311:
327:), and Empress Xu died shortly after she gave birth. Her doctors were initially arrested to investigate whether they cared for the empress properly. Lady Xian, alarmed, informed Huo Guang what had actually happened, and Huo, not having the heart to turn in his wife, instead signed Chunyu's release. (It is not known what happened to Empress Xu's newborn child, but since Chinese historical sources at that time did not pay much attention to children who die young, presumably the child died early.)
259:(張安世), then an important official, opposed this, fearing that it would bring trouble. Zhang, instead, invited Xu Guanghan, a subordinate to him, to dinner and persuaded him to marry his daughter, Pingjun. When Xu's wife heard this, she became extremely angry and refused, but because Zhang was Xu's superior, Xu did not dare to renege on the promise, and Bingyi and Pingjun were married, in a ceremony entirely paid by Zhang (because Bingyi could not afford to). Zhang also paid the
46:
236:. It is not known exactly when she was born, but probably circa 89 BC. Her father Xu Guanghan (許廣漢) was an assistant to the Prince of Changyi when young, and later became an imperial attendant. Later, while accompanying Emperor Wu on a trip, he accidentally took the saddle of another attendant and was charged with theft; his sentence was castration. After castration, he became a eunuch at court, and served as a minor official.
252:, Emperor Wu's crown prince who was forced into a failed rebellion in 91 BC when he was still an infant. He was spared, but was made a commoner and, as an orphan, he had to survive on the largess of others, including his grandfather's old subordinate Zhang He (張賀), who was also castrated by Emperor Wu as punishment for having been Crown Prince Ju's subordinate, and who became a chief eunuch.
322:
Huo Guang's wife, Lady Xian, would not be denied her wish of making her daughter an empress. In 71 BC, Empress Xu was pregnant when Lady Xian came up with a plot. She bribed
Empress Xu's female physician Chunyu Yan (淳于衍), under guise of giving Empress Xu medicine after she gave birth, to poison her.
294:
and create her empress. Emperor Xuan did not explicitly reject this proposal, but issued an order to seek out the sword that he owned as a commoner. Getting the hint, the officials recommended
Consort Xu as empress, and she was created as such on 31 December 74 BC. He initially wanted to create his
295:
father-in-law Xu
Guanghan a marquess, but Huo opposed this, reasoning a eunuch who had suffered castration as a punishment should not be made a marquess. Instead, Xu was given the title of Lord of Changcheng (昌成君).
290:
After her husband became emperor, Pingjun was initially created an imperial consort. When it came time to create an empress, the officials largely wanted
Emperor Xuan to marry Huo Guang's daughter
1195:
1175:
287:
as the new
Emperor, deposed Prince He and offered the throne to the commoner Bingyi instead. Bingyi accepted and took the throne as Emperor Xuan.
670:
1211:
1257:
1252:
1183:
1179:
516:
437:
1171:
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679:
629:
53:
566:
482:
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385:
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953:
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299:
74:
375:
1247:
1207:
1159:
427:
171:
1267:
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603:
338:
after surviving attempts on his life by
Empress Xu's successor, Empress Huo. The Huo clan would be destroyed in 66 BC.
663:
310:
893:
812:
908:
1151:
1031:
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898:
848:
613:
263:. After their marriage, Bingyi depended on his wife's family for support. In 75 BC, Pingjun bore him a son,
591:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1155:
721:
1187:
1163:
656:
232:
Xu
Pingjun was born into a family that had some minor privileges but had also suffered under the reign of
504:
1242:
298:
As empress, Empress Xu was known for her humility and thriftiness. She was also known for devotion to
284:
1076:
978:
958:
791:
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716:
335:
331:
330:
Empress Xu was buried with full imperial honours near, but not with, her husband, whose third wife
276:
264:
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126:
114:
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938:
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558:
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512:
474:
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433:
381:
233:
121:
45:
858:
550:
466:
1139:
1006:
853:
786:
137:
21:
878:
334:
was later buried with him. Her son Prince Shi would later become crown prince and later
188:; literally, the Respectful and Lamentable Empress) and sometimes (but not at all times)
26:
883:
598:
275:
In 75 BC, an unexpected development occurred. After the death of Bingyi's granduncle,
1236:
1134:
1081:
1056:
963:
933:
838:
771:
711:
511:, History of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Academic Press, pp. 431–439,
761:
640:
291:
84:
17:
255:
Around 76 BC, Zhang wanted to marry his granddaughter to Bingyi, but his brother
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996:
843:
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280:
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1011:
888:
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863:
746:
324:
315:
1111:
903:
199:
1016:
868:
249:
309:
539:"Supplementing History: Xiyou bu as a 17th-Century Meta-Xiaoshuo"
455:"Supplementing History: Xiyou bu as a 17th-Century Meta-Xiaoshuo"
652:
283:, having been dissatisfied with his initial selection of
429:
Healing with
Poisons: Potent Medicines in Medieval China
377:
Representations of childhood and youth in early China
1125:
1102:
1047:
987:
924:
829:
800:
702:
157:
136:
120:
110:
102:
94:
90:
80:
70:
62:
52:
38:
505:"Chapter 30 - Poisonous Medicine in Ancient China"
664:
503:Liu, Yan (2019-01-01), Wexler, Philip (ed.),
409:day of the 11th month of the 1st year of the
215:
193:
183:
145:
8:
357:day of the 1st month of the 3rd year of the
671:
657:
649:
609:
380:. Stanford University Press. p. 123.
44:
35:
509:Toxicology in Antiquity (Second Edition)
347:
133:
248:was the only surviving descendant of
178:) (89? BC – 1 March 71 BC), formally
7:
314:Tomb of Empress Xu Pingjun south of
240:Marriage to then-commoner Liu Bingyi
210:. She was murdered by poisoning by
161:Xu Guanghan, Marquess Dai of Pingen
432:. University of Washington Press.
14:
66:10 September 74 BC- 1 March 71 BC
1077:Grand Empress Dowager Qiongcheng
1072:Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan
569:from the original on 2022-07-09
485:from the original on 2022-07-09
302:, often meeting her for meals.
300:Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan
630:Empress of Western Han Dynasty
220:). She was also the mother of
175:
1:
1258:1st-century BC Chinese people
1196:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1253:1st-century BC Chinese women
680:Empresses of the Han dynasty
537:Huang, Kangni (2022-06-21).
453:Huang, Kangni (2022-06-21).
244:Xu Pingjun's future husband
206:. She was the first wife of
1273:Mothers of Chinese emperors
374:Anne Behnke Kinney (2004).
1289:
959:Empress Dowager Qiongcheng
33:Empress of the Han dynasty
15:
1148:
1095:
1067:Grand Empress Dowager Dou
1040:
954:Empress Dowager Shangguan
917:
695:
686:
636:
627:
619:
612:
555:10.1163/24684791-12340063
471:10.1163/24684791-12340063
216:
194:
184:
146:
143:
132:
43:
1087:Grand Empress Dowager Fu
1062:Grand Empress Dowager Bo
1057:Grand Empress Dowager Lü
634:31 Dec 74 – 1 Mar 71 BC
1042:Grand empresses dowager
426:Liu, Yan (2021-06-22).
106:1 March 71 BC (aged 18)
319:
1248:Han dynasty empresses
313:
1268:Deaths in childbirth
1097:Posthumous empresses
979:Empress Dowager Wang
323:Chunyu did so (with
285:Prince He of Changyi
1263:Deaths by poisoning
1007:Empress Dowager Dou
944:Empress Dowager Dou
413:era, per vol.24 of
361:era, per vol.24 of
204:Western Han dynasty
127:Emperor Yuan of Han
115:Emperor Xuan of Han
1032:Empress Dowager He
1002:Empress Dowager Ma
969:Empress Dowager Fu
939:Empress Dowager Bo
934:Empress Dowager Lü
320:
1230:
1229:
919:Empresses dowager
752:Empress Shangguan
697:Empresses consort
647:
646:
637:Succeeded by
623:Empress Shangguan
518:978-0-12-815339-0
439:978-0-295-74901-3
228:Family background
165:
164:
153:
152:
1280:
673:
666:
659:
650:
620:Preceded by
610:
578:
577:
575:
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543:Ming Qing Yanjiu
534:
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494:
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459:Ming Qing Yanjiu
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398:
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371:
365:
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219:
218:
197:
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190:Empress Xiaoxuan
187:
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149:
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134:
75:Empress Xiaozhao
48:
36:
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1036:
983:
920:
913:
854:Empress Zhangde
825:
796:
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682:
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614:Chinese royalty
592:vol. 97, part 1
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372:
368:
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308:
273:
242:
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202:of the Chinese
180:Empress Gong'ai
144:Empress Gongai
138:Posthumous name
57:the Han dynasty
34:
31:
12:
11:
5:
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930:
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739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
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708:
706:
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687:
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676:
675:
668:
661:
653:
645:
644:
638:
635:
626:
621:
617:
616:
608:
607:
599:Zizhi Tongjian
595:
580:
579:
529:
517:
495:
445:
438:
418:
415:Zizhi Tongjian
399:
386:
366:
363:Zizhi Tongjian
346:
345:
343:
340:
307:
304:
272:
269:
241:
238:
229:
226:
214:'s wife Xian (
163:
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117:
112:
108:
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78:
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72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
50:
49:
41:
40:
32:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1285:
1274:
1271:
1269:
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1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:Consort Liang
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:Wang Zhengjun
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:
986:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:Wang Zhengjun
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
923:
916:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Guo Shengtong
837:
836:
834:
832:
828:
821:
817:
814:
810:
809:
807:
804:
799:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:Wang Zhengjun
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
705:
701:
694:
690:
685:
681:
674:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
654:
651:
642:
632:
631:
624:
618:
615:
611:
605:
601:
600:
596:
593:
589:
588:
584:
583:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:(1): 92–112.
548:
544:
540:
533:
530:
520:
514:
510:
506:
499:
496:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:(1): 92–112.
464:
460:
456:
449:
446:
441:
435:
431:
430:
422:
419:
416:
412:
408:
403:
400:
389:
387:0-8047-4731-8
383:
379:
378:
370:
367:
364:
360:
356:
351:
348:
341:
339:
337:
333:
328:
326:
317:
312:
305:
303:
301:
296:
293:
288:
286:
282:
279:, the regent
278:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
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239:
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235:
227:
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223:
213:
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79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
23:
19:
1243:71 BC deaths
1184:N. Dynasties
1180:S. Dynasties
1140:Consort Song
894:Empress Song
879:Liang Nüying
813:Empress Wang
792:Empress Wang
767:Empress Wang
762:Huo Chengjun
756:
641:Huo Chengjun
628:
597:
585:
571:. Retrieved
546:
542:
532:
522:, retrieved
508:
498:
487:. Retrieved
462:
458:
448:
428:
421:
414:
410:
406:
402:
391:. Retrieved
376:
369:
362:
358:
354:
350:
336:Emperor Yuan
332:Empress Wang
329:
321:
297:
292:Huo Chengjun
289:
277:Emperor Zhao
274:
254:
243:
231:
222:Emperor Yuan
208:Emperor Xuan
189:
179:
167:
166:
25:
18:Chinese name
1176:16 Kingdoms
1127:Eastern Han
1104:Western Han
1049:Western Han
989:Eastern Han
974:Zhao Feiyan
926:Western Han
909:Empress Cao
884:Deng Mengnü
859:Empress Yin
831:Eastern Han
820:Empress Shi
803:Xin dynasty
782:Zhao Feiyan
727:Empress Dou
704:Western Han
689:Han dynasty
587:Book of Han
261:bride price
257:Zhang Anshi
85:Empress Huo
71:Predecessor
22:family name
1237:Categories
1168:3 Kingdoms
1117:Lady Gouyi
899:Empress He
849:Empress Ma
787:Empress Fu
777:Empress Xu
757:Xu Pingjun
732:Empress Bo
722:Empress Lü
712:Empress Lü
573:2024-04-28
524:2024-01-25
489:2024-04-28
393:2011-01-09
342:References
271:As empress
246:Liu Bingyi
234:Emperor Wu
198:), was an
168:Xu Pingjun
54:Empress of
39:Xu Pingjun
997:Yin Lihua
844:Yin Lihua
742:Chen Jiao
717:Zhang Yan
563:2468-4791
479:2468-4791
411:Yuan'ping
318:, Shaanxi
281:Huo Guang
212:Huo Guang
81:Successor
1027:Dou Miao
1022:Liang Na
1012:Deng Sui
949:Wang Zhi
889:Dou Miao
874:Liang Na
864:Deng Sui
747:Wei Zifu
737:Wang Zhi
639:Empress
567:Archived
483:Archived
325:aconitum
16:In this
1112:Lady Li
904:Fu Shou
604:vol. 24
359:Ben'shi
265:Liu Shi
200:empress
172:Chinese
1208:W. Xia
1150:Xia →
1017:Yan Ji
869:Yan Ji
561:
515:
477:
436:
384:
355:guihai
250:Liu Ju
174::
158:Father
111:Spouse
63:Tenure
27:Xu (許)
20:, the
1152:Shang
407:renzi
316:Xi'an
306:Death
122:Issue
98:89 BC
1224:Qing
1220:Ming
1216:Yuan
1204:Song
1200:Liao
1192:Tang
1156:Zhou
559:ISSN
513:ISBN
475:ISSN
434:ISBN
382:ISBN
195:孝宣皇后
185:恭哀皇后
147:恭哀皇后
103:Died
95:Born
1212:Jīn
1188:Sui
1172:Jìn
1164:Han
1160:Qin
551:doi
467:doi
176:許平君
24:is
1239::
1222:→
1218:→
1214:→
1210:/
1206:/
1202:/
1198:→
1194:→
1190:→
1186:→
1182:/
1178:→
1174:/
1170:→
1166:→
1162:→
1158:→
1154:→
602:,
590:,
565:.
557:.
547:26
545:.
541:.
507:,
481:.
473:.
463:26
461:.
457:.
267:.
224:.
822:)
818:(
815:)
811:(
805:)
801:(
672:e
665:t
658:v
606:.
594:.
576:.
553::
492:.
469::
442:.
396:.
217:顯
192:(
182:(
170:(
30:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
