778:
132:
766:
114:
431:
The female 'cones' are highly reduced. Only the upper or uppermost bracts are fertile and bear one or rarely two seeds. The ovule usually exceeds the scale, although ovules are sometimes rarely enclosed by it. They may be found on the ends of branches or on the branches. They may grow singly or in
542:
and other members of
Taxaceae, and morphological differences between them are not substantial. Previous recognition of two distinct families, Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae (e.g.,), was based on relatively minor morphological details: Taxaceae (excluding
551:
seeds have a longer maturation period (from 18–20 months), and larger mature seeds (12–40 millimetres (0.47–1.57 in)) fully enclosed by the aril. However, there are also very clear morphological connections between
439:
partly encloses it. The developmental origin of the aril is unclear, but it may represent a fused pair of swollen leaves. The mature aril is brightly coloured, soft, juicy and sweet, and is eaten by
1521:
Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu (July 19, 2021).
1708:
Rai, Hardeep S.; Reeves, Patrick A.; Peakall, Rod; Olmstead, Richard G.; Graham, Sean W. (2008). "Inference of higher-order conifer relationships from a multi-locus plastid data set".
1997:
2326:
409:, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked. They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides.
2365:
2498:
2274:
1955:
Leslie, Andrew B.; Beaulieu, Jeremy; Holman, Garth; Campbell, Christopher S.; Mei, Wenbin; Raubeson, Linda R.; Mathews, Sarah; et al. (2018).
1646:
Quinn, C. J.; Price, R. A.; Gadek, P. A. (2002). "Familial
Concepts and Relationships in the Conifer Based on rbcL and matK Sequence Comparisons".
2339:
2287:
459:
Species are mostly found in the tropics and temperate zones in the northern temperate. There are only a few species in the southern hemisphere.
547:) has smaller mature seeds growing to 5–8 millimetres (0.20–0.31 in) in 6–8 months, that are not fully enclosed by the aril; in contrast,
428:
in the early spring. They are sometimes externally only slightly differentiated from the branches. The fertile bracts have 2-8 pollen sacs.
443:
which then disperse the hard seed undamaged in their droppings. However, the seeds are highly poisonous to humans, containing the poisons
2087:
1391:
556:
and other members of
Taxaceae, and considered in tandem with the phylogenetic evidence, there is no compelling need to recognize
2313:
2344:
1451:
2352:
523:
from the Middle
Jurassic of China indicate that Taxaceae had already substantially diversified during the Jurassic.
2414:
2370:
2493:
901:
131:
2419:
1584:
Dong, Chong; Shi, Gongle; Herrera, Fabiany; Wang, Yongdong; Herendeen, Patrick S; Crane, Peter R (2020-06-18).
893:
479:
studies. Formerly they were often treated as distinct from other conifers by placing them in a separate order
2261:
2080:
957:
917:
885:
835:
2248:
2152:
1523:"Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms"
925:
803:
1302:"Origin of the Taxaceae aril: evolutionary implications of seed-cone teratologies in Pseudotaxus chienii"
1191:
2401:
949:
877:
819:
770:
2266:
2253:
475:
analysis has shown that the yews are phylogenetically nested in the
Pinales, a conclusion supported by
2292:
1175:
1159:
1023:
2380:
2222:
1921:
1655:
1534:
1031:
1007:
941:
909:
827:
811:
1586:"Middle–Late Jurassic fossils from northeastern China reveal morphological stasis in the catkin-yew"
1143:
1095:
1220:
1167:
1135:
1127:
978:
933:
856:
582:
484:
280:
2460:
2073:
2028:
1909:
1890:
1847:
1839:
1733:
1687:
1679:
1566:
1432:
1271:
505:
487:
referred to
Taxaceae as "taxads" in his 1916 book. Taxaceae is thought to be the sister group to
291:
126:
2406:
777:
602:
2488:
2388:
2209:
2020:
1978:
1937:
1882:
1831:
1790:
1772:
1725:
1671:
1625:
1607:
1558:
1550:
1467:
1424:
1392:"Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL"
1378:
1339:
1321:
1260:
1199:
2442:
2331:
2393:
2099:
2012:
1968:
1929:
1874:
1821:
1780:
1764:
1717:
1663:
1615:
1597:
1542:
1503:
1459:
1414:
1406:
1329:
1313:
1252:
1228:
1111:
1079:
1039:
1015:
782:
378:
323:
1236:
1183:
1151:
1087:
1071:
1055:
535:
476:
417:
413:
1497:
534:
is now included in
Taxaceae, rather than being recognized as the core of its own family,
1925:
1659:
1538:
765:
2190:
1785:
1752:
1620:
1585:
1334:
1301:
1244:
1063:
1047:
156:
1933:
2482:
2120:
2115:
1878:
1570:
1522:
1103:
999:
70:
2032:
1894:
1851:
1737:
1691:
1463:
1452:"Analyzing the Reproductive Biology of Taxus: Should It be Included in Coniferales?"
2465:
2130:
1957:"An overview of extant conifer evolution from the perspective of the fossil record"
1119:
865:
589:
488:
421:
382:
242:
2047:
2214:
2357:
2300:
2184:
2125:
2048:"Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon"
1475:
966:
844:
791:
697:
673:
623:
519:
496:
259:
235:
228:
199:
45:
2452:
1703:
1701:
1546:
1768:
514:
252:
169:
90:
55:
2175:
1941:
1886:
1835:
1776:
1729:
1675:
1611:
1554:
1471:
1428:
1325:
2235:
2096:
1507:
538:. Phylogenetic evidence strongly supports a very close relationship between
406:
95:
2432:
2024:
1982:
1794:
1629:
1562:
1343:
1602:
17:
2427:
2169:
2110:
1753:"One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants"
1419:
1317:
510:
492:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2201:
1843:
1458:(615). International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS): 233–234.
467:
Taxaceae is now generally included with all other conifers in the order
1683:
1436:
1208:
640:
500:
480:
468:
375:
273:
189:
179:
100:
75:
2016:
1973:
1956:
2305:
2065:
1826:
1809:
1300:
Dörken, Veit Martin; Nimsch, Hubertus; Rudall, Paula J (2018-08-22).
444:
425:
2318:
2279:
2146:
1721:
1667:
1410:
2240:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
987:
776:
764:
714:
448:
402:
386:
266:
143:
113:
440:
436:
398:
389:, or in older interpretations three genera and 7 to 12 species.
2150:
2069:
1641:
1639:
472:
353:
2227:
961:- Taiwan plum yew, Taiwan cow's-tail pine, or Wilson plum yew
530:) comprises six extant genera and about 30 species overall.
362:
347:
341:
1763:(7780). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 679–685.
1499:
The conifers and taxads of Japan. Issued
December 30, 1916
424:
are 2–5 millimetres (0.079–0.197 in) long, and shed
329:
1865:
Doyle, James A. (1998). "Phylogeny of
Vascular Plants".
1810:"A cladistic analysis of conifers: preliminary results"
1751:
One
Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative (2019).
560:(or other genera in Taxaceae) as a distinct family,.
359:
344:
338:
332:
1267:
326:
248:
2159:
517:) of Sweden. Fossils belonging to the living genus
335:
1390:Chase, M. W.; Soltis, D. E.; et al. (1993).
1379:Yew Poisoning: MedLine Plus Medical Encyclopedia
1256:- kaya, Japanese torreya, or Japanese nutmeg-yew
499:, which diverged from them during the early-mid
385:and two extinct genera, and about 30 species of
491:, from which it diverged during the early-mid
2081:
1312:(1). Oxford University Press (OUP): 133–143.
503:. The oldest confirmed member of Taxaceae is
8:
1366:The genera of South African flowering plants
1910:"Female reproductive structures in Taxales"
1716:(7). Canadian Science Publishing: 658–669.
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
350:
2147:
2088:
2074:
2066:
1248:- Jack's nutmeg tree, longleaf torreya etc
112:
31:
1972:
1825:
1784:
1619:
1601:
1418:
1333:
495:. The clade comprising both is sister to
1908:Stützel, Thomas; Röwekamp, Iris (1999).
1867:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
526:The broadly defined Taxaceae (including
121:Foliage and mature arils of a yew plant
1996:Leslie, Andrew B.; et al. (2018).
1399:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1285:
7:
2381:b7901bb5-fd11-406c-8ea6-95c5a154e1df
905:- Korean plum yew, Japanese plum-yew
1368:. South Africa: Government Printer.
860:- New Caledonia yew or southern yew
689:
665:
615:
608:
578:
571:
2420:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30026279-2
1450:Anderson, E.; Owens, J.N. (2003).
25:
1879:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.567
322:
130:
106:(possible Late Triassic records)
2499:Extant Eocene first appearances
1814:Journal of the Arnold Arboretum
1502:. Cambridge: University Press.
1464:10.17660/actahortic.2003.615.22
1203:Wallich yew, East Himalayan yew
1998:"ajb21143-sup-0004-AppendixS4"
1873:(1). Annual Reviews: 567–599.
1364:Phillips, Edwin Percy (1951).
1075:Rigid branch yew, Japanese yew
435:As the seed matures, a fleshy
397:They are many-branched, small
1:
1934:10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30893-9
1496:Wilson, Ernest Henry (1916).
870:Siebold & Zucc. ex Endl.
2052:Palaeontographica Americana
1920:(2). Elsevier BV: 145–157.
2515:
2005:American Journal of Botany
1961:American Journal of Botany
1547:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4
2106:
2046:Manchester, S.R. (1994).
1808:Hart, Jeffrey A. (1987).
1769:10.1038/s41586-019-1693-2
902:Cephalotaxus harringtonii
711:
694:
687:
670:
663:
637:
620:
613:
606:
586:
576:
297:
290:
224:
219:
127:Scientific classification
125:
120:
111:
34:
1019:Pacific yew, western yew
894:Cephalotaxus hainanensis
308:Kudo & Yamamoto 1931
1590:National Science Review
1508:10.5962/bhl.title.17457
958:Cephalotaxus wilsoniana
929:- Broad-leaved plum yew
918:Cephalotaxus lanceolata
886:Cephalotaxus griffithii
836:Amentotaxus yunnanensis
568:Phylogeny of Taxaceae.
420:. The catkin like male
370:), commonly called the
926:Cephalotaxus latifolia
831:- Poilane's catkin yew
804:Amentotaxus argotaenia
786:
774:
41:Early Jurassic–Present
2402:Paleobiology Database
950:Cephalotaxus sinensis
889:- Griffith's plum yew
878:Cephalotaxus fortunei
851:– New Caledonia yew
820:Amentotaxus formosana
780:
771:Cephalotaxus sinensis
768:
1240:- Chinese nutmeg yew
1232:- Farges nutmeg tree
1224:- California torreya
982:- the whiteberry yew
942:Cephalotaxus oliveri
910:Cephalotaxus koreana
828:Amentotaxus poilanei
812:Amentotaxus assamica
506:Palaeotaxus rediviva
1926:1999FMDFE.194..145S
1660:2002KewBu..57..513Q
1603:10.1093/nsr/nwaa138
1539:2021NatPl...7.1015S
1221:Torreya californica
1192:Taxus umbraculifera
1035:Asian limestone yew
1011:Delicate branch yew
979:Pseudotaxus chienii
945:- Oliver's plum yew
934:Cephalotaxus mannii
921:- Gongshan plum yew
857:Austrotaxus spicata
839:- Yunnan catkin yew
823:- Taiwan catkin yew
485:Ernest Henry Wilson
381:which includes six
1456:Acta Horticulturae
1318:10.1093/aob/mcy150
1272:Torreya clarnensis
1067:West Himalayan yew
973:– White-berry yew
953:- Chinese plum yew
881:- Chinese plum-yew
815:- Assam catkin yew
787:
775:
509:from the earliest
27:Family of conifers
2476:
2475:
2389:Open Tree of Life
2153:Taxon identifiers
2144:
2143:
2017:10.1002/ajb2.1143
1974:10.1002/ajb2.1143
1654:(3). JSTOR: 513.
1596:(11): 1765–1767.
1405:(3). JSTOR: 528.
1261:Torreya taxifolia
1200:Taxus wallichiana
937:- Mann's yew plum
913:- Korean plum yew
897:- Hainan plum-yew
762:
761:
753:
752:
744:
743:
735:
734:
726:
725:
652:
651:
432:tufts or clumps.
405:. The leaves are
315:
314:
309:
303:
215:
16:(Redirected from
2506:
2494:Pinales families
2469:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2360:
2358:NBNSYS0000161097
2348:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2308:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2282:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2148:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2011:(9): 1531–1544.
2002:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1967:(9): 1531–1544.
1952:
1946:
1945:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1829:
1827:10.5962/p.185944
1805:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1623:
1605:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1533:(8): 1015–1025.
1518:
1512:
1511:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1474:. Archived from
1447:
1441:
1440:
1422:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1306:Annals of Botany
1297:
1269:
1253:Torreya nucifera
1229:Torreya fargesii
1214:
1195:Umbrelliform yew
1176:Taxus suffnessii
1160:Taxus rehderiana
1112:Taxus kingstonii
1107:Mesoamerican yew
1080:Taxus fastigiata
1040:Taxus canadensis
1024:Taxus caespitosa
1016:Taxus brevifolia
993:
972:
871:
850:
797:
783:Taxus brevifolia
690:
666:
616:
609:
579:
572:
369:
368:
365:
364:
361:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
307:
306:Cephalotaxaceae
301:
250:
213:
135:
134:
116:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2377:
2369:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2265:
2260:
2252:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2126:Sciadopityaceae
2102:
2094:
2064:
2063:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1722:10.1139/b08-062
1707:
1706:
1699:
1668:10.2307/4110984
1645:
1644:
1637:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1411:10.2307/2399846
1394:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1237:Torreya grandis
1212:
1184:Taxus sumatrana
1152:Taxus recurvata
1088:Taxus floridana
1072:Taxus cuspidata
1056:Taxus chinensis
1032:Taxus calcicola
1008:Taxus biternata
991:
970:
869:
848:
798:– Catkin-yew
795:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
653:
566:
536:Cephalotaxaceae
497:Sciadopityaceae
477:micromorphology
465:
457:
412:The plants are
395:
358:
325:
321:
300:Austrotaxaceae
212:
129:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2512:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:wfo-7000000599
2457:
2447:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2398:
2385:
2375:
2362:
2349:
2336:
2323:
2310:
2297:
2284:
2271:
2258:
2245:
2232:
2219:
2206:
2196:
2181:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2038:
1988:
1947:
1900:
1857:
1820:(3): 269–307.
1800:
1743:
1697:
1635:
1576:
1513:
1488:
1442:
1382:
1371:
1349:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1245:Torreya jackii
1241:
1233:
1225:
1215:– Nutmeg yew
1205:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1171:Scutaceous yew
1164:
1156:
1148:
1144:Taxus phytonii
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1096:Taxus florinii
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1064:Taxus contorta
1060:
1052:
1048:Taxus celebica
1044:
1036:
1028:
1027:Caespitosa yew
1020:
1012:
1004:
984:
983:
963:
962:
954:
946:
938:
930:
922:
914:
906:
898:
890:
882:
862:
861:
841:
840:
832:
824:
816:
808:
788:
760:
759:
756:
755:
751:
750:
747:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
733:
732:
729:
728:
724:
723:
720:
719:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
693:
688:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
669:
664:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
650:
649:
646:
645:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
619:
614:
612:
607:
605:
599:
598:
595:
594:
585:
577:
575:
570:
565:
562:
464:
463:Classification
461:
456:
453:
394:
391:
313:
312:
311:
310:
304:
295:
294:
288:
287:
286:
285:
277:
270:
263:
256:
246:
239:
232:
222:
221:
217:
216:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
160:
159:
154:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
123:
122:
118:
117:
109:
108:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
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2137:
2134:
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2121:Podocarpaceae
2119:
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2116:Araucariaceae
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
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1528:
1527:Nature Plants
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1500:
1492:
1489:
1478:on 2022-11-26
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1426:
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1420:1969.1/179875
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1393:
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1296:
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1264:- Gopher wood
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1197:
1194:
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1189:
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1173:
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1169:
1168:Taxus scutata
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:Taxus ocreata
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:Taxus obscura
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
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1104:Taxus globosa
1101:
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1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:Taxus baccata
997:
996:
995:
994:– Common yew
990:
989:
981:
980:
976:
975:
974:
969:
968:
960:
959:
955:
952:
951:
947:
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709:
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618:
617:
611:
610:
604:
601:
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591:
584:
583:Cephalotaxeae
581:
580:
574:
573:
569:
563:
561:
559:
555:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
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377:
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367:
319:
305:
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284:(fossil wood)
283:
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278:
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264:
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261:
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254:
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245:
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157:Tracheophytes
155:
152:
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133:
128:
124:
119:
115:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
2160:
2135:
2131:Cupressaceae
2055:
2051:
2041:
2008:
2004:
1991:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1713:
1709:
1651:
1648:Kew Bulletin
1647:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1498:
1491:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1455:
1445:
1402:
1398:
1385:
1374:
1365:
1309:
1305:
1270:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1187:Sumatera yew
1182:
1179:Suffness yew
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1120:Taxus mairei
1118:
1115:Kingston yew
1110:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1006:
1003:European yew
998:
986:
985:
977:
965:
964:
956:
948:
940:
932:
924:
916:
908:
900:
892:
884:
876:
866:Cephalotaxus
864:
863:
855:
843:
842:
834:
826:
818:
810:
807:- Catkin yew
802:
790:
789:
781:
769:
713:
712:
696:
695:
672:
671:
639:
638:
622:
621:
590:Cephalotaxus
588:
587:
567:
558:Cephalotaxus
557:
554:Cephalotaxus
553:
549:Cephalotaxus
548:
545:Cephalotaxus
544:
540:Cephalotaxus
539:
532:Cephalotaxus
531:
528:Cephalotaxus
527:
525:
518:
504:
489:Cupressaceae
466:
458:
455:Distribution
434:
430:
416:, or rarely
411:
396:
371:
317:
316:
281:Taxaceoxylon
279:
272:
265:
258:
251:
243:Cephalotaxus
241:
234:
227:
209:
170:Gymnospermae
163:
150:
29:
2301:iNaturalist
2185:Wikispecies
1155:English yew
1131:Obscure yew
1091:Florida yew
1051:Celebes yew
967:Pseudotaxus
872:– Plum yew
845:Austrotaxus
792:Amentotaxus
698:Pseudotaxus
674:Austrotaxus
624:Amentotaxus
520:Amentotaxus
393:Description
260:Pseudotaxus
236:Austrotaxus
229:Amentotaxus
200:Cupressales
2483:Categories
2319:30026279-2
1482:2021-06-22
1163:Rehder yew
1147:Phyton yew
1099:Florin yew
1043:Canada yew
515:Hettangian
418:monoecious
376:coniferous
372:yew family
302:Neger 1907
253:Diploporus
176:Division:
18:Yew family
2097:Pinophyta
1942:0367-2530
1887:0066-4162
1836:0004-2625
1777:0028-0836
1730:1916-2790
1676:0075-5974
1612:2095-5138
1571:236141481
1555:2055-0278
1472:0567-7572
1429:0026-6493
1326:0305-7364
1280:Footnotes
1139:Scaly yew
1123:Maire yew
1083:Irish yew
1059:China yew
971:W.C.Cheng
603:Taxoideae
564:Phylogeny
414:dioecious
407:evergreen
190:Pinopsida
180:Pinophyta
140:Kingdom:
2489:Taxaceae
2450:VASCAN:
2433:42000416
2428:Tropicos
2199:BioLib:
2191:Taxaceae
2170:Wikidata
2161:Taxaceae
2136:Taxaceae
2111:Pinaceae
2100:families
2058:: 30–31.
2033:52120430
2025:30157290
1983:30157290
1895:85631751
1852:88860959
1844:43782212
1795:31645766
1738:14007221
1692:83816639
1630:34691509
1563:34282286
1344:30137225
511:Jurassic
493:Triassic
318:Taxaceae
292:Synonyms
214:S.F.Gray
210:Taxaceae
206:Family:
35:Taxaceae
2443:4963782
2176:Q223751
1922:Bibcode
1786:6872490
1684:4110984
1656:Bibcode
1621:8288717
1535:Bibcode
1437:2399846
1335:6344100
1209:Torreya
849:Compton
641:Torreya
501:Permian
481:Taxales
469:Pinales
374:, is a
274:Torreya
220:Genera
196:Order:
186:Class:
144:Plantae
2440:uBio:
2394:807158
2378:NZOR:
2345:194881
2332:119169
2031:
2023:
1981:
1940:
1893:
1885:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1793:
1783:
1775:
1757:Nature
1736:
1728:
1710:Botany
1690:
1682:
1674:
1628:
1618:
1610:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1470:
1435:
1427:
1342:
1332:
1324:
445:taxine
426:pollen
403:shrubs
387:plants
383:extant
379:family
2407:54797
2371:25623
2327:IRMNG
2306:47556
2267:10871
2254:10871
2241:1TAAF
2029:S2CID
2001:(PDF)
1914:Flora
1891:S2CID
1848:S2CID
1840:JSTOR
1734:S2CID
1688:S2CID
1680:JSTOR
1567:S2CID
1433:JSTOR
1395:(PDF)
988:Taxus
796:Pilg.
715:Taxus
471:, as
449:taxol
441:birds
422:cones
399:trees
267:Taxus
164:Clade
151:Clade
2415:POWO
2366:NCBI
2340:ITIS
2314:IPNI
2293:1097
2288:GRIN
2280:4863
2275:GBIF
2236:EPPO
2228:6750
2202:2427
2021:PMID
1979:PMID
1938:ISSN
1883:ISSN
1832:ISSN
1791:PMID
1773:ISSN
1726:ISSN
1672:ISSN
1626:PMID
1608:ISSN
1559:PMID
1551:ISSN
1468:ISSN
1425:ISSN
1340:PMID
1322:ISSN
1213:Arn.
447:and
437:aril
401:and
46:PreꞒ
2461:WFO
2453:227
2353:NBN
2262:FoC
2249:FNA
2223:EoL
2215:GXW
2210:CoL
2013:doi
2009:105
1969:doi
1965:105
1930:doi
1918:194
1875:doi
1822:doi
1781:PMC
1765:doi
1761:574
1718:doi
1664:doi
1616:PMC
1598:doi
1543:doi
1504:doi
1460:doi
1415:hdl
1407:doi
1330:PMC
1314:doi
1310:123
483:.
473:DNA
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2463::
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2368::
2355::
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2050:.
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2019:.
2007:.
2003:.
1977:.
1963:.
1959:.
1936:.
1928:.
1916:.
1912:.
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1881:.
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1818:68
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