the quality of articles published in journal supplements compared with the quality of those published in the parent journal".
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1187:
are of very low quality and have only token peer-review, if any. These journals publish whatever is submitted if the author is willing to pay a fee. Some go so far as to mimic the names of established journals
2571:
Some sources may be considered reliable for statements as to their author's opinion, but not for statements asserted as fact. For example, an inline qualifier might say " says....". A prime example of this is
4350:
357:
1267:
are not reliable sources. Research that has not been peer-reviewed is akin to a blog, as anybody can post it online. Their use is generally discouraged, unless they meet the criteria for acceptable use of
3172:
1793:
Indications that an article was published in a supplement may be fairly subtle; for instance, a letter "S" added to a page number, or "Suppl." in a reference. However, note that merely being published in
2881:
Some sources are blacklisted, and can not be used at all. Blacklisting is generally reserved for sources which are added abusively, such as state-sponsored fake news sites with a history of addition by
1571:
When only self-published by the vendor, i.e. no reliable independent source confirming the ranking as being relevant, the ranking would usually carry insufficient weight to be mentioned in any article.
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and claim to be an expert in a certain field. For that reason, self-published sources are largely not acceptable. Self-published books and newsletters, personal pages on social networking sites,
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4190:
2752:
cautions consumers to be wary of news reports describing early science and medical breakthroughs, especially those which do not interview independent experts (often solely based on unreliable
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such things as titles and running times. Journalistic and academic sources are preferable, however, and e-commerce links should be replaced with reliable non-commercial sources if available.
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also documents a connection between
Schreiber and Terry Morris, a 'pioneer' of this genre who freely admitted to taking 'considerable license with the facts that are given to me.'
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in mainstream newspapers. When using them, it is best to clearly attribute the opinions in the text to the author and make it clear to the readers that they are reading an opinion
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427:
172:
for any material challenged or likely to be challenged, and for all quotations. If you are new to editing and just need a general overview of how sources work, please visit the
3415:
685:) that is unsourced or poorly sourced—whether the material is negative, positive, neutral, or just questionable—must be removed immediately and without waiting for discussion.
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Partisan secondary sources should be viewed with suspicion as they may misquote or quote out of context. In such cases, look for neutral corroboration from another source.
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2541:. Stated simply, any statement in Knowledge that academic consensus exists on a topic must be sourced rather than being based on the opinion or assessment of editors.
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Common sources of bias include political, financial, religious, philosophical, or other beliefs. Although a source may be biased, it may be reliable in the specific
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3916:
3131:
3010:
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and should not be treated differently than the underlying press release. Occasionally, some newspapers still have specialist reporters who are citable by name. (
2851:
A number of sources are deprecated on
Knowledge. That means they should not be used, unless there is a specific consensus to do so. Deprecation happens through a
5347:
3218:
3060:
2429:
that the biomedical information in all types of articles be based on reliable, independent, published sources and accurately reflect current medical knowledge.
2326:
are often difficult to use appropriately. Although they can be both reliable and useful in certain situations, they must be used with caution in order to avoid
513:
1814:
1123:– Completed dissertations or theses written as part of the requirements for a doctorate, and which are publicly available (most via interlibrary loan or from
3798:
3213:
3162:
3147:
3054:
2842:
2760:(exaggerating risks, symptoms, or anecdotes of a disease which leads to unnecessary worry, panic, or spending), and to be skeptical of treatments which are "
2756:), to prefer reports which avoid hyperbolic language and describe both benefits and costs of a new treatment (all treatments have trade-offs), to be wary of
1778:
1715:" behavior, which includes questionable business practices and/or peer-review processes that raise concerns about the reliability of their journal articles.
1133:– One may be able to confirm that discussion of the source has entered mainstream academic discourse by checking what scholarly citations it has received in
59:
4803:
3070:
2990:
2156:, especially in articles about themselves, without the requirement that they be published experts in the field, so long as the following criteria are met:
3542:
2611:, unless written or published by the subject of the biographical material. "Self-published blogs" in this context refers to personal and group blogs; see
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5200:
4527:
4176:
2768:" as more than 90% of all treatments fail during these stages and, even if efficacious, may be 10 to 15 years or more from reaching the consumer market.
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reliable secondary source (ideally one that includes a citation to the original). No matter where you take the quoted text from, it is important to
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as academic articles. Such supplements, and those that do not clearly declare their editorial policy and conflicts of interest, should not be cited.
5131:
3575:
3188:
3049:
2863:), usually when there are large numbers of references to the source giving rise to concerns about the integrity of information in the encyclopedia.
980:
Similarly for breaking news, a contemporary secondary news source can quickly become a historical primary source. Articles of recent current events
629:
208:
1786:, with no supervision of content by the parent journal. Such articles do not share the reliability of their parent journal, being essentially paid
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4798:
4537:
4279:
2653:
2616:
2612:
2245:
1276:. However, links to such repositories can be used as open-access links for papers which have been subsequently published in acceptable literature.
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682:
674:
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2859:. It is reserved for sources that have a substantial history of fabrication or other serious factual accuracy issues (e.g. promoting unfounded
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52:
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in the text of the article and do not represent it as fact. Reviews for books, movies, art, etc. can be opinion, summary, or scholarly pieces.
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1832:
381:
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88:
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is generally not as reliable as news reporting, and may not be subject to the same rigorous standards of fact-checking and accuracy (see
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not been superseded, especially if it is likely that new discoveries or developments have occurred in the last few years. In particular,
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5167:
5069:
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3611:
3042:
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at the top of the article. Sources that do not clearly distinguish staff-written articles from sponsored content are also questionable.
527:
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potential hoaxes. With mass shootings, remain skeptical of early reports of additional attackers, coordinated plans, and bomb threats.
5205:
4791:
3177:
2078:) may be reliable when summarizing experts, the ratings and opinions of their users (including the reported rating averages) are not.
464:
3405:
2664:
Breaking-news reports often contain serious inaccuracies. As an electronic publication, Knowledge can and should be up to date, but
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an author's identity, date of publication, etc., but not necessarily for a critical, artistic, or commercial evaluation of the work (
4823:
4200:
3273:
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persons in the news. If they were, hundreds of thousands of articles would have such a template, without any significant advantage (
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418:
45:
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3633:
5478:
5342:
4813:
4808:
3439:"Sham journals scam authors: Con artists are stealing the identities of real journals to cheat scientists out of publishing fees"
3065:
2449:
2063:). For official accounts from celebrities and organizations on social media, see the section about self-published sources below.
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When editors talk about sources that are being cited on
Knowledge, they might be referring to any one of these three concepts:
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article may include material from reliable websites, movies, television specials, and books that are not peer-reviewed. By
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Rankings proposed by vendors (such as bestseller lists at Amazon) usually have at least one of the following problems:
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For health- and science-related breaking-news, Knowledge has specific sourcing standards to prevent inaccuracies: see
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rumors may be appropriate (i.e. if the rumors themselves are noteworthy, regardless of whether or not they are true).
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Some news organizations have used
Knowledge articles as a source for their work. Editors should therefore beware of
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Scholarly sources and high-quality non-scholarly sources are generally better than news reports for academic topics
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Signals that a news organization engages in fact-checking and has a reputation for accuracy are the publication of
1340:. Press releases from organizations or journals are often used by newspapers with minimal change; such sources are
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The reporting of rumors has a limited encyclopedic value, although in some instances verifiable information
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1200:. If you are unsure about the quality of a journal, check that the editorial board is based in a respected
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Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals
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2305:, i.e., a document or recording that relates to or discusses information originally presented elsewhere.
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3250:– obtain community input on whether or not a source meets our reliability standards for a particular use
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4150:. How a troll used user-generated content to spread misinformation to TV.com, the IMDb, and Knowledge.
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Unless reported by a reliable source, leaks should not normally be used or cited directly in articles.
1208:—be wary of indexes that merely list almost all publications, and do not vet the journals they list. (
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3855:"Food company sponsorship of nutrition research and professional activities: a conflict of interest?"
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is generally unacceptable. Sites with user-generated content include personal websites, personal and
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about living people, even if the author is an expert, well-known professional researcher, or writer.
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Any analysis or interpretation of the quoted material, however, should rely on a secondary source (
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When editing articles in which the use of primary sources is a concern, in-line templates, such as
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generally considered less reliable for statements of fact. Most newspapers also reprint items from
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It does not involve claims about third parties (such as people, organizations, or other entities).
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depends on context; common sense and editorial judgment are an indispensable part of the process.
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A deprecated source should not be used to support factual claims. While there are exceptions for
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Knowledge articles (and
Knowledge mirrors) in themselves are not reliable sources for any purpose
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This guideline discusses the reliability of various types of sources. The policy on sourcing is
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2695:
Knowledge:Identifying and using primary sources § Examples of news reports as primary sources
5388:
5322:
5215:
4168:
4051:
4036:
3869:
3828:
3506:
3450:
3258:
2875:
2705:
2207:
2004:
2000:
1704:
1640:
1558:
1478:
1325:
1063:
598:
1515:. As with newspaper reprints, the original content creator is responsible for accuracy and
734:
5377:
4965:
4157:
3805:
3570:
3310:
2871:
2594:
2538:
2425:
and position statements from nationally or internationally reputable expert bodies. It is
2418:
2071:
1882:
1652:
1417:
news story is reliable for a fact or statement should be examined on a case-by-case basis.
1273:
1168:
1152:
2624:
Knowledge:Verifiability § Self-published or questionable sources as sources on themselves
2113:
Knowledge:Verifiability § Self-published or questionable sources as sources on themselves
1812:
supplement. Many, if not most, supplements are perfectly legitimate sources, such as the
5233:
4138:
4128:
4120:
4114:
4106:
4055:
4024:
3641:
2542:
2134:
Knowledge:Verifiability#Self-published or questionable sources as sources on themselves
2024:
1961:
1890:
1381:
1205:
1134:
588:
169:
3338:
and others and discussed on
Knowledge, where incorrect details from articles added as
2617:
Knowledge:Biographies of living persons § Using the subject as a self-published source
1767:
sources in articles. Reliable publications clearly indicate sponsored articles in the
1519:. Direct links to the original source should be preferred over the aggregator's link.
5462:
4634:
3832:
3713:
3588:
3494:
3376:
2856:
2852:
2573:
2457:
1760:
1648:
1644:
1462:
1269:
1197:
1164:
1142:
1067:
4942:
3887:
5266:
2671:
2008:
1988:
1957:
1899:
1553:
796:
4970:
3468:
1192:). The lack of reliable peer review implies that articles in such journals should
4154:
How to Read a News Story About an Investigation: Eight Tips on Who Is Saying What
4144:"How I used lies about a cartoon to prove history is meaningless on the internet"
3775:
2765:
5439:
4687:
3510:
3401:
3334:
1802:
1783:
1305:
894:
and scrutinizing the writing, the more reliable the publication. Sources should
4040:
2180:
These requirements also apply to pages from social networking websites such as
3695:
2883:
2806:
2406:
2216:
2194:
2075:
2052:
1949:
1772:
1512:
1341:
4047:
3757:"Potential, possible, or probable predatory scholarly open-access publishers"
2739:
Knowledge:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) § Respect secondary sources
2152:
Self-published or questionable sources may be used as sources of information
2802:
2228:
2198:; the great majority of any article must be drawn from independent sources.
2170:
It does not involve claims about events not directly related to the subject.
2082:
2056:
2044:
2020:
2012:
1466:
1156:
17:
4125:
Reading, Writing, and Researching for History: A Guide for College Students
4111:
Reading, Writing, and Researching for History: A Guide for College Students
4063:
3880:
3640:. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 2011. Archived from
3517:
3461:
3839:
1575:
For such reasons, such rankings are usually avoided as Knowledge content.
1155:
when using single studies in such fields. Studies relating to complex and
4147:
2654:
Knowledge:Biographies of living persons § Avoid gossip and feedback loops
2421:, widely recognised standard textbooks written by experts in a field, or
2189:
2032:
1996:
1313:
1248:
1160:
1124:
5054:
3699:, which is broadly considered a questionable and prohibited source, per
2689:
Knowledge:No original research § Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
2682:
When editing a current-event article, keep in mind the tendency towards
2460:
policies are not suspended simply because the topic is a fringe theory.
2297:
Knowledge:No original research § Primary, secondary and tertiary sources
1568:
It may be impossible to provide a stable source for the alleged ranking.
1163:, are less definitive and should be avoided. Secondary sources, such as
3998:"Breaking News Consumer's Handbook: Health News Edition | On the Media"
3873:
2606:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2181:
2048:
1992:
1969:
1886:
1309:
1260:
1256:
3950:"Newspaper Alarmed When ChatGPT References Article It Never Published"
3760:
2537:
research especially with regard to making blanket statements based on
2495:
make clear the actual source of the text, as it appears in the article
1212:
Knowledge:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) § Predatory journals
2185:
2040:
2036:
2028:
1768:
1396:
1264:
3454:
3302:
1057:
Knowledge:Verifiability § Verifiability does not guarantee inclusion
4025:"Why 90% of clinical drug development fails and how to improve it?"
1470:
1400:
1252:
733:
1497:
Some news organizations may not publish their editorial policies.
698:. For questions about the reliability of particular sources, see
4023:
Sun, Duxin; Gao, Wei; Hu, Hongxiang; Zhou, Simon (1 July 2022).
2602:
2598:
2089:
Self-published and questionable sources as sources on themselves
2016:
1981:
1138:
5058:
4172:
2886:. Specific blacklisted sources can be locally whitelisted; see
2587:
There is an important exception to sourcing statements of fact
2417:
in reliable, independent, published sources, such as reputable
602:
37:"WP:IRS" redirects here. For independent reliable sources, see
3919:
of how to identify shill academic articles cited in Knowledge.
2669:
investigative authorities to make official announcements. The
2116:
1508:
1171:
are preferred when available, so as to provide proper context.
605:
154:
75:
3931:"Lawyer cites fake cases generated by ChatGPT in legal brief"
3351:
Please keep in mind that any exceptional claim would require
2904:
Knowledge:Template messages/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources
2227:
to help them to produce reports, or maliciously to generate "
2176:
The Knowledge article is not based primarily on such sources.
1651:..."; or "The conservative Republican presidential candidate
898:
the information as it is presented in the Knowledge article (
27:
Content guideline for determining the reliability of a source
3078:, a program for accessing paywalled resources free of charge
4873:
3533:"Many Academics Are Eager to Publish in Worthless Journals"
3381:"Criteria for Determining Predatory Open-Access Publishers"
2613:
Knowledge:Biographies of living persons § Reliable sources
2246:
Knowledge:Biographies of living persons § Reliable sources
1703:
Beware of sources that sound reliable but do not have the
44:"WP:Reliability" redirects here. For the WikiProject, see
4078:"How long a new drug takes to go through clinical trials"
1517:
reliability should be judged based on the original source
1272:, and will always fail higher sourcing requirements like
99:
may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect
1424:
article. Such sources are essentially a single source.
991:, and this needs to be balanced out by careful editing.
51:
For community input on the reliability of a source, see
4134:
2826:
2792:
2785:
2643:
2562:
2527:
2477:
2390:
2286:
2279:
2102:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1862:
1855:
1732:
1690:
1683:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1543:
1536:
1477:
from notable figures) are reliable primary sources for
1452:
1445:
1294:
1236:
1229:
1204:, and that it is included in the relevant high-quality
1087:
1042:
1015:
1008:
952:
945:
938:
884:
877:
842:
822:"WP:PUBLISHED" redirects here. Not to be confused with
768:
725:
142:
135:
128:
121:
3968:"The Breaking News Consumer's Handbook | On the Media"
3323:
but were denied the feedback by fraudulent publishers.
3173:
Otto Middleton (or why newspapers are dubious sources)
2301:
Knowledge articles should be based mainly on reliable
1360:
Knowledge:Verifiability § Newspaper and magazine blogs
3406:"Scientific Articles Accepted (Personal Checks, Too)"
3332:
A variety of these incidents have been documented by
3122:
Children's, adult new reader, and large print sources
3100:
Knowledge:Essay directory § Verifiability and sources
2622:
The exception for statements ABOUTSELF is covered at
2579:
1465:, whether written by the editors of the publication (
916:
856:
means, for Knowledge's purposes, any source that was
2173:
There is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity.
1987:
Examples of unacceptable user-generated sources are
1647:
wrote that..."; "According to the Marxist economist
657:). If no reliable sources can be found on a topic,
5438:
5422:
5356:
5305:
5257:
5224:
5176:
5140:
5092:
4950:
4938:
4881:
4871:
4837:
4779:
4719:
4695:
4685:
4642:
4632:
4572:
4562:
4482:
4398:
4388:
4308:
4244:
4234:
2160:The material is neither unduly self-serving nor an
1743:
Knowledge:Conflict of interest § Covert advertising
3497:(4 October 2013). "Who's afraid of peer review?".
1481:, but are rarely reliable for statements of fact (
3001:Inaccuracy § Appendix: Reliability in the context
2401:Knowledge:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)
1624:Knowledge:Neutral point of view § Bias in sources
964:newer sources are generally preferred in medicine
650:that have appeared in those sources are covered (
4351:Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources
3386:(3rd ed.). Scholarly Open Access. Archived from
2868:discussion of the source's own view on something
1873:Knowledge:Verifiability § Self-published sources
1420:Multiple sources should not be asserted for any
792:The creator of the work (the writer, journalist)
58:For a list of frequently discussed sources, see
3168:NPOV means neutral editing, not neutral content
1944:Content from websites whose content is largely
1346:For topics relating to health or medicine, see
1251:, such as those available on repositories like
712:Knowledge:Neutral point of view § Good research
681:Contentious material about living persons (or,
679:
4513:Do not disrupt Knowledge to illustrate a point
3718:"'Predatory' Open-Access Scholarly Publishers"
3087:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request
3082:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Shared Resources
2609:as a source for material about a living person
1815:Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series
1479:statements attributed to that editor or author
5070:
4184:
3663:Malone Kircher, Madison (November 15, 2016).
3061:List of academic databases and search engines
2660:Knowledge:Notability (events) § Breaking news
2439:Knowledge:Fringe theories § Parity of sources
2202:Spurious sources produced by machine learning
1779:Symposia and supplements to academic journals
1755:). Advertisements can be cited, but they are
1628:Knowledge articles are required to present a
623:
8:
4939:
3134:(phrase doesn't mean what you think it does)
2843:Knowledge:Reliable sources/Perennial sources
1984:and other collaboratively created websites.
1709:Journal of 100% Reliable Factual Information
789:The piece of work itself (the article, book)
60:Knowledge:Reliable sources/Perennial sources
30:"WP:RS" redirects here. For other uses, see
4845:Categories, lists, and navigation templates
3566:"'Sybil Exposed': Memory, lies and therapy"
2127:It has been suggested that this section be
902:Knowledge:Citing sources § Inline citations
648:all majority and significant minority views
95:Editors should generally follow it, though
5077:
5063:
5055:
4947:
4878:
4731:
4692:
4639:
4569:
4395:
4241:
4191:
4177:
4169:
1821:Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements
1665:Knowledge:Verifiability § Reliable sources
1484:
1053:Knowledge:Verifiability § Reliable sources
659:Knowledge should not have an article on it
630:
616:
388:
215:
181:
71:Knowledge:Verifiability § Reliable sources
4054:
3138:Frequently misinterpreted sourcing policy
3006:Identifying and using independent sources
2192:. Use of self-sourced material should be
1840:Self-published sources (online and paper)
1705:reputation for fact-checking and accuracy
858:made available to the public in some form
87:This page documents an English Knowledge
3342:or otherwise have appeared in newspapers
3264:Knowledge Signpost/2008-06-26/Dispatches
3057:, a list of frequently discussed sources
2745:Knowledge:Reliable sources § Scholarship
2373:, may be used to mark areas of concern.
2266:Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources
808:Any of the three can affect reliability.
795:The publisher of the work (for example,
4135:Citogenesis (Where citations come from)
3368:
3295:The Creation Research Society Quarterly
3286:
2957:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)
1659:Questionable and self-published sources
696:Knowledge:Biographies of living persons
587:
564:
512:
484:
449:
417:
380:
308:
281:
207:
184:
3996:Gladstone, Brooke (25 December 2015).
3675:from the original on November 16, 2016
3238:Current science and technology sources
3158:Identifying and using tertiary sources
3153:Identifying reliable sources (science)
3143:Identifying reliable sources (history)
2890:for other details about blacklisting.
2761:
2488:Knowledge:Manual of Style § Quotations
743:Articles should be based on reliable,
700:Knowledge:Reliable sources/Noticeboard
642:Knowledge articles should be based on
505:Deletion guidelines for administrators
53:Knowledge:Reliable sources/Noticeboard
5333:Converting between references formats
3897:from the original on 17 November 2018
3614:from the original on November 5, 2011
3578:from the original on October 16, 2011
3011:Identifying and using primary sources
2539:novel syntheses of disparate material
2316:(except as sources on themselves per
1833:The Times Higher Education Supplement
7:
3545:from the original on 8 November 2017
2730:Knowledge:No disclaimers in articles
1636:
1552:Although the content guidelines for
5348:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
5287:Referencing without using templates
5282:Referencing with citation templates
5004:List of all policies and guidelines
3948:Tangermann, Victor (6 April 2023).
3665:"Fake Facebook news sites to avoid"
3475:from the original on April 13, 2013
3418:from the original on April 11, 2013
3219:Ye shall know them by their sources
3043:Knowledge:Advanced source searching
1461:Editorial commentary, analysis and
1347:
987:Sources of any age may be prone to
174:referencing for beginners help page
5043:Summaries of values and principles
4884:
4722:
4485:
4311:
3564:Miller, Laura (October 16, 2011).
3214:Knowledge is not a reliable source
3163:Identifying and using style guides
3148:Identifying reliable sources (law)
3055:Reliable sources/Perennial sources
2580:§ Editorial and opinion commentary
2215:reputable legal databases such as
1707:that this guideline requires. The
974:
917:§ Reliability in specific contexts
103:. When in doubt, discuss first on
25:
3853:Nestle, Marion (2 January 2007).
3736:from the original on 4 March 2016
3437:Butler, Declan (March 28, 2013).
3233:Change detection and notification
3071:List of online newspaper archives
2991:External links/Perennial websites
2676:Breaking News Consumer's Handbook
1806:evidence of being published in a
1643:appropriate, as in "The feminist
46:Knowledge:WikiProject Reliability
4953:
4698:
4645:
4575:
4528:Please do not bite the newcomers
4401:
4247:
3833:10.1001/jama.1994.03520020034009
3531:Kolata, Gina (30 October 2017).
3066:List of digital library projects
2906:lists many templates, including
2744:
2450:Moon landing conspiracy theories
2353:, or article templates, such as
2235:Reliability in specific contexts
2120:
1827:Supplement to the London Gazette
1432:Editorial and opinion commentary
1335:
683:in some cases, recently deceased
158:
79:
5338:Reference display customization
3978:from the original on 2019-02-28
3790:from the original on 2014-03-05
3204:Vanity and predatory publishing
3185:(provides a ref-vetting method)
3112:Applying reliability guidelines
1175:POV and peer review in journals
1108:Knowledge:Neutral point of view
654:Knowledge:Neutral point of view
4121:How to Read a Secondary Source
3189:Potentially unreliable sources
3050:Free English newspaper sources
2723:current-event-related template
2507:Knowledge:No original research
1898:use self-published sources as
1469:) or outside authors (invited
1104:Knowledge:No original research
692:Knowledge:No original research
1:
5110:Biographies of living persons
4538:Responding to threats of harm
4280:Biographies of living persons
3799:Conflicts-of-interest section
3638:Scholarly definition document
3608:Scholarly definition document
3132:Don't "teach the controversy"
2458:biographies of living persons
2240:Biographies of living persons
2144:Proposed since December 2023.
1711:might have a reputation for "
1579:Biased or opinionated sources
1523:Vendor and e-commerce sources
675:biographies of living persons
248:Don't disrupt to make a point
39:Knowledge:Independent sources
5469:Knowledge content guidelines
4605:Criteria for speedy deletion
4474:Paid-contribution disclosure
4127:, Patrick Rael, 2004. (Also
4113:, Patrick Rael, 2004. (Also
4107:How to Read a Primary Source
3303:blog comments as peer review
3248:Reliable sources/Noticeboard
2857:reliable sources noticeboard
2837:Knowledge:Deprecated sources
2666:Knowledge is not a newspaper
1954:newspaper and magazine blogs
984:with new secondary sources.
982:must be periodically updated
428:Categories, lists, templates
5343:References and page numbers
5277:Introduction to referencing
4029:Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
3929:Moran, Lyle (30 May 2023).
3511:10.1126/science.342.6154.60
3299:Journal of Frontier Science
2727:
2577:
2504:
1482:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1209:
1167:, textbooks, and scholarly
1101:
914:
899:
651:
644:reliable, published sources
269:Other behavioral guidelines
5500:
5474:Knowledge reliable sources
5292:Referencing dos and don'ts
4041:10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.002
3183:Reliable sources checklist
3097:
3036:
2840:
2834:
2816:
2775:
2657:
2651:
2633:
2552:
2517:
2485:
2467:
2436:
2398:
2380:
2294:
2269:
2262:, not just article space.
2243:
2110:
2092:
2085:is not a reliable source.
1911:
1870:
1845:
1740:
1722:
1673:
1662:
1621:
1582:
1526:
1435:
1393:Knowledge is not the place
1322:United Press International
1284:
1219:
1077:
1050:
1032:
998:
969:Sometimes sources are too
928:
867:
832:
821:
801:Cambridge University Press
758:
715:
709:
111:
105:this guideline's talk page
64:
57:
50:
43:
36:
29:
5448:Parenthetical referencing
5272:Citations quick reference
5239:Punctuation and footnotes
4998:
4734:
4210:
3033:Locating reliable sources
1759:and should be treated as
906:Knowledge:Inline citation
274:WMF friendly space policy
69:on reliable sources, see
5196:Citation Style Vancouver
3178:Reliable source examples
2847:Knowledge:Spam blacklist
1378:Human interest reporting
1196:be treated similarly to
1098:Prefer secondary sources
410:Other editing guidelines
373:Other content guidelines
242:Don't bite the newcomers
166:This page in a nutshell:
5479:Knowledge verifiability
5093:Policies and guidelines
4981:Licensing and copyright
4201:policies and guidelines
3862:Public Health Nutrition
3274:WikiProject Reliability
3194:Tertiary-source fallacy
3127:Dictionaries as sources
2945:Policies and guidelines
2766:in pre-clinical testing
2601:, websites, webforums,
1980:hosting services, most
1485:§ Statements of opinion
666:Knowledge:Verifiability
5357:Template documentation
3726:The Charleston Advisor
1906:User-generated content
1883:publish their own book
1270:self-published sources
1198:self-published sources
995:Usage by other sources
755:Definition of a source
740:
687:
32:WP:RS (disambiguation)
5086:Knowledge referencing
4976:Friendly space policy
4766:Broad-concept article
4275:What Knowledge is not
4270:Neutral point of view
3644:on September 10, 2011
3574:. Salon Media Group.
3355:, and this is policy.
3254:Reliable sources quiz
3076:The Knowledge Library
3021:Reliable sources/Cost
2762:awaiting FDA approval
2652:Further information:
2549:Statements of opinion
2486:Further information:
2338:primary source-inline
1630:neutral point of view
1475:letters to the editor
1372:conflicts of interest
1202:accredited university
1051:Further information:
1029:Some types of sources
973:to use, such as with
737:
710:Further information:
358:Don't copy long texts
5132:Scientific citations
5105:No original research
4543:Talk page guidelines
4503:Conflict of interest
4444:Ownership of content
4289:Copyright violations
4265:No original research
3716:(25 February 2015).
3199:Tiers of reliability
2996:How to mine a source
2967:No original research
2409:information include
1877:Anyone can create a
1753:influencer marketing
1670:Questionable sources
1318:Agence France-Presse
1115:Reliable scholarship
292:Talk page guidelines
227:Conflict of interest
186:Knowledge guidelines
5244:Shortened footnotes
4439:No personal attacks
4361:Don't create hoaxes
3763:on 11 January 2017.
3610:. Princeton. 2011.
3353:exceptional sources
3107:Articles on sources
2972:Non-English sources
2888:Knowledge:Blacklist
2861:conspiracy theories
2853:request for comment
1900:third-party sources
1655:believed that...".
1641:in-text attribution
1370:and disclosures of
824:Knowledge:Published
646:, making sure that
363:Don't create hoaxes
168:Knowledge requires
5259:Help for beginners
5211:Citation templates
5168:Referencing styles
5034:List of guidelines
4855:Template namespace
4533:Courtesy vanishing
4508:Disruptive editing
4454:Dispute resolution
4082:Cancer Research UK
3874:10.1079/PHN2001253
3804:2018-12-30 at the
3693:An example is the
3538:The New York Times
3411:The New York Times
3390:on 5 January 2017.
3379:(1 January 2015).
3309:2019-04-20 at the
2936:unreliable source?
2813:Deprecated sources
2610:
2514:Academic consensus
2423:medical guidelines
2415:systematic reviews
2405:Ideal sources for
2368:refimprove science
2315:
2155:
2068:review aggregators
1966:social media sites
1800:supplement is not
1395:for passing along
1281:News organizations
1185:Predatory journals
1181:Predatory journals
1064:attributed in-text
809:
741:
649:
575:Naming conventions
353:Offensive material
237:Disruptive editing
232:Courtesy vanishing
5484:Knowledge sources
5456:
5455:
5430:Knowledge Library
5249:Nesting footnotes
5158:Combining sources
5052:
5051:
4994:
4993:
4934:
4933:
4897:Project namespace
4867:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4804:Dates and numbers
4771:Understandability
4681:
4680:
4628:
4627:
4620:Revision deletion
4593:Proposed deletion
4558:
4557:
4523:Gaming the system
4498:Assume good faith
4384:
4383:
4084:. 21 October 2014
3774:Fees, F. (2016),
3669:New York Magazine
3449:(7442): 421–422.
3404:(April 7, 2013).
3301:(the latter uses
3293:Examples include
3039:Help:Find sources
2979:Information pages
2855:, usually at the
2758:disease mongering
2592:
2454:parity of sources
2328:original research
2313:
2303:secondary sources
2206:In recent years,
2162:exceptional claim
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2081:In particular, a
1952:blogs (excluding
1879:personal web page
1748:Sponsored content
1719:Sponsored content
1408:circular sourcing
1190:Journal hijacking
1137:or lists such as
878:WP:CONTEXTMATTERS
807:
668:, which requires
647:
640:
639:
445:
444:
405:Understandability
304:
303:
259:Gaming the system
222:Assume good faith
180:
179:
153:
152:
89:content guideline
16:(Redirected from
5491:
5415:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5393:
5387:
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5376:
5371:
5365:
5313:Cite link labels
5297:Citing Knowledge
5226:Inline citations
5216:Reflist template
5191:Citation Style 2
5186:Citation Style 1
5115:Reliable sources
5079:
5072:
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5056:
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5019:List of policies
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4971:List of policies
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4872:Project content
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4640:
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4580:
4579:
4578:
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4489:
4488:
4469:Child protection
4464:No legal threats
4434:Ignore all rules
4406:
4405:
4404:
4396:
4392:
4339:Reliable sources
4316:
4315:
4314:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4223:Ignore all rules
4205:
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4186:
4179:
4170:
4137:, xkcd comic by
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4058:
4035:(7): 3049–3062.
4020:
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3993:
3987:
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3896:
3868:(5): 1015–1022.
3859:
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3815:
3809:
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3795:
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3759:. Archived from
3755:Beall, Jeffrey.
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3259:Source criticism
3209:Knowledge clones
2986:Common knowledge
2940:
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2767:
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2480:
2419:medical journals
2393:
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2362:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2310:tertiary sources
2289:
2282:
2208:machine learning
2154:about themselves
2142:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2105:
2061:self referencing
2001:Famous Birthdays
1938:
1936:WP:USERGENERATED
1931:
1924:
1865:
1858:
1735:
1693:
1686:
1616:
1609:
1607:WP:BIASEDSOURCES
1602:
1595:
1546:
1539:
1502:News aggregators
1488:
1455:
1448:
1362:
1351:
1348:§ Medical claims
1339:
1326:Associated Press
1297:
1239:
1232:
1215:
1159:fields, such as
1149:Isolated studies
1135:citation indexes
1110:
1090:
1068:sources disagree
1045:
1018:
1011:
955:
948:
941:
920:
908:
896:directly support
887:
880:
845:
771:
728:
677:, which states:
670:inline citations
656:
632:
625:
618:
606:
495:Deletion process
389:
348:
347:Non-free content
329:Reliable sources
249:
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170:inline citations
162:
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5380:
5374:
5369:
5363:
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5253:
5220:
5172:
5163:Offline sources
5148:Citation needed
5136:
5088:
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5048:
5026:
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5011:
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4990:
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4833:
4787:Manual of Style
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4673:Page protection
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4588:Deletion policy
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4380:
4371:Patent nonsense
4366:Fringe theories
4312:
4310:
4304:
4248:
4246:
4230:
4206:
4197:
4158:Benjamin Wittes
4103:
4098:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4076:
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4071:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3995:
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3990:
3981:
3979:
3966:
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3961:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3917:this discussion
3914:
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3806:Wayback Machine
3793:
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3597:
3581:
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3558:
3548:
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3530:
3529:
3525:
3505:(6154): 60–65.
3493:
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3488:
3478:
3476:
3455:10.1038/495421a
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3016:Offline sources
2981:
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2962:Fringe theories
2947:
2938:
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2925:citation needed
2921:
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2433:Fringe theories
2403:
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2358:primary sources
2354:
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2097:
2091:
2072:Rotten Tomatoes
1962:Internet forums
1942:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1891:Internet forums
1889:, and posts on
1875:
1869:
1868:
1861:
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1850:
1842:
1757:non-independent
1745:
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1697:
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1684:WP:QUESTIONABLE
1682:
1678:
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1661:
1653:Barry Goldwater
1626:
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1169:review articles
1131:Citation counts
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864:Context matters
849:
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732:
731:
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708:
636:
607:
599:
514:Project content
460:Manual of Style
368:Patent nonsense
346:
341:Fringe theories
247:
195:Guidelines list
159:
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5267:Reference-tags
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5178:Citing sources
5174:
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5141:General advice
5138:
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5127:Citing sources
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4850:Categorization
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4838:Classification
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4756:Disambiguation
4753:
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4711:Editing policy
4707:
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4658:Administrators
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4386:
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4381:
4379:
4378:
4376:External links
4373:
4368:
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4358:
4353:
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4347:
4346:
4336:
4334:Citing sources
4331:
4326:
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4306:
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4300:Article titles
4297:
4292:
4282:
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4239:
4232:
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4199:Knowledge key
4198:
4196:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4151:
4141:
4139:Randall Munroe
4132:
4118:
4102:
4101:External links
4099:
4096:
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4069:
4015:
3988:
3959:
3940:
3921:
3908:
3845:
3810:
3766:
3747:
3714:Beall, Jeffrey
3705:
3686:
3655:
3634:"Book reviews"
3625:
3604:"Book reviews"
3595:
3556:
3523:
3495:Bohannon, John
3486:
3429:
3393:
3377:Beall, Jeffrey
3367:
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2952:Citing sources
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2797:
2796:
2793:WP:RSHEADLINES
2789:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2754:press releases
2684:recentism bias
2648:
2647:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2595:self-published
2590:
2574:opinion pieces
2567:
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2377:Medical claims
2375:
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2025:Know Your Meme
1946:user-generated
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1867:
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1614:WP:ACCORDINGTO
1610:
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1596:
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1583:
1580:
1577:
1573:
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1569:
1554:external links
1548:
1547:
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1532:
1527:
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1521:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1463:opinion pieces
1457:
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1453:WP:RSEDITORIAL
1449:
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1436:
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1418:
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1411:
1404:
1385:
1382:Junk food news
1375:
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1279:
1278:
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1241:
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1206:citation index
1178:
1172:
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1128:
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1092:
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1088:WP:SCHOLARSHIP
1083:
1078:
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1043:WP:SOURCETYPES
1038:
1033:
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1016:WP:USEBYOTHERS
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815:Definition of
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5328:Cite messages
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5306:Advanced help
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5100:Verifiability
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4329:Autobiography
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4260:Verifiability
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3827:(2): 108–13.
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3648:September 22,
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3629:
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3618:September 22,
3613:
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3589:Debbie Nathan
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3117:Cherrypicking
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2103:WP:SELFSOURCE
2100:
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2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
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1983:
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1971:
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1959:
1958:content farms
1955:
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1691:WP:QUESTIONED
1688:
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1681:
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1649:Harry Magdoff
1646:
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1337:
1336:§ Scholarship
1331:
1330:
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1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:news agencies
1296:
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1179:
1176:
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1170:
1166:
1165:meta-analyses
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:Dissertations
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994:
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990:
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976:
975:breaking news
972:
967:
965:
954:
953:WP:OLDSOURCES
950:
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523:Project pages
521:
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200:Policies list
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98:
92:
90:
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72:
68:
61:
54:
47:
40:
33:
19:
5153:Find sources
5114:
5041:
5032:
5024:
5017:
5009:
5002:
4966:Terms of Use
4951:
4902:WikiProjects
4882:
4819:Lead section
4739:Article size
4720:
4696:
4643:
4633:Enforcement
4573:
4483:
4459:Sockpuppetry
4449:Edit warring
4399:
4338:
4309:
4245:
4221:
4216:Five pillars
4214:
4161:
4124:
4110:
4086:. Retrieved
4081:
4072:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4006:. Retrieved
4002:WNYC Studios
4001:
3991:
3980:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3953:
3943:
3934:
3924:
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3865:
3861:
3848:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3792:, retrieved
3776:
3769:
3761:the original
3750:
3738:. Retrieved
3724:
3708:
3694:
3689:
3679:November 15,
3677:. Retrieved
3668:
3658:
3646:. Retrieved
3642:the original
3637:
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3607:
3598:
3587:
3580:. Retrieved
3569:
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3536:
3526:
3502:
3498:
3489:
3477:. Retrieved
3446:
3442:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3409:
3402:Kolata, Gina
3396:
3388:the original
3371:
3347:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3267:
3243:News sources
2902:
2880:
2872:undue weight
2865:
2850:
2807:subheadlines
2800:
2786:WP:HEADLINES
2750:On the Media
2749:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2716:recent death
2700:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2672:On the Media
2670:
2663:
2621:
2586:
2570:
2563:WP:RSOPINION
2535:
2502:
2499:
2491:
2453:
2446:
2442:
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