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315:(York). The preface is dated Burton Hall, 26 May 1794; in June 1802 Wyvill wrote the preface to a fourth volume, and the papers were eventually concluded in six. They show the proceedings of the Yorkshire Association, and the sympathy of others interested in the reform of Parliament. The correspondence includes letters between the chairman of the association and, among others, the
33:
265:
Wyvill strongly disapproved of the subsequent war with France, to which he attributed industrial distress in
Yorkshire, and this completed his alienation from Pitt. In 1793 Wyvill published in pamphlet form correspondence that had passed between them. Some supplementary letters appeared at Newcastle
172:
wrote in a similar vein, and
Rockingham wanted to know if the Association had ever considered the practicability of the annual parliaments which they recommended. Wyvill's contention was that the long American war was due primarily, not to the wish of the people, but to the votes of the members of
184:
A committee under Wyvill was appointed to continue the pressure by correspondence, and the example of
Yorkshire was followed by other counties, 25 in all. In the period 1779 to 1781, when there was a delegate conference, the movement gained a broad base. Supporters included
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Political Papers, chiefly respecting the
Attempt of the County of York and other considerable Districts, commenced in 1779 … to effect a Reformation of the Parliament of Great Britain. Collected by the Rev. Christopher Wyvill, Chairman of the late Committee of
456:
On 1 October 1773 Wyvill married his cousin
Elizabeth, an heiress. She died in London on 22 July 1783, aged 68. He married, secondly, on 9 August 1787, Sarah, daughter of J. Codling, and by her had issue, with several daughters, three sons, all educated at
138:
and elsewhere, and the mansion at
Constable Burton, the building of which he completed from his cousin, Sir Marmaduke's, designs. He had some years previously taken orders and been presented through his cousin's influence to the rectory of
159:
In 1779 Wyvill was appointed secretary of the
Yorkshire Association, which had for its main objects to shorten the duration of parliaments, and to equalise the representation. He shortly became chairman of the association.
543:
266:
in a further brochure, and both had a large sale. Wyvill attached himself to the extreme Whig opposition, and he defended in a short pamphlet (early 1799) the secession of 1798. After Fox's death he gave his support to
670:
163:
Wyvill drew up a circular letter enunciating its political sentiments, and took a leading part in drawing up the
Yorkshire petition presented to parliament on 8 February 1780. A number of moderate Whigs, including
262:, and Sir Charles Turner, who spoke of the House of Commons as resembling a parcel of thieves that had stolen an estate and were afraid of letting any person look into their title-deeds for fear of losing it.
258:
With the end of the
American Revolutionary War in 1783, however, and the fall of Lord North, the Association disintegrated. Wyvill's supporters dwindled, to a small group including
80:
64:
to increase taxation. Frustrated with government profligacy, Wyvill and the gentry of
Yorkshire called for a package of 'economical reforms': cuts in government spending and
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562:
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A State of the Representation of the People of England on the Principles of Mr. Pitt in 1785, with an Annexed Sketch of Additional Propositions
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316:
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in 1740, the son of Edward Wyvill (died 1791), supervisor of excise there, by Christian Catherine, daughter of William Clifton of Edinburgh.
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Wyvill's correspondence with Pitt, and the political correspondence, are known as the "Wyvill Papers". Three volumes appeared in 1794–5 as
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151:, down to 22 September 1806. Debarred from entering the House of Commons, Wyvill began to take a prominent part in county politics.
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675:
528:
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Summary Explanation of the Principles of Mr. Pitt's intended Bill for Amending the Representation of the People in Parliament
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131:
465:(1791–1872), M.P. for York city from March 1820 to July 1830; Christopher Wyvill, a naval officer; and Edward, rector of
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in 1756, obtaining an honorary degree of LL.B. in 1764. In 1774 he came in for the large landed estates of the family in
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169:
210:
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168:, regarded Wyvill's manifesto as chimerical, Walpole writing that it was full of "obscurity, bombast, and futility".
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57:
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84:
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Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain: Reflections on the British Avoidance of Revolution
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328:
283:
244:
49:
698:
693:
521:
360:
336:
279:
590:
The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800: Volume I
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202:
88:
76:
634:
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Richard Pares, 'Review: George III, Lord North, and the People, 1779–80 by Herbert Butterfield',
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Ian R. Christie (1960) The Yorkshire Association, 1780–84: A Study in Political Organization,
466:
364:
243:" is in fact that of 1780—the revolution that we escaped". This interpretation was adopted by
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Letters to the Committee of Belfast on the proposed Reformation of the Parliament of Ireland
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argued that the Yorkshire Association was a quasi-revolutionary organisation and that "our "
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100:
99:, Wyvill's platform came to be seen as moderate. Its influence can be detected in the later
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Thoughts on our Articles of Religion with respect to their Proposed Utility to the State
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Wyvill's writings were mostly shilling tracts, advocating radical reform. They include:
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68:, annual parliaments and an increase in the number of county seats in parliament.
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Political and Historical Arguments proving the Necessity of Parliamentary Reform
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raised a number of issues surrounding parliamentary reform in opposition to the
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A more extended Discussion in Favour of Liberty of Conscience Recommended
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65:
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Intolerance, the Disgrace of Christians, not the Fault of their Religion
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415:
A Serious Address to all the Independent Electors of the United Kingdom
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Wyvill returned in later life to his early enthusiasm in the cause of
287:
177:. The Association had the sympathy of politicians including Pitt and
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663: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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31:
409:
Considerations on the Twofold Mode of Elections adopted in France
43:(1740–1822) was an English cleric and landowner, a political
298:. A portrait was in the possession of his great-grandson,
147:, which he continued to hold and administer by means of a
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failed to gain the necessary support. In the wake of the
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An Apology for the Petitioners for Liberty of Conscience
294:, on 8 March 1822, at the age of 82, and was buried at
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in 1780. Some moderate reforms were implemented by the
395:, 1792, (a plea for reform, with some reflections on
393:
A Defence of Dr. Price and the Reformers of England
27:English cleric, landowner and political reformer
592:(Princeton University Press, 1959), pp. 294–97.
577:George III, Lord North, and the People, 1779–80
8:
679:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
618:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), pp. 47–48.
605:, Vol. 65, No. 257 (Oct., 1950), pp. 526–29
532:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
247:but criticised by other historians such as
75:opposition, culminating in the carrying of
579:(London: G. Bell & Sons, 1949), p. vi.
286:. He died at his seat, Burton Hall, near
563:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
523:"Wyvill, Christopher (1740–1822)"
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219:George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester
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512:
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704:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
627:For more on Christopher Wyvill see:
327:, Lord Stanhope, Charles James Fox,
127:, was his great-great-grandfather.
121:Sir Christopher Wyvill, 3rd Baronet
71:Wyvill's cause was taken up by the
270:and the peace-at-any-price party.
47:who inspired the formation of the
25:
469:, who died on 15 September 1869.
377:, London, 1771, several editions.
676:Dictionary of National Biography
658:
529:Dictionary of National Biography
482:, Vol.3, No.2, pp. 144–161
282:; in particular he published on
671:Wyvill, Christopher (1740–1822)
641:A Naval Biographical Dictionary
544:"Wyvill, Christopher (WVL756C)"
1:
603:The English Historical Review
81:Rockingham-led administration
60:had forced the government of
635:"Wyvill, Christopher"
548:A Cambridge Alumni Database
302:M.P., of Constable Burton.
107:in the nineteenth century.
720:
550:. University of Cambridge.
441:, 1810 (several editions).
132:Queens' College, Cambridge
58:American Revolutionary War
363:, Sir George Savile, and
155:The Yorkshire Association
85:William Pitt the Younger
300:Marmaduke D'Arcy Wyvill
130:Wyvill matriculated at
644:. London: John Murray.
560:Their articles in the
480:The Historical Journal
339:, William Strickland,
231:William Johnson Temple
37:
575:Herbert Butterfield,
329:Major John Cartwright
284:Catholic emancipation
245:Robert Roswell Palmer
50:Yorkshire Association
35:
18:Yorkshire Association
439:Papers on Toleration
280:universal toleration
630:O'Byrne, William R.
237:Herbert Butterfield
207:Sir James Innes-Ker
203:Thomas Brand Hollis
89:Fox-North Coalition
53:movement in 1779.
41:Christopher Wyvill
38:
36:Christopher Wyvill
467:Fingal, Yorkshire
365:Benjamin Franklin
260:Sir George Savile
241:French Revolution
179:Charles James Fox
105:Chartist movement
97:French Revolution
91:in 1783, but his
16:(Redirected from
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268:Samuel Whitbread
227:Charles Stanhope
125:Constable Burton
101:Great Reform Act
77:Dunning's motion
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317:Duke of Grafton
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195:John Fountayne
175:close boroughs
170:Sir Cecil Wray
166:Horace Walpole
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699:1822 deaths
694:1740 births
653:Attribution
333:Capel Lofft
313:Association
187:John Baynes
688:Categories
473:References
274:Later life
223:John Smyth
111:Early life
83:of 1782.
62:Lord North
361:John Jebb
353:Tom Paine
347:, Bishop
325:Lansdowne
136:Yorkshire
117:Edinburgh
66:patronage
632:(1849).
211:John Lee
93:proposal
45:reformer
667::
435:, 1810.
429:, 1808.
423:, 1808.
417:, 1804.
411:, 1804.
389:, 1785.
383:, 1782.
290:in the
452:Family
288:Bedale
229:, and
149:curate
489:Notes
306:Works
145:Essex
123:, of
251:and
173:the
103:and
56:The
673:".
143:in
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497:^
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20:)
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