473:
458:
497:
738:
603:
1312:
35:
102:
53:
678:
223:
615:
77:
489:
588:
653:. They are much whiter-headed in autumn, and have more extensively black wing tips with few white spots, just as lesser black-backed. They have a red spot on the bill as adults, like the entire complex. There is a red ring around the eye like in the lesser black-backed gull but unlike in the herring gull which has a dark yellow ring.
556:; here it overlaps with the Caspian gull but there is a difference in habitat, with the yellow-legged gull preferring sea cliffs and the Caspian gull flatter shores. In recent decades birds have spread north into central and western Europe. One to four pairs have attempted to breed in southern
693:
gulls, they are omnivores and opportunistic foragers. They will scavenge on rubbish tips and elsewhere, as well as seeking suitable prey in fields or on the coast, or robbing smaller gulls and other seabirds of their catches. Although urban populations are generally opportunistic
751:
Yellow-legged gulls usually breed in colonies. Eggs, usually three, are laid from mid March to early May and are defended vigorously by this large gull. The nest is a sometimes sparse mound of vegetation built on the ground or on cliff ledges. In some places, such as
1331:
661:
and a well-defined black band on the tail. They become lighter in the underparts and lose the upperpart pattern subsequently. By their second winter, birds are essentially feathered like adults, save for the patterned feathers remaining on the
633:. They range in length from 52 to 68 cm (20 to 27 in) in total length, from 120 to 155 cm (47 to 61 in) in wingspan and from 550 to 1,600 g (1.21 to 3.53 lb) in weight. Among standard measurements, the
656:
First-year birds have a paler head, rump and underparts than those of the herring gull, more closely resembling first-year great black-backed gulls in plumage. They have a dark bill and eyes, pinkish grey legs, dark
575:. There is also extensive northward post-breeding dispersal in the late summer, with numbers in southern England high from July to October. It is reported as a vagrant to northeastern North America and
1000:
472:
2323:
2127:
2179:
1259:
2298:
914:
457:
2078:
2140:
563:
Many birds remain in the same area all year round, but others migrate to spend the winter in mild areas of western Europe or head south as far as
436:. Atlantic Ocean birds have darker wings and back in comparison with Mediterranean birds, creating a more pronounced contrast to the white parts.
1225:
2205:
845:
328:
It is now generally accepted that the yellow-legged gull is a full species, but until recently there was much disagreement. For example,
1073:
703:
2101:
2026:
1128:
1144:
Zorrozua, Nere; Aldalur, Asier; Herrero, Alfredo; Diaz, Beñat; Delgado, Sergio; Sanpera, Carola; Jover, Lluís; Arizaga, Juan (2020).
837:
764:, they have started nesting on buildings, inside cities and even on trees. The eggs are incubated for 27–31 days and the young birds
1096:
496:
1031:
2318:
2257:
974:
335:
2039:
1398:
2145:
1008:
831:
737:
2313:
2166:
625:
The yellow-legged gull is a large gull, though the size does vary, with the smallest females being scarcely larger than a
334:
magazine split the yellow-legged gull from the herring gull in 1993 but included the
Caspian gull in the former, but the
1943:
548:. In Europe, there are colonies all along the Mediterranean coast, and also on the Atlantic islands and coasts north to
432:(and spreading north from there) are usually also included here, but are sometimes considered to be a third subspecies,
2249:
2184:
2057:
316:
which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird, and the species name honours the German zoologist
2070:
1301:
1191:
2308:
1573:
1323:
650:
602:
378:
361:
330:
212:
2106:
101:
1610:
1496:
945:
630:
560:
since 1995 (sometimes hybrid pairs with lesser black-backed gulls), though colonisation has been very slow.
347:
915:"Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers"
666:. However, their bill tips are black, their eyes still dark, and the legs are a light yellow flesh colour.
1977:
1896:
1879:
1802:
682:
1934:
1543:
1538:
303:
291:, which has only recently achieved wide recognition as a distinct species. It was formerly treated as a
196:
808:
1359:
1318:
2262:
1959:
1807:
1506:
634:
1861:
1741:
1736:
1391:
384:
66:
2236:
1286:
1620:
1516:
1173:
649:
but have yellow legs. They have a grey back, slightly darker than herring gulls but lighter than
533:
230:
96:
1746:
1701:
1655:
1471:
973:
Collinson, J. Martin; Parkin, David T.; Knox, Alan G.; Sangster, George; Svensson, Lars (2008).
880:
Sangster, George; Collinson, J. Martin; Knox, Alan G.; Parkin, David T.; Svensson, Lars (2007).
34:
2132:
2218:
2158:
2093:
2000:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1706:
1615:
1578:
1568:
1481:
1466:
1456:
1233:
1199:
1165:
1146:"Breeding Yellow-legged Gulls increase consumption of terrestrial prey after landfill closure"
1124:
1092:
937:
841:
642:
505:
2223:
420:
and is potentially a full species in its own right. Birds breeding on the
Atlantic coasts of
1843:
1711:
1531:
1486:
1411:
1226:"Seagulls in Rome take to killing rats and pigeons as lockdown deprives them of food scraps"
1157:
1145:
929:
893:
803:
317:
2244:
1982:
669:
The call is a loud laugh which is deeper and more nasal than the call of the herring gull.
52:
2192:
1690:
1676:
1600:
1491:
1292:
757:
429:
153:
1461:
785:
1311:
1046:
677:
2303:
2065:
2052:
1782:
1384:
1117:
448:
405:
1349:
222:
2292:
2153:
1650:
1563:
1521:
898:
881:
794:
354:
339:
86:
81:
1177:
614:
2275:
2005:
1695:
1645:
1553:
1526:
1511:
1451:
1337:
646:
488:
387:, found in western and southern Europe, northwestern Africa, and the Mediterranean.
346:
research, however, suggests that the yellow-legged gull is actually closest to the
296:
288:
1992:
2044:
2231:
2171:
2114:
1928:
1764:
1716:
1685:
1636:
1625:
1591:
1476:
933:
663:
626:
401:
342:
retained the yellow-legged gull as a subspecies of the herring gull until 2007.
284:
2270:
1825:
1605:
1353:
292:
2031:
1919:
1237:
1203:
1169:
645:
is 5.6 to 7.5 cm (2.2 to 3.0 in). Adults are externally similar to
1793:
1665:
1660:
1558:
1501:
753:
722:
715:
699:
695:
587:
553:
113:
941:
1376:
1366:
1969:
1913:
1874:
1344:
761:
607:
549:
425:
133:
975:"Species boundaries in the Herring and Lesser Black-backed Gull complex"
2197:
2083:
1954:
1429:
658:
576:
572:
564:
557:
517:
513:
509:
443:
421:
409:
163:
1192:"Covid 19 coronavirus: Seagulls begin to hunt rats on streets of Rome"
1161:
2119:
1371:
765:
706:
in 2020, when the lack of food scraps led the yellow-legged gulls of
568:
545:
541:
529:
413:
280:
123:
2018:
1890:
2013:
1442:
1420:
1077:. Vol. 1 (Concise ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
736:
726:
725:
have been observed and photographed picking and eating fruit from
676:
613:
601:
586:
552:
and west to the Azores. It also breeds on the western side of the
537:
525:
521:
495:
487:
464:
310:
173:
2210:
1407:
745:
707:
638:
619:
596:
276:
143:
1894:
1380:
360:, while the Caspian gull is closer to the herring gull and the
711:
343:
882:"Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: Fourth report"
520:
and increasing in places. Recent breeding has occurred in
447:, first described in 1928 by the Russian ornithologist
1559:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
606:
Head of a two-year old yellow-legged gull taken at the
1287:
Mediterranean Yellow-legged Gull - Larus michahellis
637:
is 40.8 to 47.2 cm (16.1 to 18.6 in), the
370:
There are two subspecies of the yellow-legged gull:
367:, rather than being each other's closest relatives.
1903:
1852:
1834:
1816:
1791:
1773:
1755:
1674:
1634:
1589:
1440:
1419:
1032:"Rare breeding birds in the United Kingdom in 2006"
1116:
913:Pons, J.-M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet, P.-A. (2005).
809:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T62030970A154522526.en
629:and the largest males being roughly the size of a
416:). This subspecies is also sometimes known as the
641:is 4.6 to 6 cm (1.8 to 2.4 in) and the
60:Juvenile, Portosín, Porto do Son, Galicia, Spain
702:diet if necessary; this was observed during the
1433:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
1392:
8:
1115:Olsen, Klaus Malling; Larsson, Hans (2004).
833:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
968:
966:
1891:
1611:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
1399:
1385:
1377:
1310:
221:
75:
51:
20:
1119:Gulls: of North America, Europe, and Asia
1089:Field Guide to the Birds of North America
897:
807:
302:, or more broadly as a subspecies of the
1260:"FRUIT PICKING GIBRALTAR ATLANTIC GULLS"
1110:
1108:
922:Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution
776:
453:
2324:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Naumann
1712:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
1350:Audio recordings of Yellow-legged gull
861:Sharrock, J.T.R. (1993). "Editorial".
500:Mating on roof-top, Constanta, Romania
836:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
528:. In the Middle East, a few breed in
504:The breeding range is centred on the
492:Yellow-legged gull in Porto, Portugal
7:
2071:42dd3392-0952-49f4-a4cf-3e0927b4a0a8
1007:. Birdwatch Magazine. Archived from
2299:IUCN Red List least concern species
2107:yellow-legged-gull-larus-cachinnans
1074:The Birds of the Western Palearctic
795:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
508:. In North Africa, it is common in
1071:Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. (1998).
14:
1332:Yellow-legged gull photo gallery
899:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00758.x
471:
456:
100:
33:
1367:Field Guide: Birds of the World
1293:BirdLife species factsheet for
784:BirdLife International (2019).
1123:. Princeton University Press.
1:
1091:. National Geographic. 2002.
440:There is also the subspecies
1334:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1224:Squires, Nick (1 May 2020).
681:Yellow-legged gull eating a
246:Larus cachinnans michahellis
239:Larus argentatus michahellis
934:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011
257:Larus cachinnans lusitanius
2340:
1319:"Yellow-legged gull media"
742:Larus michahellis atlantis
1870:
1338:Interactive range map of
1258:van Swelm, Norman Deans.
830:Jobling, James A (2010).
802:: e.T62030970A154522526.
710:to take prey as large as
651:lesser black-backed gulls
309:. The genus name is from
253:Larus cachinnans atlantis
236:
229:
220:
202:
195:
97:Scientific classification
95:
73:
64:
59:
50:
45:
28:
23:
1574:Lesser black-backed gull
1502:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
1324:Internet Bird Collection
362:lesser black-backed gull
2319:Birds described in 1840
1497:Great black-backed gull
631:great black-backed gull
540:with larger numbers in
348:great black-backed gull
46:Georges-Valbon, France
1880:Hybridisation in gulls
1803:Black-legged kittiwake
748:
698:, they can shift to a
686:
683:Eurasian collared dove
622:
611:
599:
501:
493:
1544:American herring gull
1539:European herring gull
1045:: 188. Archived from
740:
680:
617:
605:
590:
499:
491:
396:Larus fuscus atlantis
394:(Dwight, 1922), syn.
2314:Birds of Macaronesia
2066:Fauna Europaea (new)
1808:Red-legged kittiwake
1507:Glaucous-winged gull
1289:, Svetla Dalakchieva
1052:on 24 September 2015
1030:Holling, M. (2009).
1862:Swallow-tailed gull
1737:Slender-billed gull
1302:"Larus michahellis"
951:on 22 February 2012
618:Juvenile with open
188:L. michahellis
67:Conservation status
24:Yellow-legged gull
2094:yellow-legged-gull
1621:Mediterranean gull
1549:Yellow-legged gull
1517:Yellow-footed gull
1345:IUCN Red List maps
1264:Radioactive Robins
768:after 35–40 days.
749:
721:Atlantic gulls in
687:
623:
612:
600:
502:
494:
267:yellow-legged gull
2286:
2285:
2276:Larus-michahellis
2219:Open Tree of Life
1935:Larus michahellis
1905:Larus michahellis
1897:Taxon identifiers
1888:
1887:
1875:Gull eggs as food
1732:Black-headed gull
1727:Brown-headed gull
1722:Black-billed gull
1707:Brown-hooded gull
1569:Slaty-backed gull
1482:Short-billed gull
1467:Black-tailed gull
1361:Larus michahellis
1340:Larus michahellis
1295:Larus michahellis
1162:10.1111/ibi.12701
999:Callahan, David.
847:978-1-4081-2501-4
788:Larus michahellis
729:trees in flight.
704:lockdown of Italy
593:L. m. michahellis
506:Mediterranean Sea
399:
382:
375:L. m. michahellis
272:Larus michahellis
263:
262:
250:
243:
206:Larus michahellis
90:
2331:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2265:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2226:
2214:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2172:NHMSYS0001688279
2162:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2021:
2009:
2008:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1973:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1960:E074D7069AE1303C
1950:
1949:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1892:
1742:Bonaparte's gull
1487:Ring-billed gull
1401:
1394:
1387:
1378:
1328:
1314:
1309:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1001:"Seabird splits"
996:
990:
989:
979:
970:
961:
960:
958:
956:
950:
944:. Archived from
919:
910:
904:
903:
901:
877:
871:
870:
858:
852:
851:
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
811:
781:
475:
460:
434:L. m. lusitanius
393:
377:
318:Karl Michahelles
248:
241:
225:
208:
105:
104:
84:
79:
78:
55:
37:
21:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2309:Birds of Europe
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2193:Observation.org
2191:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1899:
1889:
1884:
1866:
1848:
1830:
1812:
1787:
1769:
1751:
1747:Saunders's gull
1702:Hartlaub's gull
1691:Red-billed gull
1677:Chroicocephalus
1670:
1656:Franklin's gull
1630:
1601:White-eyed gull
1585:
1492:California gull
1472:Heermann's gull
1436:
1415:
1405:
1317:
1300:
1283:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1005:birdwatch.co.uk
998:
997:
993:
977:
972:
971:
964:
954:
952:
948:
917:
912:
911:
907:
879:
878:
874:
860:
859:
855:
848:
829:
828:
824:
814:
812:
783:
782:
778:
774:
735:
675:
659:flight feathers
585:
486:
479:
478:juvenile, Malta
476:
467:
461:
326:
255:
251:
244:
216:
210:
204:
191:
154:Charadriiformes
99:
91:
80:
76:
69:
41:
40:
39:
38:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2267:
2254:
2241:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2150:
2137:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2088:
2075:
2062:
2053:Fauna Europaea
2049:
2036:
2023:
2010:
1997:
1987:
1974:
1964:
1951:
1940:
1925:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
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1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
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1840:
1838:
1832:
1831:
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1822:
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1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1616:Audouin's gull
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1579:Heuglin's gull
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1457:Belcher's gull
1454:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1357:
1347:
1335:
1329:
1315:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1281:External links
1279:
1277:
1276:
1250:
1216:
1198:. 4 May 2020.
1183:
1136:
1130:978-0691119977
1129:
1104:
1097:
1080:
1063:
1022:
1011:on 4 June 2016
991:
962:
928:(3): 686–699.
905:
892:(4): 853–857.
872:
853:
846:
822:
775:
773:
770:
734:
731:
674:
671:
584:
581:
485:
482:
481:
480:
477:
470:
468:
462:
455:
449:Theodor Pleske
438:
437:
406:Canary Islands
398:, Dwight, 1922
391:L. m. atlantis
388:
325:
324:Classification
322:
295:of either the
261:
260:
234:
233:
227:
226:
218:
217:
211:
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15:
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2255:
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2207:
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2199:
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2177:
2173:
2168:
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2155:
2151:
2147:
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2138:
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2129:
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2059:
2054:
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2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1979:
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1971:
1965:
1961:
1956:
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1945:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1844:Sabine's gull
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
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1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Laughing gull
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
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1594:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Armenian gull
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1532:Thayer's gull
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Glaucous gull
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
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1500:
1498:
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1261:
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1231:
1230:The Telegraph
1227:
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1197:
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1098:0-7922-6877-6
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:British Birds
1033:
1026:
1023:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
988:(7): 340–363.
987:
983:
982:British Birds
976:
969:
967:
963:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
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863:British Birds
857:
854:
849:
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839:
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826:
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797:
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747:
743:
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732:
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724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
684:
679:
672:
670:
667:
665:
660:
654:
652:
648:
647:herring gulls
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
621:
616:
609:
604:
598:
594:
589:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
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555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
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490:
483:
474:
469:
466:
459:
454:
452:
450:
446:
445:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Atlantic gull
415:
411:
407:
403:
397:
392:
389:
386:
380:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
366:
363:
359:
356:
355:Armenian gull
352:
349:
345:
341:
340:Great Britain
337:
333:
332:
331:British Birds
323:
321:
319:
315:
312:
308:
307:L. argentatus
305:
301:
300:L. cachinnans
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:) is a large
274:
273:
268:
259:
258:
254:
249:Naumann, 1840
247:
242:Naumann, 1840
240:
235:
232:
228:
224:
219:
214:
209:
207:
201:
198:
197:Binomial name
194:
190:
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184:
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177:
176:
172:
169:
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165:
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159:
158:
155:
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142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
94:
88:
83:
82:Least Concern
72:
68:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
36:
27:
22:
19:
1904:
1853:
1835:
1817:
1792:
1775:Rhodostethia
1774:
1757:Hydrocoloeus
1756:
1696:Huahine gull
1675:
1646:Dolphin gull
1635:
1590:
1554:Caspian gull
1548:
1527:Iceland gull
1512:Western gull
1462:Olrog's gull
1452:Pacific gull
1441:
1428:
1365:
1360:
1339:
1322:
1305:
1294:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1229:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1195:
1186:
1156:(1): 50–62.
1153:
1149:
1139:
1118:
1088:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1042:
1038:
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
1004:
994:
985:
981:
953:. Retrieved
946:the original
925:
921:
908:
889:
885:
875:
866:
862:
856:
832:
825:
813:. Retrieved
799:
793:
787:
779:
750:
741:
733:Reproduction
720:
690:
688:
685:in Barcelona
668:
664:wing coverts
655:
624:
592:
562:
503:
484:Distribution
441:
439:
433:
417:
395:
390:
374:
369:
364:
358:L. armenicus
357:
350:
329:
327:
313:
306:
304:herring gull
299:
297:Caspian gull
289:North Africa
271:
270:
266:
264:
256:
252:
245:
238:
237:
205:
203:
187:
186:
174:
18:
2232:SeaLifeBase
2115:iNaturalist
1929:Wikispecies
1783:Ross's gull
1765:Little gull
1717:Andean gull
1686:Silver gull
1637:Leucophaeus
1626:Relict gull
1592:Ichthyaetus
1477:Common gull
815:18 November
627:common gull
583:Description
402:Macaronesia
400:: found in
285:Middle East
2293:Categories
2271:Xeno-canto
1826:Ivory gull
1606:Sooty gull
1414:: Laridae)
1354:Xeno-canto
1269:13 October
955:6 November
772:References
716:rock doves
696:scavengers
689:Like most
635:wing chord
351:L. marinus
293:subspecies
1818:Pagophila
1666:Grey gull
1661:Lava gull
1238:0307-1235
1204:1170-0777
1196:NZ Herald
1170:1474-919X
1056:23 August
869:(1): 1–2.
754:Gibraltar
723:Gibraltar
700:predatory
591:Nominate
554:Black Sea
534:Palestine
365:L. fuscus
279:found in
182:Species:
120:Kingdom:
114:Eukaryota
2159:62030970
2133:11127249
1983:62030970
1978:BirdLife
1967:BioLib:
1914:Wikidata
1854:Creagrus
1178:91802710
942:16054399
762:Portugal
571:and the
550:Brittany
426:Portugal
385:nominate
353:and the
231:Synonyms
160:Family:
134:Chordata
130:Phylum:
124:Animalia
110:Domain:
87:IUCN 3.1
2224:1041800
2084:9413670
2019:yelgul1
1993:yelgul1
1955:Avibase
1920:Q704982
1430:Species
1306:Avibase
840:, 253.
758:Galicia
577:Nigeria
573:Red Sea
565:Senegal
558:England
518:Tunisia
514:Algeria
510:Morocco
463:adult,
444:omissus
430:Galicia
422:Morocco
410:Madeira
379:Naumann
213:Naumann
170:Genus:
164:Laridae
150:Order:
140:Class:
85: (
2263:232052
2237:171350
2211:232052
2185:119627
2146:824076
2091:GNAB:
2040:EURING
2032:100926
1948:yelegu
1412:family
1372:Flickr
1236:
1202:
1176:
1168:
1127:
1095:
1015:3 July
940:
844:
766:fledge
643:tarsus
608:Breton
569:Gambia
546:Turkey
542:Cyprus
530:Israel
442:L. m.
414:Azores
412:, the
381:, 1840
283:, the
281:Europe
215:, 1840
2304:Larus
2258:WoRMS
2128:IRMNG
2120:59202
2058:96939
2027:EUNIS
2014:eBird
2006:3SBQP
1990:BOW:
1970:96467
1794:Rissa
1443:Larus
1421:Genus
1408:Gulls
1243:4 May
1209:4 May
1174:S2CID
1050:(PDF)
1035:(PDF)
978:(PDF)
949:(PDF)
918:(PDF)
727:olive
691:Larus
610:coast
538:Syria
526:Egypt
522:Libya
465:Malta
404:(the
314:Larus
311:Latin
175:Larus
2250:9051
2206:OBIS
2180:NCBI
2154:IUCN
2141:ITIS
2079:GBIF
2045:5926
1836:Xema
1271:2021
1245:2020
1234:ISSN
1211:2020
1200:ISSN
1166:ISSN
1150:Ibis
1125:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1058:2012
1017:2014
957:2009
938:PMID
886:Ibis
842:ISBN
817:2021
800:2019
760:and
746:MHNT
714:and
712:rats
708:Rome
673:Diet
639:bill
620:beak
597:Elba
544:and
536:and
524:and
516:and
428:and
287:and
277:gull
265:The
144:Aves
2245:TSA
2198:250
2167:NBN
2102:IBC
2001:CoL
1944:ABA
1370:on
1364:in
1352:on
1343:at
1158:doi
1154:162
1043:102
986:101
930:doi
894:doi
890:149
838:219
804:doi
344:DNA
338:in
336:BOU
2295::
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2247::
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2221::
2208::
2195::
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2169::
2156::
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2130::
2117::
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2042::
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2016::
2003::
1980::
1957::
1946::
1931::
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1262:.
1232:.
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920:.
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383::
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1698:†
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1273:.
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1180:.
1160::
1133:.
1101:.
1060:.
1019:.
959:.
932::
902:.
896::
850:.
819:.
806::
790:"
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269:(
89:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
