206:
27:
239:, arrived to Yanaca and decreed that the towns should be separated and formed into independent communities. It is supposed that the town of Yanaca that exists today was created at the end of the 16th or beginning of the 17th century, although Yanaca was previously a group of separate towns scattered throughout the valley.
184:, on the other hand, says that almost 6,000 of the Yana were executed by the Inca. Pedros José Rios Velazques supposes that this last version could be the closest to the truth given that, during the reign of Pachacutec, the rebels moved away towards the Andean towns that were farther from Cuzco, the capital.
228:
It is believed that the
Spanish first settled in the town of Parangay, next to Yanaca. Today, one can still see ruins of the first church that was constructed there. This church was built from stone and adobe. It is located between the town of Parangay and the ruins of Chacha-calla, another pre-Incan
280:
are the two primary deities of Yanaca's Apus, creating all the rest of Yanaca's apus. These deities controlled aspects of nature, like the rain and the harvest, but also fertility, illness, accidents, etc. There were rites carried out for the Apus like eh "tinka" or the "despacho" at certain times,
114:
It is extremely difficult to know when the first inhabitants arrived in Yanaca. Increasing the number of archeological expeditions could help to obtain more information about the origin of the ancient Yana peoples. Through archeological studies carried out at other sites, it was concluded that the
306:, Peruvian Minister of Culture since September 2010, carried out a study in 1996 of the Yanaca people, including their traditions and their pre-Incan history. Doctor R. Tom Zuidema carried out studies about the Inca and mentioned Yanaca, stating that the Rimacvillca group belonged to this people.
173:
During the absolute rule of the Inca, it seemed, according to some authors, that the Yanas had submitted to the Incas, although the term "slavery" is not used. Many authors have tried to study the Yanas' culture during the Incan era, but many questions remain unanswered. For example, authors like
293:
Condorccarcca is a mountain located to the north east of Yanaca. It seems to have been a ceremonial site for the towns in the surrounding area. It might have served as an observatory, and the shade of the mountains protecting the valley could have signaled the agricultural cycles, solstices, and
187:
According to Murra (1983) and
Garcilaso (1960), the Yanas could have benefited from their minority status within the Incan social hierarchy, taking on jobs at the noble court like carpentry, cooking, water carrier, sweeper, etc.
232:
The information that we have from this era indicates that there was an important level of population density in the Yanaca valley at this time. A census carried out in 1572 registered 30,000 people.
197:
The political division of Incan territory is better known today. Various sources have shown that the province of
Aymaraes was divided into four sub-provinces. Yanaca was one of these sub-provinces.
575:
170:
and, later on, his brother Aunque Tito Capac
Yupanqui and the Chocce Incas. They traveled through a place called Yawarrco along the Atun Paqcha road, which still exists today.
2308:
194:
also confirms this theory. His investigation led to the discovery that Yanaca was a city that had an important role in Incan social, political, and religious organization.
210:
Parancay Church: the first church constructed by the
Spanish in the 16th century. Located near the town of Chacha-Callas, this church is made of stone and adobe.
568:
2298:
561:
510:
860:
1800:
810:
518:
272:
are deities represented by the mountains. In Yanaca, the Apus are called Tunay Kassa, CĂłndor Carca, Solimana, Sara Sara, etc.
1750:
1555:
1905:
1500:
985:
740:
735:
584:
522:
1395:
1010:
163:
1655:
1540:
680:
670:
2185:
1635:
1385:
175:
2259:
2100:
1795:
1585:
225:
of the indigenous people from the entire Incan Empire. Yanaca was colonized by the
Spanish a few years later.
181:
1645:
1390:
710:
1510:
1505:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1300:
1085:
1055:
645:
1740:
2303:
1885:
1780:
1295:
1070:
1000:
650:
1435:
166:
from 1350–1400, these Yana tribes voluntarily subjected themselves to the colonizing forces of the Incan
2060:
1290:
1205:
1115:
1105:
1065:
336:
Sarmiento de Gamboa (1572, p. 192), Rostworowski (1953), Villar
Cordova (1966) y Mura (1975, cap. VIII).
154:
before the Incan invasion. Various authors have also mentioned the presence of the Yanas in the region.
2115:
1730:
1050:
730:
1940:
1255:
965:
2235:
2170:
2010:
1995:
1790:
1770:
1625:
1305:
1250:
1060:
970:
760:
720:
600:
2055:
2200:
1695:
1660:
1425:
1235:
1080:
940:
910:
870:
795:
755:
675:
303:
98:
1420:
1895:
1690:
1550:
1210:
1110:
273:
127:
1735:
1155:
865:
805:
620:
1920:
835:
700:
610:
2015:
1945:
1630:
1590:
1455:
1230:
1135:
1120:
950:
800:
685:
236:
216:
86:
44:
875:
2245:
2110:
2105:
2070:
2035:
1965:
1785:
1515:
1275:
1260:
1195:
1175:
1005:
935:
605:
178:
describe the Yana as the Incas' servants. Others say that the Yanas simply helped the Inca.
205:
2225:
1980:
1970:
1650:
1360:
1330:
1220:
1125:
1040:
895:
151:
90:
82:
48:
40:
2175:
2165:
2075:
1865:
1845:
1335:
1130:
880:
147:
93:. These towns were located in the area surrounding the present-day town of Yanaca in the
2220:
2180:
2080:
2030:
1670:
1620:
1465:
1440:
1415:
960:
905:
191:
131:
2292:
2210:
1810:
1710:
1520:
1245:
1240:
1165:
1075:
1015:
945:
890:
725:
695:
635:
221:
139:
135:
130:
had settled the area, there were various peoples that populated the region, like the
26:
2125:
1775:
1705:
1680:
1640:
1320:
1180:
1025:
955:
900:
790:
785:
780:
1545:
995:
665:
2215:
2155:
2145:
2090:
1975:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1765:
1755:
1665:
1615:
1580:
1485:
1480:
1380:
1350:
1340:
1325:
1315:
1270:
1200:
1170:
1095:
1020:
980:
975:
915:
885:
640:
615:
167:
553:
2195:
2150:
2120:
2025:
1990:
1935:
1870:
1855:
1840:
1815:
1745:
1725:
1595:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1535:
1530:
1445:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1310:
1225:
1100:
1090:
930:
925:
920:
840:
830:
820:
775:
765:
750:
630:
116:
2274:
2261:
2140:
2135:
2095:
2065:
2040:
2000:
1930:
1890:
1850:
1825:
1805:
1760:
1715:
1685:
1525:
1495:
1490:
1475:
1470:
1460:
1160:
1140:
1045:
845:
815:
745:
705:
660:
282:
277:
2005:
1985:
1880:
1030:
2190:
1960:
1875:
1860:
1830:
1610:
1605:
1575:
1280:
1215:
1150:
1035:
855:
770:
690:
655:
248:
143:
120:
2050:
2045:
1835:
1700:
1675:
1450:
1345:
1285:
1265:
990:
850:
2130:
2085:
2020:
1955:
1820:
1600:
1430:
1190:
1185:
825:
625:
595:
251:, they were constructed by pre-Incan peoples for farming, especially
302:
Very few studies have been conducted in this region of Peru. Doctor
506:, Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, 1980 (written between 1584 and 1615)
500:, Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, 1980 (written between 1584 and 1615)
494:, Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, 1944 (written between 1584 and 1615)
2240:
2205:
2160:
1950:
1720:
715:
252:
204:
94:
62:
247:
Although there are various myths surrounding the creation of the
1145:
269:
52:
557:
235:
In 1720, Don Juan de Beytia, a magistrate sent by
Spanish King
81:
is a group of ancient, pre-Incan towns located in Peru in
115:
first settlers probably arrived from Asia around 2,000
68:
58:
36:
281:especially at the start of the sowing season. The
530:Parentesco, reciprocidad y jerarquĂa en los Andes
150:, in the country of the Chancas, they spoke the
268:According to the ancient Andean religion, the
569:
298:Anthropological and Historical Work in Yanaca
8:
255:. People there still use this method today.
19:
550:, MarĂa Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, 1996.
514:, Cabello de Balboa, 1952 (written in 1586)
576:
562:
554:
391:de Ayala, Felipe Guamán Poma (1604–1606).
285:and Pacha tierra were similarly revered.
25:
18:
2309:Archaeological sites in ApurĂmac Region
492:El primer nueva crĂłnica y buen gobierno
314:
229:city belonging to the Yanaca district.
215:In 1840, after the defeat of the Inca,
31:Ruins of a house in Tunay Q'asa village
376:de Espinosa, Antonio Vázquez (1874).
123:), according to José Rios Velazquez.
119:, settling in the area of Pacaicasa (
7:
451:Velasquez, Pedros José Rios (2000).
436:Velasquez, Pedros José Rios (2000).
421:Velasquez, Pedros José Rios (2000).
406:Velasquez, Pedros José Rios (2000).
361:Velasquez, Pedros José Rios (2000).
346:Velazques, Pedros José Rios (2000).
322:Velazques, Pedros José Rios (2000).
486:, Pedros José Rios Velasquez, 2000
14:
259:Other Aspects of Ancient Culture
519:Comentarios reales de los incas
1:
1801:Quriwayrachina, La ConvenciĂłn
526:, Garcilaso de la Vega, 1960.
498:Nueva crĂłnica y buen gobierno
162:According to the writings of
142:. According to archaeologist
2299:Archaeological sites in Peru
585:Archaeological sites in Peru
548:Estructura andinas del poder
97:mountain range, between the
1906:Tampu Mach'ay, Huancavelica
544:, Franklin Pease G. Y. 1995
538:, Franklin Pease G. Y. 1994
164:Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala
16:Archaeological site in Peru
2325:
1501:Ă‘awpallaqta, Huanca Sancos
986:Huamanmarca, La ConvenciĂłn
380:(in Spanish). p. 663.
591:
523:Historia general del PerĂş
468:The Ceque System of Cuzco
455:(in Spanish). p. 19.
440:(in Spanish). p. 24.
425:(in Spanish). p. 59.
410:(in Spanish). p. 14.
365:(in Spanish). p. 52.
350:(in Spanish). p. 33.
326:(in Spanish). p. 31.
24:
2101:Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas
1796:Quriwayrachina, Ayacucho
1656:Pumamarka, San Sebastián
1586:Pirca Pirca, La Libertad
542:Las crĂłnicas y los Andes
532:, Juan Ossio Acuña, 1992
182:Miguel Cabello de Balboa
1301:Llaqta Qulluy, Tayacaja
1086:Inka Wasi, Huancavelica
1946:The Toads of Wiraqucha
1396:Mawk'allaqta, La UniĂłn
1386:Mawk'allaqta, Castilla
1296:Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca
1071:Inka Tampu, Vilcabamba
511:Misceláneas antárticas
212:
2275:14.21778°S 73.14111°W
2061:Ventanillas de Otuzco
1646:Pukara, Vilcas Huamán
1391:Mawk'allaqta, Espinar
1291:Llaqta Qulluy, Acoria
1206:Kunturmarka, Ayacucho
1116:Inti Watana, Urubamba
1106:Inti Watana, Ayacucho
1066:Inka Tampu, Huayopata
536:Historia de los incas
484:Yanaca en la historia
466:Zuimeda, Reinel Tom.
453:Yanaca en la historia
438:Yanaca en la historia
423:Yanaca en la historia
408:Yanaca en la historia
363:Yanaca en la historia
348:Yanaca en la historia
324:Yanaca en la historia
208:
2280:-14.21778; -73.14111
2236:Yanaqi - Qillqamarka
1791:Quriwayrachina, Anta
1511:Ă‘awpallaqta, Lucanas
1506:Ă‘awpallaqta, Fajardo
1411:Mawk'allaqta, Sandia
1406:Mawk'allaqta, Paruro
1401:Mawk'allaqta, Melgar
1306:Llaqta Qulluy, Vilca
1251:Laguna de las Momias
1061:Inka Raqay, Ayacucho
1056:Inka Raqay, ApurĂmac
646:Awkimarka (ApurĂmac)
601:Ahuila Gencha Machay
504:Primer nueva crĂłnica
2271: /
1886:Soro Mik'aya Patjxa
1781:Qurimarka, ApurĂmac
1696:Purunllacta, Soloco
1661:Pumamarka, Urubamba
1081:Inka Wasi, Ayacucho
1001:Huaycán de Pariachi
796:Choquequirao Puquio
756:Chauchilla Cemetery
651:Awkimarka (Huánuco)
101:and Suni regions.
21:
2116:Wanakawri, Huánuco
1691:Purunllacta, Cheto
1551:Paracas Candelabra
1211:Kunturmarka, Pasco
1111:Inti Watana, Calca
213:
128:Incan civilization
2254:
2253:
1631:Pukara, Coporaque
1591:Pirca Pirca, Lima
951:Huaca Huallamarca
761:ChavĂn de Huantar
217:Francisco Pizzaro
138:, Aucarunas, and
87:Aymaraes Province
76:
75:
45:Aymaraes Province
2316:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2111:Wanakawri, Cusco
2106:Wamanmarka, Lima
1941:Templo del Zorro
1786:Qurimarka, Cusco
1276:Llamachayuq Qaqa
1256:Lauricocha Caves
1236:K'allapayuq Urqu
1221:Kusichaka valley
966:Huaca San Marcos
941:Huaca del DragĂłn
936:Huaca de la Luna
606:Amaru Marka Wasi
578:
571:
564:
555:
472:
471:
463:
457:
456:
448:
442:
441:
433:
427:
426:
418:
412:
411:
403:
397:
396:
388:
382:
381:
373:
367:
366:
358:
352:
351:
343:
337:
334:
328:
327:
319:
304:Juan Ossio Acuña
201:Spanish Conquest
29:
22:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2289:
2288:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2226:Wiraqucha Pirqa
1971:Toquepala Caves
1736:Qillqay Mach'ay
1636:Pukara, Fajardo
1361:Marcahuamachuco
1331:Machu Pitumarka
1156:Jisk'a Iru Muqu
1126:Intini Uyu Pata
1041:Incahuasi, Lima
971:Huaca Santa Ana
896:Guitarrero Cave
721:Caves of Sumbay
621:Asiru Phat'jata
587:
582:
480:
475:
465:
464:
460:
450:
449:
445:
435:
434:
430:
420:
419:
415:
405:
404:
400:
390:
389:
385:
375:
374:
370:
360:
359:
355:
345:
344:
340:
335:
331:
321:
320:
316:
312:
300:
291:
266:
261:
245:
203:
160:
158:Incan Conquests
152:Aymara language
112:
107:
91:Yanaca District
83:Apurimac Region
49:Apurimac Region
41:Yanaca District
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2181:Wayna Tawqaray
2178:
2173:
2171:Wat'a, Huánuco
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Viracochapampa
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2056:Venado cautivo
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2031:Usnu, Ayacucho
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Uchkus Inkañan
2013:
2011:T'uqu T'uquyuq
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Khuchi Mach'ay
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Intiyuq K'uchu
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
961:Huaca Pucllana
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
906:Hatun Misapata
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
736:Cerro Trinidad
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
592:
589:
588:
583:
581:
580:
573:
566:
558:
552:
551:
545:
539:
533:
527:
515:
507:
501:
495:
488:
487:
479:
476:
474:
473:
458:
443:
428:
413:
398:
383:
368:
353:
338:
329:
313:
311:
308:
299:
296:
290:
287:
265:
262:
260:
257:
244:
241:
202:
199:
192:R. Tom Zuidema
159:
156:
111:
108:
106:
103:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2321:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:Ruins in Peru
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2247:
2246:Yuraq Mach'ay
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Usnu, Huánuco
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
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1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1811:Qhapaq Kancha
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Puyupatamarca
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
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1649:
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1644:
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1639:
1637:
1634:
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1629:
1627:
1624:
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1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Ollantaytambo
1519:
1517:
1516:Ă‘usta Hispana
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:La Otra Banda
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:Killa Mach'ay
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Inka Tunuwiri
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1016:Huayna Picchu
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Huánuco Pampa
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
946:Huaca del Sol
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
911:Hatun Rumiyoc
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
891:Guellayhuasin
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:El Cañoncillo
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
696:Cajamarquilla
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:Baths of Boza
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:Auquilohuagra
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
590:
586:
579:
574:
572:
567:
565:
560:
559:
556:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
489:
485:
482:
481:
477:
470:. p. 82.
469:
462:
459:
454:
447:
444:
439:
432:
429:
424:
417:
414:
409:
402:
399:
395:(in Spanish).
394:
387:
384:
379:
372:
369:
364:
357:
354:
349:
342:
339:
333:
330:
325:
318:
315:
309:
307:
305:
297:
295:
289:Condorccarcca
288:
286:
284:
279:
275:
271:
263:
258:
256:
254:
250:
242:
240:
238:
233:
230:
226:
224:
223:
222:Repartimiento
218:
211:
207:
200:
198:
195:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
177:
171:
169:
165:
157:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
110:Pre-Incan Era
109:
104:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
2256:
2230:
2176:Wayna Q'inti
2166:Wat'a, Cusco
2126:Waqra Pukara
2076:Vilcashuamán
1846:Sacsayhuamán
1776:Quri Winchus
1706:Pusuquy Pata
1681:Puqin Kancha
1641:Pukara, Puno
1336:Machu Q'inti
1321:Machu Picchu
1181:Killarumiyuq
1131:Intipa Ă‘awin
1051:Inka Mach'ay
1026:Huchuy Qosqo
956:Huaca Prieta
901:Hatun Machay
881:Gran Pajatén
791:Choquequirao
786:Choquepuquio
781:Chipaw Marka
731:Cerro Pátapo
547:
541:
535:
529:
517:
509:
503:
497:
491:
483:
478:Bibliography
467:
461:
452:
446:
437:
431:
422:
416:
407:
401:
392:
386:
377:
371:
362:
356:
347:
341:
332:
323:
317:
301:
294:equinoxes.
292:
267:
246:
234:
231:
227:
220:
219:ordered the
214:
209:
196:
190:
186:
180:
172:
161:
148:Vilcashuamán
125:
113:
78:
77:
2278: /
2221:Wiñay Wayna
2216:Willkaraqay
2201:Wila Wilani
2156:Wari Willka
2146:Waraqu Urqu
2091:Waman Pirqa
1996:Tunay Q'asa
1976:Toro Muerto
1926:Taqrachullu
1916:Tanqa Tanqa
1911:Tampukancha
1901:Tambomachay
1896:Tambo Totem
1766:Qunchamarka
1756:Qullqapampa
1666:Pumaq Hirka
1616:Puka Pukara
1581:Pinkuylluna
1571:Pikimach'ay
1486:Nazca Lines
1481:Muyuq Marka
1466:Mullu Q'awa
1441:Mirq'imarka
1416:Mawk'ataray
1351:Maray Qalla
1341:Mallkuamaya
1326:Machu Pirqa
1316:Machu Colca
1271:Llamachayuq
1201:Kuntur Wasi
1096:Inkilltambo
1021:Huayrapongo
981:Hualpayunca
976:Huacramarca
916:Hatun Uchku
886:Gran Vilaya
686:Buena Vista
641:Awkin Punta
168:Mayta Capac
126:Before the
2293:Categories
2266:73°08′28″W
2263:14°13′04″S
2211:WilcahuaĂn
2151:Warawtampu
2121:Waqlamarka
2071:Vilcabamba
2026:Uskallaqta
1991:Tunanmarca
1936:Tarmatambo
1871:Sillustani
1856:Sayacmarca
1841:Runkuraqay
1771:Qunchupata
1746:Quillarumi
1726:Qillqatani
1621:Puka Tampu
1596:Pirhuaylla
1566:Pikillaqta
1561:Patallaqta
1536:Pachatusan
1531:Pachacamac
1446:Miyu Pampa
1436:Miraflores
1376:Markapukyu
1371:Markansaya
1366:Markahirka
1356:Marayniyoq
1311:Llaqtapata
1241:K'ipakhara
1226:Khichuqaqa
1121:Intikancha
1101:Inti Punku
1091:Inkapintay
931:Honcopampa
926:Hatunmarka
921:Hatun Usnu
871:El ParaĂso
866:El Ingenio
841:Coricancha
831:Condorcaga
821:Colcampata
811:Cochabamba
776:Chichakuri
766:Chawaytiri
751:Chanquillo
741:Chacamarca
726:Cerro BaĂşl
631:Auga Punta
393:La crĂłnica
378:La crĂłnica
310:References
283:Pacha Mama
72:Settlement
2141:Waraqayuq
2136:Warahirka
2096:Wamanilla
2066:Ventarron
2041:Usnu Muqu
2001:Tupu Inka
1981:Trinchera
1931:Tarahuasi
1921:Tantarica
1891:Susupillu
1851:Sara Sara
1826:Rumicolca
1806:Qasa Pata
1761:Qulu Qulu
1716:Qaqapatan
1686:Puruchuco
1626:Puka Urqu
1546:Pañamarca
1526:Pacatnamu
1496:Ninamarca
1491:Nina Kiru
1476:Muyu Urqu
1471:Muyu Muyu
1461:Mulinuyuq
1161:Kanamarka
1141:Iskuqucha
1046:Ingatambo
996:Huankarán
846:Cumbemayo
836:Cota Coca
816:Cochapata
746:Chan Chan
706:Carachupa
701:Cao Viejo
681:Bandurria
666:Ayawayq'u
661:Ayamachay
611:Arhuaturo
278:Sara Sara
176:Garcilaso
2191:Wichqana
1966:Titiqaqa
1861:Sayhuite
1831:Rumiwasi
1751:Quishuar
1671:Pumawasi
1651:Pukarani
1606:Pirwayuq
1576:Pilluchu
1556:Paraccra
1281:Llamayuq
1216:Kuntuyuq
1151:Jinkiori
1036:Inca Uyo
856:El Brujo
801:ChurajĂłn
771:Cheqollo
691:Cahuachi
671:Azángaro
656:Aya Muqu
274:Solimana
237:Philip V
144:Max Uhle
132:Quechuas
121:Ayacucho
37:Location
2196:Wich'un
2186:Wichama
2051:Uyu Uyu
2046:Usqunta
1836:Runayoc
1816:Raqch'i
1701:Pusharo
1676:Punkuri
1451:Molloko
1426:Miculla
1346:Mameria
1286:Llamuqa
1266:Llactan
1166:Kanichi
991:Huamboy
876:Garagay
851:Cutimbo
711:CarajĂa
249:andenes
243:Andenes
140:Aymaras
105:History
99:Quechua
2231:Yanaca
2131:Waqutu
2086:Vitcos
2021:Urpish
2006:T'akaq
1986:TĂşcume
1956:Tinyaq
1881:SĂłndor
1866:SechĂn
1821:Revash
1741:Quiaca
1731:Qillqa
1601:Piruro
1541:Paiján
1431:Millka
1261:LayzĂłn
1196:Kukuli
1191:Kuelap
1186:Kotosh
1031:Huiñao
826:Collor
626:Aspero
596:Acaray
136:Pocras
79:Yanaca
59:Region
20:Yanaca
2241:Yaynu
2206:Wilca
2161:Waruq
1961:TipĂłn
1951:Tikra
1876:Sipán
1721:Qenko
1611:PĂsac
1456:Moray
1421:Mazur
1381:Marpa
1171:Kenko
1011:Huari
806:Chuya
716:Caral
616:Asana
253:maize
146:, in
95:Andes
63:Andes
1146:Isog
276:and
270:Apus
264:Apus
69:Type
53:Peru
117:BCE
2295::
521:.
134:,
89:,
85:,
51:,
47:,
43:,
577:e
570:t
563:v
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