371:. Although nominally isolated from the sewage in the wet well, dry wells are underground, confined spaces and require appropriate precautions for entry. Further, any failure or leakage of the pumps or pipework can discharge sewage directly into the dry well with complete flooding not an uncommon occurrence. As a result, the electric motors are normally mounted above the overflow, top water level of the wet well, usually above ground level, and drive the sewage pumps through an extended vertical shaft. To protect the above ground motors from weather, small pump houses are normally built, which also incorporate the electrical switchgear and control electronics. These are the visible parts of a traditional sewage pumping station although they are typically smaller than the underground wet and dry wells.
90:
designs that ensure reliability and safety, minimizing environmental impacts from overflows. Innovations in pump technology and station design have led to the development of submersible pump stations, which are more compact and safer, effectively reducing the footprint and visibility of sewage management infrastructure. Electronic controllers have enhanced the efficiency and monitoring capabilities of pumping stations, essential for modern systems. Pumped-storage schemes represent a critical use of pumping stations, providing a method for energy storage and generation by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations, highlighting the versatility and importance of pumping stations across sectors.
375:
vertical guide rails and seal onto a permanently fixed "duckfoot", which forms both a mount and also a vertical bend for the discharge pipe. For maintenance or replacement, submersible pumps are raised by a chain off of the duckfoot and up the two guide rails to the maintenance (normally ground) level. Reinstalling the pumps simply reverses this process with the pump being remounted on the guide rails and lowered onto the duckfoot where the weight of the pump reseals it. As the motors are sealed and weather is not a concern, no above ground structures are required, excepting a small kiosk to contain the electrical switchgear and control systems.
208:
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250:. The unit is supplied with internal pipework fitted, pre-assembled ready for installation into the ground, after which the submersible pumps and control equipment are fitted. Features may include controls for fully automatic operation; a high-level alarm indication, in the event of pump failure; and possibly a guide-rail/auto-coupling/pedestal system, to permit easy removal of pumps for maintenance.
20:
347:
and are specially designed with a large open passage so as to avoid clogging with debris or winding stringy debris onto the impeller. A four pole or six pole AC induction motor normally drives the pump. Rather than provide large open passages, some pumps, typically smaller sewage pumps, also macerate
286:
Water pumping stations are constructed in areas in which the demand or projected demand is reasonably defined, and is dependent on a combination of customer needs and fire flow requirements. Average annual per-capita water consumption, peak hour, and maximum daily can vary greatly due to factors such
320:
if the pump merely discharges into a nearby gravity manhole. From here the cycle starts all over again until the sewage reaches its point of destination—usually a treatment plant. By this method, pumping stations are used to move waste to higher elevations. In the case of high sewage flows into the
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between components. The development of a packaged pump station system combined all components into a single housing which not only eliminates uneven settling issues, but pre-plumbing and outfitting each unit prior to installation can reduce the cost and time involved with civil work and site labor.
117:
work, water is lost from the upper part of a canal each time a vessel passes through. Also, most lock gates are not watertight, so some water leaks from the higher levels of the canal to those lower down. The water has to be replaced or eventually the upper levels of the canal would not hold enough
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Typically, water is channeled from a high-level reservoir to a low-level reservoir, through turbine generators that generate electricity. This is done when the station is required to generate power. During low-demand periods, such as overnight, the generators are reversed to become pumps that move
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More modern pumping stations do not require a dry well or pump house and usually consist only of a wet well. In this configuration, submersible sewage pumps with closely coupled electric motor are mounted within the wet well itself, submerged within the sewage. Submersible pumps are mounted on two
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canal levels, supplying water, and managing sewage and floodwaters. In canal systems, pumping stations help replenish water lost through lock usage and leakage, ensuring navigability. Similarly, in land drainage, stations pump water to prevent flooding in areas below sea level, a concept pioneered
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stations are typically designed so that one pump or one set of pumps will handle normal peak flow conditions. Redundancy is built into the system so that in the event that any one pump is out of service, the remaining pump or pumps will handle the designed flow. The storage volume of the wet well
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Due to the much reduced health and safety concerns, and smaller footprint and visibility, submersible pump sewage pumping stations have almost completely superseded traditional sewage pumping stations. Further, a refit of a traditional pumping station usually involves converting it into a modern
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Traditional sewage pumping stations incorporate both a wet well and a "dry well". Often these are the same structure separated by an internal divide. In this configuration pumps are installed below ground level on the base of the dry well so that their inlets are below water level on pump start,
253:
Traditional site constructed systems have the valve vault components installed in a separate structure. Having two structural components can lead to potentially serious site problems such as uneven settling between components which results in stress on, and failure of the pipes and connections
89:
Water pumping stations are differentiated by their applications, such as sourcing from wells, raw water pumping, and high service pumping, each designed to meet specific demand projections and customer needs. Wastewater pumping stations, on the other hand, are engineered to handle sewage, with
101:, are preserved as museum attractions. Examples such as land drainage in the Netherlands water supply in Hong Kong and agricultural drainage in Iraq, underscore the vital role these facilities play in supporting modern infrastructure, environmental management, and energy storage.
307:
Pumping stations in sewage collection systems are normally designed to handle raw sewage that is fed from underground gravity pipelines (pipes that are sloped so that a liquid can flow in one direction under gravity). Sewage is fed into and stored in a pit, commonly known as a
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Where no external water supply is available, back pumping systems may be employed. Water is extracted from the canal below the lowest lock of a flight and is pumped back to the top of the flight, ready for the next boat to pass through. Such installations are usually small.
395:(RTU) for such work, but the experience needed to solve certain particular problems, makes an easy choice to look for a specific pump controller. RTUs are very helpful in remote monitoring of each pumping station from a centralized control room with
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Canals are usually fed by diverting water from streams and rivers into the upper parts of the canal, but if no suitable source is available, a pumping station can be used to maintain the water level. An example of a canal pumping station is the
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312:. The well is equipped with electrical instrumentation to detect the level of sewage present. When the sewage level rises to a predetermined point, a pump will be started to lift the sewage upward through a pressurized pipe system called a
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well (for example during peak flow periods and wet weather) additional pumps will be used. If this is insufficient, or in the case of failure of the pumping station, a backup in the sewer system can occur, leading to a
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pumping station by installing submersibles in the wet well, demolishing the pump house and retiring the dry well by either stripping it, or knocking down the internal partition and merging it with the wet well.
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in London. The concrete platforms used to house large motor / pump assemblies that brought sewage up from a deep main drain into several outfall sewers, taking it away from the city centre.
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system. They are suitable for mechanical building services collection and pumping of liquids like surface water, wastewater or sewage from areas where drainage by gravity is not possible.
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entry method for a hazardous environment. To minimize the need for entry, the facility is normally designed to allow pumps and other equipment to be removed from outside the wet well.
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Water pumping stations are differentiated from wastewater pumping stations in that they do not have to be sized to account for high peak flow rates. They have five general categories:
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in the UK. The introduction of "package pumping stations" has modernized drainage systems, allowing a compact, efficient solution for areas where gravity drainage is impractical.
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A pumped-storage scheme is a type of power station for storing and producing electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations.
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399:(Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) systems. This setup can be helpful in monitoring pump faults, levels, and other alarms and parameters, making it more efficient.
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between the "pump on" and "pump off" settings is designed to minimize pump starts and stops, but is not so long a retention time as to allow the sewage in the wet well to go
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359:, can accumulate in the wet well; an ill-equipped person entering the well would be overcome by fumes very quickly. Any entry into the wet well requires the correct
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Pump manufacturers have always designed and manufactured electronic devices to control and supervise pumping stations. Today it is also very common to use a
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Pumping stations are designed to move water or sewage from one location to another, overcoming gravitational challenges, and are essential for maintaining
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153:, Louisiana: Metairie Pumping Station, also known as Pumping Station 6, building, constructed in 1899, near Metairie Road and the head of the
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There are countless thousands of pumping stations throughout the world. The following is a list of those described in this encyclopedia.
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Elsewhere, pumping stations are used to remove water that has found its way into low-lying areas as a result of leakage or flooding (in
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A package pumping station is an integrated system, built in a housing manufactured from strong, impact-resistant materials such as
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any solids within the sewage breaking them down into smaller parts which can more easily pass through the impeller.
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Hamilton Museum of Steam and
Technology, Hamilton, Ontario's first Water Works, powered by two 1859 steam engines
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as climate, income levels, population, and the proportions of residential, commercial, and industrial users.
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In more recent times, a "package pumping station" provides an efficient and economic way of installing a
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Some pumping stations have been recognized for their architectural and historical significance, e.g. the
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then it is necessary to pump the water upwards into water channels that finally drain into the sea.
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and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are critical in a variety of
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if the sewage is transported some significant distance. The pumping station may be called a
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The interior of a sewage pump station is a very dangerous place. Poisonous gases, such as
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to accomplish this task. In
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Facilities including pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another
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understood this concept, and in the United
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List of narrow gauge railways at water treatment and sewage works in Great
Britain
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Pumping
Station No. 2 San Francisco Fire Department Auxiliary Water Supply System
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971:, San Francisco, California, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
965:, built in 1869, still in use (with modern pumps) but also serves as a theater.
831:(originally steam, now electric; extracts water from the rail tunnel under the
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systems, pumping stations are also frequent. Because of the way the system of
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and preserved. The majority were originally steam-powered, and where the
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Used to pump drinking water from a reservoir into a water supply system.
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When low-lying areas of land are drained, the general method is to dig
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Distributed system booster without a storage tank in the piping system
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in southern
England, United Kingdom. This pumps water from the nearby
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1158:"Barcelona City History Museum water pumping station Casa de l'Aigua"
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with the largest cylinder (144 in (3.5m) diameter) in the world.
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1146:. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. 1970. p. 288.
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Stations for public water supply in
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to processing sites. A pumping station is an integral part of a
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Source (such as a well) pump discharging into an elevated tank
605:(converted to electricity, now an arts centre and restaurant)
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1194:
How To Choose The Right Pump To Suit Your
Pumping Station
1189:
Packaged pumping stations - definitions and applications
279:
High service pumping of finished water at high pressure
443:, there was a fashion for public buildings to feature
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989: – some gatehouses incorporate pumping stations
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422:
List of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations
367:priming the pump and also maximising the available
325:—the discharge of raw sewage into the environment.
583:(building converted to an electricity substation)
574:(pumped from a 200 ft (61 m) deep well)
637:(formerly steam beam engines, no longer present)
925:(world's largest steam-powered pumping station)
852:Engineer's Office of the Former Pumping Station
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1071:. Imray Laurie Norie and Wilson. p. 26.
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1199:How to look after your packaged pumpstation
1069:Inland Waterways of Great Britain (8th Ed.)
903:(Operational, but no longer steam-powered.)
522:New Smethwick Pumping Station (now part of
339:Sewage pumps are almost always end-suction
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1209:How Much Do Sewage Pumping Stations Cost
417:the water back up to the top reservoir.
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1024:Greater Winnipeg Water District Railway
1565:History of water supply and sanitation
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269:Raw water pumping from a river or lake
494:, on the Kennet and Avon Canal, near
204:mud that created the land initially.
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649:(now the Museum of Fenland Drainage)
516:, now removed from original site to
196:by this method. The land is full of
772:Dock Road Edwardian Pumping Station
524:Galton Valley Canal Heritage Centre
211:A land drainage pumping station in
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1017:, Eastbury Pumping Station, near
737:(steam engines no longer present)
1034:Metropolitan Water Board Railway
169:. However, if the area is below
1264:Decentralized wastewater system
1015:Colne Valley Waterworks railway
872:Nasiriyah Drainage Pump Station
601:Wapping Hydraulic Power Station
485:, ruin near southern portal of
409:Pumped-storage hydroelectricity
200:because of the accumulation of
68:pumped-storage hydroelectricity
58:systems, such as water supply,
959:Chicago Avenue Pumping Station
944:. Another is a museum itself:
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938:Barcelona City History Museum
742:Cheddars Lane Pumping Station
660:Westonzoyland Pumping Station
389:programmable logic controller
299:The now flooded C Station at
23:Pumping station Van Sasse in
714:Tees Cottage Pumping Station
690:Kempton Park Pumping Station
822:; engine no longer present)
787:, Walthamstow, North London
733:Abbey Mills Pumping Station
621:(preserved beam engine and
291:Wastewater pumping stations
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1473:Biogenic sulfide corrosion
1442:Stormwater detention vault
827:Shore Road Pumping Station
704:("Museum of Power"), Essex
696:Kew Bridge Pumping Station
656:, Stretham, Cambridgeshire
570:Papplewick Pumping Station
564:Mill Meece Pumping Station
536:Used to pump water from a
445:highly ornate architecture
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60:drainage of low-lying land
1437:Sewer gas destructor lamp
1067:Jane Cumberlidge (2009).
946:Museu Agbar de les AigĂĽes
797:Old Brook Pumping Station
780:(Gas engines. Built 1913)
766:Crossness Pumping Station
748:Claymills Pumping Station
579:Selly Oak Pumping Station
469:Claverton Pumping Station
124:Claverton Pumping Station
900:Cruquius pumping station
785:Low Hall Pumping Station
702:Langford Pumping Station
642:Prickwillow Engine House
552:Boughton Pumping Station
546:Bestwood Pumping Station
427:List of pumping stations
248:glass-reinforced plastic
192:, were turned into rich
99:Crofton Pumping Stations
62:, canals and removal of
48:public utility buildings
1498:Sanitary sewer overflow
1397:Combined sewer overflow
1269:Drain-waste-vent system
982:Edmonston Pumping Plant
942:(MUHBA Casa de l'aigua)
923:Wouda pumping station)
757:Coleham Pumping Station
680:, Chew Valley, Somerset
678:Blagdon Pumping Station
595:Hydraulic power station
588:Twyford Pumping Station
492:Crofton Pumping Station
323:sanitary sewer overflow
227:Package pumping station
118:water to be navigable.
1323:Construction materials
1128:: CS1 maint: others (
1097:Pumping Station Design
1053:In situations such as
1036:, Kempton Park, London
987:Gatehouse (waterworks)
818:(extracted water from
634:Spalding, Lincolnshire
632:pumping station, near
558:Bratch Pumping Station
439:In the UK, during the
403:Pumped-storage schemes
383:Electronic controllers
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258:Water pumping stations
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1539:Industrial wastewater
948:(Agbar water museum).
865:Agricultural drainage
829:, Birkenhead, Wirral
812:(now Brunel Museum),
791:Markfield Beam Engine
727:Abbey Pumping Station
708:Ryhope Engines Museum
473:Kennet and Avon Canal
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276:into an elevated tank
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128:Kennet and Avon Canal
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1172:"Agbar water museum"
698:, Kew Bridge, London
684:Edgbaston Waterworks
518:Birmingham Thinktank
393:Remote Terminal Unit
1591:Scottish inventions
1522:Liquids transported
1493:Infiltration/Inflow
1376:Vitrified clay pipe
1366:Reinforced concrete
1304:Simplified sewerage
1009:Waterworks railways
917:ir.D.F. Woudagemaal
846:Public water supply
810:Brunel Engine House
804:Underground railway
793:, Tottenham, London
735:, in North London.
667:Public water supply
654:Stretham Old Engine
646:Ely, Cambridgeshire
483:Cobb's Engine House
1529:Blackwater (waste)
1204:Prickwillow Museum
1057:and drinking water
907:– an 8-beam
874:, Dhi Qar Province
572:, Nottinghamshire
566:, in Staffordshire
531:Groundwater supply
501:Leawood Pump House
463:Canal water supply
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109:In countries with
105:Canal water supply
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25:Grave, Netherlands
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1432:Sewer dosing unit
1385:Related equipment
1356:Interceptor ditch
1107:978-0-08-094106-6
1078:978-1-84623-010-3
768:, in South London
752:Burton upon Trent
554:, Nottinghamshire
548:, Nottinghamshire
341:centrifugal pumps
157:. Now housing 15
155:17th Street Canal
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617:Pinchbeck Engine
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514:Smethwick Engine
487:Netherton Tunnel
357:hydrogen sulfide
314:sewer force main
240:precast concrete
223:, for example).
167:drainage ditches
159:Wood Screw Pumps
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1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Blocked Sewer
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Chopper pumps
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Concrete pipe
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Gravity sewer
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:drilled wells
1050:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Water pumping
996:
994:
991:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
975:
970:
967:
964:
960:
957:
956:
953:United States
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
915:
910:
906:
905:
904:
901:
898:
897:
894:Land drainage
893:
892:
888:
883:
882:
878:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
862:
858:
853:
850:
849:
845:
844:
840:
836:
834:
828:
825:
823:
821:
820:Thames Tunnel
815:
811:
808:
807:
803:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
781:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
762:
758:
755:
753:
749:
746:
743:
740:
738:
734:
731:
728:
725:
724:
720:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
675:
674:
673:
666:
661:
658:
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:
640:
638:
635:
631:
628:
626:
624:
618:
615:
614:
611:Land drainage
610:
606:
602:
599:
598:
594:
589:
586:
584:
581:, Birmingham
580:
577:
575:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
539:
530:
525:
521:
519:
515:
512:
510:
506:
502:
499:
497:
493:
490:
488:
484:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
466:
462:
460:
458:
454:
453:steam engines
450:
446:
442:
441:Victorian Era
434:
432:
426:
423:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
382:
380:
376:
372:
370:
364:
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
337:
335:
330:
326:
324:
319:
315:
311:
302:
297:
290:
288:
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:
265:
264:
263:
257:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
226:
224:
222:
214:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:steam engines
184:, powered by
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
160:
156:
152:
148:
142:Land drainage
141:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
119:
116:
112:
104:
102:
100:
96:
91:
87:
85:
81:
80:Victorian era
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
26:
21:
1417:Lift station
1407:Grinder pump
1361:Plastic pipe
1314:Vacuum sewer
1166:
1152:
1143:
1138:
1096:
1068:
1062:
1049:
945:
941:
924:
902:
833:River Mersey
830:
817:
779:
736:
716:, Darlington
710:, Sunderland
686:, Birmingham
671:
670:
648:
636:
620:
604:
582:
573:
535:
534:
496:Great Bedwyn
456:
438:
430:
415:
412:
386:
377:
373:
365:
350:
338:
327:
318:lift station
317:
313:
309:
306:
285:
261:
252:
244:polyethylene
237:
230:
218:
175:
164:
136:
120:
108:
92:
88:
72:
43:
39:
38:
1488:First flush
1402:Grease trap
1309:Storm drain
889:Netherlands
854:, Hong Kong
814:Rotherhithe
778:, Cheshire
744:, Cambridge
729:, Leicester
623:scoop wheel
590:, Hampshire
301:Abbey Mills
221:New Orleans
202:sedimentary
182:water pumps
151:New Orleans
115:canal locks
78:during the
50:containing
1580:Categories
1558:Background
1549:Stormwater
1412:Maceration
1371:Steel pipe
1279:Force main
1041:References
761:Shrewsbury
662:, Somerset
509:Derbyshire
455:are still
420:See also:
343:with open
178:Victorians
132:River Avon
44:pumphouses
1534:Greywater
1513:Sewer rat
1508:Sewer gas
1503:Sewer fly
1452:Sump pump
1336:Brickwork
1124:cite book
1116:144609617
841:Hong Kong
776:Northwich
630:Pode Hole
603:, London
503:, on the
471:, on the
391:(PLC) or
345:impellers
215:, France.
198:nutrients
171:sea level
95:Claverton
75:navigable
1466:Problems
1245:Sewerage
1003:Windpump
976:See also
692:, London
310:wet well
272:In-line
233:drainage
190:The Fens
84:The Fens
1483:Fatberg
1351:Culvert
1289:Outfall
1019:Watford
963:Chicago
750:, near
644:, near
475:, near
457:in situ
353:methane
126:on the
1544:Sewage
1114:
1104:
1075:
879:Canada
721:Sewage
449:listed
334:septic
64:sewage
46:, are
1252:Types
931:Spain
774:, in
397:SCADA
246:, or
111:canal
52:pumps
1457:Trap
1332:pipe
1130:link
1112:OCLC
1102:ISBN
1073:ISBN
859:Iraq
538:well
477:Bath
369:NPSH
355:and
213:Sète
176:The
97:and
961:in
921:ir.
919:, (
507:in
1582::
1126:}}
1122:{{
1110:.
1087:^
336:.
242:,
1237:e
1230:t
1223:v
1174:.
1160:.
1132:)
1118:.
1081:.
835:)
625:)
526:)
27:.
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