847:
63:
1055:
by
President Menem. The staff of YPF was reduced from 52,000 to 10,600 through layoffs agreed with unions and outsourcing of services to companies established by former YPF employees during the restructuring process. The financial bottom line for the company was increased from a loss about $ 1 billion in 1991 (although the accounting system at the time could not accurately compute actual profit) to a profit of $ 1 billion in 1993, and the underlying value of YPF was increased from about US$ 2 billion to the US$ 9 billion after privatization.
956:
610:
3667:
463:
980:
1976 kept oil prices well below inflation, with the consequence that costs increased faster than income. YPF also bore an extremely heavy tax burden, as 68.4% of its revenues were paid as tax to the national and provincial governments, as well as a long list of state agencies that included the
National Energy Fund, the National Highway Council, and the Provincial Road Fund. Another serious drain resulted from the failure of other state enterprises such as
1132:
915:
which had virtually ceased, grew to become one third of the nation's total. YPF itself benefited by way of a royalty bonanza, which financed record investments. These in turn led a doubling of YPF production to 65 million barrels; including the private sector, Argentina's oil production thus nearly tripled to 98 million barrels by 1962, and despite higher consumption, imports fell to merely one sixth of total demand.
5342:
3706:
1680:
942:, was later declared the "national energy capital" due to its having at the time around half of Argentina's reserves of oil and natural gas. This discovery allowed YPF output to rise by 50% between 1965 and 1968 to 95 million barrels, its share of the nation's oil output growing from two-thirds to three-fourths. New oil field rental contracts were signed following a 1967 policy change enacted by President
1320:
827:(ACA) to supply a chain of ACA service stations. Oil production by YPF continued to grow, and soon eclipsed private production: from just over 5 million barrels (37% of the total) in 1934, production grew to 15 million in 1945 (67%). The development of the nation's sizable natural gas resources also originated largely from YPF. Drawing from an initiative by YPF director Julio Canessa, President
1192:, was reported to have been in talks to buy out Repsol's share in YPF – a potential deal scuttled by the Argentine announcement. Both Repsol and YPF shares fell sharply before and after the announcement, and the cost of insuring Argentine government bonds against default rose, as did those of Spain. Repsol Chairman Brufau estimated the company's potential loss at €5.7 billion (US$ 7.5 billion).
1666:
804:
54:
699:
268:
248:
1066:, where Maxus maintained wells, in May of that year. His policy of high exploration investments was maintained by his successor, Nells León, and reserves expanded by 50% while production rose from 109 million barrels in 1993 to a record 190 million in 1998; of the latter total, 32 million were produced by Maxus operations in Ecuador and elsewhere.
708:
475:
899:
1327:
The company remained the largest in its sector in
Argentina despite declining production, operating 52% of the nation's refinery capacity in three facilities and 1,600 filling stations. Its sales of gasoline and other motor fuels totaled 12.15 billion liters (3.21 billion gallons) in 2011, 57% of the
1346:
YPF shares of total output fell 8 points to 34% in oil, and 12 points to 23% in natural gas; its declines in output represented 54% of lost oil production and 97% in the case of natural gas. The company's oil production had declined by a further 7%, and gas by 9%, during 2011. Production declines of
1054:
of YPF through an IPO on the New York and other stock exchanges on 28 June 1993, at a value of US$ 3 billion for stock equal to a 45% share in the company. During the 18 months prior to the IPO, YPF underwent a massive restructuring process led by its new CEO José Estenssoro, who had been appointed
988:
to pay YPF for their fuel in full and on time. These intergovernmental accounts represented 20% of YPF's sales and were as much as ten years in arrears. The tax policy of the military government followed the same path as its civilian predecessors, a path that regarded YPF as a convenient source of
751:
and Royal Dutch Shell production in Chubut, the firm now covered a third of the nation's oil market. A partnership with distributor Auger & Co. signed in 1925 resulted in a network of over 700 filling stations selling 178 million liters (47 million gallons) by 1930 – an 18% market share. Company
979:
The military government was openly hostile to YPF's paramount position in the oil industry, however. The company lost money every year after 1975 and by 1981 was US$ 4.1 billion in debt. YPF losses resulted, at least in large part, from policy decisions beyond its control. Government policy after
1107:
Argentine international energy trade recorded an imbalance of US$ 3 billion in 2011, the first negative figure since 1987, and the relationship between YPF and the government became difficult. Investment in exploration at YPF as a percentage of profits had been far below those in most other Repsol
1084:
purchased 98% of YPF in 1999 in two stages: a 15% share sold by the national government for US$ 2 billion, and a further 83% for over US$ 13 billion including all remaining public sector shares (10%, equally divided between the nation and the provinces) as well as most of the outstanding investor
1246:
for arbitration. The
Argentine government and Repsol reached agreement in principle on compensation in November 2013, and on 25 February 2014, Repsol announced final agreement that the Argentine government would provide Repsol with guaranteed Argentine government bonds of varying maturities, the
946:
which had the goal of achieving self-sufficiency in oil by 1975. Regaining its monopoly on oil imports in 1971 (which still averaged around 15 million barrels), YPF retained a majority of production (75%), as well as refining and distribution (60%), of petroleum in
Argentina. The firm operated 7
914:
economic policy advanced by
Frondizi, this policy was made with the caveat that oil and gas resources themselves would be renationalized. Thirteen contracts were signed with mainly U.S. firms, whereby each contractor would earn 40% of the revenues produced from the new wells. Private production,
1092:
The
Petersen Group (property of the Eskenazi family of Buenos Aires) entered into a partnership with Repsol in 2007 by acquiring a 15% stake in YPF; the group bought another 10% of the company for US$ 1.3 billion on 4 May 2011. A majority of the firm's shares (58%) remained under the control of
858:
This gain was partly offset by a 40% drop in private-sector output, however, such that overall oil production rose by only one-third during the
Peronist decade while annual consumption nearly doubled to 70 million barrels. The nation's oil supply thus shifted from 60% domestic in 1945, to 60%
1334:
at 308 million barrels and declined steadily afterward, reaching 209 million in 2011. Natural gas production also declined, from 52 billion m in 2004 to 45.5 billion. The company's production of oil had fallen by 43% between 1998 and 2011, and of natural gas by 37% from its high in 2004.
738:, YPF, still directed by Enrique Mosconi, reduced oil prices in May 1929, leading to the cheapest petroleum in the world and to an important increase in YPF's sales compared to its rival private companies, forcing them to also lower their prices. Mosconi also reduced the price of
598:. Bolstered by production in Comodoro Rivadavia, the firm produced 2.2 million barrels in its first year of operation (1922); this represented over three-quarters of domestic production and nearly a fourth of Argentina's oil consumption that year. Contracts signed in 1923 with
1199:
from Repsol for €1.5 billion. The 2008 agreement required Repsol to buy back shares owned by the Group and to assume the loan should the Madrid-based firm lose majority control of YPF. Sebastián
Eskenazi indicated however that the group would forgo this option.
1347:
6% annually under Repsol were reversed following the renationalization, however. Amid sharp increases in profitability and investment, output in 2013 rose by 3.4% in oil and a 2.2% in gas, and a further 8.7% and 12.5% in oil and gas, respectively, during 2014.
5406:
1162:, and other Spanish officials objected to the nationalisation, accusing the Argentine government of driving down YPF shares ahead of the announcement (market price of the shares declined by over half from February to April). Economy Minister
3221:
746:
to contribute to the development of the interior regions of
Argentina. YPF produced 5.5 million barrels by 1929, and though its share of domestic output had declined to 58% (from 77% in 1923) amid a sharp rise of
975:
initially presided over a revitalization and streamlining of YPF. Output increased by 20% and its finances initially improved following a wave of layoffs that returned employment levels to around 35,000 by 1979.
1000:" atrocities), Suárez Mason installed many of his hard-line Army Intelligence colleagues in managerial posts at YPF. They in turn diverted large quantities of fuel into the director's newly established company
1360:, with recoverable reserves of 22.8 billion barrels of oil equivalent, and potential to extend to an area of up to 30,000 km (11,600 mi). Its reserves of crude and natural gas, not including the new
4567:
1650:
Notes: unless specified. Three year periods are averages. Output data from 1995 to 2011 includes Maxus Energy and other overseas units, typically around 20% of YPF's worldwide total. Exchange rate from
5661:
5641:
1243:
3335:
1116:
on domestic oil and gas. Political risks and government intervention, including price controls, have discouraged foreign investment in oil production in Latin America in general. President
3228:
3110:
1280:, by Chevron, and by the periodic issuance of high-yield corporate bonds. These bond issuances were raised to US$ 1.5 billion per series in April 2015, as demand surged to US$ 4 billion.
5626:
3172:
867:
levied on private firms, and Article 40 of the Constitution of 1949 stipulated the nationalization of all energy and mineral resources. The deteriorating oil deficit led Perón to court
667:, exploitation and transport, but excluding selling and imports. Private firms opposed themselves to the law project, refusing to pay a 10% royalty. The bill was supported by President
1043:
to maintain. YPF debts thus rose 142-fold during Suárez Mason's tenure, at the end of which in 1983 the company recorded a US$ 6 billion loss (the largest in the world at the time).
4463:
640:, and was at the time the tenth largest in the world. According to Mosconi, this spawned the beginning of "the mobilization of all sort of resistance and obstacles" from the oil
3672:
1093:
Repsol, while 16% remained in private portfolios; the Argentine Government retained the golden share. In 2014, Repsol exited the Argentine market, giving up its stake in YPF.
5308:
963:
Perón's return to Argentina and to the presidency in 1973 was followed by the addition of nearly 20,000 employees (YPF employed 53,000 by 1976). It also coincided with the
843:
were completed by 1949, leading to a fifty-fold increase in natural gas production. Oil production at YPF surpassed 25 million barrels (84% of the nation's total) by 1955.
5477:
491:
The company, specializing in the exploration, production, refining and commercialization of petroleum, had its origin in 1907, when oil was discovered near the city of
5651:
5621:
4688:
3986:
926:
in 1963 over concerns that YPF would be deprived of adequate returns for its exploration investments; of the foreign firms which had taken part in the 1958 bids, only
621:, proposed to Joaquín Corvalán, governor of Salta Province, the exploitation of Salta's oil by YPF, offering 13% royalties for the province. Corvalán, allied with the
787:. The agreement was to be made official in September 1930, along with the complete nationalization of oil resources; but on 6 September 1930, Yrigoyen was deposed by
2712:
5631:
5378:
3976:
3850:
3498:
967:, however, and the US$ 470 million in added oil import costs combined with larger payrolls to erase profits in 1974, while production declined slightly. The
1777:
5646:
4458:
4453:
4438:
4433:
3981:
1838:
1234:
rejected Repsol's initial demands for payment of US$ 10.5 billion for a 57% stake in YPF (the state sought 51%), citing debts of nearly US$ 9 billion. The
4403:
3524:
3694:
2742:
2405:
2657:
5656:
5462:
4027:
3996:
3991:
3176:
2627:
1058:
Estenssoro stayed on as CEO, and further streamlined the company while expanding its reach outside Argentina, acquiring Maxus Energy Corporation of
910:
enacted policies in 1958 which granted foreign firms rental contracts by YPF over new wells to foster exploration and production. A key part of the
5636:
4770:
3343:
2954:
1724:
3114:
2249:
1150:: the national government would purchase a controlling 51% share, with ten provincial governments receiving the remaining 49%. Planning Minister
831:
ordered that the gas flared off in YPF oil extraction should instead be captured, and sold by a state company, thus establishing the sister firm
3357:
3263:
1211:
in turn approved the bill on 4 May with 208 votes out of 257 and six abstentions. The president signed the renationalization into law on 5 May.
644:, in particular from Standard Oil, which was one of the most influential foreign companies in Argentina, with a presence in Comodoro Rivadavia,
4644:
4468:
3634:
2524:
3317:
625:, rejected Mosconi's proposal, however, referring to the concept of "provincial autonomy". This refusal led Mosconi to evolve in favor of the
4052:
3616:
2847:
735:
4775:
4443:
4017:
3400:
996:
in 1981 was followed by a period of severe mismanagement, moreover. Powerful as head of the First Army Corps (which committed many of the "
846:
930:
remained. The cancellations cost US$ 50 million in indemnity payments, though they proved fortuitous after the company's discovery of the
3136:
2788:
5482:
4022:
1178:
823:
regime supported YPF, however, and its role as the nation's leading oil distillates retailer was bolstered by a 1936 agreement with the
574:
in the United States in 1923, and built not only several extracting facilities, but whole towns and cities, such as Comodoro Rivadavia;
5156:
4835:
4551:
3553:
1028:
5487:
5371:
5303:
4607:
4360:
2611:
2304:
1247:
nominal amount varying to assure that Repsol would in fact receive US$ 5 billion in compensation for the 51% of YPF nationalized.
891:, and among others Perón's point man on national oil policy, YPF head Julio Canessa, who was dismissed. The venture ended following
2980:
1135:
1117:
434:
3245:
5606:
5545:
5467:
5192:
4845:
4340:
4037:
4032:
3843:
3190:
1208:
883:
was signed in 1955 for the eventual production of up to 56 million barrels a year. These initiatives were opposed by much of the
788:
552:
412:
2560:
1108:
subsidiaries. Market analysts and Repsol blamed the decline in exploration and production on government controls on exports and
5472:
4850:
4408:
4293:
1308:
968:
859:
imported by 1954. Oil imports by 1955 rose to US$ 300 million, or over one fourth of total merchandise imports. Perón had made
626:
408:
5318:
5089:
4755:
4308:
4226:
4153:
3687:
2490:
2445:
2355:
2206:
2144:
2009:
1976:
1902:
1756:
579:
1046:
YPF nonetheless remained the 365th largest firm in the world, with sales of over US$ 4 billion in 1992. Argentine President
808:
5581:
5576:
5436:
4526:
4423:
4413:
4335:
3812:
656:
5571:
5457:
5364:
5298:
5293:
4830:
4815:
4264:
3792:
1036:
3372:
2279:
377:
exploration and production, and the transportation, refining, and marketing of gas and petroleum products. In the 2020
62:
5345:
5313:
3836:
3743:
2548:
97:
1207:
approved the takeover on 26 April with 63 votes in favor of the measure, three opposing it and four abstentions. The
1195:
The largest minority shareholder, the Petersen Group, had financed their initial purchase of 15% of the stock with a
1173:
Responses included a diplomatic offensive by Rajoy in other countries in the region, assurances by Industry Minister
824:
320:
3574:
5492:
4900:
4501:
4486:
4448:
4209:
4086:
3748:
880:
772:
764:
717:
668:
622:
5616:
5272:
4805:
4546:
4350:
3680:
1785:
1292:
1182:
1078:
993:
892:
868:
3418:
2806:
3758:
1147:
1102:
981:
955:
820:
430:
403:, who took up his charge in 1922, remaining there until 1930. During his run on the company, Mosconi advocated
5540:
985:
792:
101:
3299:
2767:
1242:
on the day of the announcement was US$ 10.4 billion. Repsol officials submitted the matter to the World Bank
5323:
5197:
4254:
4246:
4197:
4148:
4068:
3953:
3948:
3593:
3009:
1939:
1254:(the nation's largest gas distributor) in November 2012. A joint exploratory venture for the development of
935:
851:
664:
591:
297:
151:
105:
2413:
875:
contract was signed by YPF with U.S. firm Drilexco. Total exploration doubled, and significant reserves in
609:
4800:
4541:
4231:
4081:
3918:
3893:
3281:
3035:
1125:
943:
775:, which was to allow Argentina to import 250,000 tons of petroleum each year, paid by trade with leather,
760:
517:
on 3 June 1922. It was the first entirely state-run oil company in the world, the second being the French
511:
1919:
1860:
1736:
5177:
4619:
4602:
4536:
4298:
4165:
4118:
4091:
3933:
3885:
1239:
4219:
2866:
2880:
2257:
5421:
5074:
4744:
4506:
4388:
4214:
4187:
4170:
4096:
3928:
3642:
3469:
2106:
1873:
1284:
1174:
1155:
992:
The death in a helicopter crash of the firm's director, Raúl Ondarts, and the appointment of General
860:
678:
Oil nationalization became an important theme of Yrigoyen's electoral campaign of 1928, although the
514:
404:
393:
385:
359:
155:
31:
815:
The coup was lobbied for chiefly by Standard Oil, whose interests in Salta Province and neighboring
462:
5387:
5222:
5167:
5094:
4983:
4795:
4713:
4393:
4259:
3771:
3449:
1269:
1204:
1163:
1109:
939:
888:
672:
524:
366:
5069:
4491:
4101:
4001:
3859:
1351:
1277:
1216:
1120:
raised YPF frequently in speeches during March 2012, claiming that underinvestment and excessive
618:
504:
492:
378:
123:
83:
17:
2839:
2833:
2378:
5530:
5217:
4345:
4320:
4123:
4108:
3797:
2843:
2607:
2441:
2351:
2300:
2202:
2140:
2005:
1972:
1898:
1288:
1251:
1032:
1005:
687:
947:
refineries and 3,000 service stations by 1977, while production reached 118 million barrels.
5550:
5535:
5525:
5426:
5044:
4765:
4368:
4286:
4204:
4042:
3923:
3787:
3088:
1685:
1368:
1273:
1212:
1146:
as an example, the president announced the introduction of a bill on 16 April 2012, for the
911:
682:
focused their criticism on Standard Oil of New Jersey, abstaining themselves from attacking
641:
587:
389:
346:
67:
3764:
437:. The government of Argentina eventually agreed to pay $ 5 billion compensation to Repsol.
5277:
5267:
5009:
4760:
4649:
4575:
4378:
4373:
4303:
4271:
4182:
3898:
1336:
1167:
1158:, replacing CEO Sebastián Eskenazi. Repsol YPF CEO Antonio Brufau, Spanish Prime Minister
1131:
1024:
972:
907:
599:
528:
496:
481:
400:
363:
227:
5555:
2374:
2164:
1311:
in 2023 that YPF was one of the state-controlled companies that he planned to privatize.
767:. Foreseeing conflicts with US private companies, Mosconi proposed an agreement with the
3666:
2683:
2465:
5520:
5114:
5034:
5024:
5014:
4955:
4930:
4639:
4580:
4511:
4398:
4383:
4192:
4130:
3875:
3738:
2578:
1998:
1372:
1196:
1017:
964:
884:
876:
836:
683:
660:
595:
523:(CFP, French Company of Petroleum), created in 1924 by the conservative Prime Minister
441:
315:
217:
5600:
5182:
5139:
5104:
4733:
4614:
4587:
4521:
3913:
3617:"Argentina's YPF boosted oil output 3.4%, gas output 2.2% at operated fields in 2013"
3065:
1671:
1231:
1159:
1151:
1113:
1089:; YPF would represent 40% of the new firm's reserves and over 50% of its production.
1051:
864:
828:
583:
575:
91:
71:
2223:
5611:
5242:
5172:
5064:
5054:
5049:
5039:
5029:
4915:
4895:
4840:
4624:
4592:
4531:
4428:
4330:
4236:
4113:
4047:
2927:
1964:
1304:
1220:
1047:
1040:
1009:
923:
872:
840:
743:
633:
419:
236:
167:
5134:
3377:
1807:
1319:
1124:
at the firm had caused declines in output. Governors in six fossil-fuel producing
2601:
2294:
2028:
1841:
Repsol necesita que Kirchner valore YPF en 8.200 millones para evitar minusvalías
5497:
5401:
5212:
5084:
4905:
4875:
4820:
4810:
4516:
4496:
4175:
4158:
4076:
3938:
3908:
3903:
3733:
3660:
1356:
1264:
1081:
803:
500:
374:
213:
2321:
906:
An erstwhile critic of both the Drilexco and Standard Oil contracts, President
5262:
5129:
5119:
4885:
4723:
4629:
3777:
2906:
2250:"Día del petróleo: a 50 años de la batalla por la nacionalización del recurso"
1661:
1340:
1235:
1086:
919:
918:
These contracts created a controversy referred to by Frondizi himself as the "
617:
Mosconi, who had previously been in charge of the Aeronautics division of the
571:
519:
260:
2713:"Cristina presentó un proyecto para la "expropiación" de las acciones de YPF"
2630:
YPF representa cerca de la mitad de la producción y de las reservas de Repsol
5431:
5257:
4988:
4935:
4880:
4870:
4780:
4728:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4634:
4315:
3943:
3870:
3807:
3714:
3705:
3154:
2468:(in Spanish). Centro Regional de Estudios Económicos de la Patagonia Central
1665:
1259:
1255:
1143:
1128:
subsequently revoked YPF leases representing a fifth of its oil production.
997:
724:: an YPF's freight train crossing the Km. 3 district in Comodoro Rivadavia;
560:
209:
186:
173:
2658:"El Grupo Petersen ejerció la opción y aumentó 10% su participación en YPF"
53:
3318:"Argentina's YPF sells one billion dollars in 10-year bonds at 8.75% rate"
698:
686:
interests, to which Argentina's economy was closely linked (in particular
5252:
5232:
5227:
5207:
5202:
4978:
4968:
4890:
4825:
4597:
4325:
4281:
4276:
4140:
3602:
3060:
2035:
1940:"Spain's Repsol agrees to $ 5 billion settlement with Argentina over YPF"
1331:
1121:
989:
funds to ease the country's chronic and serious fiscal deficit position.
739:
637:
603:
5407:
Compañía Administradora del Mercado Mayorista Eléctrico Sociedad Anónima
4920:
4910:
4790:
4785:
4700:
3802:
2867:"Vaca Muerta, un tesoro energético escondido bajo el conflicto por YPF"
1924:
1189:
1181:'s admonition that Argentina had "shot itself in the foot" by damaging
1063:
1013:
816:
540:
532:
392:
outside of the Soviet Union, and the first state oil company to become
5356:
1725:
La creación de YPF y el desarrollo del modelo "mosconiano" (1922-1930)
1177:
of "clear and decisive" Spanish government measures, Foreign Minister
109:
5416:
5411:
5237:
5124:
5109:
5099:
5059:
4973:
3828:
3782:
3753:
3710:
3300:"Chevron, Argentina's YPF sign $ 1.24 billion Vaca Muerta shale deal"
1812:
1698:
1693:
1224:
1074:
1059:
784:
780:
564:
548:
444:, the board of directors include Matteo Reggio and Miguel Gutiérrez.
423:
381:, YPF was ranked as the 1360th -largest public company in the world.
113:
1778:"Nuestras dificultades para identificar a YPF y su propio derrotero"
1170:
at YPF had financed Repsol's expansion in other parts of the world.
707:
3635:"Argentina's YPF says oil, gas output rose in 2014 for second year"
3499:"La caída en la producción de petróleo es la más grande desde 1946"
3089:"Spanish Debt Insurance Costs at Fresh Record on Economic Concerns"
474:
5019:
4993:
4963:
4925:
4865:
4860:
4855:
3728:
3155:"Renationalised YPF Aims to Bring Self-Sufficiency in Oil and Gas"
2955:"Spain pledges decisive action against Argentina over YPF seizure"
1361:
1130:
954:
927:
863:
a policy centerpiece. YPF was granted an exemption from steep oil
845:
802:
663:
on oil. The monopoly, however, was not absolute, being limited to
649:
645:
608:
556:
544:
388:'s administration, YPF was the first oil company established as a
280:
1272:
on 16 July 2013. Following its renationalization, rapidly rising
1062:
for US$ 740 million in 1995. Estenssoro died in a plane crash in
5247:
5187:
4940:
4418:
3401:"Shares in Argentina's YPF soar as Milei hints at privatization"
1350:
YPF announced the discovery in November 2011 of an 8071 km
776:
768:
748:
536:
38:
5360:
3832:
3676:
5079:
4718:
2282:(in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados de la Nación. 20 April 2012.
2030:
Mosconi, el petróleo y la independencia integral de Sudamérica
1703:
898:
370:
231:
3561:
Centro de Investigación y Formación de la República Argentina
3137:"Eskenazi Said to Tell Brufau YPF Buyback Pact Won't Be Used"
2525:"José Estenssoro, 61, Who Led Oil Privatization in Argentina"
426:
in 1999; the resulting merged company was called Repsol YPF.
1364:
finds, fell 60% and 67% respectively between 1999 and 2011.
1339:
fell from 30 wells in 1998 to 8 in 2010 (French energy firm
1219:
with experience at both YPF and at oilfield services leader
4708:
1023:
Suárez Mason had YPF borrow heavily not only to cover such
3191:"Kicillof advirtió: No vamos a pagar lo que Repsol quiera"
720:
joined oil wells of the region until its closure in 1978.
3336:"Argentina's YPF sells $ 1.5 bln of bonds, tripling sale"
2684:"Spanish oil company Repsol ends operations in Argentina"
2464:
César V. Herrera & Marcelo García (23 January 2003).
1784:(in Spanish). Puerto Madero. 6 March 2012. Archived from
1238:
of YPF was US$ 4.4 billion at the end of 2011; its total
1085:
shares. The union of the two companies took on the name
879:
were developed. A more controversial joint venture with
1343:
overtook YPF as the leading oil driller in Argentina).
671:
but was ultimately blocked by the conservatives in the
3246:"Repsol still "open" to talks with Argentina over YPF"
3010:"Incensed Spain threatens Argentina after YPF seizure"
2928:"YPF Repsol: Spain warns Argentina of strong response"
1223:
as president of its production management division in
2224:"Contrato de Perón con la Standard Oil de California"
1727:
by Daniel Marques, Agencia Paco Urondo, 29 March 2013
1283:
In December 2019, the recently inaugurated President
1138:
announces the bill to re-nationalize YPF, April 2012.
5662:
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1922
5309:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
3373:"YPF: sale Guillermo Nielsen y entra Pablo González"
2907:"Repsol vació YPF para su expansión en otros países"
2508:
Michael Y. Yoshino & Carin-Isabel Knoop (1995).
659:
approved a law on 28 September 1928, establishing a
602:
allowed YPF to begin the production of gasoline and
5642:
Companies listed on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange
5564:
5513:
5506:
5450:
5394:
5286:
5152:
5002:
4954:
4742:
4699:
4684:
4675:
4560:
4477:
4359:
4245:
4139:
4067:
4010:
3969:
3962:
3884:
3008:Tracy Rucinski & Julien Toyer (17 April 2012).
2832:Cordesman, Anthony & Al-Rodhan, Khalid (2006).
2491:"Oil Privatization Brings $ 3 Billion in Argentina"
759:) was created on 30 December 1929, and directed by
728:: a train exhibited at the Petroleum Museum in 2013
613:
Group of YPF workers at an oil well in Chubut, 1923
503:, oil had become an important resource, leading to
411:; the latter, however, was never achieved due to a
330:
326:
314:
304:
293:
278:
258:
242:
223:
205:
192:
180:
162:
147:
129:
119:
89:
79:
3592:
2953:Emma Ross-Thomas & Ben Sills (17 April 2012).
2280:"Rincón de los Sauces, national capital of energy"
1997:
1920:"Argentina moves to seize control of Repsol's YPF"
3264:"Repsol in $ 5 Billion Settlement With Argentina"
3036:"Argentine move to seize YPF spoils Sinopec deal"
2807:"Argentina's YPF cuts computer links with Repsol"
1918:Hilary Burke & Helen Popper (17 April 2012).
871:in the sector as early as 1947, however, when an
629:in order to strengthen Argentina's independence.
527:. YPF's creation was followed by the creation of
3111:"Repsol Must Buy Eskenazi YPF Stake in '08 Deal"
3109:Ben Sills & David Voreacos (20 April 2012).
2789:"YPF expropriation endorsed by Argentine Senate"
567:(1953). Mosconi served as YPF's first director.
415:backed by, among others, foreign oil interests.
5627:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
2549:"Crash of a Gulfstream G-II In Quito: 7 Killed"
3222:"Estados Contables al 31 de Diciembre de 2011"
3216:
3214:
3212:
2835:The Global Oil Market: Risks And Uncertainties
922:," and were ultimately cancelled by President
5372:
3844:
3688:
2743:"Battle for YPF doesn't favor Spain's Repsol"
839:and what at the time was the world's longest
819:conflicted with those of YPF. The subsequent
352:
8:
3594:"YPF profits, investment, production all up"
3282:"YPF buys gas distribution company Metrogas"
1008:used by Suárez Mason and his appointees for
46:
3104:
3102:
3034:Charlie Zhu & Jim Bai (18 April 2012).
2881:"Poco a poco, YPF se va quedando sin pozos"
2603:La Recolonización: Repsol en América Latina
2243:
2241:
2092:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2023:
2021:
1832:
1830:
1027:but also at the behest of Economy Minister
5510:
5379:
5365:
5357:
4696:
4681:
3966:
3851:
3837:
3829:
3695:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3575:"Argentina's YPF Net Profit Up Almost 40%"
3061:"Argentina's energy industry: Fill 'er up"
3003:
3001:
2981:"Spain warns Argentina about YPF takeover"
2485:
2483:
2406:"El derrumbe de salarios y la plata dulce"
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1874:Quién era y qué pensaba el fundador de YPF
1332:Oil production in Argentina peaked in 1998
1291:in charge of YPF. Nielsen was replaced by
1276:levels at YPF have been funded mostly via
959:YPF business jet, Aeroparque Newbery, 1972
835:("State Gas") in 1946. The nation's first
468:First oil well in Comodoro Rivadavia, 1907
61:
52:
45:
3358:"Guillermo Nielsen asumió la Presidencia"
3113:. Bloomberg Business Week. Archived from
2579:"Producción y reservas de petróleo y gas"
2573:
2571:
2569:
2561:"Argentine Oil Chief Dies in Plane Crash"
2369:
2367:
2158:
2156:
1971:, ed. Planeta Historia y Sociedad, 2006,
1250:YPF also acquired a controlling stake in
752:revenues in 1930 reached US$ 25 million.
3548:
3546:
3464:
3462:
3455:(in Spanish). Repsol YPF. 17 April 2012.
2922:
2920:
2869:(in Spanish). 20 minutos. 17 April 2012.
2248:Eduardo Ferrari Del Sel (22 July 2008).
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2039:, 19 June 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
1382:
1318:
897:
5652:Argentine companies established in 1922
5622:Government-owned companies of Argentina
4771:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
3444:
3442:
3440:
2783:
2781:
2707:
2705:
1888:
1886:
1714:
4645:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
4404:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
3605:from the original on 11 December 2022.
3493:
3491:
3173:"Argentine president names YPF leader"
2861:
2859:
2466:"A 10 años de la privatización de YPF"
2459:
2457:
2348:Truth and Partial Justice in Argentina
2139:. University of North Carolina Press.
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1720:
1718:
934:field in 1965. Puesto Hernández, near
3419:"Argentina frena expropiación de YPF"
2736:
2734:
2551:Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives
1969:Los Mitos de la historia argentina, 3
1837:Miguel Angel Patiño (13 April 2012).
484:, on whose initiative YPF was founded
345:
37:For the Bolivian petrol company, see
7:
5632:Energy companies established in 1922
4776:China National Petroleum Corporation
2163:Fransico Conigliaro (3 April 2005).
734:Following Yrigoyen's victory in the
636:was inaugurated in December 1925 in
431:renationalization of 51% of the firm
358:; English: "Fiscal Oilfields") is a
3554:"Subexploración y Sobreexplotación"
3470:"El proyecto para nacionalizar YPF"
433:was initiated in 2012 by President
422:and was bought by the Spanish firm
418:YPF was privatized under president
413:1930 military coup against Yrigoyen
5647:Oil and gas companies of Argentina
4836:National Iranian South Oil Company
4552:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
3371:Zaiat, Alfredo (20 January 2021).
3175:. Associated Press. Archived from
2437:The Guinness Book of World Records
2222:Gustavo Calleja (1 October 2004).
2137:The Crisis of Argentine Capitalism
2107:"Presidencia de Perón (1946–1952)"
1230:Argentine Deputy Economy Minister
1020:(to which the director belonged).
1012:as well as to divert funds to the
25:
5488:National Atomic Energy Commission
5304:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
5193:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
4846:Oil & Gas Development Company
3641:. 15 January 2015. Archived from
3525:"El debate por los hidrocarburos"
3227:(in Spanish). YPF. Archived from
2404:Ismael Bermúdez (24 March 2006).
2296:The Oil Business in Latin America
2199:Oil and Politics in Latin America
1895:The Oil Business in Latin America
1367:The firm's new headquarters, the
795:, and the project was withdrawn.
354:Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales
18:Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales
5468:Argentine Interconnection System
5341:
5340:
3704:
2979:Raphael Minder (13 April 2012).
2606:(in Spanish). Icaria Editorial.
2510:Argentina's YPF Sociedad Anónima
2379:"Murió el represor Suárez Mason"
2320:Eric Ehrmann (11 January 1991).
2299:. University of Nebraska Press.
2165:"La política petrolera de Perón"
2000:Oil and Nationalism in Argentina
1861:"YPF, parte de nuestra historia"
1678:
1664:
706:
697:
520:Compagnie française des pétroles
473:
461:
384:Founded in 1922 under President
267:
266:
247:
246:
5657:Companies based in Buenos Aires
4851:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
3342:. 23 April 2015. Archived from
1323:"Elaion" motor oil brand of YPF
1188:The Chinese state oil concern,
627:nationalization of oil supplies
409:nationalization of oil supplies
5637:National oil and gas companies
5463:2006 nuclear reactivation plan
5319:Society of Petroleum Engineers
5090:Port Harcourt Refining Company
4756:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
3505:(in Spanish). 29 February 2012
2581:(in Spanish). Economy Ministry
2201:. Cambridge University Press.
2167:(in Spanish). La Patria Grande
1136:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
1118:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
505:struggles between rival powers
435:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
1:
5437:Transportadora de Gas del Sur
4265:Production sharing agreements
3813:Transportadora de Gas del Sur
2326:The Christian Science Monitor
2004:. Stanford University Press.
1179:José García-Margallo y Marfil
1016:and the fascist organization
5299:Canadian petroleum companies
5294:American Petroleum Institute
4831:National Iranian Oil Company
4816:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
3793:Sociedad Comercial del Plata
3744:Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos
2913:(in Spanish). 19 April 2012.
2741:Jim Jelter (17 April 2012).
2412:(in Spanish). Archived from
2109:(in Spanish). Todo Argentina
1029:José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz
5314:International Energy Agency
4299:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
3476:(in Spanish). 16 April 2012
3425:(in Spanish). 15 April 2012
3197:(in Spanish). 17 April 2012
2887:(in Spanish). 12 April 2012
2774:(in Spanish). 4 March 2012.
2719:(in Spanish). 16 April 2012
2638:(in Spanish). 16 April 2012
2226:(in Spanish). Impulsobaires
1142:Citing Brazilian oil giant
5678:
4901:PTT Public Company Limited
4502:East Midlands Oil Province
4487:List of natural gas fields
4087:Integrated asset modelling
3531:(in Spanish). 8 April 2012
2523:Calvin Sims (5 May 1995).
2512:. Harvard Business School.
1328:national market in these.
1154:was appointed to head the
1100:
881:Standard Oil of California
765:University of Buenos Aires
718:Comodoro Rivadavia Railway
669:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
623:Standard Oil of New Jersey
36:
29:
5336:
5273:Weatherford International
4806:Iraq National Oil Company
3866:
3724:
2096:Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.156
2084:Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.155
2066:Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.154
2054:Felipe Pigna, 2006, p.153
1375:and inaugurated in 2008.
1079:multinational corporation
1039:required a sharp rise in
951:Decline and privatization
755:The Petroleum Institute (
399:YPF's first director was
353:
124:Petroleum and natural gas
60:
51:
3759:Grupo Financiero Galicia
2664:(in Spanish). 4 May 2011
2293:John Wirth, ed. (1985).
2197:Phillip, George (1982).
1757:"YPF S.A. Form 20F 2022"
1737:Historia y futuro de YPF
1653:* excludes Maxus Energy.
1148:renationalization of YPF
1103:Renationalization of YPF
825:Automóvil Club Argentino
367:Argentine energy company
27:Argentine energy company
5607:Companies in the MERVAL
5324:World Petroleum Council
5198:China Oilfield Services
4255:Petroleum fiscal regime
3954:Western Canadian Select
3949:West Texas Intermediate
3770:Laboratorios Richmond (
3718:(as of 29 October 2021)
3579:The Wall Street Journal
3141:San Francisco Chronicle
3093:The Wall Street Journal
852:Chacarita, Buenos Aires
807:Former headquarters on
799:Energy self-sufficiency
507:to gain control of it.
298:Government of Argentina
251:US$ 18.75 billion
152:Government of Argentina
135:; 102 years ago
5483:List of power stations
4801:Indian Oil Corporation
4287:Submersible pump (ESP)
4232:Underbalanced drilling
4053:of gasoline and diesel
2600:Gavaldà, Marc (2006).
2440:. Random House. 1986.
2350:. Human Rights Watch.
1996:Solberg, Carl (1979).
1324:
1293:Pablo Gerardo González
1268:field was signed with
1139:
1037:financial deregulation
994:Guillermo Suárez Mason
960:
903:
855:
812:
757:Instituto del Petróleo
614:
512:President of Argentina
407:and starting in 1928,
343:Spanish pronunciation:
286:US$ 25.9 billion
271:US$ 2.23 billion
5178:Cameron International
4620:Petrodollar recycling
4603:fossil fuel phase-out
4166:Differential sticking
4119:Reflection seismology
4092:Petroleum engineering
3934:OPEC Reference Basket
2346:Méndez, Juan (1991).
2322:"Carlos Menem blinks"
1322:
1299:Reprivatization plans
1240:market capitalization
1227:, was appointed CEO.
1185:, and other threats.
1166:claimed in turn that
1134:
958:
901:
849:
809:Diagonal Norte Avenue
806:
612:
570:YPF bought its first
405:economic independence
394:vertically integrated
360:vertically integrated
198:Horacio Daniel Marín
5478:Hydroelectric plants
5075:Occidental Petroleum
4389:1990 oil price shock
4215:Shale oil extraction
4188:Drilling engineering
4171:Directional drilling
4097:Reservoir simulation
2135:Lewis, Paul (1990).
1893:Wirth, John (2001).
1808:"Forbes Global 2000"
1410:Natural gas reserves
1183:relations with Spain
1156:Federal intervention
986:the national airline
936:Rincón de los Sauces
861:economic nationalism
763:, the rector of the
32:YPF (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
5388:Energy in Argentina
5223:Naftiran Intertrade
5168:Amec Foster Wheeler
5095:Reliance Industries
4984:Naftiran Intertrade
4796:Hindustan Petroleum
4394:2000s energy crisis
3763:Grupo Supervielle (
3645:on 23 January 2015.
3601:. 5 November 2014.
3407:. 21 November 2023.
3288:. 29 November 2012.
3270:. 26 February 2014.
2027:Pablo Villegas N.,
1270:Chevron Corporation
1209:Chamber of Deputies
1205:Senate of Argentina
944:Juan Carlos Onganía
850:YPF gas station in
657:Chamber of Deputies
510:YPF was created by
347:['i'pe'efe]
321:Secretary of Energy
306:Number of employees
158:'s administration)
48:
5458:2004 energy crisis
5070:Marathon Petroleum
4492:List of oil fields
4102:Reservoir modeling
3860:Petroleum industry
3623:. 20 January 2014.
3503:La Política Online
3268:The New York Times
3179:on 1 January 2013.
2985:The New York Times
2529:The New York Times
2416:on 3 November 2011
1946:. 25 February 2014
1403:Petroleum reserves
1396:Natural gas output
1379:Company statistics
1371:, was designed by
1352:unconventional oil
1325:
1278:internal financing
1217:petroleum engineer
1140:
1070:Repsol acquisition
982:Argentine Railways
961:
904:
869:foreign investment
856:
813:
793:José Félix Uriburu
791:headed by General
615:
493:Comodoro Rivadavia
379:Forbes Global 2000
5594:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5541:Piedra del Águila
5422:Energía Argentina
5354:
5353:
5332:
5331:
5218:Nabors Industries
5148:
5147:
4346:Well intervention
4321:Petroleum product
4220:Ljungström method
4124:Seismic inversion
4109:Petroleum geology
4063:
4062:
3826:
3825:
3798:Telecom Argentina
3719:
3450:"YPF y Argentina"
2911:Ámbito Financiero
2849:978-0-89206-479-3
2793:The Deal Pipeline
1766:. pp. 68–69.
1654:
1647:
1646:
1435:
1431:Profits after tax
1428:
1414:
1407:
1406:(million barrels)
1400:
1393:
1392:(million barrels)
1295:in January 2021.
1289:Guillermo Nielsen
1285:Alberto Fernández
1175:José Manuel Soria
1110:prospecting lease
1097:Renationalization
1033:currency strength
1006:dummy corporation
893:Perón's overthrow
887:, the opposition
688:Royal Dutch Shell
515:Hipólito Yrigoyen
453:Early development
386:Hipólito Yrigoyen
336:
335:
289:
274:
254:
201:
156:Hipólito Yrigoyen
133:June 3, 1922
16:(Redirected from
5669:
5617:Argentine brands
5511:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5358:
5344:
5343:
5045:Hess Corporation
4766:Bharat Petroleum
4697:
4682:
4369:1967 Oil Embargo
4205:Lost circulation
4043:Posted oil price
3967:
3924:Isthmus-34 Light
3853:
3846:
3839:
3830:
3717:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3661:Official website
3647:
3646:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3581:. 7 August 2014.
3571:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3529:Tiempo Argentino
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3346:on 6 March 2016.
3332:
3326:
3325:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3234:on 20 June 2012.
3233:
3226:
3218:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3143:. 26 April 2012.
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3117:on 22 April 2012
3106:
3097:
3096:
3095:. 16 April 2012.
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2795:. 26 April 2012.
2785:
2776:
2775:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2377:(22 June 2005).
2371:
2362:
2361:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2256:. Archived from
2245:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2194:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2085:
2082:
2067:
2064:
2055:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2003:
1993:
1980:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1890:
1881:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1753:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1688:
1686:Argentina portal
1683:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1649:
1433:
1426:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1389:Petroleum output
1383:
1369:Repsol-YPF Tower
1303:President-elect
1213:Miguel Galluccio
1164:Hernán Lorenzino
1031:, whose bid for
940:Neuquén Province
932:Puesto Hernández
912:developmentalist
710:
701:
525:Raymond Poincaré
477:
465:
390:state enterprise
356:
349:
344:
287:
283:
272:
270:
269:
252:
250:
249:
199:
143:
141:
136:
114:MERVAL component
84:Sociedad Anónima
68:Repsol-YPF Tower
65:
56:
49:
21:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5586:
5560:
5536:Néstor Kirchner
5502:
5446:
5390:
5385:
5355:
5350:
5328:
5282:
5278:John Wood Group
5268:Valaris Limited
5161:
5158:
5155:
5144:
5010:APA Corporation
4998:
4950:
4749:
4746:
4738:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4677:
4671:
4572:Classification
4556:
4479:
4473:
4409:Nationalization
4379:1979 oil crisis
4374:1973 oil crisis
4355:
4341:Water injection
4309:Steam injection
4304:Gas reinjection
4272:Artificial lift
4241:
4183:Drill stem test
4135:
4059:
4006:
3958:
3880:
3862:
3857:
3827:
3822:
3720:
3703:
3701:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3650:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3599:Financial Times
3591:
3590:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3324:. 3 April 2014.
3316:
3315:
3311:
3306:. 16 July 2013.
3298:
3297:
3293:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3069:. 19 April 2012
3059:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2934:. 17 April 2012
2926:
2925:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2813:. 22 April 2012
2805:
2804:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2497:. 29 June 1993.
2495:Chicago Tribune
2489:
2488:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2260:on 19 June 2010
2247:
2246:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2134:
2133:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2026:
2019:
2012:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1897:. Beard Books.
1892:
1891:
1884:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1652:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:(billion cu ft)
1411:
1404:
1399:(billion cu ft)
1397:
1390:
1381:
1337:Oil exploration
1317:
1301:
1215:, an Argentine
1168:asset stripping
1105:
1099:
1072:
1025:asset stripping
973:March 1976 coup
971:installed in a
953:
908:Arturo Frondizi
902:Former YPF logo
801:
789:a military coup
732:
731:
730:
729:
713:
712:
711:
703:
702:
665:oil exploration
600:Bethlehem Steel
592:General Mosconi
489:
488:
487:
486:
485:
482:Enrique Mosconi
478:
470:
469:
466:
455:
450:
401:Enrique Mosconi
342:
307:
279:
263:
235:
230:
216:
212:
195:
183:
176:
170:
139:
137:
134:
112:
104:
94:
75:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5675:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5599:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5531:Jorge Cepernic
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5473:Electric power
5470:
5465:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5361:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5115:Surgutneftegas
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5035:Eneos Holdings
5032:
5027:
5025:ConocoPhillips
5022:
5017:
5015:Cenovus Energy
5012:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4956:Energy trading
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4694:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4640:Swing producer
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4512:Gulf of Mexico
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4399:2010s oil glut
4396:
4391:
4386:
4384:1980s oil glut
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4251:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4193:Drilling fluid
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4131:Seismic source
4128:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Japan Cocktail
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3876:Primary energy
3873:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3654:
3653:External links
3651:
3649:
3648:
3626:
3608:
3584:
3566:
3542:
3516:
3487:
3458:
3436:
3410:
3392:
3363:
3349:
3327:
3309:
3291:
3273:
3255:
3237:
3208:
3182:
3164:
3146:
3128:
3098:
3080:
3052:
3026:
2997:
2971:
2959:Bloomberg News
2945:
2916:
2898:
2872:
2855:
2848:
2824:
2798:
2777:
2759:
2730:
2701:
2675:
2649:
2619:
2612:
2592:
2565:
2553:
2541:
2515:
2500:
2479:
2453:
2446:
2427:
2396:
2363:
2356:
2338:
2312:
2305:
2285:
2271:
2237:
2214:
2207:
2178:
2152:
2145:
2120:
2098:
2086:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2017:
2010:
1981:
1957:
1931:
1910:
1903:
1882:
1866:
1852:
1826:
1799:
1788:on 17 May 2012
1769:
1741:
1739:on YPF website
1729:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1675:
1659:
1656:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1316:
1313:
1300:
1297:
1114:price controls
1101:Main article:
1098:
1095:
1071:
1068:
1050:initiated the
1035:and policy of
965:1973 oil shock
952:
949:
895:in September.
877:Salta Province
865:import tariffs
837:gas compressor
833:Gas del Estado
800:
797:
771:state company
736:1928 elections
715:
714:
705:
704:
696:
695:
694:
693:
692:
684:British Empire
661:state monopoly
632:The first YPF
479:
472:
471:
467:
460:
459:
458:
457:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
334:
333:
328:
324:
323:
318:
312:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
295:
291:
290:
284:
276:
275:
264:
259:
256:
255:
244:
240:
239:
234:transportation
225:
221:
220:
218:Petrochemicals
207:
203:
202:
196:
193:
190:
189:
184:
181:
178:
177:
172:
166:
164:
160:
159:
149:
145:
144:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
95:
90:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
66:
58:
57:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5674:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:Hydroelectric
5512:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5493:Nuclear power
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5427:Pampa Energía
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5382:
5377:
5375:
5370:
5368:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5347:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5151:
5141:
5140:Valero Energy
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5105:Suncor Energy
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4741:
4735:
4734:TotalEnergies
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4683:
4680:
4678:organisations
4676:Companies and
4674:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:Petrocurrency
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Oil shale gas
4586:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4568:Abbreviations
4566:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4527:Permian Basin
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4464:United States
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Seven Sisters
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Core sampling
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Indian Basket
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Pampa Energía
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3716:
3713:Companies of
3712:
3707:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3668:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3563:. March 2012.
3562:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3252:. 9 May 2013.
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3161:. 4 May 2012.
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3066:The Economist
3062:
3056:
3053:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3015:
3011:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2946:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2825:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2690:. 23 May 2014
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2613:9788474266214
2609:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2593:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:Seoane, María
2370:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2306:9781587981036
2302:
2298:
2297:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1787:
1783:
1782:Nova Nacional
1779:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1676:
1673:
1672:Energy portal
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:(million USD)
1430:
1427:(million USD)
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1307:stated after
1306:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:Axel Kicillof
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1197:vendor's loan
1193:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:Mariano Rajoy
1157:
1153:
1152:Julio de Vido
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1052:privatization
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
987:
983:
977:
974:
970:
966:
957:
950:
948:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
913:
909:
900:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
853:
848:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
810:
805:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:Ricardo Rojas
758:
753:
750:
745:
744:agrochemicals
741:
737:
727:
723:
719:
709:
700:
691:
689:
685:
681:
680:Yrigoyenistas
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Plaza Huincul
581:
577:
576:Caleta Olivia
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
516:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
483:
476:
464:
452:
447:
445:
443:
440:According to
438:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
369:, engaged in
368:
365:
361:
357:
355:
348:
340:
332:
329:
325:
322:
319:
317:
313:
309:
303:
299:
296:
292:
285:
282:
277:
265:
262:
257:
245:
241:
238:
233:
229:
228:Fuel stations
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
208:
204:
197:
191:
188:
185:
179:
175:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
88:
85:
82:
78:
73:
72:Puerto Madero
69:
64:
59:
55:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5551:Salto Grande
5507:Power plants
5441:
5243:Schlumberger
5173:Baker Hughes
5065:Marathon Oil
5055:Imperial Oil
5050:Husky Energy
5040:Galp Energia
5030:Devon Energy
4945:
4916:Saudi Aramco
4896:Petrovietnam
4841:NNPC Limited
4745:National oil
4625:Petrofiction
4593:Orphan wells
4561:Other topics
4532:Persian Gulf
4459:Saudi Arabia
4429:Standard Oil
4237:Well logging
4114:Petrophysics
3817:
3643:the original
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3598:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3533:. Retrieved
3528:
3519:
3507:. Retrieved
3502:
3478:. Retrieved
3473:
3427:. Retrieved
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3381:(in Spanish)
3376:
3366:
3352:
3344:the original
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3229:the original
3199:. Retrieved
3194:
3185:
3177:the original
3167:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3115:the original
3092:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3064:
3055:
3043:. Retrieved
3039:
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
3013:
2988:. Retrieved
2984:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2958:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2931:
2910:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2884:
2875:
2834:
2827:
2815:. Retrieved
2810:
2801:
2792:
2771:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2746:
2721:. Retrieved
2716:
2692:. Retrieved
2687:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2661:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2636:El Periódico
2635:
2629:
2622:
2602:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2556:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2470:. Retrieved
2438:
2435:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2414:the original
2409:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2385:(in Spanish)
2382:
2347:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2325:
2315:
2295:
2288:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:the original
2253:
2228:. Retrieved
2217:
2198:
2169:. Retrieved
2136:
2111:. Retrieved
2101:
2041:(in Spanish)
2034:
2029:
1999:
1968:
1965:Felipe Pigna
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1923:
1913:
1894:
1880:, 3 May 2012
1877:
1869:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1817:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:the original
1781:
1772:
1763:
1732:
1648:
1366:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1330:
1326:
1309:his election
1305:Javier Milei
1302:
1282:
1263:
1249:
1229:
1221:Schlumberger
1202:
1194:
1187:
1172:
1141:
1112:awards, and
1106:
1091:
1073:
1057:
1048:Carlos Menem
1045:
1041:foreign debt
1022:
1010:embezzlement
1002:Sol Petróleo
1001:
991:
978:
969:dictatorship
962:
931:
924:Arturo Illia
917:
905:
873:oil drilling
857:
841:gas pipeline
832:
814:
756:
754:
733:
725:
721:
679:
677:
654:
634:oil refinery
631:
616:
569:
559:(1950), and
518:
509:
499:. Following
490:
439:
428:
420:Carlos Menem
417:
398:
383:
351:
338:
337:
281:Total assets
237:Oil refining
168:Buenos Aires
163:Headquarters
80:Company type
43:
5498:Vaca Muerta
5402:Camuzzi Gas
5213:Halliburton
5085:Phillips 66
4906:QatarEnergy
4876:Petrobangla
4811:KazMunayGas
4701:Supermajors
4650:heavy crude
4537:Prudhoe Bay
4517:Niger Delta
4497:Caspian Sea
4260:Concessions
4210:Measurement
4176:Geosteering
4159:Squeeze job
4069:Exploration
4018:Consumption
3977:Consumption
3970:Natural gas
3899:Bonny Light
3749:Cablevisión
3734:Banco Macro
3385:15 December
3250:BN Americas
2747:Marketwatch
1424:Net revenue
1419:exploratory
1373:César Pelli
1357:Vaca Muerta
1265:Vaca Muerta
1082:Repsol S.A.
821:Concordance
501:World War I
364:state-owned
362:, majority
350:, formerly
214:Natural gas
200:(president)
182:Area served
5601:Categories
5546:Rio Grande
5263:Transocean
5130:Tullow Oil
5120:TechnipFMC
4886:PetroChina
4724:ExxonMobil
4630:Shale band
4507:East Texas
4480:and fields
4294:Downstream
4247:Production
4154:Completion
4082:Geophysics
4023:Production
3982:Production
3919:Indonesian
3894:Argus Sour
3886:Benchmarks
3778:Loma Negra
3322:Mercopress
2838:. p.
2694:18 October
2447:0806902728
2357:0938579347
2254:La Capital
2208:052123865X
2146:0807843563
2011:0804709858
1977:9504915442
1904:1587981033
1819:31 October
1710:References
1341:Total S.A.
1315:Operations
1274:investment
1236:book value
1087:Repsol YPF
920:oil battle
829:Juan Perón
580:Santa Cruz
261:Net income
194:Key people
140:1922-06-03
5577:Atucha II
5526:El Chocón
5432:Transener
5395:Companies
5258:TC Energy
5159:companies
4989:Trafigura
4936:Sonatrach
4881:Petrobras
4871:Pertamina
4781:Ecopetrol
4747:companies
4691:companies
4689:petroleum
4665:tight oil
4660:oil shale
4655:oil sands
4635:Shale gas
4576:sweet oil
4547:Venezuela
4522:North Sea
4478:Provinces
4469:Venezuela
4316:Midstream
4011:Petroleum
3871:Petroleum
3808:Transener
3715:Argentina
3378:Página/12
3286:World Oil
2885:Página/12
2772:Página/12
2717:Info News
1878:Página/12
1847:Expansión
1792:3 January
1518:1999–2001
1260:shale gas
1256:tight oil
1144:Petrobras
1126:provinces
1122:dividends
998:Dirty War
561:Petrobras
442:Bloomberg
210:Petroleum
187:Argentina
174:Argentina
92:Traded as
5572:Atucha I
5556:Yacyretá
5346:Category
5253:Subsea 7
5233:Petrofac
5228:NOV Inc.
5208:GE Power
5203:Enbridge
5157:services
4979:Mercuria
4969:Glencore
4931:Sonangol
4891:Petronas
4826:Naftogaz
4598:Peak oil
4581:sour oil
4336:Upstream
4331:Refining
4326:Pipeline
4282:Pumpjack
4277:Gas lift
4198:invasion
4141:Drilling
4028:Reserves
3987:Reserves
3603:Archived
3535:20 April
3509:20 April
3480:20 April
3474:El Mundo
3429:20 April
3201:20 April
3159:IPS News
3121:20 April
3073:20 April
3045:20 April
3019:20 April
2990:20 April
2964:20 April
2938:20 April
2932:BBC News
2891:20 April
2752:20 April
2723:20 April
2688:BBC News
2668:20 April
2642:20 April
2585:20 April
2534:20 April
2472:20 April
2420:20 April
2389:20 April
2331:20 April
2264:20 April
2230:20 April
2171:20 April
2113:20 April
2036:Bolpress
1979:, p. 152
1658:See also
1252:Metrogas
740:kerosene
638:La Plata
604:kerosene
551:(1938),
543:(1936),
535:(1931),
480:General
339:YPF S.A.
224:Services
206:Products
120:Industry
47:YPF S.A.
5582:Embalse
5565:Nuclear
5521:Alicurá
4921:Sinopec
4911:Rosneft
4791:Gazprom
4786:Equinor
4714:Chevron
4361:History
4227:Tracers
4149:Blowout
4038:Exports
4033:Imports
3997:Exports
3992:Imports
3803:Ternium
3639:Reuters
3621:Platt's
3423:Perú 21
3405:Reuters
3340:Reuters
3304:Reuters
3040:Reuters
3014:Reuters
2811:Reuters
2662:InfoBae
1950:19 June
1944:Reuters
1925:Reuters
1596:2008–10
1570:2005–07
1544:2002–04
1492:1996–98
1466:1993–95
1354:field,
1262:at the
1190:Sinopec
1077:-based
1064:Ecuador
1014:Contras
817:Bolivia
588:Neuquén
541:Bolivia
533:Uruguay
448:History
331:ypf.com
327:Website
243:Revenue
148:Founder
138: (
130:Founded
108::
5451:Topics
5417:Edesur
5412:Edenor
5287:Others
5238:Saipem
5135:Tüpraş
5125:TNK-BP
5110:Sunoco
5100:Repsol
5060:Lukoil
5003:Others
4974:Gunvor
4608:timing
4542:Russia
4454:Norway
4439:France
4434:Canada
3783:Mirgor
3754:Edenor
3711:MERVAL
3195:Clarín
2846:
2768:"Cash"
2610:
2444:
2410:Clarín
2383:Clarín
2354:
2303:
2205:
2143:
2008:
1975:
1901:
1876:by on
1863:. YPF.
1813:Forbes
1699:Bridas
1694:Enarsa
1225:London
1075:Madrid
1060:Dallas
854:(1951)
811:(1938)
785:mutton
781:tannin
773:Amtorg
769:Soviet
673:Senate
648:, and
642:trusts
590:; and
572:tanker
565:Brazil
549:Mexico
497:Chubut
424:Repsol
316:Parent
310:23,471
288:(2022)
273:(2022)
253:(2022)
74:, 2010
5154:Major
5020:Cepsa
4994:Vitol
4964:Enron
4926:SOCAR
4866:Pemex
4861:PDVSA
4856:Orlen
4821:Lotos
4761:ANCAP
4729:Shell
4686:Major
4444:India
4048:Price
4002:Price
3944:Urals
3939:Tapis
3909:Dubai
3904:Brent
3729:Aluar
3557:(PDF)
3453:(PDF)
3232:(PDF)
3225:(PDF)
2817:2 May
1760:(PDF)
1643:1289
1640:13795
1617:1219
1614:10531
1591:1527
1565:1455
1530:10472
1452:10918
1421:wells
1362:shale
1244:ICISD
928:Amoco
726:right
650:Salta
646:Jujuy
596:Salta
557:Chile
545:Pemex
529:ANCAP
300:(51%)
294:Owner
5248:Snam
5188:CH2M
4941:TPAO
4449:Iraq
4419:OPEC
4414:GECF
3963:Data
3739:BBVA
3537:2012
3511:2012
3482:2012
3431:2012
3387:2021
3203:2012
3123:2012
3075:2012
3047:2012
3021:2012
2992:2012
2966:2012
2940:2012
2893:2012
2844:ISBN
2819:2012
2754:2012
2725:2012
2696:2021
2670:2012
2644:2012
2608:ISBN
2587:2012
2536:2012
2474:2012
2442:ISBN
2422:2012
2391:2012
2352:ISBN
2333:2012
2301:ISBN
2266:2012
2232:2012
2203:ISBN
2173:2012
2141:ISBN
2115:2012
2006:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1952:2015
1899:ISBN
1821:2020
1794:2022
1651:IMF.
1637:n.a.
1634:3695
1622:2011
1608:3805
1588:8544
1582:4739
1562:5974
1556:7923
1553:1255
1539:842
1536:7806
1527:1592
1513:758
1510:5854
1504:9812
1501:1458
1487:693
1484:4445
1478:8965
1475:1136
1461:271
1458:4094
1449:1029
1440:1992
1386:Year
1287:put
1258:and
1203:The
1004:, a
984:and
885:Army
783:and
777:wool
749:Esso
742:and
722:Left
716:The
655:The
619:Army
553:ENAP
537:YPFB
429:The
373:and
106:NYSE
102:YPFD
98:BCBA
39:YPFB
5612:YPF
5442:YPF
5183:CGG
5080:OMV
4946:YPF
4719:Eni
3818:YPF
2840:126
2563:UPI
1764:YPF
1704:YCF
1631:583
1628:441
1625:100
1605:601
1602:544
1599:111
1579:677
1576:651
1573:127
1550:631
1547:154
1524:606
1521:173
1498:490
1495:182
1472:423
1469:130
1446:493
1443:101
1417:New
889:UCR
690:).
594:in
586:in
578:in
563:in
555:in
547:in
539:in
531:in
495:in
375:gas
371:oil
232:LNG
110:YPF
70:in
5603::
4709:BP
4351:XT
3772:es
3765:es
3637:.
3619:.
3597:.
3577:.
3559:.
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2047:^
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1984:^
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1762:.
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1455:17
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2211:.
2175:.
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1928:.
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