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disclose their subjects' complex and sincere emotions, their personalities and fates. The orientation of
Kramskoi's art, his acute critical judgments about it, and his persistent quest for objective public criteria for the evaluation of art exerted an essential influence on the development of realist art and aesthetics in Russia in the last third of the nineteenth century.
466:, 1880) in which expressive simplicity of composition and clarity of depiction emphasize profound psychological elements of character. Kramskoi's democratic ideals found their brightest expression in his portraits of peasants, which portrayed a wealth of character-details in representatives of the common people.
486:
Aspiring to expand the ideological expressiveness of his images, Kramskoi created art that existed on the cusp of portraiture and genre-painting ("Nekrasov during the period of 'Last songs,'" 1877β78; "Unknown Woman," 1883; "Inconsolable grief," 1884; all in
Tretyakov gallery). These paintings
584:
483:'s humanistic tradition by treating a religious subject in moralβphilosophical terms. He imbued his image of Christ with dramatic experiences in a deeply psychological and vital interpretation, evoking the idea of his heroic self-sacrifice.
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death, Kramskoi created a portrait of the poet that became widely popular. He created a gallery of portraits of important
Russian writers, scientists, artists and public figures (
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438:, and the moral substance and nationality of art. He became one of the main founders and ideologists of the Company of Itinerant Art Exhibitions (or
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Kramskoi was considered an eccentric for giving his works to customers in expensive frames and not charging money for it. He died from an
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Influenced by the ideas of the
Russian revolutionary democrats, Kramskoi asserted the high public duty of the artist, principles of
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442:). In 1863β1868, he taught at the drawing school of a society for the promotion of applied arts. In 1871, ten years after
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419:" which ended with the expulsion from the Academy of a group of its graduates, who organized the
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849:ΠΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, 1837β1887
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984:(in Russian). Vol. 15. Moscow: Bolshaya Rossiyskaya Entsiklopediya. p. 576.
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944:(2nd ed.). New York, London: Garland. p. 207, entries nos. 6298β6304.
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795:"ΠΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (1837β1887) β ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π·Ρ Π‘Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ"
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32:
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1013:. Vol. 18. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 438β439.
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415:; he reacted against academic art and was an initiator of the "
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378:. He was an intellectual leader of the art movement known as
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852:(in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Suvorin Typography.
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72:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
494:while working at his easel, aged only forty-nine.
1141:19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire
469:In one of Kramskoi's most well known paintings,
1131:19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
426:
8:
1126:Orientalist painters from the Russian Empire
814:"5 eccentricities of great Russian painters"
411:family. From 1857 to 1863 he studied at the
891:(2 vols.) (in Russian). Moscow: Iskusstvo.
360:27 May] 1837 β 5 April [
143:
717:
407:Kramskoi came from an impoverished petit-
132:Learn how and when to remove this message
1069:Ivan Kramskoi Gallery at MuseumSyndicate
747:. Oxford University Press. p. 335.
744:The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists
916:
861:
838:Kramskoi, Ivan N.; et al. (1888).
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705:
501:
922:
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1121:Male painters from the Russian Empire
1064:Ivan Kramskoi's gallery and biography
531:, 1871, after the 1859 photograph by
7:
70:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
1106:People from Ostrogozhsky District
1039:– via the Internet Archive.
907:(in Russian). Moscow: Iskusstvo.
635:Portrait of a woman reading, 1881
1003:Valkenier, Elizabeth K. (1996).
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1091:Imperial Academy of Arts alumni
1005:"Kramskoy, Ivan (Nikolayevich)"
883:Kramskoi, Ivan N. (1965β1966).
364:24 March] 1887) was a
275:Imperial Academy of Arts (1863)
57:needs additional citations for
1111:People from Ostrogozhsky Uyezd
938:Freitag, Wolfgang M. (1997) .
413:St. Petersburg Academy of Arts
1:
816:. Russia Beyond the Headlines
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
903:Goldstein, Sofya N. (1965).
661:Portrait of an Unknown Woman
456:Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov
302:Portrait of an Unknown Woman
1136:Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery
812:Apresyan, A. (2020-01-25).
546:Old man with a crutch, 1872
16:Russian painter (1837β1887)
1157:
981:Great Russian Encyclopedia
972:"ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ"
929:: CS1 maint: postscript (
874:: CS1 maint: postscript (
460:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
346:Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoi
19:In this name that follows
18:
1007:. In Turner, Jane (ed.).
773:encyclopediaofukraine.com
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905:ΠΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
889:ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ: ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
354:ΠΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
1055:Russian Academy of Arts
448:Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
382:between 1860 and 1880.
174:, 1882, oil on canvas,
968:Grachyova, Svetlana M.
741:Chilvers, Ian (2015).
417:Revolt of the Fourteen
402:
1010:The Dictionary of Art
395:
194:8 June] 1837
998:on January 23, 2023.
560:Christ in the Desert
472:Christ in the Desert
295:Christ in the Desert
202:Voronezh Governorate
66:improve this article
1057:' official website
919:, p. 207, no. 6299.
885:Goldstein, Sofya N.
864:, p. 207, no. 6304.
844:Stasov, Vladimir V.
840:Suvorin, Aleksey S.
647:Mina Moiseyev, 1882
356:; 8 June [
1074:2015-09-12 at the
793:Rozdobudko, Ihor.
444:Taras Shevchenko's
403:
991:978-5-85270-346-0
754:978-0-19-953294-0
677:Vladimir Solovyov
477:Tretyakov gallery
428:ΠΡΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
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190:27 May [
176:Tretyakov Gallery
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769:"Kramskoi, Ivan"
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481:Alexander Ivanov
479:), he continued
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236:Tikhvin Cemetery
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398:Self-Portrait
394:
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380:the Wanderers
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155:ΠΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
152:
148:Ivan Kramskoi
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55:This article
53:
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43:
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31: and the
30:
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22:
1059:(in Russian)
1008:
996:the original
979:
940:
917:Freitag 1997
915:, listed in
904:
888:
862:Freitag 1997
860:, listed in
848:
832:Publications
818:. Retrieved
807:
798:
788:
776:. Retrieved
772:
763:
743:
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513:The Mermaids
511:
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300:
293:
288:The Mermaids
286:
282:Notable work
218:(1887-04-05)
216:5 April 1887
171:
128:
119:
109:
102:
95:
88:
76:
64:Please help
59:verification
56:
36:
29:Nikolayevich
28:
1101:1887 deaths
1096:1837 births
576:Leo Tolstoy
253: [
198:Ostrogozhsk
33:family name
1085:Categories
1037:1033666240
820:2020-02-19
728:References
376:art critic
168:Ilya Repin
92:newspapers
25:patronymic
925:cite book
870:cite book
858:568434544
409:bourgeois
329:Patron(s)
243:Education
122:June 2021
1072:Archived
1029:96013628
970:(2010).
960:96028425
846:(eds.).
714:Kramskoy
462:, 1879,
458:, 1876,
454:, 1873,
450:, 1873,
310:Movement
37:Kramskoi
1053:at the
978:(ed.).
913:7262671
887:(ed.).
778:1 April
623:, 1880s
498:Gallery
475:(1872,
436:realism
372:painter
369:Realist
366:Russian
350:Russian
314:Realism
106:scholar
1035:
1027:
1017:
988:
958:
948:
911:
856:
751:
694:, 1886
679:, 1885
664:, 1883
608:, 1880
593:, 1876
578:, 1873
563:, 1872
516:, 1871
401:, 1867
305:(1883)
298:(1872)
291:(1871)
180:Moscow
108:
101:
94:
87:
79:
23:, the
974:. In
700:Notes
257:]
113:JSTOR
99:books
1033:OCLC
1025:LCCN
1015:ISBN
986:ISBN
956:LCCN
946:ISBN
931:link
909:OCLC
876:link
854:OCLC
842:and
780:2024
749:ISBN
431:").
386:Life
374:and
362:O.S.
358:O.S.
213:Died
192:O.S.
187:Born
85:news
316:,
68:by
35:is
27:is
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