1136:
1020:
42:
1243:
2417:
1370:
The book begins by describing Yahweh's judgement. With a triple repetition of "I will sweep away" in 1:2–3, Zephaniah emphasizes the totality of the destruction, as the number three often signifies perfection in the Bible. The order of creatures in
Zephanaiah 1:2 ("humans and animals ... the birds
1193:
As with many of the other prophets, there is no external evidence to directly associate composition of the book with a prophet by the name of
Zephaniah. Some scholars, such as Kent Harold Richards and Jason DeRouchie, consider the words in Zephaniah to reflect a time early in the reign of
1233:
a generation or two previously—an exile that the
Judahite literary tradition attributed to Yahweh's anger against Israel's disobedience to his covenant. In this historical context, Zephaniah urges Judah to obedience to Yahweh, saying that "perhaps" he will forgive them if they do.
1135:
1384:
As is common in prophetic literature in the Bible, a "remnant" survives Yahweh's judgement in
Zephaniah by humbly seeking refuge in Yahweh. The book concludes in an announcement of hope and joy, as Yahweh "bursts forth in joyful divine celebration" over his people.
2420:
3035:
1371:... the fish") is the opposite of the creation order in Genesis 1:1–28, signifying an undoing of creation. This is also signified by the way that "from the face of the earth" forms an
2667:
2720:
1502:
3652:
3534:
2510:
1343:
More consistently than any other prophetic book, Zephaniah focuses on "the day of the Lord," developing this tradition from its first appearance in
3611:
2657:
3519:
3514:
1151:
The book's superscription attributes its authorship to "Zephaniah son of Cushi son of
Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah, in the days of
3529:
3220:
2167:
2131:
2101:
2067:
41:
3326:
2682:
1006:
1210:. Some who consider the book to have largely been written by a historical Zephaniah have suggested that he may have been a disciple of
3647:
3321:
3182:
3289:
2229:
2191:
1222:
If
Zephaniah was largely composed during the monarchic period, then its composition was occasioned by Judah's refusal to obey its
3407:
3284:
3135:
2713:
1509:
1447:
963:
2687:
2662:
3667:
2503:
2378:
3731:
1202:(698/687–642 BC). Others agree that some portion of the book is postmonarchic, that is, dating to later than 586 BC when the
1198:(640–609 BC) before his reforms of 622 BC took full effect, in which case the prophet may have been born during the reign of
1182:
maintains that, based on the context, "Cushi" must be understood as a personal name rather than an indicator of nationality.
3726:
3621:
2677:
3616:
1588:
3700:
3130:
2706:
1227:
1207:
958:
2401:
3721:
3304:
2604:
2496:
2672:
3336:
3315:
3309:
2387:
3331:
3299:
3294:
3030:
2407:
1434:
The original manuscript of this book has been lost. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book in
1019:
3657:
3637:
3509:
3366:
3227:
2967:
1378:
999:
1497:(6th century). Some fragments containing parts of the Septuagint version of this book were found among the
3493:
3376:
3361:
3351:
2943:
1123:
interpreted the name to mean "the watchman of the Lord". The original text of the prophecy was written in
823:
1909:
1883:
1685:
1423:
3442:
3381:
3371:
3279:
2271:
1603:
1096:
741:
257:
1975:
1567:
2369:
2346:
1932:
1785:
1599:
1394:
3642:
3562:
3274:
3187:
3097:
2863:
2750:
2609:
1708:
925:
722:
437:
1789:
1758:
1242:
3584:
3549:
3346:
3025:
2808:
2778:
2298:
2153:
1797:
1781:
1223:
879:
619:
570:
500:
122:
3154:
3476:
3391:
3197:
3192:
3077:
3040:
3020:
2950:
2578:
2055:
1793:
1494:
1490:
1230:
992:
905:
874:
2360:
2326:
2265:
2215:
1463:
490:
3677:
3486:
3481:
3422:
3254:
3164:
3107:
2928:
2768:
2225:
2187:
2163:
2127:
2097:
2081:
2063:
1199:
1120:
934:
800:
560:
317:
102:
1381:
in
Genesis 6:7, Genesis 7:4, and Genesis 8:8, where it also connotes an undoing of creation.
3662:
3557:
3539:
3471:
3459:
3417:
3356:
3341:
3232:
3120:
2913:
2858:
2838:
2818:
2568:
2452:
2085:
1498:
1486:
1459:
1282:
1203:
1183:
1108:
1041:
948:
785:
717:
668:
629:
585:
376:
302:
233:
2410:) (Creative Commons translation with in-depth introduction and extensive translation notes)
3454:
3432:
3386:
2933:
2893:
2868:
2798:
2773:
2758:
2177:
2157:
2149:
1482:
1455:
1443:
1435:
1408:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1293:
1124:
1080:
1024:
805:
765:
727:
693:
609:
565:
550:
322:
282:
243:
188:
112:
82:
2281:
1246:
Illustration depicting
Zephaniah addressing the people, from a French 16th-century Bible
3690:
3672:
3606:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3215:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2991:
2986:
2962:
2923:
2873:
2853:
2823:
2803:
2788:
2783:
2763:
2729:
2619:
2467:
2313:
2205:
2119:
1439:
1398:
1348:
1112:
870:
865:
860:
845:
840:
795:
732:
712:
634:
614:
599:
594:
555:
480:
457:
312:
223:
198:
178:
168:
92:
1214:
because of the two books' similar focus on rampant corruption and injustice in Judah.
3715:
3437:
3246:
3115:
2981:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2878:
2848:
2746:
2599:
2480:
2441:
2201:
1156:
1100:
943:
835:
780:
775:
770:
750:
703:
678:
524:
417:
400:
297:
292:
287:
267:
3695:
3595:
3524:
3426:
2888:
2883:
2843:
2813:
2793:
2741:
2476:
2354:
2145:
2141:
2115:
2111:
2077:
1451:
1360:
1344:
1179:
982:
760:
755:
673:
649:
624:
604:
447:
427:
277:
272:
49:
1178:. While some have concluded from this that Zephaniah was dark-skinned or African,
2219:
2181:
2090:
3578:
3174:
3092:
3087:
3001:
2996:
2828:
1584:
1470:
920:
915:
855:
850:
658:
386:
1458:(1008). Fragments containing parts of this book in Hebrew were found among the
3567:
1478:
1474:
1304:
541:
212:
157:
140:
3082:
2629:
2573:
2563:
2558:
2293:
Old
Testament Survey: the Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament
2264:
1415:
1316:
1160:
910:
31:
17:
3589:
3159:
3146:
3125:
3072:
3067:
2614:
2553:
2426:
1405:
1377:
around
Zephaniah 1:2-3, hearkening back to how the phrase is used in the
1373:
1187:
1171:
1140:
953:
900:
895:
30:
This article is about the Book of Zephaniah. For the Hebrew prophet, see
1393:
Because of its hopeful tone of the gathering and restoration of exiles,
3601:
3466:
2538:
2340:
1477:, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the
1419:
1327:
340:
1115:. Zephaniah is a male given name that is usually interpreted to mean "
3572:
3449:
2833:
2698:
2624:
2543:
2459:
2224:. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans.
1211:
1195:
1152:
1116:
1104:
1028:
663:
366:
2488:
2366:(ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
1462:, including 4Q77 (4QXII; 150–125 BCE), 4Q78 (4QXII; 75–50 BCE), and
1730:
1728:
3412:
2733:
2643:
2548:
2533:
1241:
1167:
1134:
1027:(AD. 1008) contains the complete text of the Book of Zephaniah in
65:
1174:," and the text of Zephaniah mentions the sin and restoration of
2583:
2207:
The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
1893:
1891:
1807:
1805:
1411:
1190:, though that is not a claim advanced in the text of Zephaniah.
2702:
2492:
1657:
1655:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1613:
1611:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
2254:
Zephaniah: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
2186:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
1119:
has hidden/protected," or "Yahweh hides". The church father
1071:
1065:
1056:
1050:
2305:(New International Commentary on the Old Testament, 1990)
1987:
1985:
2256:. The Anchor Bible Volume 25A. Toronto: Doubleday, 1994.
1186:
interpreted the name Hezekiah in the superscription as
2183:
A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
1062:
1053:
1047:
1044:
3630:
3548:
3502:
3400:
3245:
3208:
3173:
3144:
3106:
3051:
2958:
2942:
2740:
2650:
2638:
2592:
2526:
1059:
499:
489:
479:
456:
446:
436:
426:
416:
385:
375:
365:
242:
232:
222:
197:
187:
177:
167:
121:
111:
101:
91:
81:
2089:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1466:Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE).
1404:Zephaniah served as a major inspiration for the
1347:. The day of the Lord tradition also appears in
1418:," whose title and opening words are from the
1226:obligations toward Yahweh despite having seen
2714:
2504:
1920:
1897:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1769:
1746:
1734:
1719:
1696:
1673:
1661:
1646:
1629:
1617:
1554:
1537:
1000:
8:
1143:, with part of the Book of Zephaniah (Latin
2303:The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah
2062:(rev. ed.). New York: Harper Collins.
1253:supplies headings for the book as follows:
1170:," Zephaniah's father, means "Cushite" or "
1068:
2955:
2721:
2707:
2699:
2511:
2497:
2489:
2432:
2295:. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1996.
2280:Hirsch, Emil G. & Ira Maurice Price. "
1139:A 13th-century Latin Bible, possibly from
1007:
993:
829:
699:
534:
353:
153:
59:
36:
2027:
1943:
2039:
2015:
1991:
1976:"General Info | The Way To Yahuweh"
1255:
1018:
2277:Transcribed by Thomas M. Barrett. 2003.
1572:EWTN Global Catholic Television Network
1568:"The Prophecy of Sophonias | EWTN"
1519:
1257:Verse and chapter headings in the HCSB
933:
887:
740:
702:
523:
470:
399:
356:
256:
211:
156:
48:
2122:; Naselli, Andrew David, eds. (2015).
2003:
1955:
476:
413:
362:
219:
164:
78:
2347:Tzefaniah – Zephaniah (Judaica Press)
2333:Translations of the book of Zephaniah
2096:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7:
2316:. Minneapolis, Fortress Press, 2003.
2275:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1448:the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets
3653:Other books referenced in the Bible
3612:New Testament manuscript categories
2327:Zephaniah at JewishEncyclopedia.com
1084:
3183:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
25:
1469:There is also a translation into
2415:
2269:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2259:Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897.
2058:; Meeks, Wayne A., eds. (2006).
1510:List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts
1040:
40:
3668:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2393:(Authorized King James Version)
2156:; Taylor, Justin, eds. (2008).
2384:(New Revised Standard Version)
2291:LaSor, William Sanford et al.
2060:The Harper Collins Study Bible
1632:, pp. 781–784, 918, 1043.
1442:tradition, which includes the
1:
2398:Non-affiliated translations:
2266:"Sophonias (Zephaniah)"
2221:The Text of the Old Testament
1326:Punishment and Conversion of
1251:The HarperCollins Study Bible
2403:The Heavenly Fire: Zephaniah
1503:Naḥal Ḥever (1st century CE)
2425:public domain audiobook at
2126:. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
1430:Surviving early manuscripts
3748:
3648:English Bible translations
3036:Song of the Three Children
2349:translation at Chabad.org
1507:
29:
3686:
2683:American Standard Version
2474:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2435:
2124:NIV Zondervan Study Bible
1812:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1735:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1720:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1647:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1091:; sometimes Latinized as
1159:," All that is known of
3510:Intertestamental period
2310:Zephaniah: A Commentary
1379:Genesis flood narrative
1281:The Coming Judgment on
3494:Apocalyptic literature
3131:Paralipomena of Baruch
2286:JewishEncyclopedia.com
2263:Faulhaber, M. (1913).
2092:The Jewish Study Bible
1247:
1188:King Hezekiah of Judah
1148:
1095:) is the ninth of the
1032:
959:Paralipomena of Baruch
3732:Twelve Minor Prophets
3658:Additional Scriptures
3622:New Testament uncials
2688:World English Version
2272:Catholic Encyclopedia
2162:. Wheaton: Crossway.
1508:Further information:
1397:has been included in
1245:
1163:comes from the text.
1138:
1097:Twelve Minor Prophets
1022:
3727:7th-century BC books
3643:Bible version debate
3617:New Testament papyri
3563:Samaritan Pentateuch
3188:Testament of Abraham
3126:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2154:Schreiner, Thomas R.
2118:; Alexander, T. D.;
1456:Codex Leningradensis
1111:and followed by the
954:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3585:Muratorian fragment
3520:New Testament canon
3515:Old Testament canon
3408:Chapters and verses
3026:Additions to Daniel
2992:Additions to Esther
2308:Sweeney, Marvin A.
2299:O. Palmer Robertson
2178:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
2144:; Dennis, Lane T.;
2056:Attridge, Harold W.
2018:, pp. 140–141.
1737:, pp. 1259–60.
1722:, pp. 1260–64.
1699:, pp. 758–759.
1258:
1131:Authorship and date
880:Additions to Daniel
846:Additions to Esther
3198:Testament of Jacob
3193:Testament of Isaac
3078:Prayer of Manasseh
3041:Bel and the Dragon
3021:Letter of Jeremiah
2678:King James Version
2579:Sodom and Gomorrah
2437:Book of Zephaniah
2382:at The Great Books
2375:(various versions)
2082:Brettler, Marc Zvi
1921:Grudem et al. 2008
1898:Berlin et al. 2004
1872:Grudem et al. 2008
1860:Berlin et al. 2004
1848:Berlin et al. 2004
1836:Grudem et al. 2008
1824:Berlin et al. 2004
1770:Berlin et al. 2004
1747:Berlin et al. 2004
1697:Berlin et al. 2004
1674:Berlin et al. 2004
1662:Berlin et al. 2004
1630:Berlin et al. 2004
1618:Berlin et al. 2004
1555:Carson et al. 2015
1538:Grudem et al. 2008
1495:Codex Marchalianus
1493:(5th century) and
1491:Codex Alexandrinus
1315:The Wickedness of
1256:
1248:
1208:Siege of Jerusalem
1149:
1107:, preceded by the
1033:
906:Prayer of Manasseh
875:Letter of Jeremiah
3722:Book of Zephaniah
3709:
3708:
3678:Textual criticism
3241:
3240:
3165:Psalms of Solomon
3108:Orthodox Tewahedo
2696:
2695:
2520:Book of Zephaniah
2487:
2486:
2465:Succeeded by
2364:at GospelHall.org
2086:Fishbane, Michael
2030:, pp. 73–74.
1946:, pp. 35–37.
1424:Zephaniah 1:15–16
1341:
1340:
1273:(Superscription)
1121:Jerome of Stridon
1037:Book of Zephaniah
1017:
1016:
977:
976:
971:
970:
935:Orthodox Tewahedo
861:Wisdom of Solomon
813:
812:
519:
518:
513:
512:
509:
508:
466:
465:
395:
394:
331:
330:
252:
251:
207:
206:
131:
130:
27:Book of the Bible
16:(Redirected from
3739:
3558:Dead Sea Scrolls
3540:Dating the Bible
3418:Historical books
3055:Eastern Orthodox
2968:Eastern Orthodox
2956:
2949:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2673:Wycliffe Version
2513:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2450:Preceded by
2433:
2429:Various versions
2419:
2418:
2373:at CrossWalk.com
2276:
2268:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2216:Würthwein, Ernst
2211:
2197:
2173:
2169:978-1-43350241-5
2150:Collins, C. John
2137:
2133:978-0-31043833-5
2116:Hess, Richard S.
2107:
2103:978-0-19529751-5
2095:
2073:
2069:978-0-06122840-7
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1800:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1499:Dead Sea Scrolls
1487:Codex Sinaiticus
1481:version include
1460:Dead Sea Scrolls
1454:(10th century),
1259:
1204:Kingdom of Judah
1184:Abraham ibn Ezra
1109:Book of Habakkuk
1086:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1009:
1002:
995:
830:
826:
824:Deuterocanonical
700:
696:
652:
588:
544:
535:
529:
477:
414:
407:
363:
354:
349:
345:
220:
165:
154:
149:
145:
79:
74:
70:
60:
54:
44:
37:
21:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3682:
3626:
3544:
3535:Christian canon
3498:
3433:Prophetic books
3396:
3327:2 Thessalonians
3322:1 Thessalonians
3237:
3204:
3169:
3140:
3102:
3061:
3047:
2975:
2947:
2946:
2938:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2697:
2692:
2646:
2634:
2588:
2522:
2517:
2479:
2470:
2455:
2445:
2438:
2416:
2323:
2262:
2252:Berlin, Adele.
2249:
2247:Further reading
2236:
2234:
2232:
2214:
2200:
2194:
2176:
2170:
2159:ESV Study Bible
2140:
2134:
2120:Moo, Douglas J.
2110:
2104:
2088:, eds. (2004).
2076:
2070:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1923:, p. 1739.
1919:
1915:
1908:
1904:
1900:, p. 1242.
1896:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1874:, p. 1738.
1870:
1866:
1862:, p. 1241.
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1838:, p. 1732.
1834:
1830:
1826:, p. 1505.
1822:
1818:
1814:, p. 1260.
1810:
1803:
1780:
1776:
1772:, p. 1169.
1768:
1764:
1757:
1753:
1749:, p. 1186.
1745:
1741:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1686:1 Kings 17:5–18
1684:
1680:
1676:, p. 1234.
1672:
1668:
1664:, p. 2111.
1660:
1653:
1649:, p. 1259.
1645:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1620:, p. 1235.
1616:
1609:
1598:
1594:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1557:, p. 1839.
1553:
1544:
1540:, p. 1729.
1536:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1489:(4th century),
1485:(4th century),
1483:Codex Vaticanus
1464:Wadi Murabba'at
1444:Codex Cairensis
1432:
1422:translation of
1391:
1389:Later influence
1294:Day of the Lord
1240:
1220:
1133:
1125:Biblical Hebrew
1043:
1039:
1025:Leningrad Codex
1013:
973:
972:
827:
822:
815:
814:
697:
692:
685:
684:
683:
653:
648:
641:
640:
639:
589:
584:
577:
576:
575:
545:
540:
527:
515:
514:
405:
351:
347:
341:
333:
332:
327:
151:
147:
141:
133:
132:
76:
72:
66:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3673:Synod of Hippo
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3607:Masoretic Text
3604:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3443:Minor prophets
3440:
3438:Major prophets
3430:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3216:Pseudepigrapha
3212:
3210:
3209:Classification
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:Psalms 152–155
3151:
3149:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3023:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2809:1–2 Chronicles
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2442:Minor prophets
2439:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2357:translations:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2343:translations:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2321:External links
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:Paul D. Hanson
2306:
2296:
2289:
2278:
2260:
2257:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2230:
2212:
2204:, ed. (2010).
2202:Ulrich, Eugene
2198:
2192:
2174:
2168:
2138:
2132:
2108:
2102:
2074:
2068:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2042:, p. 127.
2032:
2028:Würthwein 1995
2020:
2008:
2006:, p. 618.
1996:
1981:
1960:
1958:, p. 616.
1948:
1944:Würthwein 1995
1936:
1925:
1913:
1902:
1887:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1801:
1786:Ezekiel 30:2–3
1774:
1762:
1751:
1739:
1724:
1712:
1701:
1689:
1678:
1666:
1651:
1634:
1622:
1607:
1592:
1577:
1559:
1542:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1440:Masoretic Text
1431:
1428:
1399:Jewish liturgy
1395:Zephaniah 3:20
1390:
1387:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1239:
1236:
1219:
1216:
1132:
1129:
1113:Book of Haggai
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1004:
997:
989:
986:
985:
979:
978:
975:
974:
969:
968:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
938:
937:
931:
930:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
890:
889:
885:
884:
883:
882:
877:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
828:
821:
820:
817:
816:
811:
810:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
745:
744:
742:Minor prophets
738:
737:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
707:
706:
704:Major prophets
698:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
654:
647:
646:
643:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
620:1–2 Chronicles
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
590:
583:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
546:
539:
538:
531:
530:
528:(Christianity)
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
510:
507:
506:
505:Divre Hayyamim
503:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
483:
473:
472:
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
410:
409:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
359:
358:
352:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
264:
261:
260:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
216:
215:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
171:
161:
160:
152:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
85:
77:
64:
63:
56:
55:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3744:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:2 Corinthians
3288:
3286:
3285:1 Corinthians
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3247:New Testament
3244:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:New Testament
3226:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3136:Broader canon
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Song of Songs
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:Old Testament
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Latin Vulgate
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Amon of Judah
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2481:Old Testament
2478:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2391:at Wikisource
2390:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2233:
2231:0-8028-0788-7
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2193:9780802862419
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:Packer, J. I.
2143:
2142:Grudem, Wayne
2139:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2112:Carson, D. A.
2109:
2105:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:Berlin, Adele
2075:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2040:Fitzmyer 2008
2036:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:Fitzmyer 2008
2012:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1994:, p. 38.
1993:
1992:Fitzmyer 2008
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1850:, p. 21.
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:Zephaniah 1:1
1581:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:known as the
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1215:
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3525:Antilegomena
3427:Poetic Books
3423:Wisdom books
3401:Subdivisions
3314:
3019: /
2944:Deuterocanon
2918:
2864:Lamentations
2844:Ecclesiastes
2751:(protocanon)
2742:Hebrew Bible
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1884:Zeph 3:12–13
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1303:Judgment on
1262:Verse (NRSV)
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873: /
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674:Ecclesiastes
448:Ecclesiastes
438:Lamentations
402:
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67:
3701:WikiProject
3579:Diatessaron
3550:Manuscripts
3503:Development
3305:Philippians
3175:Beta Israel
3093:4 Maccabees
3088:3 Maccabees
3002:2 Maccabees
2997:1 Maccabees
2779:Deuteronomy
2605:Cherethites
2237:January 26,
2004:Ulrich 2010
1956:Ulrich 2010
1798:Malachi 4:5
1782:Isaiah 13:6
1604:Zeph 3:9–10
1471:Koine Greek
1438:are of the
1328:the Nations
1196:King Josiah
1153:King Josiah
921:4 Maccabees
916:3 Maccabees
856:2 Maccabees
851:1 Maccabees
571:Deuteronomy
123:Deuteronomy
18:Zephaniah 1
3716:Categories
3638:Authorship
3568:Septuagint
3413:Pentateuch
3392:Revelation
3316:Laodiceans
3310:Colossians
2799:1–2 Samuel
2663:Septuagint
1790:Obadiah 15
1479:Septuagint
1475:Septuagint
1292:The Great
1166:The name "
610:1–2 Samuel
586:Historical
542:Pentateuch
501:Chronicles
471:Historical
348:(Writings)
148:(Prophets)
3477:Johannine
3337:2 Timothy
3332:1 Timothy
3300:Ephesians
3295:Galatians
3083:Psalm 151
2951:apocrypha
2929:Zechariah
2919:Zephaniah
2804:1–2 Kings
2769:Leviticus
2630:Zephaniah
2574:Philistia
2564:Jerusalem
2477:Christian
2422:Zephaniah
2389:Zephaniah
2380:Zephaniah
2371:Zephaniah
2355:Christian
2282:Zephaniah
1933:Zeph 3:17
1794:Joel 1:15
1600:Zeph 2:12
1416:Dies Irae
1317:Jerusalem
1172:Ethiopian
1161:Zephaniah
1145:Sophonias
1093:Sophonias
1085:צְפַנְיָה
911:Psalm 151
801:Zechariah
791:Zephaniah
694:Prophetic
615:1–2 Kings
561:Leviticus
406:(Scrolls)
318:Zechariah
308:Zephaniah
248:Yekhezqel
238:Yirmeyahu
228:Yeshayahu
103:Leviticus
53:(Judaism)
32:Zephaniah
3691:Category
3590:Peshitta
3487:Catholic
3482:Pastoral
3467:Epistles
3460:Synoptic
3347:Philemon
3160:2 Baruch
3147:Peshitta
3121:Jubilees
3073:2 Esdras
3068:1 Esdras
2963:Catholic
2914:Habakkuk
2859:Jeremiah
2839:Proverbs
2819:Nehemiah
2615:Hezekiah
2554:Ethiopia
2539:Ashkelon
2453:Habakkuk
2427:LibriVox
2218:(1995).
2210:. Brill.
2180:(2008).
1709:Zeph 2:3
1501:, i.e.,
1409:Catholic
1406:medieval
1374:inclusio
1307:Enemies
1305:Israel's
1265:Heading
1228:Israel's
1224:covenant
1200:Manasseh
1141:Toulouse
949:Jubilees
901:2 Esdras
896:1 Esdras
786:Habakkuk
718:Jeremiah
669:Proverbs
630:Nehemiah
485:Daniyyel
403:Megillot
377:Proverbs
371:Tehillim
303:Habakkuk
234:Jeremiah
203:Melakhim
183:Shofetim
173:Yehoshua
117:Bemidbar
87:Bereshit
3663:Studies
3631:Related
3602:Vulgate
3472:Pauline
3450:Gospels
3367:2 Peter
3362:1 Peter
3352:Hebrews
3255:Matthew
3145:Syriac
3031:Susanna
2934:Malachi
2894:Obadiah
2869:Ezekiel
2774:Numbers
2759:Genesis
2732:of the
2651:Sources
2288:. 2002.
2049:Sources
1450:(916),
1446:(895),
1420:Vulgate
1365:Malachi
1357:Obadiah
1353:Ezekiel
1334:3:14–20
1289:1:14–18
1218:Purpose
1155:son of
1099:of the
1089:Ṣəfanyā
806:Malachi
766:Obadiah
728:Ezekiel
566:Numbers
551:Genesis
452:Qohelet
381:Mishlei
343:Ketuvim
323:Malachi
283:Obadiah
244:Ezekiel
193:Shemuel
143:Nevi'im
127:Devarim
113:Numbers
107:Wayiqra
83:Genesis
3696:Portal
3573:Targum
3382:3 John
3377:2 John
3372:1 John
3280:Romans
3233:Jewish
3058:Others
3017:Baruch
3012:Sirach
3007:Wisdom
2987:Judith
2972:Others
2924:Haggai
2874:Daniel
2854:Isaiah
2834:Psalms
2824:Esther
2789:Judges
2784:Joshua
2764:Exodus
2625:Josiah
2593:People
2544:Canaan
2534:Ashdod
2527:Places
2468:Haggai
2341:Jewish
2312:. Ed.
2228:
2190:
2166:
2130:
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1436:Hebrew
1363:, and
1349:Isaiah
1323:3:8–13
1300:2:1–15
1278:1:2–13
1238:Themes
1212:Isaiah
1176:Cushim
1117:Yahweh
1105:Tanakh
1081:Hebrew
1029:Hebrew
871:Baruch
866:Sirach
841:Judith
796:Haggai
733:Daniel
713:Isaiah
664:Psalms
650:Wisdom
635:Esther
600:Judges
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556:Exodus
481:Daniel
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442:Eikhah
367:Psalms
357:Poetic
346:
313:Haggai
258:Minor
224:Isaiah
213:Latter
189:Samuel
179:Judges
169:Joshua
158:Former
146:
97:Shemot
93:Exodus
71:
50:Tanakh
3357:James
3342:Titus
3116:Enoch
2982:Tobit
2909:Nahum
2904:Micah
2899:Jonah
2879:Hosea
2734:Bible
2730:Books
2644:Ammon
2639:Terms
2610:Judah
2569:Judah
2549:Ekron
1515:Notes
1312:3:1–7
1283:Judah
1231:exile
1168:Cushi
944:Enoch
836:Tobit
781:Nahum
776:Micah
771:Jonah
751:Hosea
462:Ester
401:Five
298:Nahum
293:Micah
288:Jonah
268:Hosea
199:Kings
68:Torah
3455:List
3387:Jude
3275:Acts
3270:John
3265:Luke
3260:Mark
3221:list
3098:Odes
2889:Amos
2884:Joel
2814:Ezra
2794:Ruth
2620:YHWH
2584:Zion
2559:Gaza
2239:2019
2226:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2164:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2064:ISBN
1589:NRSV
1412:hymn
1361:Joel
1345:Amos
1103:and
1035:The
1023:The
926:Odes
761:Amos
756:Joel
625:Ezra
605:Ruth
495:Ezra
428:Ruth
391:Iyov
278:Amos
273:Joel
2948:and
2829:Job
2408:PDF
2284:."
1270:1:1
659:Job
432:Rut
387:Job
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