144:
969:
1022:
407:
1003:
984:
523:
847:
38:
466:
to deliver more power. The PRTs recovered about 20% of the exhaust energy (around 450 hp (340 kW)) that would have otherwise been lost, but reduced engine reliability. Mechanics nicknamed them Parts
Recovery Turbines, since the increased exhaust heat meant a return to the engine destroying
394:
to develop a long-range bomber capable of flying from the US to
Germany with 20,000 lb (9,100 kg) of bombs. Although smaller than the Bomber D designs that led to the Douglas XB-19, the new designs required just as much power. When four preliminary designs were presented in mid-1940, three
419:
were introduced to improve cooling, and the aircraft was rushed into service in the
Pacific in 1944. This proved unwise, as the early B-29s taking off at maximum weights, in the high temperature conditions of the B-29s tropical airfields, caused overheating that was not completely solved, and the
358:
with a similar 1,800 in (30 L) displacement that would easily compete with the single-row
Cyclone. In 1935 Wright followed P&W's lead, and developed larger engines based on the Cyclone. The result was two designs, a 14-cylinder short stroke design of nearly 2,600 in (43 L)
1025:
A Wright R-3350 radial engine, showing, R to L, propeller shaft, reduction gearcase, magneto (silver) with wiring, two cylinders (rear with connecting rod), impellor casing (and induction pipe outlets) and injection carburetor (black); separate accessory gearbox at extreme
378:
in 1937, Wright's first R-3350 prototype engines with a 3,350 in (54.9 L) displacement were run in May of the same year. Development was slow, due to the complexity, and the R-2600 receiving development priority. The R-3350 did not fly until 1941, after the
482:, giving 2,880 hp (2,150 kW) with 100/130 octane fuel (or 100LL) instead of the 59.5 inHg (201 kPa) and 3,400 hp (2,500 kW) possible with 115/145, a higher octane fuel, which is no longer available.
414:
By 1943 the new Boeing B-29 Superfortress was flying with R-3350s. The engines remained temperamental, and the rear cylinders tended to overheat, partially due to inadequate clearance between the cylinder baffles and the cowl.
467:
exhaust valves. The fuel burn for the PRT-equipped aircraft was nearly the same as the older Pratt and
Whitney R-2800, while producing more useful power. Effective 15 October 1957 a DA-3/DA-4 engine cost $ 88,200.
968:
507:
injection. Normal rated power of the original stock R-3350 was 2,800 hp (2,100 kW) at 2,600 rpm and 45 inHg (150 kPa) of manifold pressure. With these modifications,
2100:
410:
Wright R-3350 Turbo-Compound radial engine. Two exhaust recovery turbines shown outside impeller casing area (top (silver) and lower (red blading)) that are geared to the crankshaft.
514:
s engine produces 4,000 hp (3,000 kW) at 3,200 rpm and 80 inHg (270 kPa) of manifold pressure, and 4,500 hp (3,400 kW) with nitrous oxide injection.
143:
1660:
1580:
Allied
Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II
2113:
499:, mated to the power section (crankcase, crank, pistons, and cylinders) taken from an R-3350 used on the Douglas DC-7. The supercharger is taken from an R-3350 used on the
2859:
435:, though the poorly designed elbow entrance to the supercharger led to serious problems with fuel/air mixtures. Near the end of WWII, the system was changed to use
1623:
868:
55:
2823:
2093:
276:
displacing nearly 3,350 cubic inches (54.9 L). Power ranged from 2,200 to 3,700 hp (1,640 to 2,760 kW), depending on model. Developed before
1496:
478:
in the order of 0.4 lb/hp/hour (243 g/kWh, giving a 34% fuel efficiency). Engines in use as of the 2020s are limited to 52 inHg (180 kPa)
2578:
1653:
424:
content in the crankcase, engine fires could burn with a core temperature approaching 5,600 °F (3,090 °C) which could burn through the main
475:
2086:
2623:
1392:
Dreizin, Edward L.; Berman, Charles H. & Vicenzi, Edward P. (2000). "Condensed-phase modifications in magnesium particle combustion in air".
2854:
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1611:
375:
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102:
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1361:
1319:
368:
296:
74:
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1002:
779:
292:
2613:
990:
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374:
With Pratt & Whitney starting development of their own 2,800 in (46 L) displacement 18-cylinder, twin-row radial as the
526:
Wright R-3350 Turbo-Compound radial engine fitted at the number four position on the starboard wing of a
Lockheed Super Constellation
1600:
1587:
1573:
894:
121:
81:
280:, the R-3350's design required a long time to mature, and was still experiencing problems with reliability when used to power the
2849:
2593:
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1221:
88:
909:
872:
59:
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1248:
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of them used the R-3350. Suddenly development was a priority, and serious efforts to get it into production began. In 1942
729:
198:
70:
2017:
1673:
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789:
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which improved reliability. After the war the engine was redesigned and became popular for large aircraft, notably the
1685:
819:
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684:
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336:
332:
323:
introduced its "Cyclone" engine, which powered a number of designs in the 1930s. After merging with
Curtiss to become
857:
331:
first ran in 1935, and became one of the most used aircraft engines in the late 1930s and early 1940's, powering the
2638:
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1944:
1912:
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48:
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194:
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1954:
1922:
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659:
364:
252:
367:, was experimented with as a competitor to the 4,360 in (71.4 L) displacement four-row, 28-cylinder
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1934:
1929:
1902:
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1827:
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351:
328:
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airliners into the 1950s. Its main rival was the 4,360 in (71.4 L), 4,300 hp (3,200 kW)
2538:
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440:
363:, and a much larger 18-cylinder design that became the R-3350. A larger twin-row 22-cylinder version, the
210:
95:
287:
After the war, the engine had matured sufficiently to be used in many civilian airliners, notably in its
2726:
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1980:
1939:
1907:
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1270:
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340:
288:
240:
202:
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462:(PRT) were inserted into the exhaust of each group of six cylinders, and geared to the crankshaft by
214:
2711:
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2161:
1733:
1728:
1414:
2716:
2706:
2443:
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2222:
2179:
1975:
1669:
1099:
1009:
947:
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400:
320:
304:
174:
2260:
2207:
2067:
1797:
1782:
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1772:
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1723:
1021:
406:
327:
in 1929, an effort was started design an engine in the 1,000 hp (750 kW) class. The new
2736:
2400:
2350:
1738:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
2553:
2448:
2438:
2007:
2002:
1309:
347:
2498:
2385:
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2325:
2315:
2310:
2295:
1607:
1596:
1583:
1569:
1299:
1212:
824:
479:
273:
2663:
2405:
2189:
2141:
1693:
1543:
1419:
829:
734:
416:
355:
299:, which first ran some seven years after the Duplex-Cyclone. The engine is commonly used on
2681:
2415:
2199:
1676:
1629:
1940s film on
Chrysler production of Wright's Duplex-Cyclone radials for the Superfortress
1324:
1314:
1077:
814:
749:
500:
455:
425:
300:
495:, include a nose case designed for a slow-turning prop, taken from an R-3350 used on the
1405:
354:
nine-cylinder engine into the larger and much more powerful fourteen-cylinder, twin-row
17:
2741:
2731:
2721:
2583:
2568:
2503:
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2212:
2131:
1638:
1304:
943:
809:
689:
522:
486:
463:
384:
324:
308:
1536:
Kaiser, Sascha; Donnerhack, Stefan; Lundbladh, Anders; Seitz, Arne (27–29 July 2015).
1423:
2843:
2488:
2468:
2458:
2425:
1749:
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1276:
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154:
2782:
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2270:
2232:
2062:
2039:
1970:
1792:
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1767:
1757:
1145:
714:
444:
390:
Things changed dramatically in 1940 with the introduction of a new contract by the
277:
265:
206:
1633:
1624:
Wright R-3350-57 Cyclone Fact Sheets from the
National Museum of the USAF website
2252:
2242:
933:
846:
591:
37:
2508:
2478:
2463:
2453:
2044:
2031:
2012:
1628:
1157:
1136:
1120:
994:
535:
432:
1436:
2027:
919:
743:
491:
421:
2792:
2774:
2751:
2673:
2171:
2121:
1994:
1606:
Doyle, David. "B-29 Superfortress Vol. 1" Schiffer Publishing Ltd. 2020
1174:
396:
1566:
World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day
1547:
1294:
975:
955:
459:
62: in this article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2054:
959:
951:
923:
1020:
937:
521:
405:
391:
420:
engines also had a tendency to swallow valves. Because of a high
2082:
1642:
1634:
150 hour test of Wright 3350-19 with Bendix fuel injection 1943
840:
31:
1542:. AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference (51st ed.).
1229:: 0.38 lb/(hp⋅h) (0.17 kg/(hp⋅h); 0.23 kg/kWh)
1539:
A composite cycle engine concept with hecto-pressure ratio
636:
Commercial equivalent to the -30W without water injection
27:
1937 18-cylinder radial piston engine family by Wright
1582:. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995.
2791:
2773:
2750:
2672:
2424:
2251:
2198:
2170:
2120:
2053:
2026:
1993:
1963:
1888:
1813:
1806:
1747:
1683:
1362:"SUMMARY OF WRIGHT ENGINE SHIPMENTS 1920 – 1930"
470:By this point reliability had improved with the
383:had been redesigned to use R-3350s instead of
350:had started a development of their single-row
2094:
1654:
908:Wright R-3350-89 is on public display at the
8:
428:in seconds, causing a catastrophic failure.
1461:"The Wright R-3350 Turbo-Compound Engine".
875:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2101:
2087:
2079:
1810:
1661:
1647:
1639:
942:Wright R-3350 is on public display in the
928:Wright R-3350-35A is on public display at
458:. In these versions, three power-recovery
2860:Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
1568:. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.
1413:
895:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1593:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
359:displacement that would evolve into the
1353:
1195:2,200 hp (1,600 kW) at 2,800
964:
454:system was developed to deliver better
914:Wright R-3350 is on public display at
133:
1320:Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
369:Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
297:Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
7:
1493:Smithsonian Air & Space Magazine
873:adding citations to reliable sources
648:Commercial, similar to the 956C18CA1
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2824:US military gas turbine aeroengines
780:Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
489:use R-3350s. Modifications on one,
293:Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
1499:from the original on 23 April 2022
930:Texas Air Museum - Stinson Chapter
25:
1595:. London. Studio Editions, 1998.
403:, which was ready by early 1944.
1141:Pushrod, two valves per cylinder
1001:
982:
967:
845:
343:dive bomber, among many others.
142:
36:
1249:Pratt & Whitney Wasp series
1104:3,347.9 in (54.862 L)
642:Commercial, similar to the -26W
47:needs additional citations for
1017:Specifications (R-3350-C18-BA)
910:Aerospace Museum of California
630:3,500 shp (2,610 kW)
624:3,500 shp (2,610 kW)
618:2,500 shp (1,860 kW)
612:2,200 shp (1,640 kW)
606:2,700 shp (2,010 kW)
600:3,800 shp (2,830 kW)
584:2,200 shp (1,640 kW)
578:3,400 shp (2,540 kW)
572:3,700 shp (2,760 kW)
556:2,800 shp (2,090 kW)
550:2,500 shp (1,860 kW)
544:2,200 shp (1,640 kW)
503:and the engine is fitted with
307:Unlimited Class Racers at the
71:"Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone"
1:
2855:1930s aircraft piston engines
1442:Retrieved: 15 September 2011.
1424:10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00101-2
1125:2,670 lb (1,210 kg)
1116:55.78 in (1,417 mm)
1110:76.26 in (1,937 mm)
730:Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar
199:Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar
2829:Piston engine configurations
795:Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star
790:Lockheed R7V-1 Constellation
785:Lockheed C-121 Constellation
775:Lockheed L-749 Constellation
770:Lockheed L-649 Constellation
760:Lockheed L-049 Constellation
670:Boeing XC-97 Stratofreighter
262:Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
820:Martin XB-33 Super Marauder
765:Lockheed C-69 Constellation
685:Consolidated B-32 Dominator
472:mean time between overhauls
337:General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
333:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
291:forms, and was used in the
2881:
800:Lockheed L-1649A Starliner
361:Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone
2811:
1222:Specific fuel consumption
1156:Chandler-Evans downdraft
974:R-3350 on display at the
916:Flyhistorisk Museum, Sola
665:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
497:Lockheed L-1649 Starliner
476:specific fuel consumption
437:gasoline direct injection
282:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
264:is an American twin-row,
195:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
141:
136:
1337:List of aircraft engines
1283:Wright R-4090 Cyclone 22
1095: in (160.3 mm)
1073: in (155.6 mm)
946:Engineering Building at
660:Beechcraft XA-38 Grizzly
371:, but was not produced.
365:Wright R-4090 Cyclone 22
272:aircraft engine with 18
253:Wright R-4090 Cyclone 22
18:Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18
2850:Wright aircraft engines
2795:W-configuration inline)
2124:H-configuration inline)
2112:piston aircraft engine
1266:Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7
1040:General characteristics
450:Following the war, the
329:Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9
2865:Turbo-compound engines
2775:VG (inverted-V inline)
2200:L (single-bank inline)
2172:IV (inverted-V inline)
2110:United States military
1150:Two-speed single-stage
1027:
755:Lockheed Constellation
675:Boeing XPBB Sea Ranger
527:
485:Several racers at the
441:Lockheed Constellation
411:
315:Design and development
211:Lockheed Constellation
137:R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
2752:V (inverted-V inline)
1451:Gunston 2006, p. 247.
1271:Wright R-1820 Cyclone
1261:Wright Cyclone series
1234:Power-to-weight ratio
1048:Twin-row 18-cylinder
1024:
1008:R-3350 on display at
989:R-3350 on display at
710:Douglas BTD Destroyer
705:Douglas A-1 Skyraider
680:Canadair CP-107 Argus
525:
409:
399:started building the
341:Douglas SBD Dauntless
241:Wright R-1820 Cyclone
203:Douglas A-1 Skyraider
2674:V (upright-V inline)
869:improve this section
805:Lockheed P-2 Neptune
215:Lockheed P-2 Neptune
56:improve this article
1548:10.2514/6.2015-4028
1526:Jane's 1998, p. 318
1440:fighter-planes.com.
1406:2000CoFl..122...30D
1255:Related development
1010:Carleton University
948:Carleton University
740:Grumman F8F Bearcat
474:at 3,500 hours and
431:Early R-3350s used
417:A number of changes
401:Dodge Chicago Plant
348:Pratt & Whitney
321:Wright Aeronautical
305:Grumman F8F Bearcat
175:Wright Aeronautical
2114:designation system
1489:"The Bear is Back"
1394:Scripta Materialia
1289:Comparable engines
1028:
991:Museum of Aviation
837:Engines on display
528:
412:
376:R-2800 Double Wasp
190:Major applications
2837:
2836:
2076:
2075:
1989:
1988:
1612:978-0-7643-5937-8
1476:American Aviation
1465:: 20. April 2012.
1300:Bristol Centaurus
1213:Compression ratio
905:
904:
897:
825:Martin P5M Marlin
480:manifold pressure
258:
257:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2872:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2080:
1815:Whirlwind family
1811:
1677:aircraft engines
1663:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1552:
1551:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1367:. Archived from
1366:
1358:
1208:0.66 hp/in³
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1005:
986:
971:
900:
893:
889:
886:
880:
849:
841:
830:Stroukoff YC-134
735:Fairchild AC-119
513:
356:R-1830 Twin Wasp
249:
237:
227:
191:
163:
146:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2807:
2794:
2787:
2769:
2746:
2668:
2420:
2247:
2194:
2166:
2123:
2116:
2107:
2077:
2072:
2049:
2022:
1985:
1959:
1884:
1802:
1743:
1679:
1667:
1620:
1578:White, Graham.
1564:Gunston, Bill.
1561:
1556:
1555:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1435:
1431:
1415:10.1.1.488.2456
1391:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1325:Shvetsov ASh-73
1315:Nakajima Homare
1310:Gnome-Rhône 18L
1245:
1238:0.82 hp/lb
1189:
1180:Cooling system:
1132:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1042:
1019:
1012:
1006:
997:
987:
978:
972:
901:
890:
884:
881:
866:
850:
839:
834:
815:Martin JRM Mars
750:Hawker Sea Fury
655:
538:(1,640 kW)
520:
511:
501:Lockheed EC-121
464:fluid couplings
456:fuel efficiency
317:
301:Hawker Sea Fury
247:
235:
225:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
189:
162:National origin
161:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2878:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2793:W (three-bank
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
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335:heavy bomber,
325:Curtiss-Wright
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289:turbo-compound
268:, air-cooled,
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1374:on 2021-10-10
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1331:Related lists
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854:This section
852:
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725:Douglas XB-31
723:
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720:Douglas XB-19
718:
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713:
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700:Curtiss XP-62
698:
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695:Curtiss XF14C
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505:nitrous oxide
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381:Douglas XB-19
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219:Douglas XB-19
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171:Manufacturer
170:
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155:Radial engine
153:
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126:
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2815:
2648:
1949:
1917:
1913:Twin Cyclone
1592:
1579:
1565:
1559:Bibliography
1538:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1492:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1439:
1432:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1369:the original
1356:
1330:
1329:
1288:
1287:
1254:
1253:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1192:
1179:
1171:
1162:
1154:Fuel system:
1153:
1146:Supercharger
1144:
1135:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1100:Displacement
1098:
1076:
1054:
1045:
1033:
1030:
1029:
891:
882:
867:Please help
855:
715:Douglas DC-7
653:Applications
508:
490:
484:
469:
449:
445:Douglas DC-7
430:
413:
389:
373:
345:
339:fighter and
318:
286:
278:World War II
266:supercharged
261:
259:
226:Number built
207:Douglas DC-7
118:
112:January 2009
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2253:O (opposed)
2032:turboshafts
1719:T-4 Tornado
1714:T-3 Tornado
1709:T-2 Tornado
1704:T-1 Tornado
1699:Gipsy L-320
1187:Performance
1172:Oil system:
934:San Antonio
597:R-3350-42WA
592:Silverplate
564:R-3350-30WA
534:2,200
433:carburetors
2844:Categories
2765:V-1650 (L)
2727:V-1650 (P)
2449:R-370 (LB)
2426:R (radial)
2028:Turboprops
1923:Cyclone 22
1517:Doyle p 71
1378:2023-09-18
1343:References
1279:Cyclone 14
1182:Air-cooled
1163:Fuel type:
1158:carburetor
1137:Valvetrain
1130:Components
1121:Dry weight
995:Robins AFB
633:972TC18DA1
627:R-3350-93W
621:R-3350-89A
581:R-3350-35A
569:R-3350-32W
559:R-3350-30W
553:R-3350-26W
547:R-3350-24W
181:First run
82:newspapers
2816:See also:
2479:R-540 (K)
2474:R-540 (W)
2454:R-370 (K)
2396:O-540 (L)
2391:O-540 (F)
2356:O-360 (L)
2351:O-360 (C)
2321:O-200 (F)
2316:O-200 (C)
1995:Turbojets
1903:Cyclone 9
1898:Cyclone 7
1748:Lawrance
1503:29 August
1410:CiteSeerX
1199:(takeoff)
1114:Diameter:
1031:Data from
944:Mackenzie
920:Stavanger
885:June 2022
856:does not
744:Rare Bear
742:(See the
645:975C18CB1
639:956C18CA1
615:R-3350-85
609:R-3350-57
603:R-3350-53
587:R-3350-41
575:R-3350-34
541:R-3350-23
531:R-3350-13
509:Rare Bear
492:Rare Bear
422:magnesium
387:inlines.
319:In 1927,
274:cylinders
184:May 1937
1971:L-3 Gale
1674:Lawrance
1497:Archived
1243:See also
1175:Dry sump
1165:100/130
518:Variants
460:turbines
397:Chrysler
346:By 1931
2783:VG-1410
2664:XR-7755
2190:IV-2220
2185:IV-2040
2180:IV-1430
2157:XH-3730
2152:XH-3130
2147:XH-2600
2142:XH-2470
2137:XH-2240
2055:Ramjets
1908:Cyclone
1750:radials
1734:IV-1560
1729:IV-1460
1684:Wright
1437:"B-29."
1402:Bibcode
1295:BMW 802
1227:Takeoff
1108:Length:
1090:⁄
1068:⁄
976:Air Zoo
956:Ontario
918:, near
877:removed
862:sources
594:variant
230:29,181
96:scholar
2819:X-1800
2803:W-2779
2742:V-3420
2737:V-1950
2732:V-1710
2722:V-1570
2717:V-1560
2712:V-1510
2707:V-1460
2702:V-1440
2697:V-1400
2692:V-1237
2687:V-1150
2659:R-4360
2654:R-4090
2649:R-3350
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