1344:
419:, three proclamations were issued by Xiao and Yang Xiuqing (by then the East King of the Taipings) in an attempt to gain the sympathy of the locals and to drum up new recruits. These proclamations demonstrated the triune religious-nationalist-political nature of the Taiping Rebellion by calling for the conversion of the people to Christianity, for the ruling ethnic-minority Manchus to be overthrown, and for the destruction of a government the Taipings considered to be thoroughly corrupt. The proclamations hardened the opposition of the gentry and scholars but helped convince over 20,000 locals to join the rebellion.
378:, a younger sister of Hong Xiuquan. This Hong Xuanjiao has left an imprint on Chinese culture as a valiant female warrior. However, Hong Xiuquan had no younger sister. Instead, it appears that wives of Taiping Kings like Xiao Chaogui were referred to as "younger sisters" of Hong Xiuquan. The most likely explanation appears to be that Yang Yunjiao and Hong Xuanjiao were the same person; Yang Yunjiao changed her given name from Yunjiao to Xuanjiao (possibly due to issues related to pronunciation), and folk historians provided her with the surname Hong to honor Hong Xiuquan.
439:. Seeing little progress being made, Xiao chose to don robes indicating his noble rank, hoisted a large banner above his head, and headed to the front lines to direct his troops. He was quickly hit in the left shoulder by a cannonball fired from the walls of the city and succumbed to his wounds near the end of September. The siege was ultimately abandoned in November. Xiao's actions leading up to his death have been harshly condemned by Chinese historians, who characterize them as "not an act of heroism but another example of 'stupid loyalty and stupid valor.'"
40:
1176:
1152:
1141:
1130:
1119:
1051:
395:
Yunshan when the two returned to
Thistle Mountain the following summer. Xiao, speaking as Jesus, provided doctrine, advice, and leadership to the God Worshippers. When speaking as Jesus, Xiao was able to reprimand even Hong Xiuquan, as Jesus necessarily possessed greater authority than even Hong. During that summer of 1848, Xiao entered into a sworn brotherhood with Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan, Yang Xiuqing,
412:
rank of marshal being the "ultimate mark of distinction in the
Taiping organization." On December 4, 1851, Hong bestowed further honors on Xiao, declaring him to be the West King, Lord of 8,000 Years. Six days later, during a Qing counterattack on a supply depot near Yongan, Xiao was wounded. With one minor exception, Xiao ceased to speak with the voice of Jesus soon thereafter.
411:
Xiao acted as one of the principal military commanders of the
Taiping forces in the early days of the Taiping Rebellion and was named commander in chief of the Taiping's Front Army Corps on January 11, 1851. Shortly after their capture of Yongan, Hong Xiuquan named Xiao Co-Marshal, the ceremonial
394:
were in a neighboring province, Xiao
Chaogui assumed a leadership role in the God-Worshipping Society. At this time, Xiao began to claim that Jesus Christ had descended to earth and that Jesus spoke through him while he himself was in a trance. This claim was ratified by Hong Xiuquan and Feng
442:
Despite his death, Hong
Xiuquan continued to regularly issue decrees in his name. He was also posthumously awarded the title "Rain Master." One of his sons inherited his noble title and was addressed as Junior West King, until his death in the aftermath of the fall of
370:
He was married to Yang
Yunjiao, a zealous God Worshipper. Yang claimed to have visited Heaven in 1837 during a serious illness and to have been informed of the coming of a religious instructor, who was later presumed to be Hong Xiuquan.
362:. He, along with his wife, father, and brothers, joined Hong Xiuquan's Society of God Worshippers. He possessed a "legendary reputation for valor and physical strength."
1444:
1406:
906:
954:
1439:
899:
1454:
285:
277:
1449:
999:
892:
501:
Robert P. Weller, Resistance, Chaos and
Control in China: Taiping Rebels, Taiwanese Ghosts and Tiananmen 228 (1994)
1348:
994:
979:
964:
934:
436:
242:
944:
202:
57:
53:
47:
350:. Despite his modest means, he became an influential leader in the region. He was probably a member of the
1328:
1014:
183:
1459:
1434:
1343:
1241:
984:
1009:
959:
949:
753:
Political
Leaders of Modern China: A Biographical Dictionary 187 (Edwin Pak-Wah Leung ed. 2002)
969:
939:
915:
307:
230:
148:
39:
1386:
1352:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1293:
1275:
1236:
1215:
1196:
1161:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1024:
989:
929:
471:
343:
237:
1019:
974:
261:
1289:
1251:
1175:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1050:
1045:
1004:
416:
266:
1428:
1266:
1056:
375:
141:
106:
82:
1372:
1284:
1261:
1192:
1146:
1100:
1074:
1061:
1040:
396:
391:
387:
374:
Some sources have stated that, following the death of his first wife, Xiao married
359:
351:
315:
311:
257:
87:
1382:
1246:
1206:
1135:
1113:
164:
322:. Because of his importance to the rebellion, he was awarded the title of the "
1315:
1170:
1157:
447:. Both sons were considered to be nephews to Jesus and grandchildren to God.
355:
114:
306:
1820 – September 1852) was an important leader during the early years of the
1377:
1271:
1211:
1124:
400:
432:
428:
127:
1302:
1256:
444:
347:
339:
318:, the leader of the Taipings, and claimed to serve as a mouthpiece for
110:
654:
Jonathan D. Spence, God's
Chinese Son 107-08, 113, 118, 124-25 (1996)
431:, the current base of the Taiping, in attempt to capture the city of
335:
293:
884:
582:
Pamela Kyle
Crossley, The Wobbling Pivot: China Since 1800 99 (2010)
573:
Pamela Kyle Crossley, The Wobbling Pivot: China Since 1800 99 (2010)
564:
Pamela Kyle Crossley, The Wobbling Pivot: China Since 1800 99 (2010)
555:
Pamela Kyle Crossley, The Wobbling Pivot: China Since 1800 98 (2010)
319:
131:
888:
870:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 98, 534 (1973)
780:
Franz H. Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History 58-59 (1966)
609:
Franz H. Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History 36-37 (1966)
771:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 93-95 (1973)
699:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 65-66 (1973)
681:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 40-43 (1973)
537:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 32-33 (1973)
690:
Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 130, 138, 163 (1996)
663:
Franz H. Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History 37 (1966)
636:
Franz H. Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History 37 (1966)
591:
Franz H. Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History 36 (1966)
510:
Franz H. Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History 36 (1966)
861:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 159 (1973)
415:
In the summer of 1852 while the Taiping were encamped in
852:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 98 (1973)
834:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 98 (1973)
816:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 98 (1973)
789:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 95 (1973)
744:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 93 (1973)
708:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 78 (1973)
627:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 50 (1973)
600:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 50 (1973)
546:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 57 (1973)
519:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 41 (1973)
492:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 41 (1973)
483:
Jen Yu-wen, The Taiping Revolutionary Movement 41 (1973)
1399:
1365:
1229:
1185:
1033:
922:
735:
Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 146-47 (1996)
226:
218:
208:
198:
179:
163:
147:
137:
120:
97:
93:
81:
73:
65:
46:
21:
427:In late August 1852, Xiao lead a small force from
879:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 246 (1996)
843:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 165 (1996)
825:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 163 (1996)
807:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 163 (1996)
798:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 163 (1996)
762:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 160 (1996)
726:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 145 (1996)
717:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 143 (1996)
672:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 111 (1996)
645:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 107 (1996)
618:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 107 (1996)
528:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 348 (1996)
462:Jonathan D. Spence, God's Chinese Son 107 (1996)
900:
435:. They arrived at Changsha in September and
354:, but it has also been suggested that he was
8:
334:Xiao Chaogui was a poor peasant farmer from
907:
893:
885:
474:, The Taiping Rebellion: History 36 (1966)
18:
1445:Military leaders of the Taiping Rebellion
455:
160:
171:真天命太平天囯傳救世主天兄基督太子聖旨聖神上帝之雨電右弼又正軍師西王八千歲
7:
314:of China. He was a sworn brother to
407:Leadership in the Taiping Rebellion
1230:Qing dynasty leaders and personnel
14:
48:West King of the Heavenly Kingdom
1342:
1174:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1049:
1034:Taiping Heavenly Kingdom leaders
38:
358:He may have been a relative of
298:
289:
281:
1:
386:In the autumn of 1848, while
303:
101:
1476:
255:
1440:Chinese religious leaders
1415:
250:
243:Battle of Changsha (1852)
193:
189:
170:
159:
37:
30:
437:began besieging the city
203:Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
1329:Frederick Townsend Ward
184:God Worshipping Society
1455:Generals from Guangxi
1366:Other notable figures
923:Battles and campaigns
1400:Miscellaneous topics
1242:Empress Dowager Cixi
403:, and Jesus Christ.
1222:(Red Turban rebels)
1186:Other rebel leaders
955:Northern Expedition
382:The God Worshippers
286:traditional Chinese
1450:People from Laibin
960:Eastern Expedition
950:Western Expedition
278:simplified Chinese
222:Commander in Chief
1422:
1421:
970:Tianjing incident
916:Taiping Rebellion
308:Taiping Rebellion
254:
253:
231:Taiping Rebellion
175:
174:
60:
1467:
1391:
1357:
1347:
1346:
1337:
1324:
1311:
1298:
1280:
1237:Xianfeng Emperor
1220:
1201:
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529:
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520:
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511:
508:
502:
499:
493:
490:
484:
481:
475:
472:Franz H. Michael
469:
463:
460:
344:Thistle Mountain
305:
300:
291:
283:
238:Jintian uprising
214:Front Army Corps
210:
161:
155:Xiao Youfu (蕭有福)
153:Xiao Youhe (蕭有和)
103:
52:
42:
26:
19:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:
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1425:
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1423:
1418:
1411:
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1333:
1320:
1307:
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1276:
1225:
1216:
1197:
1181:
1162:
1105:
1092:
1079:
1066:
1029:
918:
913:
883:
878:
874:
869:
865:
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851:
847:
842:
838:
833:
829:
824:
820:
815:
811:
806:
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797:
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788:
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779:
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770:
766:
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752:
748:
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730:
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721:
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707:
703:
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487:
482:
478:
470:
466:
461:
457:
453:
425:
409:
384:
368:
332:
271:
234:
194:Military career
154:
125:
105:
61:
51:
24:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1457:
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1442:
1437:
1427:
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1420:
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1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1349:Auguste Protet
1339:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1290:Zhang Guoliang
1287:
1282:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Sengge Rinchen
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1209:
1204:
1189:
1187:
1183:
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1179:
1168:
1155:
1144:
1133:
1122:
1111:
1098:
1085:
1072:
1059:
1054:
1046:Hong Tianguifu
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
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987:
982:
977:
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932:
926:
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920:
919:
914:
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911:
904:
897:
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882:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
701:
692:
683:
674:
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647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
593:
584:
575:
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557:
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512:
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494:
485:
476:
464:
454:
452:
449:
424:
421:
408:
405:
383:
380:
367:
364:
338:, now part of
331:
328:
252:
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248:
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206:
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177:
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145:
144:
139:
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124:September 1852
122:
118:
117:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
32:West King (西王)
28:
27:
16:West King (西王)
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1472:
1461:
1460:Zhuang people
1458:
1456:
1453:
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1304:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1267:Luo Bingzhang
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:(Nian Rebels)
1202:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1165:
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1089:
1086:
1084:
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1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Hong Xuanjiao
1055:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
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1001:
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398:
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389:
381:
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376:Hong Xuanjiao
372:
365:
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146:
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142:Hong Xuanjiao
140:
136:
133:
129:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
107:Wuxuan County
100:
96:
92:
89:
86:
84:
83:Heavenly King
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
55:
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
20:
1388:
1373:Fu Shanxiang
1354:
1334:
1321:
1308:
1295:
1285:Zuo Zongtang
1277:
1262:Li Hongzhang
1217:
1198:
1193:Zhang Lexing
1163:
1147:Chen Yucheng
1106:
1101:Wei Changhui
1093:
1088:Xiao Chaogui
1087:
1080:
1075:Feng Yunshan
1067:
1062:Yang Xiuqing
1041:Hong Xiuquan
980:2nd Jiangnan
965:1st Jiangnan
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
713:
704:
695:
686:
677:
668:
659:
650:
641:
632:
623:
614:
605:
596:
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578:
569:
560:
551:
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
479:
467:
458:
441:
426:
414:
410:
397:Wei Changhui
392:Hong Xiuquan
388:Feng Yunshan
385:
373:
369:
360:Yang Xiuqing
352:Hakka people
333:
323:
320:Jesus Christ
316:Hong Xiuquan
312:Qing dynasty
310:against the
299:Xiāo Cháoguì
297:
274:Xiao Chaogui
273:
272:
265:
258:Chinese name
227:Battles/wars
88:Hong Xiuquan
31:
22:Xiao Chaogui
1435:1852 deaths
1407:Noble ranks
1383:Yang Fuqing
1247:Zeng Guofan
1207:Su Sanniang
1136:Li Xiucheng
1114:Hong Rengan
1015:3rd Nanking
945:1st Nanjing
262:family name
165:Regnal name
1429:Categories
1316:Xiang Rong
1171:Qin Rigang
1158:Li Shixian
451:References
346:region of
330:Early life
199:Allegiance
115:Qing China
77:Xiao Youhe
58:proclaimed
1417:See also:
1378:Hu Jiumei
1272:Jirhangga
1212:Qiu Ersao
1125:Shi Dakai
1010:Changzhou
1000:Guanzhong
401:Shi Dakai
342:, in the
324:West King
74:Successor
69:1851–1852
995:Shanghai
935:Changsha
433:Changsha
429:Chenzhou
256:In this
209:Service/
180:Religion
128:Changsha
1389:†
1355:†
1335:†
1322:†
1309:†
1303:He Chun
1296:†
1278:†
1257:Guanwen
1218:†
1199:†
1164:†
1107:†
1094:†
1081:†
1068:†
940:Wuchang
930:Jintian
445:Nanjing
417:Daozhou
348:Guangxi
340:Guiping
111:Guangxi
1385:
1351:
1331:
1318:
1305:
1292:
1274:
1214:
1195:
1173:
1160:
1149:
1138:
1127:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1064:
1048:
1025:Fujian
990:Anqing
985:Ningbo
336:Wuxuan
296::
294:pinyin
288::
280::
260:, the
211:branch
138:Spouse
1020:Hubei
975:Sanhe
423:Death
149:Issue
132:Hunan
126:near
66:Reign
1005:Cixi
390:and
366:Wife
267:Xiao
219:Rank
121:Died
104:1820
98:Born
54:self
356:Yao
326:."
290:蕭朝貴
282:萧朝贵
264:is
25:蕭朝貴
1431::
399:,
304:c.
302:;
292:;
284:;
233::
130:,
113:,
109:,
102:c.
908:e
901:t
894:v
276:(
270:.
56:-
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