186:
131:
35:
547:(SHS). This technique takes advantage of the high exothermic energy of the reaction to cause high temperature, fast combustion reactions. Advantages of SHS include higher purity of ceramic products, increased sinterability, and shorter processing times. However, the extremely rapid heating rates can result in incomplete reactions between Zr and B, the formation of stable oxides of Zr, and the retention of
44:
361:
898:
The layered bonding between each layer is also very strong but means that the ceramic is highly anisotropic, having different thermal expansions in the 'z' <001> direction. Although the material has excellent high temperature properties, the ceramic has to be produced extremely carefully as any
750:
with B. At temperatures higher than 1600 °C, pure diborides can be obtained from this method. Due to the loss of some boron as boron oxide, excess boron is needed during borothermic reduction. Mechanical milling can lower the reaction temperature required during borothermic reduction. This is
412:
impurities) and good high temperature strength makes it a candidate for high temperature aerospace applications such as hypersonic flight or rocket propulsion systems. It is an unusual ceramic, having relatively high thermal and electrical conductivities, properties it shares with
551:. Stoichiometric reactions have also been carried out by reaction of attrition milled (wearing materials by grinding) Zr and B powder (and then hot pressing at 600 °C for 6 h), and nanoscale particles have been obtained by reacting attrition milled Zr and B
814:
can be prepared from solution-based synthesis methods as well, although few substantial studies have been conducted. Solution-based methods allow for low temperature synthesis of ultrafine UHTC powders. Yan et al. have synthesized
1148:
Sciti, D.; Zoli, L.; Silvestroni, L.; Cecere, A.; Martino, G.D. Di; Savino, R. (2016). "Design, fabrication and high velocity oxy-fuel torch tests of a C f -ZrB 2 - fiber nozzle to evaluate its potential in rocket motors".
856:
soon follows. The polymer must be stable, processable, and contain boron and carbon to be useful for the reaction. Dinitrile polymers formed from the condensation of dinitrile with decaborane satisfy these criteria.
730:
phases have been formed using a plasma voltage and current of 50 V and 500 A, respectively. These coating materials exhibit uniform distribution of fine particles and porous microstructures, which increased hydrogen
847:
can be dispersed in boron carbide polymeric precursors prior to reaction. Heating the reaction mixture to 1500 °C results in the in situ generation of boron carbide and carbon, and the reduction of
954:
in the above reaction—and will rapidly migrate through the lattice between the layers of zirconium and boron, however not in the 'z' direction. Of interest, the other transmutation product,
636:
mixture yields increased conversion to the diboride, and particle sizes of 25–40 nm at 800 °C. After metallothermic reduction and DSHS reactions, MgO can be separated from ZrB
374:
891:
energies (i.e. the atoms do not deviate easily from their lattice sites). This means that the concentration of defects will remain low, even at high temperatures, preventing
566:
to their respective diborides can also be achieved via metallothermic reduction. Inexpensive precursor materials are used and reacted according to the reaction below:
722:
if a UHTC coating is desired. Precursor or powder particles react with plasma at high temperatures (6000–15000 °C) which greatly reduces the reaction time. ZrB
617:
via SHS often leads to incomplete conversion of reactants, and therefore double SHS (DSHS) has been employed by some researchers. A second SHS reaction with Mg and
498:
1778:
715:
and better sinterability. Boron carbide must be subjected to grinding prior to the boron carbide reduction to promote oxide reduction and diffusion processes.
1510:
Zoli, Luca; Costa, Anna Luisa; Sciti, Diletta (December 2015). "Synthesis of nanosized zirconium diboride powder via oxide-borohydride solid-state reaction".
544:
1296:
Sciti, D.; Pienti, L.; Murri, A. Natali; Landi, E.; Medri, V.; Zoli, L. (2014). "From random chopped to oriented continuous SiC fibers–ZrB2 composites".
1733:
Middleburgh, Simon C.; Parfitt, David C.; Blair, Paul R.; Grimes, Robin W. (2011). "Atomic Scale
Modeling of Point Defects in Zirconium Diboride".
2204:
1572:
1358:
1329:
471:
which react with the surface oxides to increase the driving force for sintering but mechanical properties are degraded compared to hot pressed ZrB
408:(UHTC) with a melting point of 3246 °C. This along with its relatively low density of ~6.09 g/cm (measured density may be higher due to
1570:
Yan, Yongjie; et al. (2006). "New Route to
Synthesize Ultra-Fine Zirconium Diboride Powders Using Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Precursors".
1391:
1428:
Karuna
Purnapu Rupa, P.; et al. (2010). "Microstructure and Phase Composition of Composite Coatings Formed by Plasma Spraying of ZrO
1438:
1028:
Zhang, S. C; Hilmas, G. E; Fahrenholtz, W. G (2006). "Pressureless
Densification of Zirconium Diboride with Boron Carbide Additions".
2297:
1771:
1483:
200:
539:
via stoichiometric reaction is thermodynamically favorable (ΔG=−279.6 kJ mol) and therefore, this route can be used to produce ZrB
3070:
1671:
Magnuson, Martin; Tengdelius, Lina; Greczynski, Grzegorz; Hultman, Lars; Högberg, Hans (2018). "Chemical bonding in epitaxial ZrB
958:, is likely to be trapped in the boron vacancies that are produced by the boron-10 transmutation and not be released from the
405:
331:
763:
and B after milling. This method is also not very useful for industrial applications due to the loss of expensive boron as
3085:
2131:
49:
381:
2145:
1764:
1356:
Chamberlain, Adam L.; William G. Fahrenholtz; Gregory E. Hilmas (2009). "Reactive hot pressing of zirconium diboride".
2117:
1481:
Peshev, P. & Bliznakov, G. (1968). "On the borothermic preparation of titanium, zirconium and hafnium diborides".
164:
835:
at 1500 °C. The synthesized powders exhibit 200 nm crystallite size and low oxygen content (~ 1.0 wt%). ZrB
1269:
Sciti, D.; Murri, A. Natali; Medri, V.; Zoli, L. (2015). "Continuous C fibre composites with a porous ZrB2 Matrix".
3080:
590:
Mg is used as a reactant to allow for acid leaching of unwanted oxide products. Stoichiometric excesses of Mg and B
2196:
860:
2833:
651:
reduction is one of the most popular methods for UHTC synthesis. The precursor materials for this reaction (ZrO
703:
has also been observed as a product from the reaction, but if the reaction is carried out with 20–25% excess B
1209:"Understanding the mechanical properties of novel UHTCMCs through random forest and regression tree analysis"
535:. This reaction provides for precise stoichiometric control of the materials. At 2000 K, the formation of ZrB
2919:
2889:
2840:
2016:
1881:
868:
490:
resistance through SiC creating a protective oxide layer - similar to aluminium's protective alumina layer.
2979:
2926:
2896:
2848:
2803:
1539:"Synthesis of group IV and V metal diboride nanocrystals via borothermal reduction with sodium borohydride"
126:
2986:
2855:
2643:
2395:
2220:
2109:
2078:
2066:
1956:
1889:
1601:
508:
456:
53:
2964:
2934:
2904:
2881:
2650:
2428:
699:
This method requires a slight excess of boron, as some boron is oxidized during boron carbide reduction.
2971:
2941:
2911:
2818:
2445:
2290:
2054:
2046:
2024:
2004:
1984:
1943:
1931:
1907:
1897:
1839:
943:
641:
552:
71:
2866:
2810:
2549:
2464:
1976:
1855:
1847:
1829:
1819:
1694:
1645:
1447:
1400:
992:
512:
2873:
2086:
2034:
1915:
1809:
1787:
181:
98:
2479:
2949:
2435:
2388:
2380:
2232:
1710:
1684:
1463:
1088:"Efficacy of a ZrB 2 –SiC matrix in protecting C fibres from oxidation in novel UHTCMC materials"
3019:
2956:
2825:
2632:
2453:
2163:
1996:
1951:
1876:
1010:
959:
872:
700:
611:
417:
299:
34:
1119:"Rapid spark plasma sintering to produce dense UHTCs reinforced with undamaged carbon fibres"
3075:
3008:
2686:
2674:
2658:
2589:
2575:
2503:
2472:
2283:
2171:
1964:
1742:
1702:
1653:
1610:
1581:
1550:
1519:
1492:
1455:
1408:
1367:
1338:
1305:
1278:
1251:
1220:
1189:
1158:
1130:
1099:
1068:
1037:
1000:
939:
892:
875:
at substrate temperatures greater than 800 °C. Recently, high-quality thin films of ZrB
732:
421:
282:
228:
400:) is a highly covalent refractory ceramic material with a hexagonal crystal structure. ZrB
108:
2666:
2559:
2511:
1207:
Vinci, Antonio; Zoli, Luca; Sciti, Diletta; Melandri, Cesare; Guicciardi, Stefano (2018).
979:
Fleurence, A.; Friedlein, R.; Ozaki, T.; Kawai, H.; Wang, Y.; Yamada-Takamura, Y. (2012).
920:
908:
719:
1413:
1386:
527:
can be synthesized by stoichiometric reaction between constituent elements, in this case
185:
130:
1698:
1649:
1451:
1404:
996:
679:
is prepared at greater than 1600 °C for at least 1 hour by the following reaction:
2694:
2403:
1371:
1342:
1255:
1193:
951:
832:
752:
711:
remains. Lower synthesis temperatures (~1600 °C) produce UHTCs that exhibit finer
672:
352:
306:
1599:
Su, Kai & Sneddon, Larry G. (1993). "A polymer precursor route to metal borides".
3064:
2491:
1746:
1714:
1657:
1585:
1523:
1496:
1467:
1072:
1041:
904:
756:
664:
648:
504:
464:
414:
271:
152:
119:
435:(pressure applied to the heated powder) and then machined to shape. Sintering of ZrB
1537:
Zoli, Luca; Galizia, Pietro; Silvestroni, Laura; Sciti, Diletta (23 January 2018).
1005:
980:
888:
444:
432:
1309:
1282:
1224:
1178:"Tough salami-inspired C f /ZrB 2 UHTCMCs produced by electrophoretic deposition"
1162:
1134:
1103:
887:
Zirconium diboride gains its high-temperature mechanical stability from the high
923:
764:
598:
are often required during metallothermic reductions to consume all available ZrO
555:
314:
17:
1117:
Zoli, L.; Vinci, A.; Silvestroni, L.; Sciti, D.; Reece, M.; Grasso, S. (2017).
1706:
1459:
839:
preparation from polymeric precursors has also been recently investigated. ZrO
828:
712:
618:
603:
243:
1323:Çamurlu, H. Erdem & Filippo Maglia. (2009). "Preparation of nano-size ZrB
738:
Another method for the synthesis of UHTCs is the borothermic reduction of ZrO
1387:"Preparation of ultrafine boride powders by metallothermic reduction method"
528:
487:
452:
448:
1014:
782:
using a molar ratio M:B of 1:4 at 700 °C for 30 min under argon flow.
43:
1628:
Randich, E. (1979). "Chemical vapor deposited borides of the form (Ti,Zr)B
947:
864:
548:
440:
1614:
2326:
2306:
1555:
1538:
955:
899:
excess of either zirconium or boron will not be accommodated in the ZrB
409:
261:
139:
1756:
2355:
981:"Experimental Evidence for Epitaxial Silicene on Diboride Thin Films"
468:
1239:
1208:
1177:
1176:
Galizia, Pietro; Failla, Simone; Zoli, Luca; Sciti, Diletta (2018).
1118:
1087:
774:
were successfully synthesized by Zoli's reaction, a reduction of ZrO
351:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1689:
919:
Zirconium diboride is also investigated as a possible material for
507:
reinforced zirconium diboride composites show high toughness while
606:
and can be used to produce the diborides by SHS. Production of ZrB
532:
511:
reinforced zirconium diboride composites are brittle and show a
2279:
2275:
1760:
718:
Boron carbide reductions can also be carried out via reactive
1055:
Fahrenholtz, William G (2007). "Thermodynamic
Analysis of ZrB
169:
1327:
powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis".
369:
1238:
Zoli, L.; Medri, V.; Melandri, C.; Sciti, D. (2015).
1059:–SiC Oxidation: Formation of a SiC-Depleted Region".
911:
which may initiate failure under extreme conditions.
443:
nature and presence of surface oxides which increase
2189:
2102:
1924:
1869:
1794:
879:can also be prepared by physical vapor deposition.
819:
powders using the inorganic-organic precursors ZrOC
938:The layered structure provides a plane for helium
883:Defects and secondary phases in zirconium diboride
915:Diffusion and transmutation in zirconium diboride
903:lattice (i.e. the material does not deviate from
499:ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites
151:
107:
671:are less expensive than those required by the
2291:
1772:
463:is possible with sintering additives such as
8:
863:can be used to prepare zirconium diboride.
545:self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
2298:
2284:
2276:
2099:
1779:
1765:
1757:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1385:Nishiyama, Katsuhiro; et al. (2009).
184:
129:
26:
1688:
1554:
1412:
1004:
751:due to the increased particle mixing and
707:C, the ZrC phase disappears, and only ZrB
2178:
2174:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2120:
2027:
1900:
1858:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1240:"Continuous SiC fibers-ZrB 2 composites"
1735:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1573:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1543:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1359:Journal of the European Ceramic Society
1330:Journal of the European Ceramic Society
1244:Journal of the European Ceramic Society
1182:Journal of the European Ceramic Society
1061:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1030:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
971:
205:
180:
2339:
558:(10 nm in size). Reduction of ZrO
120:
2792:
1392:Journal of Physics: Conference Series
478:Additions of ~30 vol% SiC to ZrB
212:Key: NXBOAJHBGIROOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
7:
2322:
1439:Journal of Thermal Spray Technology
142:
1372:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.07.006
1343:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.09.006
1256:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.08.008
1194:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.09.047
25:
1484:Journal of the Less Common Metals
1747:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04360.x
1675:studied by X-ray spectroscopy".
1586:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01269.x
1524:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.07.029
1073:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01329.x
1042:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00949.x
867:gas is used to reduce vapors of
359:
42:
33:
926:due to the presence of boron.
628:as reactants along with the ZrB
355:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1414:10.1088/1742-6596/176/1/012043
1006:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.245501
907:). Instead it will form extra
675:and borothermic reactions. ZrB
439:is hindered by the material's
406:ultra-high temperature ceramic
332:Occupational safety and health
1:
942:to occur. He is formed as a
1658:10.1016/0040-6090(79)90034-8
1497:10.1016/0022-5088(68)90199-9
1310:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.06.037
1283:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.136
1225:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.02.061
1163:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.090
1135:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.029
1104:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.104
1086:Zoli, L.; Sciti, D. (2017).
755:that result from decreased
3102:
2794:
909:lower melting point phases
248:112.85 g/mol
2341:
2319:
1707:10.1016/j.tsf.2018.01.021
1460:10.1007/s11666-010-9479-y
861:Chemical vapor deposition
349:
329:
324:
292:
221:
196:
91:
80:
70:
65:
41:
32:
3071:Zirconium(II) compounds
985:Physical Review Letters
934:→ → α + Li + 2.31 MeV.
869:zirconium tetrachloride
1602:Chemistry of Materials
1298:Materials & Design
1271:Materials & Design
1213:Materials & Design
1151:Materials & Design
1123:Materials & Design
1092:Materials & Design
647:Synthesis of UHTCs by
602:. These reactions are
457:Pressureless sintering
944:transmutation product
767:during the reaction.
509:silicon carbide fiber
482:is often added to ZrB
3086:Refractory materials
513:catastrophic failure
209:InChI=1S/B2.Zr/c1-2;
2190:Organozirconium(IV)
2103:Acids and complexes
1788:Zirconium compounds
1699:2018TSF...649...89M
1650:1979TSF....63..309R
1615:10.1021/cm00035a013
1452:2010JTST...19..816K
1405:2009JPhCS.176a2043N
997:2012PhRvL.108x5501F
770:Nanocrystals of ZrB
283:Solubility in water
54:(2×2)-reconstructed
29:
28:Zirconium diboride
1556:10.1111/jace.15401
1512:Scripta Materialia
431:parts are usually
394:Zirconium diboride
382:Infobox references
256:grey-black powder
75:Zirconium diboride
27:
3081:Ceramic materials
3058:
3057:
3052:
3051:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
1609:(11): 1659–1668.
1580:(11): 3585–3588.
1366:(16): 3401–3408.
1250:(16): 4371–4376.
895:of the material.
873:boron trichloride
798:+ 2Na(g,l) + NaBO
418:titanium diboride
390:Chemical compound
388:
387:
300:Crystal structure
165:CompTox Dashboard
16:(Redirected from
3093:
2323:
2300:
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2241:
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2100:
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1861:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1741:(7): 2225–2229.
1730:
1719:
1718:
1692:
1677:Thin Solid Films
1668:
1662:
1661:
1638:Thin Solid Films
1625:
1619:
1618:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1549:(6): 2627–2637.
1534:
1528:
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1501:
1500:
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1472:
1471:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1337:(8): 1501–1506.
1320:
1314:
1313:
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1287:
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1260:
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1052:
1046:
1045:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1008:
976:
445:grain coarsening
422:hafnium diboride
372:
366:
363:
362:
320:P6/mmm, No. 191
229:Chemical formula
189:
188:
173:
171:
155:
144:
133:
122:
111:
46:
37:
30:
21:
18:Zirconium boride
3101:
3100:
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3092:
3091:
3090:
3061:
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3059:
3054:
3053:
3023:
3012:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2636:
2593:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2553:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2457:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2384:
2334:
2330:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2274:
2265:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1898:
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1885:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1790:
1785:
1755:
1754:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1027:
1026:
1022:
978:
977:
973:
968:
933:
921:nuclear reactor
917:
902:
885:
878:
855:
851:
846:
842:
838:
826:
822:
818:
813:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
777:
773:
762:
753:lattice defects
749:
745:
741:
729:
725:
720:plasma spraying
710:
706:
694:
690:
686:
678:
668:
662:
658:
654:
639:
635:
631:
626:
622:
615:
609:
601:
597:
593:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
561:
542:
538:
526:
521:
496:
485:
481:
474:
462:
438:
430:
403:
399:
391:
384:
379:
378:
377: ?)
368:
364:
360:
356:
345:Uninvestigated
342:
317:
302:
285:
237:
231:
217:
214:
213:
210:
204:
203:
192:
174:
167:
158:
145:
114:
101:
87:
86:
76:
61:
59:
47:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2143:
2129:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1720:
1672:
1663:
1644:(2): 309–313.
1633:
1629:
1620:
1591:
1562:
1529:
1502:
1473:
1446:(4): 816–823.
1433:
1429:
1420:
1377:
1348:
1324:
1315:
1288:
1261:
1230:
1199:
1188:(2): 403–409.
1168:
1140:
1109:
1078:
1056:
1047:
1036:(5): 1544–50.
1020:
991:(24): 245501.
970:
969:
967:
964:
952:alpha particle
936:
935:
931:
916:
913:
900:
884:
881:
876:
853:
849:
844:
840:
836:
833:phenolic resin
824:
820:
816:
811:
808:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
779:
775:
771:
760:
757:particle sizes
747:
743:
739:
727:
723:
708:
704:
697:
696:
692:
688:
684:
676:
673:stoichiometric
666:
660:
656:
652:
637:
633:
629:
624:
620:
613:
607:
599:
595:
591:
588:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
563:
559:
540:
536:
524:
520:
517:
494:
483:
479:
472:
460:
436:
428:
401:
397:
389:
386:
385:
380:
358:
357:
353:standard state
350:
347:
346:
343:
340:
337:
336:
327:
326:
322:
321:
318:
313:
310:
309:
303:
298:
295:
294:
290:
289:
286:
281:
278:
277:
274:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
235:
232:
227:
224:
223:
219:
218:
216:
215:
211:
208:
207:
199:
198:
197:
194:
193:
191:
190:
177:
175:
163:
160:
159:
157:
156:
148:
146:
138:
135:
134:
124:
116:
115:
113:
112:
104:
102:
97:
94:
93:
89:
88:
84:
82:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
63:
62:
60:(0001) surface
57:
48:
39:
38:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3098:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2262:
2231:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2144:
2142:
2130:
2128:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:(1): 012043.
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
972:
965:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
929:
928:
927:
925:
922:
914:
912:
910:
906:
905:stoichiometry
896:
894:
890:
889:atomic defect
882:
880:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
834:
830:
785:
784:
783:
768:
766:
758:
754:
736:
734:
721:
716:
714:
702:
691:C + 3C → 2ZrB
682:
681:
680:
674:
670:
650:
649:boron carbide
645:
643:
642:acid leaching
627:
616:
605:
569:
568:
567:
557:
554:
550:
546:
534:
530:
518:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
500:
491:
489:
476:
470:
466:
465:boron carbide
458:
454:
450:
449:densification
446:
442:
434:
425:
423:
419:
416:
415:isostructural
411:
407:
395:
383:
376:
371:
354:
348:
344:
339:
338:
334:
333:
328:
323:
319:
316:
312:
311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
284:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:Melting point
270:
269:
265:
263:
260:
259:
255:
252:
251:
247:
245:
242:
241:
233:
230:
226:
225:
220:
206:
202:
195:
187:
183:
182:DTXSID5065223
179:
178:
176:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
147:
141:
137:
136:
132:
128:
125:
123:
121:ECHA InfoCard
118:
117:
110:
106:
105:
103:
100:
96:
95:
90:
79:
73:
69:
64:
55:
52:image of the
51:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2567:
2311:
1801:
1738:
1734:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1641:
1637:
1632:and (Ta,Ti)B
1623:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1443:
1437:
1436:C Powders".
1423:
1396:
1390:
1380:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1334:
1328:
1318:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1067:(1): 143–8.
1064:
1060:
1050:
1033:
1029:
1023:
988:
984:
974:
937:
924:control rods
918:
897:
886:
859:
809:
769:
737:
717:
698:
646:
589:
556:crystallites
522:
505:Carbon fiber
503:
492:
477:
426:
393:
392:
341:Main hazards
330:
92:Identifiers
81:Other names
1518:: 100–103.
1304:: 464–470.
1277:: 127–134.
1157:: 709–717.
1098:: 207–213.
950:—it is the
765:boron oxide
713:grain sizes
582:+ 5Mg → ZrB
519:Preparation
501:(UHTCMCs).
497:is used in
486:to improve
433:hot pressed
335:(OHS/OSH):
315:Space group
305:Hexagonal,
266:6.085 g/cm
253:Appearance
222:Properties
127:100.031.772
3065:Categories
1690:1801.08663
1219:: 97–107.
966:References
829:boric acid
733:flow rates
604:exothermic
293:Structure
288:Insoluble
244:Molar mass
109:12045-64-6
99:CAS Number
72:IUPAC name
1715:103292992
1683:: 89–96.
1491:: 23–32.
1468:136019792
940:diffusion
778:with NaBH
553:precursor
488:oxidation
453:sintering
276:~3246 °C
2197:Zr(acac)
1015:23004288
948:boron-10
865:Hydrogen
746:, or HfO
640:by mild
549:porosity
441:covalent
325:Hazards
153:15787711
3076:Borides
2795:
2307:Borides
1870:Zr(III)
1695:Bibcode
1646:Bibcode
1448:Bibcode
1401:Bibcode
1129:: 1–7.
993:Bibcode
960:lattice
956:lithium
893:failure
843:and HfO
790:+ 3NaBH
726:and ZrO
562:and HfO
451:during
447:before
410:hafnium
375:what is
373: (
262:Density
238:
140:PubChem
2067:Zr(SeO
2035:Zr(HPO
2017:Zr(OH)
2005:Zr(ClO
1925:Zr(IV)
1795:Zr(II)
1713:
1466:
1013:
852:to ZrB
759:of ZnO
586:+ 5MgO
469:carbon
459:of ZrB
404:is an
370:verify
367:
66:Names
2213:)ZrCl
2087:Zr(WO
2079:ZrSiO
2055:Zr(SO
1997:ZrOCl
1985:Zr(NO
1965:Zr(IO
1932:Zr(CH
1711:S2CID
1685:arXiv
1464:S2CID
1432:and B
930:B + n
794:→ ZrB
742:, TiO
695:+ 4CO
610:from
201:InChI
2225:ZrCl
1957:ZrCl
1944:ZrBr
1936:COO)
1890:ZrBr
1882:ZrCl
1848:ZrSi
1821:ZrCl
1811:ZrBr
1011:PMID
871:and
831:and
802:+ 6H
683:2ZrO
663:and
659:/HfO
655:/TiO
632:/ZrO
531:and
467:and
420:and
396:(ZrB
3048:No
3045:Md
3042:Fm
3039:Es
3036:Cf
3033:Bk
3030:Cm
3027:Am
3020:PuB
3016:Np
3005:Pa
3002:Th
2999:Ac
2996:**
2987:YbB
2980:YbB
2972:TmB
2965:TmB
2957:ErB
2950:ErB
2942:HoB
2935:HoB
2927:DyB
2920:DyB
2912:TbB
2905:TbB
2897:GdB
2890:GdB
2882:EuB
2874:SmB
2867:SmB
2863:Pm
2856:NdB
2849:NdB
2841:PrB
2834:PrB
2826:CeB
2819:CeB
2811:LaB
2804:LaB
2788:Og
2785:Ts
2782:Lv
2779:Mc
2776:Fl
2773:Nh
2770:Cn
2767:Rg
2764:Ds
2761:Mt
2758:Hs
2755:Bh
2752:Sg
2749:Db
2746:Rf
2743:Lr
2740:**
2737:Ra
2734:Fr
2729:Rn
2726:At
2723:Po
2720:Bi
2717:Pb
2714:Tl
2711:Hg
2708:Au
2705:Pt
2702:Ir
2695:OsB
2687:ReB
2667:TaB
2659:HfB
2651:LuB
2644:LuB
2633:BaB
2629:Cs
2624:Xe
2618:Te
2615:Sb
2612:Sn
2609:In
2606:Cd
2603:Ag
2600:Pd
2597:Rh
2590:RuB
2586:Tc
2583:Mo
2576:NbB
2568:ZrB
2550:SrB
2546:Rb
2541:Kr
2538:Br
2535:Se
2532:As
2529:Ge
2526:Ga
2523:Zn
2520:Cu
2473:FeB
2469:Mn
2465:CrB
2454:TiB
2446:ScB
2436:CaB
2429:CaB
2420:Ar
2417:Cl
2404:SiB
2396:AlB
2389:AlB
2381:MgB
2377:Na
2372:Ne
2352:Be
2349:Li
2344:He
2252:ZrO
2248:140
2177:ZrO
2164:ZrO
2155:ZrF
2147:(NH
2137:ZrF
2123:ZrF
2110:ZrF
2047:ZrS
2026:ZrP
1977:ZrI
1952:ZrC
1916:ZrP
1908:ZrI
1899:ZrF
1877:ZrN
1857:ZrI
1840:ZrH
1831:ZrF
1802:ZrB
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1703:doi
1681:649
1654:doi
1636:".
1611:doi
1582:doi
1551:doi
1547:101
1520:doi
1516:109
1493:doi
1456:doi
1409:doi
1397:176
1368:doi
1339:doi
1306:doi
1279:doi
1252:doi
1221:doi
1217:145
1190:doi
1159:doi
1155:109
1131:doi
1127:130
1100:doi
1096:113
1069:doi
1038:doi
1001:doi
989:108
946:of
848:ZrO
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823:•8H
815:ZrB
810:ZrB
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543:by
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307:hP3
234:ZrB
170:EPA
143:CID
83:ZrB
56:ZrB
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2560:YB
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2504:Ni
2492:Co
2480:Fe
2461:V
2448:12
2425:K
2414:S
2411:P
2398:12
2369:F
2366:O
2363:N
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2922:4
2914:6
2907:4
2899:6
2892:4
2884:6
2876:6
2869:4
2858:6
2851:4
2843:6
2836:4
2828:6
2821:4
2813:6
2806:4
2697:x
2689:2
2681:y
2679:B
2677:x
2675:W
2669:x
2661:2
2653:6
2646:4
2635:6
2592:x
2578:2
2570:2
2562:x
2552:6
2516:B
2514:2
2508:B
2506:3
2498:y
2496:B
2494:x
2486:y
2484:B
2482:x
2475:4
2456:2
2438:6
2431:4
2406:x
2391:2
2383:2
2356:B
2333:y
2331:H
2329:x
2327:B
2312:x
2309:B
2299:e
2292:t
2285:v
2257:8
2243:H
2234:C
2227:2
2223:2
2215:3
2211:5
2209:H
2207:5
2199:4
2179:3
2175:2
2166:2
2157:6
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2149:4
2139:6
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761:2
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744:2
740:2
728:2
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709:2
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685:2
677:2
667:4
665:B
661:2
657:2
653:2
638:2
634:2
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625:3
621:3
619:H
614:2
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600:2
596:3
594:O
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580:3
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576:2
572:2
564:2
560:2
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537:2
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525:2
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365:Y
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