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772:
591:
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pieces has been determined to be from Europe. The oil used in gold-red
Chinese enamel was doermendina oil instead of turpentine oil used in the West. Colloidal gold may have been previously available for use in Jingdezhen to achieve such colours, and gold-red enamel technique from Guangdong was used
514:
enamels allowed for a greater range of colour and tone than was previously possible, enabling the depiction of more complex images, and decorations became more elaborate and crowded in the later
Qianlong period. The images may be painted on coloured grounds, including yellow, blue, pink, coral red,
435:
to develop a range of enamel colours and techniques for applying such enamels onto blank porcelain supplied by
Jingdezhen. These blank porcelain would not have been produced at the Palace due to the polluting nature of the big kilns, and pieces of porcelain decorated at the palace and then fired in
586:
intended for export, using white porcelain from
Jingdezhen. In contrast to the more refined 'court-taste' porcelain, export wares particularly those from the 19th century tend to be highly decorated. These export wares are usually decorated in Chinese style with Chinese scenes and figures, and are
708:
182:("green family") in 1862 by Albert Jacquemart to classify Qing dynasty porcelain by their colour palettes. This is still the term most commonly used, although various other terms originating from Chinese are also used. Recent Chinese sources may use these terms in the following manner:
689:
611:
porcelain. Rose
Medallion typically has panels or medallion of flowers and/or bird alternating with panels of human figures around a central medallion. Rose Canton contains no human figures, in contrast to Rose Mandarin which shows Chinese figures. Most of these
606:
porcelain, sometimes with decorations requested by the buyers. Some popular types of decorative patterns in these export wares have been given specific names: Rose Canton, Rose
Mandarin and Rose Medallion. Rose Medallion is the most popular type of
771:
120:
Famille rose was popular in the 18th and 19th century, and it continued to be made in the 20th century. Large quantities of famille rose porcelain were exported to Europe, United States and other countries, and many of these export wares were
811:
755:
858:
727:
440:. Court painters were employed to make drafts that may include calligraphy and poetry to decorate such wares, which produced a new aesthetic style of decoration on porcelain distinct from those used outside the court.
665:
590:
535:
in the mid-18th century. It remained popular throughout the 18th and 19th centuries and continued to be made in the 20th century. The quality of wares produced however declined after the
Qianlong period.
787:
1614:
873:
424:
period. The pink of the early pieces of the 1720s were darker in colours made with ruby-coloured glass, but after 1725 softer shades were achieved by mixing with white enamels.
137:
109:
is named after its pink-coloured enamel, the colour may actually range from pale pink to deep ruby. Apart from pink, a range of other soft colour palettes are also used in
1200:
833:
Teapot, porcelain painted in colored enamels (famille rose style). Qing
Dynasty, 1725–1775 CE. From Jingdezhen, Jiangsu Province. Victoria and Albert Museum, London
403:("foreign colours"), indicating its foreign origin or influence. Research, however, has failed to show that the chemical composition of the pink enamel pigment on
231:. As these wares were produced in small workshops at the Imperial Palace and intended only for its exclusive use, they are consequently rarer than other types of
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1261:"A study of ruby-pink enamels on Chinese porcelain: with a comparison of Chinese pink glass and European pink enamels of ceramics"
1023:
291:) meaning 'powdery colours' or 'pale colours' in reference to its pastel shades, is the term commonly used in Chinese to describe
420:
have been found in
Chinese porcelain from the 1720s, although the technique was not fully developed until around 1730 during the
1962:
1950:
677:
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pieces, including some of the finest pieces. However, from around 1800 onwards, many pieces were decorated in the port city of
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palette used in
Chinese porcelain. Export of Chinese porcelain then declined due to competition from the European factories.
2010:
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1920:
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or enamel workshop (珐琅作), or through adaptation of enamels used in tin-glazed South German earthenware. The term used by
263:
who supervised the production of porcelain at the Imperial kilns in Jingdezhen, it was initially created in imitation of
129:, and are known as "Canton famille rose". Porcelains with famille rose palette were also produced in European factories.
2195:
2040:
1721:
325:'soft colours') is a term from the Yongzheng era as the colours used are softer in contrast to the 'hard colours' (硬彩,
360:
2070:
2153:
1087:
Chinese pottery and porcelain : an account of the potter's art in China from primitive times to the present day
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is not entirely clear. It is believed that this colour palette was introduced to the Imperial court in China by
154:
117:), an opaque white enamel (lead arsenate). Its range of colour was further extended by mixing different colours.
799:
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699:
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27:
1424:
259:), lit. 'foreign colours') is a type of porcelain produced at the Imperial kilns in Jingdezhen. According to
1445:
839:
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1998:
1968:
1744:
1557:
671:
Auspicious bats and peaches on a dish, a popular subject in the Chinese taste. Yongzheng reign (1723–1735)
630:
enamels were known to have been used in Europe before such wares were exported from China, for example in
624:
porcelain from the 18th century can have a green tint, a brown rim, and may be pitted with many pinholes.
532:
365:
523:
ware, but they are not highly regarded. Many produced in the Qianlong period were on eggshell porcelain.
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is the more modern term used by Chen Liu (陈浏) in the early 20th century and it is often used in place of
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decorations may be painted on a white ground, or on a coloured ground with yellow the most popular. As
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wares produced for imperial use, but differences may be detected in the chemical composition of the
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195:, lit. 'enamel colours') refers to overglaze enamel porcelain produced at the workshops within the
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available in a variety of forms; for example, they may be vessels with animal-shaped covers.
113:. The gradation of colours was produced by mixing coloured enamels with 'glassy white' (玻璃白,
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porcelains were later exported from China to the West, and many European factories such as
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1569:
1152:"European cobalt sources identified in the production of 2 Chinese famille rose porcelain"
464:
Some designs became more complex in the Qianlong period. A vase with engraved pattern and
1235:
Collectors, Collections and Museums: The Field of Chinese Ceramics in Britain, 1560–1960
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1986:
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was produced at the palace for its exclusive use, there are relatively fewer pieces of
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82:. The colour palette is thought to have been brought to China during the reign of
267:
style of painting. Visually there may be little difference in appearance between
215:
originated as an attempt to apply the enamel colours used in metal wares such as
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243:, however, may apply to other enamel colours and need not refer exclusively to
2107:
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wares were produced at the palace workshops using glazed white porcelain from
1364:
Antique Trader Oriental Antiques & Art: An Identification and Price Guide
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392:
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491:. Experimentations however were also conducted in Jindezhen to achieve the
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porcelain was also made at the imperial kilns of Jingdezhen, and the term
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718:
465:
1260:
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2016:
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pieces tend to be heavier, have a grayer glaze and a more subtle pink.
428:
200:
17:
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208:
83:
1150:
Rita Giannini; Ian C. Freestone2; Andrew J. Shortland (April 2017).
976:"Relationship between Falangcai, Yangcai, Fencai, and Famille rose"
589:
543:
459:
359:
347:
335:
136:
26:
1047:
The China Review, Or, Notes and Queries on the Far East, Volume 6
364:
Bowl with peacock in falangcai painted enamels, Yongzheng reign.
695:
1434:
996:
A History of Chinese Science and Technology: Volume 2, Volume 2
944:
Understanding Art Markets: Inside the World of Art and Business
717:
soft paste porcelain flower holder, "Famille Rose", 1736–1796,
702:
with European figure, Famille Rose, first half of 18th century.
98:
ware reached the peak of its technical excellence during the
1621:
1613:
1430:
574:
specifically ordered by Europeans, Jingdezhen produced many
235:
porcelain. There may be only around 400 surviving pieces of
566:, with the result that the most commonly found examples of
431:, experimentation was conducted under the supervision of
407:
to be the same as that of the European one, although the
634:
made by the Du Paquier factory in 1725. Large number of
515:
light green, 'cafe au lait' and brown. Black ground or
503:
reached the peak of its technical excellence during the
207:
meaning "enamel" may have come from the word for the "
1391:
Miller's Antiques Handbook & Price Guide 2020–2021
487:
porcelain produced at Jingdezhen initially to imitate
570:
are export ware. Sometimes they are made as sets of
90:
who worked at the palace, but perfected only in the
2172:
2136:
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1126:徐氏藝術館: 清代: The Tsui Museum of Art: Chinese ceramics
383:, initially on enamels used on metal wares such as
172:meaning "pink family" was introduced together with
46:introduced in the 18th century and defined by pink
1367:(2nd Revised ed.). KP Books. pp. 69–75.
1018:
1016:
1320:. Wallace-Homestead Book Company. pp. 42–46.
31:Famille rose bowl, Imperial porcelain, Jingdezhen
1618:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
1316:Mascarelli, Gloria; Mascarelli, Robert (1992).
598:, with decorations that are divided into panels
1446:
316:
310:
286:
254:
190:
58:porcelain known in Chinese by various terms:
8:
906:
904:
902:
616:pieces are from the 19th century; the older
395:(who oversaw the production of porcelain at
174:
166:
1199:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
936:
934:
917:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 244.
531:in popularity, and its production overtook
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1439:
1431:
1329:
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1068:"马未都说收藏·陶瓷篇（下） : 第二十一讲瑰丽奇珍皇家风范 — 珐琅彩"
94:era when the finest pieces were made, and
1099:
1097:
594:Rose Medallion, the most popular form of
1084:Hobson, R. L. (Robert Lockhart) (1915).
416:during the reign of Kangxi. Rudimentary
898:
867:flower holder, famille rose, 1730–1740.
854:
661:
1785:Chinese porcelain in European painting
1192:
1493:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
1334:Zoglin, Ron; Shouse, Deborah (1999).
1215:"New Twists in the Path of Tradition"
970:
968:
602:Many decorative patterns are used in
7:
1388:Miller, Judith (5 September 2019).
2149:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
495:palette. Under the supervision of
25:
1594:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
1259:Mills, Paula; Kerr, Rose (2000).
1238:. Verlag Peter Lang. p. 39.
1159:Journal of Archaeological Science
1090:. Funk and Wagnalls. p. 209.
322:
2208:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
1626:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735
1418:
872:
865:Saint-Cloud soft paste porcelain
857:
838:
826:
810:
798:
786:
770:
754:
738:
726:
707:
688:
676:
664:
911:Valenstein, Suzanne G. (1988).
821:with lid in the shape of a duck
914:A Handbook of Chinese Ceramics
379:, achieved through the use of
317:
311:
1:
2214:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
2159:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
851:European pieces in the styles
554:with Rose Mandarin decoration
2196:Dresden Porcelain Collection
399:) and in Qing documents was
2283:Types of pottery decoration
427:At the Palace workshops in
239:around the world. The term
2299:
2238:Victoria and Albert Museum
1318:Warman's Oriental Antiques
1277:10.1179/SIC.2000.45.S2.021
993:Yongxiang Lu, ed. (2014).
887:, famille rose, 1760–1780.
683:A vase with peaches design
2244:Museum of Royal Worcester
2220:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
2185:Percival David Foundation
2179:British Museum (London):
1653:Japanese export porcelain
1611:
1179:10.1016/j.jas.2017.01.011
1052:may have been originally
1050:. 1878. pp. 463–364.
999:. Springer. p. 375.
845:Vase from Qianlong period
468:medallions, painted with
287:
255:
191:
155:Percival David Collection
2154:Johann Friedrich Böttger
1488:Chinese export porcelain
1232:Pierson, Stacey (2007).
941:Robertson, Iain (2015).
700:Chinese export porcelain
533:blue and white porcelain
436:muffle kilns are called
411:of the enamel from some
1394:. Octopus. p. 98.
1265:Studies in Conservation
456:Production at Jindezhen
86:(1654–1722) by Western
1627:
1619:
1340:. Wiley. p. 290.
1303:National Palace Museum
1219:National Palace Museum
1028:National Palace Museum
599:
555:
473:
368:
366:National Palace Museum
357:
175:
167:
161:
141:Moon flask (right) in
52:Western classification
32:
1625:
1617:
1337:Antiquing For Dummies
1129:. 徐氏藝術館. p. 71.
593:
547:
483:was used to refer to
463:
363:
351:
140:
30:
2190:The David Collection
2113:Overglaze decoration
2103:Hard-paste porcelain
2098:Soft-paste porcelain
1427:at Wikimedia Commons
1361:Moran, Mark (2003).
1034:on 20 November 2015.
949:Taylor & Francis
715:Jingdezhen porcelain
558:A large quantity of
519:may also be used on
329:) used to refer to
211:" or "foreign", and
147:Jingdezhen porcelain
123:Jingdezhen porcelain
2047:Bing & Grøndahl
2011:Dihl & Guérhard
1909:Villeroy & Boch
1171:2017JArSc..80...27G
1104:Nilsson, Jan-Brik.
2256:Ludwigsburg Palace
2250:Walters Art Museum
1648:Japanese porcelain
1628:
1620:
1518:(16th century BCE)
1299:"Court-style type"
1024:"The Introduction"
777:Other side of the
600:
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33:
2278:Chinese porcelain
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2164:Dmitry Vinogradov
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2059:Wagner & Apel
1775:List of companies
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1608:
1566:(14th century on)
1560:(14th century on)
1554:(11th century on)
1483:Chinese porcelain
1423:Media related to
793:Qianlong era vase
381:purple of Cassius
44:Chinese porcelain
16:(Redirected from
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1873:Saint Petersburg
1780:French porcelain
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42:") is a type of
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1245:978-3039105380
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1142:
1135:
1123:徐氏藝術館 (1993).
1115:
1106:"Famille rose"
1093:
1073:
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562:porcelain was
541:
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371:The origin of
345:
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197:Forbidden City
159:British Museum
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125:decorated in
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38:(French for "
37:
29:
19:
2192:(Copenhagen)
2128:Factory mark
2091:Technologies
1999:Clignancourt
1425:Famille rose
1390:
1383:
1363:
1356:
1336:
1317:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1268:
1264:
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1234:
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1209:
1195:cite journal
1162:
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1145:
1125:
1118:
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1086:
1061:
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1046:
1040:
1032:the original
1027:
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988:
979:
943:
913:
778:
762:
747:famille rose
746:
652:famille rose
651:
636:famille rose
635:
628:Famille rose
627:
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622:Famille rose
621:
618:famille rose
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614:famille rose
613:
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568:famille rose
567:
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557:
549:Famille rose
548:
528:
525:Famille rose
524:
521:famille rose
520:
516:
512:famille rose
511:
509:
501:famille rose
500:
493:famille rose
492:
488:
485:famille rose
484:
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475:
470:famille rose
469:
449:
445:
441:
437:
426:
418:famille rose
417:
413:famille rose
412:
405:famille rose
404:
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388:
373:famille rose
372:
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296:
293:famille rose
292:
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272:
268:
264:
250:
245:famille rose
244:
240:
236:
233:famille rose
232:
229:muffle kilns
220:
212:
204:
203:. The word
186:
173:
168:famille rose
165:
163:
143:famille rose
142:
119:
114:
111:famille rose
110:
107:famille rose
106:
104:
96:famille rose
95:
78:
77:
72:
71:
66:
65:
60:
59:
56:Qing dynasty
39:
36:Famille rose
35:
34:
2252:(Baltimore)
2246:(Worcester)
2173:Collections
1939:Ludwigsburg
1921:Frankenthal
1897:Nymphenburg
1891:Fürstenberg
1867:Capodimonte
1819:Saint-Cloud
980:Koh Antique
733:Canton ware
650:copied the
584:Canton ware
552:Canton ware
540:Export ware
527:supplanted
452:porcelain.
409:cobalt blue
303:in Chinese.
295:porcelain.
153:reign, the
50:. It is a
40:pink family
2272:Categories
2234:(Istanbul)
2108:Bone china
1993:Copenhagen
1987:Loosdrecht
1969:Wallendorf
1552:Jingdezhen
1187:1826/11469
893:References
397:Jingdezhen
356:porcelains
225:Jingdezhen
199:itself in
2228:(Beijing)
2204:(Toronto)
2198:(Dresden)
2071:Porsgrund
2065:Rosenthal
2005:Hollóháza
1915:Worcester
1855:Vincennes
1843:Chantilly
1837:Rörstrand
1680:Nabeshima
1462:Porcelain
1285:191567275
1165:: 27–36.
1054:fulinqian
881:Delftware
779:Falangcai
763:falangcai
648:Chantilly
497:Tang Ying
489:falangcai
477:Falangcai
450:falangcai
446:falangcai
442:Falangcai
438:falangcai
433:Prince Yi
422:Yongzheng
393:Tang Ying
385:cloisonné
354:falangcai
269:falangcai
261:Tang Ying
241:falangcai
237:falangcai
221:Falangcai
217:cloisonné
213:falangcai
187:Falangcai
164:The term
151:Yongzheng
105:Although
92:Yongzheng
79:falangcai
2240:(London)
2210:(Moscow)
2144:Chinamen
2077:Augarten
1957:Wedgwood
1903:Plymouth
1768:General:
1715:General:
1685:Kakiemon
1641:General:
1476:General:
719:Qianlong
564:exported
505:Qianlong
472:enamels.
466:openwork
115:boli bai
102:period.
100:Qianlong
2222:(Paris)
2216:(Paris)
2123:Biscuit
2053:Zsolnay
2029:Doulton
2017:Mintons
1981:Limoges
1879:Mennecy
1861:Chelsea
1825:Meissen
1546:Qingbai
1522:Celadon
1167:Bibcode
885:faience
883:plate,
721:period.
698:period
658:Gallery
644:Chelsea
640:Meissen
481:yangcai
429:Beijing
401:yangcai
377:Jesuits
327:yingcai
307:Ruancai
301:yangcai
273:yangcai
251:Yangcai
201:Beijing
157:at the
88:Jesuits
73:yangcai
67:ruancai
18:Yangcai
2137:People
2079:(1923)
2073:(1885)
2067:(1879)
2061:(1877)
2055:(1853)
2049:(1853)
2043:(1826)
2041:Herend
2037:(1822)
2035:Lichte
2031:(1815)
2025:(1814)
2019:(1793)
2013:(1781)
2007:(1777)
2001:(1775)
1995:(1775)
1989:(1774)
1983:(1771)
1977:(1768)
1971:(1764)
1965:(1763)
1963:Berlin
1959:(1759)
1953:(1760)
1951:Retiro
1947:(1759)
1941:(1758)
1935:(1757)
1929:(1756)
1927:Sèvres
1923:(1755)
1917:(1751)
1911:(1748)
1905:(1748)
1899:(1747)
1893:(1747)
1887:(1747)
1881:(1745)
1875:(1744)
1869:(1743)
1863:(1743)
1857:(1740)
1851:(1735)
1849:Doccia
1845:(1730)
1839:(1726)
1833:(1718)
1831:Vienna
1827:(1710)
1821:(1693)
1815:(1673)
1809:(1575)
1807:Medici
1800:Types:
1760:Europe
1745:Joseon
1739:Goryeo
1732:Types:
1695:Hirado
1690:Kutani
1663:Types:
1600:Canton
1588:Kangxi
1582:Tianqi
1576:Swatow
1509:Types:
1500:(1338)
1398:
1371:
1344:
1283:
1242:
1133:
1003:
955:
921:
879:Dutch
819:tureen
580:Canton
389:falang
344:Origin
297:Fencai
283:Fencai
265:falang
209:Franks
205:falang
127:Canton
84:Kangxi
76:, and
61:fencai
1975:Revol
1945:Weesp
1933:Derby
1813:Rouen
1708:Korea
1675:Imari
1670:Arita
1634:Japan
1570:Kraak
1469:China
1281:S2CID
1155:(PDF)
1066:马未都.
507:era.
336:wucai
279:used.
133:Terms
1540:Ding
1534:Xing
1396:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1201:link
1131:ISBN
1001:ISBN
953:ISBN
919:ISBN
781:vase
765:vase
749:vase
696:Qing
646:and
510:The
323:lit.
277:flux
271:and
54:for
1885:Bow
1528:Yue
1273:doi
1183:hdl
1175:doi
1056:拂菻嵌
333:or
321:),
192:珐琅彩
2274::
2183:/
1326:^
1301:.
1279:.
1269:45
1267:.
1263:.
1217:.
1197:}}
1193:{{
1181:.
1173:.
1163:80
1161:.
1157:.
1108:.
1096:^
1076:^
1026:.
1015:^
978:.
967:^
951:.
947:.
933:^
901:^
817:A
761:A
642:,
318:软彩
315:/
312:軟彩
288:粉彩
256:洋彩
149:,
145:,
70:,
64:,
1454:e
1447:t
1440:v
1404:.
1377:.
1350:.
1305:.
1287:.
1275::
1248:.
1221:.
1203:)
1189:.
1185::
1177::
1169::
1139:.
1112:.
1070:.
1009:.
982:.
961:.
927:.
339:.
309:(
285:(
253:(
247:.
189:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
