448:), and he did not take Xiao Yu seriously, making Xiao Yu felt disrespected. Xiao Yu therefore detained Zhang and did not permit him to leave. Further, when Xiao Yi called for the provincial governors in his command region (which, inter alia, included both Xiang and Yong Provinces) to send troops to help lift the siege on Jiankang, Xiao Yu refused, and while Xiao Cha sent a detachment, he refused to command the detachment personally. When Zhang fled from Xiao Yu's custody late in 548, then, he went to Xiao Yi, and, bearing grudges against Xiao Yu, falsely accused Xiao Yu, Xiao Cha, and their cousin Xiao Cao (
610:) suggested that he make a surprise attack on Yu and slaughter the Western Wei troops, then reassert Liang's independence. Emperor Xuan declined, reasoning that Western Wei had protected him greatly and that to turn against Western Wei would be unjust. He later regretted the decision, but the decision was probably a correct one as the other Liang generals showed no inclination of recognizing him as emperor. (As whether Emperor Xuan was a "legitimate" emperor of Liang was thereafter historically debated, his state is usually referred to by historians as either Western Liang or Later Liang.)
404:), was the richest commandery of the entire empire, he rotated them as the governor of Eastern Yang Province, and Xiao Cha was thus rotated there on 12 August 538. However, despite these special treatments, Xiao Cha was still angry that he and his brothers were passed over by Emperor Wu. He saw that Emperor Wu, late in his long reign (since 502), was ruling over an imperial regime that was becoming inefficient and beset by factionalism between Emperor Wu's sons. Therefore, when he was made the governor of Yong Province (雍州, modern northwestern
729:
preoccupy himself with feasting. He particularly disliked women, and even when they were several steps away from him, he would state that he could smell them. Any clothes he wore while having sexual contact with women would be discarded thereafter. After having sexual intercourse with a consort, he would have to take a day to recuperate. He also disliked seeing human hair, and his servants had to either wear turbans or hats so that their hairs would not be exposed.
22:
694:) led their troops against Hou, and Chen and Northern Zhou troops soon stalemated, and while initially, Hou was unable to make much progress against Heruo and Dugu, soon, problems with food supplies and illnesses caused Northern Zhou troops to be worn down. Around the new year 561, Dugu was forced to withdraw, putting Heruo under even greater pressure. By spring 561, Yin Liang (
604:
military garrison at
Jiangling, both to protect Emperor Xuan and to make sure that he would not rebel. Further, Western Wei troops pillaged Jiangling and took most of the inhabitants and the Liang imperial treasures back to Chang'an. While Western Wei troops under Yu were still at Jiangling, Emperor Xuan's subordinate Yin Deyi (
594:
to come to his aid, Emperor Yuan surrendered before they could arrive. Xiao Cha took the custody of
Emperor Yuan, interrogating and insulting him heavily. Around the new year 555, with approval from Western Wei authorities, Xiao Cha put Emperor Yuan to death by suffocating him with a large bag full
573:
In 552, after defeating Hou, Xiao Yi declared himself emperor (as
Emperor Yuan) and set his capital at Jiangling. Believing himself to be strong, he was arrogant in his dealings with Western Wei, drawing attention from Yuwen, who began to consider invading Liang. When Xiao Cha became aware of this,
603:
Western Wei created Xiao Cha
Emperor of (Western) Liang, and he declared himself as such in spring 555 (as Emperor Xuan). Western Wei forces transferred Jiangling and the surrounding area to Emperor Xuan, but required him to transfer control of the Xiangyang region in exchange, and further left a
728:
Xiao Cha had great ambitions from his youth, and he was not bogged down with details. Although he often suspected others, he was gracious to his soldiers and received their loyalty. He did not drink and was content with frugal living. He served his mother with great filial piety, and did not
700:), who was defending Changsha, surrendered to Chen. Hou Tian then proposed to Heruo to let him withdraw peacefully. Heruo agreed and withdrew, and all of the territory previously taken from Xiao Zhuang were now in Chen hands, limiting Emperor Xuan's domain to the Jiangling region again.
627:), both of whom served him faithfully. He appeared to have full expectation that he would be able to put additional Liang provinces under his control, but immediately, the Liang generals, including Wang Sengbian and Wang Lin, refused to recognize him. Wang Lin, who controlled modern
564:) the Prince of Shaoling was captured and killed by Western Wei troops commanded by Yang, Xiao Cha, who respected Xiao Guan, took his body and buried it with honors. In summer 551, when he heard that Hou was launching an attack on Xiao Yi's domain, he sent his general Cai Dabao (
424:, capturing it in 549 and taking Emperor Wu and Crown Prince Gang hostage. (Emperor Wu died later that year and was succeeded by Crown Prince Gang (as Emperor Jianwen), albeit under Hou's control.) Meanwhile, also in 548, Emperor Wu had made Xiao Cha's older brother Xiao Yu (
667:
In late 558, with Wang Lin having advanced east to try to attack Chen, Emperor Xuan sent Wang Cao to try to seize the commanderies forming modern Hunan from Xiao Zhuang's domain, although the scope of success for this action was unclear. In any case, however, when Hou Tian
387:
crown prince instead. However, he felt that he did not treat Xiao Tong's sons fairly, and therefore he created them princes—in Xiao Cha's case, the Prince of
Yueyang—and gave them honors only slightly subordinate to their uncles. Because the capital commandery of
678:
defeated Wang Lin in spring 560, a combination of
Emperor Xuan's and Northern Zhou troops were able to take the western half of Xiao Zhuang's territory, and Emperor Xuan assumed control over that territory, albeit requiring Northern Zhou military support.
370:, and as Emperor Wu was a devout Buddhist, he was happy that his grandson studied sutras in this manner. When Emperor Wu created Xiao Tong's sons dukes sometime between 520 and 527, Xiao Cha was created the Duke of Qujiang (曲江县公) in 525.
543:) to aid Xiao Cha, and Yang defeated and captured Liu in spring 550. Yang subsequently entered into a treaty with Xiao Yi, putting Xiao Cha under Western Wei's protection. Xiao Yi sacked Changsha and executed Xiao Yu in 550.
703:
Emperor Xuan, depressed that his territory was small and heavily damaged by warfare, soon began to suffer from a serious skin lesion on his back. He died in spring 562. Xiao Kui succeeded him (as
Emperor Ming).
1420:
590:), arrived at Xiangyang, and Xiao Cha's forces joined them and continued to advance south toward Jiangling. Emperor Yuan was caught unprepared, and while he summoned his generals Wang Sengbian and
408:) on 14 November 546, he thought that this would be a good chance for him to establish a power base of his own, and therefore he cultivated the loyalty of the people to him by governing carefully.
584:, but further made demands to Yuwen Tai to return former Liang territory taken by Western Wei, Yuwen Tai decided to invade the Liang. In winter 553, Northern Zhou troops, commanded by Yu Jin (
513:), Xiao Cha was forced to withdraw back to Xiangyang. Unable to help his brother and fearing that he would become Xiao Yi's next target—indeed, Xiao Yi then sent the general Liu Zhongli (
1091:
1100:
546:
In the summer of 550, Western Wei offered to declare Xiao Cha the
Emperor of Liang to inherit Emperor Wu's throne. Xiao Cha declined, but accepted the lesser title of
574:
he paid additional tribute to
Western Wei to try to fan the flame. Subsequently, in spring 553, when Emperor Yuan not only made the Western Wei envoy Yuwen Renshu (
1384:
332:
in
January 555. However, scholars consider his regime, known as the Western Liang or Later Liang in historiography, to be separate from the Liang dynasty proper.
613:
Emperor Xuan posthumously honored his father Xiao Tong and Xiao Tong's wife Crown Princess Cai as emperor and empress, and honored his mother Consort Gong as
1416:
570:) with an army heading toward Jiangling, claiming to be ready to render assistance, but after Xiao Yi sent a rebuking letter, he ordered Cai to withdraw.
1084:
617:. He created his wife Princess Wang empress, and as his heir apparent Xiao Liao had died by this point, he created Xiao Liao's younger brother
902:(presumably because of his status as a vassal of Northern Zhou), while his son Xiao Kui and grandson Xiao Cong had biographies in volume 79 of
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In fall 560, Hou Tian continued his advance, intending to take Xiang Province from Emperor Xuan. Northern Zhou generals Heruo Dun (
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era of Yuwen Yong's reign. The month corresponds to 21 Mar to 18 Apr 562 in the Julian calendar. (察在位八载，年四十四，保定二年二月，薨。)
485:) under siege. Xiao Yu requested aid from Xiao Cha, and Xiao Cha commanded an army to attack Xiao Yi's headquarters at
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458:) of conspiring against Xiao Yi. Xiao Yi therefore killed Xiao Cao and prepared an army to attack Xiao Yu.
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the Prince of Xiangdong, who was then the governor of the key Jing Province (荊州, modern western and central
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Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four
471:) to die in battle in summer 549, but by fall 549, he had been defeated by Xiao Yi's general Bao Quan (
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emperor (as Emperor Jing). After Chen had Emperor Jing yield the throne to him in 558, establishing
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and also assumed acting imperial authority. Later that year, made a trip to the Western Wei capital
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Emperor Xuan wrote 15 volumes of literary works and 36 volumes of commentary on Buddhist sutras.
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was Emperor Yang's wife. Xiao Cha and his male descendants also had biographies in volume 93 of
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723:, had this to say about Emperor Xuan, both praising him and noting some of his idiosyncrasies:
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505:) further launched a surprise attack on Xiao Cha's headquarters at Xiangyang (襄陽, in modern
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as crown prince. He entrusted much of the governmental matters to Cai Dabao and Wang Cao (
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898:(纪), a term reserved for emperors' biographies. Xiao Cha had a biography in volume 48 of
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of dirt. He also executed Emperor Yuan's sons who were captured when Jiangling fell.
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In May 531, Xiao Tong died, but instead of creating Xiao Tong's oldest son Xiao Huan (
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580:) felt insulted by not treating him with as much respect as the envoy from
440:) to Yong Province. Zhang was a close friend of Emperor Wu's powerful son
430:) the Prince of Hedong the governor of Xiang Province (湘州, modern central
383:
principles of succession), Emperor Wu created Xiao Tong's younger brother
1278:
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Xiao Yu was initially able to repel Xiao Yi's attack and cause Xiao Yi's
454:) the Prince of Guiyang and governor of Xin Province (信州, modern eastern
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379:) the Duke of Huarong crown prince to succeed him (as was expected under
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emperor. In fall 555, after Wang Sengbian was killed by his lieutenant
1050:
890:, the biographies of the emperors of Western Liang were listed as
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emperor, thus maintaining a competing claim for the Liang throne.
632:
628:
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434:), rotating the previous governor of Xiang Province, Zhang Zuan (
523:, offering to become a vassal, and sought aid, sending his wife
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914:; the volume was titled "False (emperors) and vassals" (僭伪附庸).
15:
790:
Xiao Ji, Prince Xiao of Dongping (东平孝王蕭岌, d. 566), fourth son
660:
as its Emperor Wu, Wang Lin declared Emperor Yuan's grandson
652:, Chen deposed Xiao Yuanming and declared Emperor Yuan's son
477:), who put Xiao Yu's headquarters at Changsha (長沙, in modern
363:. He was considered studious, concentrating particularly on
852:, vol.48. Thus by calculation, his birth year should be 519.
765:
Xiao Liao, Crown Prince Xiaohui (孝惠太子 蕭嶚,d. 550), first son
644:
Later in 555, Wang Sengbian declared Emperor Yuan's cousin
328:
after Western Wei forces had defeated and killed his uncle
799:
married Cai Yanshou (蔡延寿), second son of Cai Dabao (蔡大宝)
940:
era of Xiao Yan's reign, per Xiao Cha's biography in
793:
Xiao Cen, Prince of Wu Commandery (吴郡王蕭岑), fifth son
787:
Xiao Yan, Prince of Anping (安平王蕭巖, d. 588), third son
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and Yuwen. In spring 551, when his uncle Xiao Guan (
499:) surrendered to Xiao Yi, and Du Ze's brother Du An (
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
862:Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping, eds. (2014).
301:((西)梁宣帝; 519 – March or April 562), personal name
340:Xiao Cha was born in 519, as the third son of
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519:) to attack Xiao Cha—Xiao Cha submitted to
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796:Princess Xuancheng (宣成公主), first daughter
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
412:Struggles against Xiao Yi (Emperor Yuan)
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840:According to Xiao Cha's biography in
674:), a general of Chen Baxian's nephew
635:, indeed, sent his general Hou Ping (
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320:of China. He took the throne of the
134:Emperor of the Western Liang dynasty
118:Emperor of the Western Liang dynasty
44:adding citations to reliable sources
978:era, per Emperor Wu's biography in
959:era, per Emperor Wu's biography in
762:, of the Wang clan (靜皇后王氏, d. 563)
773:, of the Cao clan (孝皇太妃曹氏,d. 562)
493:, and when his own general Du Ze (
420:rebelled and attacked the capital
14:
912:History of the Northern Dynasties
527:and his heir apparent Xiao Liao (
392:(東揚州, modern central and eastern
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533:) to Western Wei as hostages.
31:needs additional citations for
923:(萧察字理孙，兰陵人也，梁武帝之孙，昭明太子统之第三子。)
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124:Emperor Xuan of Western Liang
1:
1385:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1017:Emperor Ming of Western Liang
720:History of Northern Dynasties
356:. His mother was Xiao Tong's
299:Emperor Xuan of Western Liang
207:562 (aged 42–43)
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866:. BRILL. p. 1468.
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312:(理孫), was the founding
1460:Northern Wei Buddhists
1440:Liang dynasty emperors
324:with support from the
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888:Twenty-Four Histories
755:Consorts and issues:
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827:era, per vol.166 of
771:Consort Dowager Xiao
746:(大定 dà dìng) 555-562
416:In 548, the general
291:Empress Dowager Gong
143:7 February 555 – 562
40:improve this article
1204:Marquess of Donghun
1062:Emperor Wen of Chen
1041:(Prince of Yongjia)
908:Xiao Kui's daughter
676:Emperor Wen of Chen
326:Western Wei dynasty
1105:Southern dynasties
688:) and Dugu Sheng (
256:Emperor Xuan (宣皇帝)
1475:Founding monarchs
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1194:Prince of Hailing
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96:November 2006
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57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1373:N. Dynasties
1369:S. Dynasties
1273:
1045:
1024:
1004:
979:
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967:
960:
956:
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948:
942:Book of Zhou
941:
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900:Book of Zhou
899:
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863:
857:
849:
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842:Book of Zhou
841:
836:
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824:
820:
816:
760:Empress Jing
754:
743:
733:
727:
718:
706:
702:
681:
666:
658:Chen Dynasty
654:Xiao Fangzhi
643:
612:
602:
572:
545:
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415:
402:Hangzhou Bay
372:
361:Consort Gong
346:crown prince
339:
330:Emperor Yuan
309:
302:
298:
297:
238:
237:
216:Empress Wang
186:Emperor Jing
169:Emperor Ming
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1365:16 Kingdoms
1171:Southern Qi
1039:Xiao Zhuang
1025:Emperor of
904:Book of Sui
662:Xiao Zhuang
650:Chen Baxian
582:Northern Qi
521:Western Wei
352:'s founder
344:, then the
262:Temple name
220:Consort Cao
182:Emperor Min
148:Predecessor
1450:562 deaths
1445:519 births
1434:Categories
1357:3 Kingdoms
1008:(Western)
927:, vol.48.
808:References
717:), in his
709:Li Yanshou
354:Emperor Wu
336:Early life
244:Lisun (理孫)
178:Emperor(s)
66:newspapers
55:"Xiao Cha"
1284:Xiao Cong
535:Yuwen Tai
487:Jiangling
456:Chongqing
385:Xiao Gang
381:Confucian
358:concubine
342:Xiao Tong
281:Xiao Tong
165:Successor
1279:Xiao Kui
1274:Xiao Cha
1136:Liu Shao
1113:Liu Song
1101:Emperors
1056:560–561
1031:555–562
1011:555–562
925:Zhou Shu
850:Zhou Shu
846:Bao'ding
825:Shao'tai
784:Unknown
777:Xiao Kui
738:Era name
619:Xiao Kui
592:Wang Lin
552:Chang'an
507:Xiangfan
479:Changsha
422:Jiankang
418:Hou Jing
394:Zhejiang
365:Buddhist
303:Xiao Cha
1236:Jianwen
1103:of the
957:Da'tong
938:Pu'tong
886:In the
442:Xiao Yi
316:of the
314:emperor
80:scholar
1397:W. Xia
1326:Houzhu
1141:Xiaowu
972:yi'hai
953:ji'wei
870:
821:ren'wu
751:Family
744:Dading
368:sutras
305:(蕭詧),
287:Mother
277:Father
212:Spouse
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1341:Shang
1219:Liang
1051:Hunan
906:, as
892:zhuan
633:Hubei
629:Hunan
599:Reign
511:Hubei
483:Hunan
446:Hubei
432:Hunan
406:Hubei
310:Lisun
230:Names
176:Liang
140:Reign
87:JSTOR
73:books
1413:Qing
1409:Ming
1405:Yuan
1393:Song
1389:Liao
1381:Tang
1345:Zhou
1321:Xuan
1298:Chen
1256:Jing
1246:Yuan
1199:Ming
1161:Shun
1151:Ming
1126:Shao
868:ISBN
577:宇文仁恕
204:Died
196:Born
127:西梁宣帝
59:news
1421:PRC
1417:ROC
1401:Jīn
1377:Sui
1361:Jìn
1353:Han
1349:Qin
1337:Xia
1316:Fei
1311:Wen
1251:Min
1179:Gao
1131:Wen
714:李延寿
691:獨孤盛
685:賀若敦
607:尹德毅
567:蔡大寶
516:柳仲禮
468:蕭方等
396:),
348:to
199:519
42:by
1436::
1419:/
1415:→
1411:→
1407:→
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1399:/
1395:/
1391:/
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1371:/
1367:→
1363:/
1359:→
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1343:→
1339:→
1306:Wu
1231:Wu
1209:He
1184:Wu
1121:Wu
1053:)
896:ji
697:殷亮
671:侯瑱
638:侯平
624:王操
587:于謹
561:蕭綸
540:楊忠
530:蕭嶚
509:,
502:杜岸
496:杜崱
481:,
474:鮑泉
451:蕭慥
437:張纘
427:蕭譽
376:蕭歡
1093:e
1086:t
1079:v
1049:(
876:.
711:(
668:(
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155:(
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103:(
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94:(
84:·
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36:.
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