22:
502:, but was defeated by Liao forces under Xiao's command; she is said to have commanded the troops herself on the front line of the battle. They routed the Song soldiers and captured thousands, who, as it was her birthday, Xiao pardoned. A further invasion by the Song would ensue in 989 only to be defeated once again by Liao forces resulting in the death of
493:
In Khitan culture, it was acceptable for women to take part in military action, and indeed to be military commanders: Xiao became a military commander of great renown. In 986, the Liao Empire was invaded by the
512:
As
Empress Dowager Chengtian, Xiao commanded her own army of 10,000 cavalry and would personally lead the Liao army in battle against the Song in 1005, despite being over 50 years old by that point.
1335:
509:
In her personal life, Empress
Dowager Chengtian was reported to have an accepted, spouse-like relationship with her advisor - and commanded of the Northern Chancellery - Han Derang.
515:
Known for her great skills in civil administration, Empress
Dowager Chengtian retained great influence until her death at age 57 in 1009. Chinese chronicles, such as
1315:
1105:
461:. Also referred to by the name Xiao Chuo, Xiao's original Khitan family name was Bali (拔裏氏). She was the youngest of the Xiao sisters, along with
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Essentially the same novel, with slight modifications by publishers and editors, as the second half of the
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Yelü Longxu. Being granted the title of
Empress, Xiao was influential during her husband's reign.
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Wanton Women in Late-Imperial
Chinese Literature: Models, Genres, Subversions and Traditions
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769:遼史.卷七十一.后妃傳:"後族唯乙室、拔裏氏，而世任其國事。太祖慕漢高皇帝，故耶律兼稱劉氏；以乙室、拔裏比蕭相國，遂為蕭氏。...景宗睿智皇后蕭氏，諱綽，小字燕燕，北府宰相思溫女。"
144:
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348:
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678:
Women
Warriors in History: 1,622 Biographies Worldwide from the Bronze Age to the Present
79:
482:
She would go on to become regent for her son in 982 when he ascended the Liao throne as
1078:" Women in power 750-1000" from Guide2womenleaders.com, last accessed January 13, 2007
522:
She was also instrumental in arranging a marriage between her son and her court lady,
1376:
1216:
1138:
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782:
Zhu, Ruixi; Zhang, Bangwei; Liu, Fusheng; Cai, Chongbang; Wang, Zengyu (2016-12-22).
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519:, credit most of the success of Emperor Shengzong's reign to his mother, Chengtian.
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Biographical
Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
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The
Chalice and the Blade in Chinese Culture: Gender Relations and Social Models
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Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and
Concubines in China from Han to Liao
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The
Logical Deduction of Chinese Traditional Political Philosophy
618:(《兩宋南北志傳》) written by Xiong Damu (熊大木) in the late 16th century.
1087:
15:
974:
from Guide2womenleaders.com, last accessed January 13, 2007
457:
Xiao Yanyan was the 3rd child of Xiao Siwen (蕭思溫), Liao's
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Empress Dowager Ruìdé Shénlüè Yìngyùn QĬhuà Chéngtiān (
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
746:Tales of Empresses and Imperial Consorts in China
814:. China Social Sciences Publishing House. 1995.
560:Portrayed by Mei Lier in the 2019 Chinese movie
449:. She was regent on behalf of her son from 982.
1013:"Battle Between Song and Liao Dynasties (2019)"
540:Portrayed by Mu Qing in the 1995 Chinese movie
490:who died while returning from a hunting trip.
713:Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Wiles, Sue (2015-01-28).
1099:
8:
838:Chinese Imperial Women (2010 Edition - EPUB)
486:at 12 years old after the untimely death of
1106:
1092:
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127:
1049:Hao, Fu (2002). "Biographical Sketches".
616:Records of the Two Songs, South and North
430:; 953 – 29 December 1009), also known as
118:For other people with similar names, see
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
476:and would go on to bear the crown Prince
951:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
743:Shang, Xizhi; Liang, Liangxing (1994).
636:
607:
562:Battle Between Song and Liao Dynasties
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151:Legends of Generals of the Yang Family
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498:to the south under the leadership of
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675:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2023-12-20).
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44:adding citations to reliable sources
785:A Social History of Medieval China
249:Yelü Changshounü (耶律長壽女), daughter
14:
170:13 October 982 – 23 December 1009
149:from one 1892 print of the novel
137:Empress Dowager Chengtian of Liao
125:Empress Dowager Chengtian of Liao
252:Yelü Yanshounü (耶律延壽女), daughter
246:Yelü Guanyinnü (耶律觀音女), daughter
20:
749:. Hai Feng Publishing Company.
31:needs additional citations for
1438:10th-century empresses consort
788:. Cambridge University Press.
571:in the 2020 Chinese TV series
427:
1:
1336:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
945:McMahon, Keith (2013-06-06).
551:in the 2009 Korean TV series
1044:] (in Literary Chinese).
990:. Harvard University Press.
895:. Rowman & Littlefield.
892:Women in Song and Yuan China
862:Zhang, Shiwei (2021-11-16).
587:She is also portrayed as an
542:Great Liao's Empress Dowager
355:Empress Shèngshén Xuānxiàn (
1448:Mothers of Chinese emperors
984:Kuhn, Dieter (2011-10-15).
889:Hinsch, Bret (2020-12-16).
594:Generals of the Yang Family
1464:
1433:11th-century Khitan people
1423:10th-century Khitan people
1063:10.2753/CSH0009-4633350211
1051:Chinese Studies in History
972:" Women in power 750-1000"
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1428:11th-century Khitan women
1418:10th-century Khitan women
1393:Women in medieval warfare
1288:
1258:
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987:The Age of Confucian Rule
841:. Asiapac Books Pte Ltd.
432:Empress Dowager Chengtian
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240:Yelü Longqing (耶律隆慶), son
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488:Emperor Jingzong of Liao
474:Emperor Jingzong of Liao
243:Yelü Longyou (耶律隆祐), son
1260:Grand empresses dowager
643:(景宗睿智皇后萧氏，讳绰，小字燕燕，...)
574:The Legend of Xiao Chuo
517:The History of the Liao
500:Emperor Taizong of Song
441:and military leader of
1408:Liao dynasty empresses
1403:Chinese female regents
1034:; et al. (1344).
835:SK, Lim (2018-11-12).
1398:Women in war in China
921:. BRILL. 2017-04-18.
1443:10th-century regents
1222:Empress Dowager Xiao
40:improve this article
868:. Springer Nature.
535:Film and television
472:Xiao later married
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1197:Empresses dowager
1124:Empresses consort
1114:Empresses of the
997:978-0-674-24434-4
958:978-1-4422-2290-8
928:978-90-04-34062-6
902:978-1-5381-4492-3
875:978-981-16-4376-7
848:978-981-229-994-9
821:978-7-5004-1741-5
795:978-1-107-16786-5
756:978-962-238-218-3
726:978-1-317-51562-3
688:978-1-4766-5032-6
530:Modern references
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96:February 2024
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57: –
56:
55:"Xiao Yanyan"
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1324:N. Dynasties
1320:S. Dynasties
1250:Yelü Pusuwan
1242:Western Liao
1226:
1187:Xiao Tabuyan
1179:Western Liao
1169:Xiao Guanyin
1158:
1154:Xiao Sagezhi
1149:Empress Zhen
1116:Liao dynasty
1057:(2): 11–93.
1054:
1050:
1041:
1011:chinesemov.
1006:
986:
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644:
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615:
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597:adaptations.
592:
572:
569:Tiffany Tang
561:
552:
549:Shim Hye-jin
541:
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516:
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508:
496:Song dynasty
492:
481:
477:
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447:Liao dynasty
431:
419:
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288:Chinese name
161:Liao dynasty
150:
136:
120:Empress Xiao
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1388:1009 deaths
1316:16 Kingdoms
1280:Xiao Noujin
1232:Xiao Noujin
1227:Xiao Yanyan
1164:Xiao Noujin
1159:Xiao Yanyan
524:Xiao Noujin
463:Xiao Hunian
418:, nickname
407:Yelü Lübugu
303:Regnal name
279:Khitan name
270:Family name
216:Yelü Xian (
131:Xiao Yanyan
1383:953 births
1377:Categories
1308:3 Kingdoms
1217:Shulü Ping
1139:Shulü Ping
626:References
589:antagonist
582:Literature
459:chancellor
396:Xiao Siwen
281:: Yanyan (
204:1009-12-29
66:newspapers
1413:Xiao clan
1071:219308181
631:Citations
467:Lady Xiao
416:Xiao Chuo
1144:Xiao Wen
660:, vol.14
658:Liao Shi
647:, vol.71
645:Liao Shi
591:in many
564:(大破天门阵).
272:: Xiāo (
153:(《楊家將傳》)
1032:Toqto'a
1024:Sources
504:Yang Ye
453:History
439:empress
424:Chinese
409:(耶律呂不古)
175:Monarch
167:Regency
80:scholar
1348:W. Xia
1290:Xia →
1069:
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872:
845:
818:
792:
753:
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685:
436:Khitan
426::
420:Yanyan
403:Mother
392:Father
237:), son
213:Spouse
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1292:Shang
1067:S2CID
1040:[
602:Notes
398:(蕭思溫)
264:Names
226:Issue
181:(son)
87:JSTOR
73:books
1364:Qing
1360:Ming
1356:Yuan
1344:Song
1340:Liao
1332:Tang
1296:Zhou
1267:Liao
1204:Liao
1131:Liao
1037:《遼史》
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