1595:. During this period, two main problems in Montenegro were lost sovereignty and bad economic situation. All of the parties except Federalists had the same attitude towards the first question, favoring centralism to federalism. The other question was more complex, but the fact on which all of the parties agreed is that the situation was far from good and that the government did nothing to improve the life in area. Devastated by war, Montenegro was never paid the reparations to which it had right as one of the Allies in the Great War. Most of the population lived in rural areas, but the smaller population of citizens had better standards of life. There was no infrastructure and industry was formed of few companies.
1302:
1168:. Ottoman soldiers were twice as numerous as whole population of Old Montenegro. On 10 September the Montenegrins met the Turkish army, on the same spot Skenderbeg Crnojević was defeated nearly a century ago . The Montenegrins, although assisted by some neighbouring tribes, counted 4000 and were completely outnumbered. However, the Montenegrins managed to defeat the Turks. Arslan Pasha was wounded, and the heads of his second-in-command and a hundred other Turkish officers were carried off and stuck on the ramparts of Cetinje. The Ottoman troops retreated in disorder; many were drowned in the waters of the
1294:
1085:
783:
616:
157:
1286:
497:
2083:
1707:, the Italians, reinforced by Germans, recaptured all insurgent territory. At the leadership level, disagreements regarding state policy (Centralist monarchy vs. Federal Socialist republic) eventually led to a split between the two sides; they then became enemies from thereon. Constantly, both factions were trying to gain support among the population. The monarchist Chetniks had influential scholars and revolutionaries among their supporters, such as
2033:
977:
1135:
895:
775:
1859:, which in the inter-war period became the biggest city in the Republic – although it was practically in ruins due to heavy bombing in the last stages of WW II. Podgorica had a more favorable geographical position within Montenegro, and in 1947 the seat of the Republic was moved to the city, now named Titograd in honor to Marshal Tito. Cetinje received the title of 'hero city' within Yugoslavia.
1544:
35:
624:
1472:, and Pljevlja came into Montenegrin hands again. On August 10, 1914, the Montenegrin infantry delivered a strong attack against the Austrian garrisons, but they did not succeed in making good the advantage they first gained. They successfully resisted the Austrians in the second invasion of Serbia (September 1914) and almost succeeded in seizing
1796:; it was the smallest republic in the federation and had the lowest population. Montenegro became economically stronger than ever, since it gained help from federal funds as an under-developed Republic, and it became a tourist destination as well. After war years proved turbulent and were marked by political eliminations.
2075:
soldiers, among which is
Predrag Strugar, son of convicted Montenegrin war criminal General Pavle Strugar, with "inhuman treatment against civilians". During the war Montenegro was bombed as part of NATO operations against Yugoslavia, though not as heavily as Serbia. The targets were mostly military ones such as
714:(Michael, of the Vojislavljević dynasty founded by nobleman Stefan Vojislav) as Rex Doclea (King of Duklja). Later on Mihailo sent his troops, led by his son Bodin, in 1072 to assist the uprising of Slavs in Macedonia. In 1082, after numerous pleas the Bar Bishopric of Bar was upgraded to an Archbishopric.
2040:
In 1997 a bitter dispute over presidential election results took place. It ended with Milo Đukanović winning over Momir
Bulatović in a second-round run-off plagued with irregularities. Nonetheless, the authorities allowed the results to stand. Former close allies had by this time become bitter foes,
2019:
legalized practice and it went on for years. At best, the
Montenegrin government turned a blind eye to the illegal activity, but mostly it took an active part in it. Smuggling made millionaires out of all sorts of shady individuals, including senior government officials. Milo Đukanović continues to
705:
started an uprising against the
Byzantine domination and gained a huge victory against the army of several Byzantine strategoi in Tudjemili (Bar) in 1042, which put to an end the Byzantine influence over the Doclea. In the 1054 Great Schism, the Doclea fell on the side of the Catholic Church. Bar
1957:
The inheritance of the entire infrastructure, resources and membership of the old
Communist party gave the DPS a sizable head start on their opponents in the newly formed parties. It allowed them to win the first multi-party parliamentary election held on 9 and 16 December 1990, and presidential
2015:) Montenegro became a hub for smuggling activity. The entire Montenegrin industrial production had stopped, and the republic's main economic activity became the smuggling of user goods – especially those in short supply like petrol and cigarettes, both of which skyrocketed in price. It became a
1747:
during 1944. Their ideology of a homogeneous Serbia within
Yugoslavia proved to be a major obstacle in recruiting liberals, minorities, and Montenegrins who regarded Montenegro as a nation with its own identity. These factors, in addition to the fact that some Chetniks were negotiating with the
1949:
All three appeared devout communists on the surface, but they also had sufficient skills and adaptability to understand the dangers of clinging to traditional rigid old-guard tactics in changing times. So when the old
Yugoslavia effectively ceased to exist and the multi-party political system
2074:
by
Yugoslav Army members, leading to the death of six people, including a woman aged 80 and a child, killed in crossfire that allegedly came from three machine-gun posts of the then Yugoslav Army. In all, 23 Albanians were killed in Kaludjerski Laz, and Montenegrin prosecutors have charged 8
2183:. However, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapic's government was toppled in no-confidence vote after only 14 months in power. In April 2022, a new minority government, comprising moderate parties that are both pro-European and pro-Serb, was formed. The new government was led by Prime Minister
1191:
The condition of the country at this period was naturally unsettled. War was the chief occupation of its inhabitants from sheer necessity, and the arts of peace languished. The printing-press, so active a century earlier, had ceased to exist; the control of the Prince-Bishop over the five
1476:. With the beginning of the third Austro-Hungarian invasion, however, the Montenegrin army had to retire before greatly superior numbers, and Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian and German armies finally overran Serbia (December 1915). However, the Serbian army survived, and led by King
1699:, the first organised uprising in occupied Europe. This occurred just two months after Yugoslavia capitulated, and liberated most of Montenegrin territory, but the rebels were unable to regain control of major towns and cities. After the failed attempts to liberate the towns of
2110:
had a parliament and an army in common, and for three years (until 2006), neither Serbia nor
Montenegro held a referendum on the break-up of the union. However, a referendum was announced in Montenegro to decide the future of the republic. The ballots cast in the controversial
2198:, which left ten people dead and six others injured. The gunman, identified as 34-year-old Vučko Borilović, was then shot and killed by an armed civilian after engaging in a gun battle with responding officers. It is the deadliest mass shooting in the history of Montenegro.
582:– was marked by a line that ran northward from Shkodra through modern Montenegro, symbolizing the status of this region as a perpetual marginal zone between the economic, cultural, and political worlds of the Mediterranean. As Roman power declined, this part of the
1175:
Much light is thrown upon the condition of
Montenegro at this period and the causes of its invariable success in war even against fearful odds are explained by the accounts of a contemporary writer, Mariano Bolizza. This author, a patrician of Venice, residing at
602:
by the middle of the 7th century. Because the terrain was extremely rugged and lacked any major sources of wealth such as mineral riches, the area that is now Montenegro became a haven for residual groups of earlier settlers, including some tribes who had escaped
1451:
Austria-Hungary dispatched a separate army to invade Montenegro and to prevent a junction of the Serbian and Montenegrin armies. This force, however, was repulsed, and from the top of the strongly fortified Lovćen, the Montenegrins carried on the bombardment of
1695:, whose aim was the creation of a Socialist Yugoslavia after the war. Since both factions shared some similarities in their goals, particularly those relating to a unified Yugoslavia and anti-Axis resistance, the two sides joined hands and in 1941 started the
1254:
2049:(SNP), staying loyal to Milošević, whereas Đukanović began to distance himself from Serbia. This distance from the policies of Milošević played a role in sparing Montenegro from the heavy bombing that Serbia endured in the spring of 1999 during the
1150:(tax in Ottoman Empire), which the invaders are said to have exacted from the inhabitants of the free mountains. The refusal of high-spirited Montenegrin clans to pay tax any longer was the cause of the Pasha's invasion during the reign of the
1832:. Many Montenegrins, due to their traditional allegiance with Russia, declared themselves as Soviet-orientated. This political split in the communist party saw the downfall of many important communist leaders, including Montenegrins
1961:
During the early-to-mid-1990s Montenegro's leadership gave considerable support to Milošević's war-effort. Montenegrin reservists fought on the Dubrovnik front line, where Prime Minister Milo Đukanović visited them frequently.
1107:
and the clans — an arrangement which was ultimately abandoned in favour of the hereditary system in 1696. For most of this period the Montenegrin people were in constant struggle for its autonomy inside of the Ottoman Empire .
2056:Đukanović came out a clear winner from this political fight, as he never lost power for even a day. Bulatović, on the other hand, never held office again in Montenegro after 1997 and eventually retired from politics in 2001.
1992:
and Bosnian towns along with Serbian troops, aggressive acts aimed at acquiring more territories by force, characterized by a consistent pattern of gross and systematic violations of human rights. Montenegrin General
3207:
1840:. Many of the people imprisoned during this period, regardless of nationality, were innocent – this was later recognised by the Yugoslav government. 1954 saw the expulsion of prominent Montenegrin politician
1131:, where the Hungarian garrison was closely hemmed in by the Ottoman army. The Turks were too much occupied with the Hungarian war to take revenge. The next Ottoman invasion of Montenegro took place in 1570.
1648:
to impose on Mussolini the creation of an independent Montenegro, against the wishes of the fascist Croats and Albanians (who wanted to enlarge their countries with the Montenegrin territories). Her nephew
2150:, were indicted for their alleged roles in the coup attempt on charges such as "preparing a conspiracy against the constitutional order and the security of Montenegro" and an "attempted terrorist act."
1344:. In the end Montenegro was internationally recognized as an independent state, its territory was effectively doubled by the addition of 4,900 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi), the port of
2070:
offensives, 21 Albanians died in several separate and unexplained incidents in Montenegro, according to the republic's prosecutor. Another group of around 60 Albanian refugees was fired upon in
2751:
Montenegro finds itself at heart of tensions with Russia as it joins Nato: Alliance that bombed country only 18 years ago welcomes it as 29th member in move that has left its citizens divided
3859:
1687:
During World War II, as was the case in many other parts of Yugoslavia, Montenegro was involved in some sort of civil war. Besides Montenegrin Greens, the two main factions were the
1348:
and all the waters of Montenegro were closed to warships of all nations; and the administration of the maritime and sanitary police on the coast was placed in the hands of Austria.
1042:
were controlled by Ottomans, but mountains and rural area were autonomous and controlled by several Montenegrin clans, which were warrior societies, but paying a special tax to the
2063:, ethnic Albanians took refuge in Montenegro, but were still under threat by Serbian soldiers, who were able to take refugees back into Serbian controlled areas and imprison them.
4383:
1828:. Political turmoil began within both the communist party and the nation. Pro-Soviet communists faced prosecution and imprisonment in various prisons across Yugoslavia, notably
1727:, the hero of the anti-fascist uprising. However, eventually the Chetniks in Montenegro lost support among the population, as did other Chetnik factions within Yugoslavia. The
2877:
1851:
Through the second half of the 1940s and the whole of the 1950s, the country underwent infrastructural rejuvenation thanks to federal funding. Montenegro's historic capital
1215:, i.e. "district"), which then composed the principality, was weak; the capital itself consisted of only a few houses. Still, there was a system of local government. Each
1691:, who swore allegiance to the government in exile and consisted mainly of Montenegrins who declared themselves as Serbs (many of its members were Montenegrin Whites) and
2161:, an eventuality that had been rejected by about half of the country's population and had triggered a promise of retaliatory actions on the part of Russia's government.
1448:, an unsecured route because of constant attacks by Albanian irregulars organised by Austrian agents. Lack of vital materials eventually led Montenegro to surrender.
335:
2095:
3639:
2147:
921:
in the 7th and 8th centuries. In the last centuries of the first millennium, these Romanised Illyrians started to develop their own neo-Latin language, called
868:, the future royal capital of Montenegro, before eventually fleeing to Venice. In 1496, Ottomans conquered Zeta and consolidated it into the newly established
2907:
1123:, thirty years before, and with the same result. Vukotić, the civil governor, repulsed the attack of Turks. Montenegrins, encouraged by the victory, besieged
2142:
had been prepared, according to the Montenegrin Special Prosecutor. Fourteen people, including two Russian nationals and two Montenegrin opposition leaders,
2087:
2042:
1951:
1370:
at the insistence of the Great Powers despite the Montenegrins having invested 10,000 lives for the conquest of the town from the Ottoman-Albanian forces of
2929:
2115:
resulted in a 55.5% victory for independence supporters, just above the 55% borderline mark set by the EU. Montenegro declared independence on 3 June 2006.
555:
mounted several punitive expeditions against local pirates and finally conquered the Illyrian kingdom in the 2nd century BC, annexing it to the province of
3703:
2465:
1958:
elections held on 9 and 23 December 1990. The party has ruled Montenegro ever since (either alone or as a leading member of different ruling coalitions).
1527:, accused the King of seeking a separate peace with the enemy and consequently deposed him, banned his return and decided that Montenegro should join the
4275:
4113:
1997:
has since been convicted for his part in the bombing of Dubrovnik. Bosnian refugees were arrested by Montenegrin police and transported to Serb camps in
1322:
2719:"GENERAL ASSEMBLY APPROVES ADMISSION OF MONTENEGRO TO UNITED NATIONS, INCREASING NUMBER OF MEMBER STATES TO 192 | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"
4376:
4027:
2983:
2046:
2020:
face actions in various Italian courts over his role in widespread smuggling during the 1990s and in providing safe haven in Montenegro for different
1387:
1340:(March 1878) was highly advantageous to Montenegro, as well as Russia, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. However, the gains were somewhat trimmed by the
253:
2583:
1571:. During this period, Montenegrin people were still divided between politics of Greens and Whites. The dominant political parties in Montenegro were
519:
During the Bronze Age, the Illirii, probably the southernmost Illyrian tribe of that time, that gave their name to the entire group were living near
4196:
3890:
2112:
1966:
1793:
467:
4034:
3854:
2851:
2218:
2172:
2131:
268:
3883:
1161:
in 1604. About 1500 Montenegrin warriors attacked the Turkish camp on Lješkopolje field during the night, which counted 10.000 Ottoman soldiers.
278:
3659:
2168:. The veteran politician had served as Prime Minister six times and as President once before. He had dominated Montenegrin politics since 1991.
1879:. The port of Bar was also rebuilt after being mined during the German retreat in 1944. Other ports that faced infrastructural improvement were
1531:
on December 1, 1918. A part of the former Montenegrin military forces still loyal to the King started a rebellion against the amalgamation, the
2210:
2165:
52:
2700:
1895:
was founded. Montenegro's industrialisation was demonstrated through the founding of the electronic company Obod in Cetinje, a steel mill and
1661:
1336:
joined Montenegro, but it was defeated by Turkish forces that same year. Russia now joined in and decisively routed the Turks in 1877–78. The
4039:
2321:
2300:
4369:
4015:
3937:
2965:
2781:
2778:
1424:
contributed a colonial detachment of 200 men located in Cetinje at the beginning of war, as well as two radio-stations – located on top of
1188:. At the time, the whole male population of Cetinje available for war consisted of 8,027 persons, distributed among ninety-three villages.
3644:
1073:, and governed until his death in 1528. Despite Skenderbeg's emphasized cruelty, the Ottomans did not have effective power in Montenegro.
2813:
2566:
328:
1329:
4511:
1489:
1644:
wrote that the Queen of Italy (considered the most influential Montenegrin woman in history) convinced her husband the King of Italy
725:
and Rascia. The might of the Doclea declined and they generally became subjected to the Grand Princes of Rascia in the 12th century.
383:, Slavic migration led to several Slavic states. In the 9th century, there were three principalities on the territory of Montenegro:
4441:
4052:
3942:
3849:
3579:
3523:
3428:
3404:
3380:
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3335:
3314:
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3224:
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3148:
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3032:
2779:Комментарий Департамента информации и печати МИД России в связи с голосованием в Скупщине Черногории по вопросу присоединения к НАТО
2363:
2234:
1770:
acknowledged Montenegro's massive contribution to the war against the Axis powers by establishing it as one of the six republics of
860:(Montenegro) originated during their rule. The Crnojevići were driven out from Zeta by the Ottomans and forced to retreat above the
764:
737:
during the 14th century the ethnic groups which are mentioned were Albanians (Arbanas), Vlahs, Latins (Catholic citizen) and Serbs.
479:
299:
263:
118:
99:
2225:
of the Europe Now Movement became Montenegro's new prime minister, leading a coalition of both pro-European and pro-Serb parties.
2869:
1301:
71:
4248:
4108:
3871:
1783:
1409:
965:
The Republic of Venice dominated the coasts of today's Montenegro from 1420 to 1797. In those four centuries the area around the
273:
2530:
2217:. On 20 May 2023, Milatović was sworn in as President of Montenegro. In June 2023, Europe Now movement won a snap parliamentary
4090:
3983:
3932:
3696:
2086:
The "Law on Freedom of Religion or Belief and the Legal Status of Religious Communities" introduced in 2019 by the then-ruling
156:
4776:
4285:
4139:
3814:
3558:
3117:
3093:
2750:
2239:
1970:
1497:
1493:
1351:
Under Nicholas I the country was also granted its first constitution (1905) and was elevated to the rank of kingdom in 1910.
1279:
1098:
699:
Dukljanski, whose cult still remains in the Orthodox Christian tradition, was at the time struggling to ensure independence.
321:
222:
136:
78:
56:
2154:
1261:
1104:
755:
dynasty from c. 1186 until c. 1360. In this period Zeta was administered by members of the Serbian royalty as a crown land.
459:
392:
931:
started to take control of the southern Dalmatia around the 10th century, quickly assimilating the Dalmatian language with
4781:
4755:
4648:
4461:
4044:
3922:
2179:(ZBCG) bloc, was composed mainly of Serb nationalist parties. The new pro-serbian government was formed by Prime Minister
2135:
1608:
1580:
1572:
998:
535:
world ensured the settlement of a mixture of colonists, traders, and those in search of territorial conquest. Substantial
990:
4714:
4486:
4003:
3993:
3947:
3912:
3757:
2947:
2832:
2176:
1935:
1809:
1650:
1588:
1408:
to Montenegro if it remained neutral. For purposes of coordination in the fight against the enemy army, Serbian General
1023:
839:
3752:
791:
85:
4315:
3927:
3649:
1844:
from the communist party for criticising party leaders for forming a "new ruling class" within, Yugoslavia along with
1604:
1584:
2607:
1756:
in 1943. In the same year, Italy, who was until then in charge of the occupied zone, capitulated and was replaced by
1507:
King Nicholas fled to Italy (January 1916) and then to Antibes, France; the government transferred its operations to
746:
680:
domination, the people were split as the Doclean brother-archonts split the lands among each other after 900. Prince
2794:
1084:
717:
The expansions of the Kings of the Vojislavljević dynasty led to the control over the other Slavic lands, including
4729:
4681:
4573:
4568:
4298:
4201:
4156:
4085:
3988:
3973:
3844:
3819:
3689:
2899:
2264:
1248:
556:
361:
238:
2041:
which resulted in a near-warlike atmosphere in Montenegro for months during the autumn of 1997. It also split the
1813:
67:
45:
4057:
3103:
3079:
2102:
In 2003, after years of wrangling and outside assistance, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia renamed itself as "
1900:
1592:
1576:
1556:
1428:
and in Podgorica. Until 1915 France supplied Montenegro with necessary war material and food through the port of
1112:
428:
400:
365:
2463:
1293:
1285:
952:
768:
681:
424:
4686:
4533:
4293:
4253:
4228:
4022:
3998:
1318:
1943:
1919:
found Montenegro with a young leadership that had risen to office only a few years earlier in the late 1980s.
1708:
688:
4691:
4653:
4243:
4166:
4161:
4125:
4010:
3978:
3917:
3900:
3258:
3128:
War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia
2214:
2091:
1404:– on Austria-Hungary in the first instance – on 6 August 1914, despite Austrian diplomacy promising to cede
1341:
1232:
1224:
1120:
1066:
627:
The seal of prince Peter of Duklja from the 9th century. Inscription says "Peter, archon of Diokleia, Amen".
604:
197:
2481:
2011:
Due to its favourable geographical location (access to the Adriatic Sea and a water-link to Albania across
1800:, the leader of Greens was assassinated in 1947, and 10 years later, in 1957, the last Montenegrin Chetnik
1736:
1480:, started retreating across Albania. In order to support the Serbian retreat, the Montenegrin army, led by
1158:
782:
4633:
4303:
4265:
3961:
2738:
2164:
In April 2018, Đukanović, the leader of the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), won Montenegro’s
2050:
1950:
replaced it, they quickly repackaged the Montenegrin branch of the old Communist party and renamed it the
1816:
and Jovo Kapicić held key positions in the federal government of Yugoslavia. In 1948 Yugoslavia faced the
1797:
1753:
1676:("Green" party), who supported the reinstatement of the Montenegrin monarchy. This militia was called the
1665:
1654:
1501:
1128:
685:
677:
615:
3640:
King Nicholas of Montenegro and Essad Pasha of Albania: The Black Mountain Folk vs. the Sons of the Eagle
3475:
3456:
1817:
1716:
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4543:
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4341:
4188:
4120:
4103:
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3878:
3832:
3824:
3673:
3452:
2191:
2103:
1912:
1560:
1512:
1421:
1337:
695:
in 960, the Docleans faced a renewed Byzantine occupation through to the 11th century. The local ruler,
248:
217:
2180:
805:
1766:
was liberated by the socialist Partisans on 19 December 1944, and the war of liberation had been won.
1492:(January 1916) and for the remainder of the war remained in the possession of the Central Powers. See
1134:
1077:
Vavil was elected in 1516 as Montenegrin prince-bishop by the Montenegrin people and the patriarch of
4719:
4538:
4223:
4206:
4176:
3787:
3612:
3533:
3438:
3414:
3390:
2244:
2139:
2071:
1923:
1837:
1801:
1383:
1220:
1050:
1012:
906:
869:
853:
849:
843:
817:
801:
795:
567:
309:
304:
243:
207:
3589:
4739:
4724:
4709:
4671:
4618:
4613:
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4270:
4258:
4238:
4233:
4211:
4151:
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1931:
1712:
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1630:
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1371:
914:
711:
662:
595:
404:
92:
3327:
The Balkans and the Byzantine World before and after the Captures of Constantinople, 1204 and 1453
3109:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
3018:
2440:
For Montenegro's entry into the war, see E. Czega, "Die Mobilmachung Montenegros im Sommer 1914",
2349:
2171:
In September 2020, Đukanović's pro-Western Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) narrowly lost the
1845:
1724:
1720:
598:
during the 6th century. These soon were supplanted by the Slavs, who became widely established in
4643:
4593:
4553:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4451:
4436:
4431:
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4416:
4411:
4406:
4322:
4310:
3792:
3777:
2655:
2637:
1916:
1860:
1824:
caused by disagreements about each country's influences on its neighbours, and the resolution of
1696:
1692:
1532:
1516:
1485:
1310:
1016:
994:
936:
922:
889:
734:
455:
2202:
1927:
1805:
543:
are known to have settled there in the 4th century BC. During the 3rd century BC, an indigenous
3417:(2011). "The Origin of the Royal Frankish Annalist's Information about the Serbs in Dalmatia".
496:
4734:
4676:
4638:
4628:
4608:
4598:
4583:
4578:
4558:
4528:
4496:
4481:
4456:
4392:
3802:
3747:
3575:
3554:
3519:
3483:
3424:
3400:
3376:
3352:
3331:
3310:
3289:
3268:
3244:
3220:
3189:
3168:
3144:
3113:
3089:
3065:
3028:
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2359:
2317:
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2292:
2222:
2143:
2076:
1833:
1787:
1677:
1626:
1528:
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1412:
was named head of High Command of both Serbian and Montenegrin armies. Montenegro received 30
1333:
1321:
as his successor on August 14 of that year. In 1861–1862, Nicholas engaged in an unsuccessful
1062:
960:
932:
885:
881:
827:
821:
692:
487:
436:
408:
380:
373:
212:
192:
3660:
Jovan Stefanov Balević : Short historic-geographical description of Montenegro from 1757
3306:
The Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen Dušan (1331-1355) and his successors
1942:
of sorts within the Yugoslav Communist party, orchestrated by younger party members close to
512:
during the 6th century AD, the area now known as Montenegro was inhabited principally by the
4623:
4548:
4518:
4216:
3767:
3158:
3134:
2082:
1896:
1892:
1841:
1641:
1618:
1614:
1481:
1433:
1207:
970:
899:
707:
666:
544:
420:
2313:
2032:
1400:
declared war on Serbia (28 July 1914), Montenegro lost little time in declaring war on the
1332:, partly initiated by his clandestine activities, he yet again declared war on Turkey. The
1272:, but in 1852 he married and renounced his ecclesiastical character, assuming the title of
976:
3509:
3491:
3464:
3366:
3234:
2667:
2570:
2469:
2184:
2090:, would have seen the transfer of the majority of religious objects and land owned by the
1876:
1767:
1429:
1397:
1345:
722:
702:
396:
2682:
1425:
1154:
4361:
3085:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
3866:
3047:
2124:
2005:
1732:
1401:
1268:, reigned in the first half of the 19th century. In 1851 Danilo Petrović Njegoš became
1181:
1165:
1139:
1043:
1027:
1008:
726:
696:
650:
536:
524:
451:
357:
202:
3518:(2nd revised ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
3267:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies.
826:
After the death of Balša III, last representative of House of Balšić, Zeta joined the
399:
led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja and the establishment of the
17:
4770:
3837:
3667:
2541:
2506:
2021:
1994:
1465:
1436:
took over this role, running supplies unsuccessfully and irregularly across the line
1417:
861:
532:
505:
458:. From 1516 until 1852 the prince-bishops (vladikas) of Cetinje were the rulers. The
258:
733:). In 1168, as the Serbian Grand Zhupan, Stefan Nemanja took Doclea. In charters of
4171:
3732:
3042:
2718:
1981:
1821:
1681:
940:
774:
654:
646:
579:
575:
563:
552:
528:
491:
369:
171:
2584:"War In The Balkans: Montenegro – Albanian refugees tortured by Serbs | News"
1868:
894:
3593:
3569:
3548:
3537:
3513:
3418:
3394:
3370:
3346:
3325:
3304:
3283:
3262:
3238:
3214:
3183:
3162:
3138:
3107:
3083:
3059:
3022:
2353:
2206:
2107:
2012:
1984:, Montenegro participated with its police and military forces in the attacks on
1977:
1872:
1749:
1673:
1564:
1543:
1500:
served as the military governor of Montenegro between 1916 and 1917. Afterwards
1445:
1393:
1355:
1253:
925:, around their small coastal villages that were growing with maritime commerce.
752:
623:
520:
34:
3240:
The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium
1180:
in the early part of the seventeenth century, spent a considerable time in the
3712:
2060:
2008:
imposed an embargo on FRY: this affected many aspects of life in the country.
1825:
1771:
1469:
1103:
For 180 years after their first appointment, the Vladikas were elected by the
1054:
1004:
956:
691:
extended his influence over Doclea in the 10th century. After the fall of the
653:
and the hinterland of it as well as surround the Skadar lake. They formed the
548:
463:
283:
2447:(1936): 3–23, and Alfred Rappaport, "Montenegros Eintritt in den Weltkrieg",
1007:(which was not historically part of Montenegro until 1912), was under direct
980:
Map of south-eastern Europe ca. 1670, Montenegro is represented in purple dot
3495:
3468:
2763:МИД РФ: ответ НАТО на предложения российских военных неконкретный и размытый
1985:
1856:
1829:
1763:
1735:, along with other prominent figures of the movement like Dusan Arsovic and
1552:
1456:
held by the enemy. The Austro-Hungarian army managed to capture the town of
1413:
1058:
1031:
910:
730:
636:
571:
513:
419:
when referring to the realm. In the late 14th century, southern Montenegro (
1169:
3487:
2615:
2024:
figures who also allegedly took part in the smuggling distribution chain.
1049:
In 1514, the Ottoman territory of Montenegro was proclaimed as a separate
3372:
War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: Occupation and Collaboration
2833:"Montenegro's government toppled in no-confidence vote | DW | 05.02.2022"
1864:
1700:
1688:
1508:
1473:
1457:
1437:
1164:
In 1613, Arslan Pasha gathered army of over 40,000 men to attack part of
1147:
1078:
718:
599:
583:
388:
2268:
1358:(1912–1913), Montenegro did make further territorial gains by splitting
763:
2195:
1998:
1989:
1852:
1757:
1744:
1704:
1634:
1568:
1405:
1367:
1211:
1185:
1039:
1035:
966:
865:
587:
509:
483:
353:
3681:
3188:. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 529–581.
2293:
The prehistory of the Balkans and the Middle East and the Aegean world
1739:, were held responsible for massacres of Muslim population in eastern
1653:
never accepted the offered crown, pledging loyalty to his nephew King
1567:. The administrative seat of banate became former Montenegrin capital
1432:, which was blockaded by Austrian battleships and submarines. In 1915
917:
in the 6th century and were only nominally under the influence of the
3739:
3654:
3550:
Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories
1804:
was also murdered. During this period Montenegrin Communists such as
1740:
1363:
1359:
1151:
1026:
was elected as ruler of Montenegro by its clans, and licensed by the
928:
670:
658:
632:
384:
187:
3619:. Vol. 2. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.
3607:. Vol. 1. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.
3442:
3202:
Rastoder, Šerbo. "A short review of the history of Montenegro." in
2852:"Montenegro approves new minority government focused on joining EU"
2814:"Bosniaks in Montenegro live in 'fear, anxiety' following election"
2338:. Belgrade: Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji. p. 300.
1792:
From 1945 to 1992, Montenegro became a constituent republic of the
1680:. Montenegro was ravaged by a terrible guerrilla war, mainly after
2762:
2081:
2031:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1622:
1563:
government. In 1922 Montenegro became part of Zeta area and later
1542:
1461:
1453:
1314:
1305:
Liberation of Montenegro from foreign occupation from 1711 to 1918
1300:
1292:
1284:
1274:
1252:
1177:
1133:
1124:
1116:
1083:
1070:
1019:
control and the rest of Montenegro was autonomous from 1516, when
975:
918:
893:
781:
773:
762:
710:
recognised Duklja as an independent state, acknowledging its King
642:
622:
614:
591:
540:
495:
3666:
3185:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
2930:"Milatovic declares victory in Montenegro presidential elections"
2213:
run-off over incumbent Milo Đukanović to succeed him as the next
913:
of the coast of Dalmatia survived the barbarian invasions of the
669:. The Slavic tribes organised into a semi-independent dukedom of
523:
on the border of Albania and Montenegro and neighboring with the
4095:
2766:
2739:
Montenegrin Court Confirms Charges Against Alleged Coup Plotters
2158:
2067:
2001:, where they were subjected to systematic torture and executed.
1939:
1669:
1633:– was daughter of the former king of Montenegro and was born in
4365:
3685:
2966:"Montenegro's pro-EU party wins election, initial results show"
431:, and by the 15th century, Zeta was more often referred to as
28:
3396:
Forging unity: The South Slavs between East and West 550-1150
3204:
Montenegro in Transition: Problems of Identity and Statehood
2106:" and officially reconstituted itself as a loose union. The
1752:, led to the Chetnik Yugoslav army losing support among the
3140:
History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
2175:
after having led the country for 30 years. The opposition,
1973:(FRY), which officially put the Second Yugoslavia to rest.
1239:), who acted as a judge in disputes between the tribesmen.
1146:
The national historians are silent upon the subject of the
470:, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June of that year.
3595:Летопис Попа Дукљанина (Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja)
1515:
liberated Montenegro from the Austrians. A newly convened
1464:, then under Austrian control. The Serbian victory at the
531:, the movement of peoples that was typical of the ancient
3634:
3423:. Belgrade: The Institute for History. pp. 381–398.
2984:"Montenegro appoints predominantly pro-EU new government"
2417:
A short history of Yugoslavia from earliest times to 1966
2404:
A short history of Yugoslavia from earliest times to 1966
1282:, and transformed his land into a secular principality.
3635:
Serb Land of Montenegro: History of Montenegro as it is
2507:"A/RES/47/121. The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina"
1820:, a period of high tensions between Yugoslavia and the
939:
was able to create a territorial continuity around the
856:
from c. 1451 until 1496. It is believed that the name
3515:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
3399:. Belgrade: The Institute of History, Čigoja štampa.
3309:. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection.
3112:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
3088:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
2870:"Montenegro shooting leaves 12 dead including gunman"
2045:. Bulatović and his followers broke away to form the
1157:, when the Turks were driven back with heavy loss in
1011:
control from 1498 to 1912, while westernmost part of
539:
were established on the 6th and 7th centuries BC and
3216:
Realm of the Black Mountain: A History of Montenegro
2795:"Djukanovic Wins Montenegro's Presidential Election"
786:
Zeta under the Crnojević Dynasty in the 15th century
4748:
4700:
4662:
4399:
4284:
4187:
4138:
4072:
3960:
3899:
3720:
3444:
De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source
1969:, Montenegro decided to join Serbia in forming the
1599:
The puppet "Kingdom of Montenegro" and World War II
741:
Duklja (Zeta) within the Nemanjić State (1186–1360)
586:
suffered from intermittent ravages by various semi-
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3182:Miller, Nicholas (2005). "Serbia and Montenegro".
3046:
2948:"Milatović is sworn in as President of Montenegro"
2638:"Montenegro charges 8 over murder of 23 Albanians"
1863:built a railway between the two biggest cities of
1684:replaced the defeated Italians in September 1943.
1617:occupied Montenegro in 1941 and annexed it to the
864:where they built a monastery and a royal court in
403:. Duklja reached its zenith under Vojislav's son,
3285:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500
2701:"Divided Montenegro Marks Decade of Independence"
985:Struggle for maintaining independence (1496–1878)
778:Zeta under the Balšić Dynasty in the 14th century
3049:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
454:from 1496 to 1878. Parts were controlled by the
1468:(15–24 August 1914) diverted enemy forces from
3480:Austria-Hungary, Including Dalmatia and Bosnia
1460:while on the other hand the Montenegrins took
1172:. Others were killed by Montenegrin pursuers.
1111:A pretender to Montenegrin throne, one of the
1034:and not secular. Only small town centers like
462:ruled until 1918. From 1918, it was a part of
441:
387:, roughly corresponding to the southern half,
4377:
3697:
3598:. Београд-Загреб: Српска краљевска академија.
2287:
2285:
812:Zeta within the Serbian Despotate (1421–1451)
751:The region of Duklja (Zeta) was ruled by the
450:Large portions fell under the control of the
329:
8:
3650:Montenegrin Government official History page
2900:"Mass Shooting in Montenegro Leaves 11 Dead"
2734:
2732:
2429:European Alliances and Alignments, 1871–1890
2358:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. p. 49.
2066:In the spring of 1999, at the height of the
2043:Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
1952:Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
1297:Montenegro territorial expansion (1830–1944)
1088:Warriors from Chevo clan marching to battle.
3288:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
3167:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
3143:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.
2531:"Shedding Light on Fate of Missing Persons"
1907:Breakup of Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav Wars
1875:linking the capital with the major port of
1629:speaking population. (The Queen of Italy –
1362:with Serbia. However, the captured city of
468:independence referendum held on 21 May 2006
4384:
4370:
4362:
4144:
4078:
3966:
3905:
3704:
3690:
3682:
2390:
1289:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Montenegro.
574:rule – and subsequently between the
336:
322:
130:
3351:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3164:History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century
1388:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro
1309:Following the assassination of Danilo by
1184:, and published in 1614 a description of
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
3053:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1794:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1664:was created under fascist control while
1416:pieces and financial help of 17 million
527:tribes south. Along the seaboard of the
3855:German occupied territory of Montenegro
3375:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
2378:
2256:
2123:On 28 June 2006, Montenegro joined the
2094:to the Montenegrin state. It sparked a
1922:In effect, three men ran the republic:
1366:had to be given up to the new state of
1317:, in 1860, the Montenegrins proclaimed
641:In the second half of the 6th century,
291:
230:
179:
163:
144:
133:
3571:Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum
2663:
2653:
2047:Socialist People's Party of Montenegro
1915:(1991–1992) and the introduction of a
1778:Montenegro within Socialist Yugoslavia
1731:leader of the Chetniks in Montenegro,
4393:History of current European countries
3547:Scholz, Bernhard Walter, ed. (1970).
3447:. Belgrade: The Institute of History.
3348:The Legend of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer
3330:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
2265:"Duklja, the first Montenegrin state"
834:Zeta under the Crnojevići (1451–1496)
706:became a Bishopric in 1067. In 1077,
7:
3677:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2295:. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
2130:For 16 October 2016, the day of the
1488:(6–7 January 1916). Montenegro also
57:adding citations to reliable sources
3420:Homage to Academician Sima Ćirković
3061:Historical Dictionary of Montenegro
2910:from the original on 13 August 2022
2880:from the original on 12 August 2022
2850:Vasiljevic, Stevo (28 April 2022).
2681:agencies, Staff and (22 May 2006).
1625:(Cattaro), where there was a small
1003:Part of today's Montenegro, called
872:, thereby ending its principality.
729:was born in 1117 in Ribnica (today
356:and its various kingdoms until the
2683:"Montenegro confirms independence"
2153:In June 2017, Montenegro formally
1934:; all swept into power during the
1496:for details. The Austrian officer
1257:Flags of Montenegro, about 1800 AD
1231:), each presided over by a chief (
759:Zeta under the Balšići (1360–1421)
661:. Under the following missions of
411:(1081–1101). By the 13th century,
25:
3850:Italian governorate of Montenegro
3665:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
3655:The national Museum of Montenegro
2235:Demographic history of Montenegro
2205:, a pro-western candidate of the
1613:During World War II, Italy under
480:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe
348:The early written records of the
3553:. University of Michigan Press.
3482:, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1905,
3303:Soulis, George Christos (1984).
3027:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
2636:Reuters Editorial (2008-08-01).
2267:. Montenegro.org. Archived from
1871:, as well as an embankment over
1784:Socialist Republic of Montenegro
1517:National Assembly of Podgorica (
1392:Montenegro suffered severely in
1197:
594:in the late 5th century and the
155:
33:
3574:. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.
2608:"BIRN Kosovo Home :: BIRN"
2209:movement, won the presidential
1913:breakup of communist Yugoslavia
1672:in 1941 to attempt to lead the
1490:suffered a large scale invasion
905:After the dramatic fall of the
876:The Venetian coastal Montenegro
44:needs additional citations for
3324:Stanković, Vlada, ed. (2016).
3264:Serbs in European Civilization
3261:; Duškov, Milan, eds. (1993).
3243:. Cambridge University Press.
2831:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche.
2582:Crawshaw, Steve (1999-04-29).
2240:Military history of Montenegro
1971:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1760:, and the fighting continued.
1551:In the period between the two
1498:Viktor Weber Edler von Webenau
1494:Serbian Campaign (World War I)
1099:Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
1061:(governor) who was chosen was
1:
2028:Recent history (1996–present)
1609:Uprising in Montenegro (1941)
1581:Communist Party of Yugoslavia
1119:, invaded Montenegro just as
1093:Elective Vladikas (1516–1696)
999:Metropolitanate of Montenegro
673:(Doclea) by the 9th century.
423:) came under the rule of the
360:incorporated the region into
3891:2006 independence referendum
3219:. Cornell University Press.
3064:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2614:. 2012-11-26. Archived from
2177:For the Future of Montenegro
2113:2006 independence referendum
1936:anti-bureaucratic revolution
1917:multi-party political system
1651:Prince Michael of Montenegro
1589:Montenegrin Federalist Party
1325:against the Ottoman Empire.
1142:decapitates Turkish officer.
1115:family who had converted to
547:emerged with its capital at
407:(1046–81), and his grandson
180:Middle Ages and early modern
3463:, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
3213:Roberts, Elizabeth (2007).
2741:Radio Liberty, 8 June 2017.
2127:as its 192nd member state.
1965:In April 1992, following a
1668:returned from his exile in
1605:Leftist errors (Yugoslavia)
1236:
1228:
1105:Serbian Patriarchate of Peć
4798:
3104:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.
3080:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.
3058:Djukanović, Bojka (2022).
2753:The Guardian, 25 May 2017.
2138:against the government of
1781:
1602:
1555:, Nikola's grandson, King
1381:
1249:Principality of Montenegro
1246:
1096:
988:
950:
935:. By the 14th century the
879:
852:was ruled by the house of
837:
815:
789:
744:
630:
619:Duklja in the 11th century
504:Before the arrival of the
477:
4335:
4147:
4081:
3969:
3908:
3568:Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973).
3345:Stephenson, Paul (2003).
2415:Stephen Clissold (1966).
2402:Stephen Clissold (1966).
2316:. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995,
2036:Map of modern Montenegro.
1901:Podgorica Aluminium Plant
1810:Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo
1593:Yugoslav Republican Party
840:Zeta under the Crnojevići
808:from c. 1356 until 1421.
590:invaders, especially the
500:Roman Roads in Montenegro
362:the province of Illyricum
4114:Mobile network operators
3632:(in English and Serbian)
3603:Кунчер, Драгана (2009).
3282:Sedlar, Jean W. (1994).
2782:Russian Foreign Ministry
2569:October 2, 2008, at the
2431:(2nd ed. 1950) pp 121-66
991:Serb uprising of 1596–97
747:Zeta under the Nemanjići
676:After facing subsequent
460:House of Petrović-Njegoš
2784:'s Statement, 28.04.17.
2334:Ćirković, Sima (2020).
2221:. On 31 October 2023,
2215:President of Montenegro
2096:series of mass protests
1723:, Mirko Lalatovic, and
1342:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
969:(Kotor) became part of
442:
231:Modern and contemporary
68:"History of Montenegro"
4442:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2765:// ″Расширение НАТО″,
2482:"Bombing of Dubrovnik"
2173:parliamentary election
2132:parliamentary election
2119:Independent Montenegro
2099:
2037:
1655:Peter II of Yugoslavia
1640:The English historian
1577:People's Radical Party
1548:
1504:filled this position.
1502:Heinrich Clam-Martinic
1330:Herzegovinian Uprising
1306:
1298:
1290:
1258:
1143:
1129:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1089:
981:
902:
792:Zeta under the Balšići
787:
779:
771:
628:
620:
501:
429:Crnojević noble family
401:Vojislavljević dynasty
395:, the north. In 1042,
18:Zeta (medieval region)
4777:History of Montenegro
4104:Economy of Montenegro
3879:Serbia and Montenegro
3833:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
3674:Catholic Encyclopedia
3617:Gesta Regum Sclavorum
3605:Gesta Regum Sclavorum
3534:Pertz, Georg Heinrich
3453:Thomas Graham Jackson
3126:Hall, Richard C. ed.
2468:July 1, 2014, at the
2166:presidential election
2104:Serbia and Montenegro
2085:
2035:
1976:During the 1991–1995
1689:Chetnik Yugoslav army
1662:Kingdom of Montenegro
1585:Alliance of Agrarians
1546:
1338:Treaty of San Stefano
1304:
1296:
1288:
1262:Petar Petrović Njegoš
1256:
1159:Battle of Lješkopolje
1137:
1087:
979:
909:(476), the romanised
897:
785:
777:
766:
689:Vlastimirović dynasty
665:, the population was
626:
618:
499:
466:. On the basis of an
350:history of Montenegro
218:Sanjak of Herzegovina
4782:History of the Serbs
4276:World Heritage Sites
2486:Croatiatraveller.com
2449:Berliner Monatshefte
2442:Berliner Monatshefte
2245:Tribes of Montenegro
1938:— an administrative
1547:Map of Zeta Banovina
1523:Подгоричка скупштина
1519:Podgorička skupština
1384:Montenegrin campaign
1069:), who converted to
1067:Skenderbeg Crnojević
1051:Sanjak of Montenegro
953:Cretan War (1645–69)
907:Western Roman Empire
870:Sanjak of Montenegro
850:Principality of Zeta
844:Principality of Zeta
818:Principality of Zeta
802:Principality of Zeta
796:Principality of Zeta
767:Coat of arms of the
562:The division of the
244:Sanjak of Novi Pazar
208:Sanjak of Montenegro
198:Principality of Zeta
53:improve this article
4663:States with limited
4040:Intelligence agency
3808:Kingdom of Dalmatia
2427:William L. Langer,
2336:Živeti sa istorijom
2190:On 12 August 2022,
1899:in Nikšić, and the
1798:Krsto Zrnov Popović
1666:Krsto Zrnov Popović
1646:Victor Emmanuel III
1631:Elena of Montenegro
1372:Essad Pasha Toptani
1138:Montenegrin leader
947:Early modern period
682:Časlav Klonimirović
663:Cyril and Methodius
425:Balšić noble family
264:Italian governorate
4109:Telecommunications
3872:Socialist Republic
3778:Illyrian Provinces
3668:"Montenegro"
3645:The Njegos Network
3259:Samardžić, Radovan
2906:. 12 August 2022.
2876:. 12 August 2022.
2666:has generic name (
2612:Kosovo.birn.eu.com
2181:Zdravko Krivokapić
2100:
2038:
1944:Slobodan Milošević
1861:Youth work actions
1855:was replaced with
1697:13th July uprising
1693:Yugoslav Partisans
1549:
1535:(7 January 1919).
1533:Christmas Uprising
1486:Battle of Mojkovac
1307:
1299:
1291:
1259:
1144:
1090:
1053:, by the order of
1013:coastal Montenegro
995:Montenegro Vilayet
982:
937:Republic of Venice
923:Dalmatian language
903:
890:Second Scutari War
788:
780:
772:
735:Vranjina Monastery
645:migrated from the
629:
621:
502:
456:Republic of Venice
274:Socialist republic
193:Crown land of Zeta
172:Roman Praevalitana
4764:
4763:
4359:
4358:
4331:
4330:
4134:
4133:
4068:
4067:
4035:Political parties
3984:Foreign relations
3956:
3955:
3803:Venetian Province
3206:(2003): 107–138.
3159:Jelavich, Barbara
3135:Jelavich, Barbara
3011:Secondary sources
2818:www.aljazeera.com
2769:, 6 October 2016.
2322:978-0-631-19807-9
2301:978-0-521-22496-3
2077:Golubovci Airbase
2051:NATO air-campaign
2004:In May 1992, the
1818:Tito–Stalin split
1788:Informbiro period
1529:Kingdom of Serbia
1511:. Eventually the
1484:, engaged in the
1478:Peter I of Serbia
1264:, an influential
1219:was divided into
1055:Sultan Beyazid II
961:Great Turkish War
886:First Scutari War
882:Venetian Dalmatia
854:Crnojević Dynasty
828:Serbian Despotate
822:Serbian Despotate
804:was ruled by the
488:Illyro-Roman Wars
381:Early Middle Ages
374:Illyro-Roman Wars
346:
345:
279:Constituent state
269:German occupation
213:Sanjak of Scutari
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
4789:
4701:Dependencies and
4400:Sovereign states
4386:
4379:
4372:
4363:
4344:
4145:
4099:
4079:
3967:
3906:
3884:Federal Republic
3828:
3815:Prince-Bishopric
3799:Austrian period
3768:Venetian Albania
3764:Venetian period
3758:under Crnojevići
3706:
3699:
3692:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3633:
3620:
3608:
3599:
3585:
3564:
3543:
3539:Einhardi Annales
3529:
3510:Moravcsik, Gyula
3498:
3471:
3448:
3434:
3410:
3386:
3367:Tomasevich, Jozo
3362:
3341:
3320:
3299:
3278:
3254:
3235:Runciman, Steven
3230:
3199:
3178:
3154:
3123:
3099:
3075:
3054:
3052:
3038:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2812:Gadzo, Mersiha.
2809:
2803:
2802:
2801:. 15 April 2018.
2791:
2785:
2776:
2770:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2546:
2540:. Archived from
2535:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2261:
1932:Svetozar Marović
1897:Trebjesa brewery
1893:Jugopetrol Kotor
1814:Vladimir Popović
1717:Radojica Perišić
1713:Zaharije Ostojić
1642:Denis Mack Smith
1619:Kingdom of Italy
1615:Benito Mussolini
1573:Democratic Party
1410:Božidar Janković
1396:. Shortly after
1205:
1199:
1065:'s son Staniša (
1032:theocratic state
971:Venetian Albania
900:Venetian Albania
708:Pope Gregory VII
649:to the River of
545:Illyrian kingdom
506:Slavonic peoples
445:
391:, the west, and
338:
331:
324:
223:Prince-Bishopric
159:
149:
131:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4744:
4702:
4696:
4682:Northern Cyprus
4664:
4658:
4574:North Macedonia
4395:
4390:
4360:
4355:
4347:
4340:
4327:
4280:
4183:
4130:
4097:
4064:
4045:Law enforcement
3952:
3938:Protected areas
3895:
3826:
3784:Ottoman period
3748:under Nemanjići
3716:
3710:
3664:
3631:
3628:
3623:
3613:Живковић, Тибор
3611:
3602:
3588:
3582:
3567:
3561:
3546:
3532:
3526:
3512:, ed. (1967) .
3508:
3503:Primary sources
3474:
3451:
3439:Živković, Tibor
3437:
3431:
3415:Živković, Tibor
3413:
3407:
3391:Živković, Tibor
3389:
3383:
3365:
3359:
3344:
3338:
3323:
3317:
3302:
3296:
3281:
3275:
3257:
3251:
3233:
3227:
3212:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3157:
3151:
3133:
3120:
3102:
3096:
3078:
3072:
3057:
3041:
3035:
3017:
3008:
3006:Further reading
3003:
3002:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2972:. 12 June 2023.
2964:
2963:
2959:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2936:. 2 April 2023.
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2830:
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2825:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2777:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2662:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2619:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2590:
2588:The Independent
2581:
2580:
2576:
2571:Wayback Machine
2563:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2470:Wayback Machine
2462:
2458:
2454:(1929): 941–66.
2439:
2435:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2391:Djukanović 2022
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2311:
2307:
2291:John Boardman.
2290:
2283:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2231:
2203:Jakov Milatović
2201:In March 2023,
2192:a mass shooting
2185:Dritan Abazovic
2155:became a member
2121:
2072:Kaludjerski Laz
2030:
1928:Momir Bulatović
1909:
1806:Veljko Vlahović
1802:Vladimir Šipčić
1790:
1782:Main articles:
1780:
1768:Josip Broz Tito
1709:Blažo Đukanović
1621:in the area of
1611:
1603:Main articles:
1601:
1541:
1398:Austria-Hungary
1390:
1382:Main articles:
1380:
1251:
1245:
1200:
1101:
1095:
1001:
989:Main articles:
987:
963:
951:Main articles:
949:
892:
880:Main articles:
878:
846:
838:Main articles:
836:
824:
816:Main articles:
814:
806:house of Balšić
798:
790:Main articles:
769:House of Balšić
761:
749:
743:
703:Stefan Vojislav
639:
631:Main articles:
613:
584:Dalmatian coast
494:
478:Main articles:
476:
397:Stefan Vojislav
342:
147:
140:
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4769:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4756:European Union
4752:
4750:
4749:Other entities
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4703:other entities
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4649:United Kingdom
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4462:Czech Republic
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4397:
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4391:
4389:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
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4345:
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4336:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4004:Prime Minister
3996:
3994:Municipalities
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Extreme points
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3867:SFR Yugoslavia
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3830:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3774:French period
3772:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715: articles
3711:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3627:
3626:External links
3624:
3622:
3621:
3609:
3600:
3592:, ed. (1928).
3586:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3544:
3536:, ed. (1845).
3530:
3524:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3472:
3449:
3435:
3429:
3411:
3405:
3387:
3381:
3363:
3357:
3342:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3300:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3255:
3249:
3231:
3225:
3210:
3200:
3194:
3179:
3173:
3155:
3149:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3100:
3094:
3076:
3070:
3055:
3039:
3033:
3019:Ćirković, Sima
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2975:
2957:
2939:
2921:
2904:Balkan Insight
2891:
2861:
2842:
2823:
2804:
2799:Balkan Insight
2786:
2771:
2755:
2743:
2728:
2710:
2707:. 3 June 2016.
2705:Balkan Insight
2692:
2673:
2628:
2599:
2574:
2557:
2522:
2498:
2473:
2456:
2433:
2420:
2408:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2364:
2350:Ćirković, Sima
2341:
2326:
2305:
2281:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2223:Milojko Spajic
2148:Milan Knežević
2144:Andrija Mandić
2140:Milo Đukanović
2125:United Nations
2120:
2117:
2029:
2026:
2006:United Nations
1924:Milo Đukanović
1908:
1905:
1838:Vlado Dapčević
1834:Arso Jovanović
1779:
1776:
1733:Pavle Djurisic
1678:Lovćen Brigade
1600:
1597:
1559:dominated the
1540:
1537:
1402:Central Powers
1379:
1376:
1328:Following the
1247:Main article:
1244:
1243:Modern history
1241:
1182:Old Montenegro
1166:Old Montenegro
1140:Bajo Pivljanin
1127:in modern-day
1097:Main article:
1094:
1091:
1063:Ivan Crnojević
1044:Ottoman Empire
1028:Ottoman Empire
986:
983:
948:
945:
877:
874:
835:
832:
813:
810:
760:
757:
745:Main article:
742:
739:
727:Stefan Nemanja
697:Jovan Vladimir
612:
609:
580:Greek churches
537:Greek colonies
475:
472:
452:Ottoman Empire
358:Roman Republic
344:
343:
341:
340:
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203:Albania Veneta
200:
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4718:
4716:
4715:Faroe Islands
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:South Ossetia
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
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4652:
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4547:
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4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:Liechtenstein
4532:
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4453:
4450:
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4410:
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4049:Human rights
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3753:under Balšići
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3195:9781576078006
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3174:9780521274593
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3071:9781538139158
3067:
3063:
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3051:
3050:
3044:
3043:Curta, Florin
3040:
3036:
3034:9781405142915
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2664:|author=
2657:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2618:on 2011-11-14
2617:
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2609:
2603:
2600:
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2547:on 2015-04-03
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2418:
2412:
2409:
2406:, chapter III
2405:
2399:
2396:
2393:, p. 88.
2392:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2365:9781405142915
2361:
2357:
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2327:
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2319:
2315:
2314:The Illyrians
2312:Wilkes John.
2309:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2271:on 1997-01-16
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2027:
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2023:
2022:Italian Mafia
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:Pavle Strugar
1991:
1987:
1983:
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1870:
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1854:
1849:
1847:
1846:Peko Dapčević
1843:
1842:Milovan Đilas
1839:
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1730:
1726:
1725:Bajo Stanišić
1722:
1721:Petar Baćović
1718:
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1702:
1698:
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1510:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:Janko Vukotić
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:Battle of Cer
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:from Serbia.
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
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1395:
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898:Territory of
896:
891:
887:
883:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
862:Gulf of Kotor
859:
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851:
845:
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693:Serbian Realm
690:
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667:Christianised
664:
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533:Mediterranean
530:
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493:
489:
485:
481:
474:Early history
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
444:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:had replaced
414:
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259:Zeta Banovina
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73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4692:Transnistria
4654:Vatican City
4563:
4299:Coat of arms
4202:Architecture
4172:Montenegrins
4157:Demographics
4086:Central Bank
3974:Constitution
3845:World War II
3820:Principality
3733:Praevalitana
3721:
3672:
3616:
3604:
3594:
3590:Шишић, Фердо
3570:
3549:
3538:
3514:
3479:
3476:"Montenegro"
3460:
3457:"Montenegro"
3443:
3419:
3395:
3371:
3347:
3326:
3305:
3284:
3263:
3239:
3215:
3203:
3184:
3163:
3139:
3127:
3108:
3084:
3060:
3048:
3023:
2992:. Retrieved
2990:. 2023-10-31
2987:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2903:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2874:The Guardian
2873:
2864:
2855:
2845:
2836:
2826:
2817:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2774:
2758:
2746:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2687:the Guardian
2686:
2676:
2645:. Retrieved
2641:
2631:
2620:. Retrieved
2616:the original
2611:
2602:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:
2577:
2560:
2549:. Retrieved
2542:the original
2537:
2525:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:
2501:
2490:. Retrieved
2488:. 1991-10-23
2485:
2476:
2459:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2386:
2381:, p. 9.
2379:Roberts 2007
2374:
2354:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2308:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:the original
2259:
2200:
2194:occurred in
2189:
2170:
2163:
2152:
2129:
2122:
2101:
2065:
2058:
2055:
2039:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1982:Croatian War
1975:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1921:
1910:
1850:
1791:
1762:
1728:
1686:
1682:Nazi Germany
1659:
1639:
1612:
1550:
1522:
1518:
1506:
1450:
1426:Mount Lovćen
1391:
1353:
1350:
1327:
1308:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1216:
1210:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1174:
1163:
1155:Bishop Rufim
1145:
1110:
1102:
1074:
1057:. The first
1048:
1030:it became a
1020:
1002:
964:
941:Bay of Kotor
927:
904:
857:
847:
825:
799:
750:
716:
701:
675:
655:Principality
647:Bay of Kotor
640:
605:Romanisation
564:Roman Empire
561:
518:
503:
492:Praevalitana
449:
440:
432:
416:
412:
378:
372:) after the
370:Praevalitana
349:
347:
239:Principality
145:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
4730:Isle of Man
4665:recognition
4634:Switzerland
4569:Netherlands
4244:News Agency
4058:LGBT rights
2136:coup d'état
2108:State Union
2059:During the
2013:Lake Skadar
1978:Bosnian War
1873:Skadar lake
1737:Đorđe Lašić
1660:The puppet
1565:Zeta Banate
1557:Alexander I
1446:Lake Skadar
1394:World War I
1378:World War I
1356:Balkan Wars
1311:Todor Kadić
1206:, from the
943:(Cattaro).
611:Middle Ages
521:Skadar lake
443:monte negro
427:, then the
352:begin with
254:Zeta Oblast
146:History of
109:August 2022
4771:Categories
4604:San Marino
4564:Montenegro
4544:Luxembourg
4524:Kazakhstan
4427:Azerbaijan
4249:Newspapers
4229:Literature
4098:(currency)
4023:Parliament
3999:Government
3713:Montenegro
3560:0472061860
3542:. Hanover.
3119:0472082604
3095:0472081497
2994:2023-11-01
2723:www.un.org
2647:2016-01-07
2622:2016-01-07
2593:2016-01-07
2551:2016-01-07
2516:2016-01-07
2492:2016-01-07
2275:2012-12-07
2251:References
2207:Europe Now
2061:Kosovo War
1967:referendum
1891:. In 1947
1826:Informbiro
1772:Yugoslavia
1591:, and the
1553:World Wars
1539:Yugoslavia
1319:Nicholas I
1059:Sanjak-beg
1015:was under
957:Morean War
464:Yugoslavia
300:Demography
284:Montenegro
164:Prehistory
148:Montenegro
79:newspapers
4720:Gibraltar
4539:Lithuania
4167:Languages
4162:Education
4126:Transport
4091:Companies
4011:President
3979:Elections
3933:Mountains
3901:Geography
3827:(1910–18)
3496:20498317M
3469:23292286M
3161:(1983b).
3137:(1983a).
3106:(1994) .
3082:(1991) .
3024:The Serbs
2934:France 24
2914:12 August
2884:12 August
2656:cite news
2355:The Serbs
1986:Dubrovnik
1903:in 1969.
1857:Podgorica
1830:Goli Otok
1764:Podgorica
1414:artillery
1278:(Prince)
1113:Crnojević
911:Illyrians
858:Crna Gora
830:in 1421.
731:Podgorica
678:Bulgarian
637:Travunija
572:Byzantine
557:Illyricum
514:Illyrians
433:Crna Gora
4740:Svalbard
4725:Guernsey
4672:Abkhazia
4619:Slovenia
4614:Slovakia
4589:Portugal
4447:Bulgaria
4351:Category
4266:Religion
4224:Folklore
4053:Religion
3989:Military
3962:Politics
3825:Kingdom
3615:(2009).
3461:Dalmatia
3455:(1887),
3441:(2012).
3393:(2008).
3369:(2001).
3237:(1988).
3045:(2006).
3021:(2004).
2970:euronews
2952:Koha.net
2908:Archived
2878:Archived
2567:Archived
2538:Yihr.org
2466:Archived
2352:(2004).
2303:, p. 629
2229:See also
2219:election
2211:election
2017:de facto
1865:Titograd
1729:de facto
1701:Pljevlja
1674:Zelenaši
1627:Venetian
1561:Yugoslav
1509:Bordeaux
1474:Sarajevo
1458:Pljevlja
1438:Shengjin
1280:Danilo I
1079:Belgrade
1017:Venetian
933:Venetian
753:Nemanjić
719:Zahumlje
600:Dalmatia
566:between
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