Paddle steamer - Knowledge

254: 534: 302: 372: 611: 2679: 2070: 280:, connect the wheels with solid drive shafts that limit maneuverability and give the craft a wide turning radius. Some were built with paddle clutches that disengage one or both paddles so they can turn independently. However, wisdom gained from early experience with side-wheelers deemed that they be operated with clutches out, or as solid-shaft vessels. Crews noticed that as ships approached the dock, passengers moved to the side of the ship ready to disembark. The shift in weight, added to independent movements of the paddles, could lead to imbalance and potential 2147: 1271: 1549: 324: 2371: 367:

oxen, yoked in pairs to capstans, turn wheels attached to the sides of the ship; paddles, projecting above the circumference or curved surface of the wheels, beating the water with their strokes like oar-blades as the wheels revolve, work with an amazing and ingenious effect, their action producing rapid motion. This warship, moreover, because of its own bulk and because of the machinery working inside it, joins battle with such pounding force that it easily wrecks and destroys all enemy warships coming at close quarters.

1139: 1537: 3103: 1646: 1626: 1062: 1828: 2095: 1367: 85: 489: 818: 183: 40: 154: 28: 20: 1435: 2505: 2862: 3050: 2664: 712: 399: 2610: 2136: 912: 2057: 760:(502–557) admiral Xu Shipu employed paddle-wheel boats called "water-wheel boats". At the siege of Liyang in 573, the admiral Huang Faqiu employed foot-treadle powered paddle-wheel boats. A successful paddle-wheel warship design was made in China by Prince Li Gao in 784 AD, during an imperial examination of the provinces by the 2352:

requested to dive the wreck), an almost intact time capsule due to the fresh and low temperature water. Some divers even (mimic to) play underwater French billiard on the intact billiard table in the main lounge. Any hope of raising the ship is vain though: the hull was badly distorted when hitting the rocky lake bottom.

567:. It successfully hauled two 70-ton barges almost 20 mi (32 km) in 6 hours against a strong headwind on test in 1802. Enthusiasm was high, but some directors of the company were concerned about the banks of the canal being damaged by the wash from a powered vessel, and no more were ordered. 1239:

was never intended for oceangoing service, but nevertheless was steamed from Newcastle to San Francisco. As the voyage was intended to be completed under power, the tug was rigged as steam propelled with a sail auxiliary. The transatlantic stage of the voyage was completed exactly 150 years after the

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In order to thank the Qing government for its support of Japan in the Russo-Japanese War, Japan specially built a yacht called "Yonghe Steamer" for Cixi, which, from the outside, should be a steam-propelled structure, with waterwheel-like waterwheels on both sides to push the ship forward. It can be

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an almost intact paddle steamer called la France, resting on an even keel, can be visited by advanced divers (resting at 42 metres, 138 ft deep). She was built, like most of its Swiss counterparts by Escher Wyss in 1909 (as a CKD dismantled kit to be transported by railway and assembled at the

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operated on the Whanganui River until the 1940s in her original form as a tunnel screw riverboat. Lost from her mooring in a flood she was refloated in the late 1960s and rebuilt as a sternwheeled jetboat. Around 1982 she went overland to Lake Okataina and was converted to the sidepaddle vessel as

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measures in around 210 ft (64 m) in length and 45 ft (14 m) in width (the maximum which can fit the standard size of locks 1 to 10), and has a remarkably shallow draft of 3 ft (0.9 m). It has accommodation for 120 passengers and up to 30 crew, and operates three, four

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Animal power, directed by the resources on ingenuity, drives with ease and swiftness, wherever utility summons it, a warship suitable for naval combats, which, because of its enormous size, human frailty as it were prevented from being operated by the hands of men. In its hull, or hollow interior,

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made her last commercial voyage in 1965 and then fell into neglect and disrepair. Her owner had moored her some distance from the shore to save quay fees and she sprung an ice related leak and sunk in March 1971. It is a popular site among advanced divers (Level 2-assisted or 3-autonomous CMAS is

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is now privately owned, but was built as a church mission boat for the SA Murray: sponsored by the Anglican Archbishop of Adelaide, and funded by old boys of Eton (UK). It had a small chapel. Larger gathering were held on riverbanks and in woolsheds. After retirement, it became a fishing boat,

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The three types of paddle wheel steamer are stern-wheeler, with a single wheel on the rear, a side-wheeler with one on each side, and an inboard with the paddlewheel mounted in a recess amidship. All were used as riverboats in the United States. Some still operate for tourists, for example on the

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paddle tugs as recently as 1957 and 1958. Each paddle wheel was driven by an individual electric motor, giving outstanding maneuverability. Paddle tugs were able to more easily make use of the inherent advantage of side wheel paddle propulsion, having the option to disconnect the clutches that

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Recessed or inboard paddlewheel boats were designed to ply narrow and snag-infested backwaters. By recessing the wheel within the hull it was protected somewhat from damage. It was enclosed and could be spun at a high speed to provide acute maneuverability. Most were built with inclined steam

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In a simple paddle wheel, where the paddles are fixed around the periphery, power is lost due to churning of the water as the paddles enter and leave the water surface. Ideally, the paddles should remain vertical while under water. This ideal can be approximated by use of levers and linkages

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is on Lake Wendouree (Ballarat, Vic.). The original was on that lake, then went to Caribbean Gardens (a Melbourne recreational park), then back to Ballarat for restoration. That was nearly complete when the shed and the vessel were destroyed by arson. The group then built a replica.

145:, forward or backward as required. More advanced paddle-wheel designs feature "feathering" methods that keep each paddle blade closer to vertical while in the water to increase efficiency. The upper part of a paddle wheel is normally enclosed in a paddlebox to minimise splashing. 140:

The paddle wheel is a large steel framework wheel. The outer edge of the wheel is fitted with numerous, regularly spaced paddle blades (called floats or buckets). The bottom quarter or so of the wheel travels under water. An engine rotates the paddle wheel in the water to produce

452:. The project, however, was discontinued. 19th century writer Tomás González claimed to have found proof that at least some of these vessels were steam-powered, but this theory was discredited by the Spanish authorities. It has been proposed that González mistook a steam-powered 1388:. The large spaces on their decks intended for promenading passengers proved to be ideal for handling the minesweeping booms and cables, and the paddles allowed them to operate in coastal shallows and estuaries. These were so successful that a new class of paddle ships, the 310:

connected to a fixed eccentric. The eccentric is fixed slightly forward of the main wheel centre. It is coupled to each paddle by a rod and lever. The geometry is designed such that the paddles are kept almost vertical for the short duration that they are in the water.

1049:(1950)—were operated by the BIWTC once a week. This was a reduction from daily trips, and commercial services were eventually stopped altogether due to safety concerns, operational losses, and a lack of passengers, especially following the inauguration of the 265:

make them wider than stern-wheelers, they may be more maneuverable, since they can sometimes move the paddles at different speeds, and even in opposite directions. This extra maneuverability makes side-wheelers popular on the narrower, winding rivers of the

2748:, was reconverted in 2000 from diesel to an all-new steam engine. It is the world's first electronically remote-controlled steam engine and has operating costs similar to state-of-the-art diesels, while producing up to 90 percent less air pollution. 2061: 2058: 669:

were built to allow passengers to disembark regardless of the state of the tide. Later, these paddle steamers were fitted with luxurious saloons in an effort to compete with the facilities available on the railways. Notable examples are the

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systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water. Paddle wheels continue to be used by small, pedal-powered paddle boats and by some ships that operate tourist voyages. The latter are often powered by diesel engines.

1421:, was deliberately beached twice to allow soldiers to cross to other vessels using her as a jetty. The paddle steamers between them were estimated to have rescued 26,000 Allied troops during the operation, for the loss of six of them. 2060: 1087:. This was purely for the purpose of moving a river-boat to a new market, but paddle-steamers began regular short coastal trips soon after. In 1816 Pierre Andriel, a French businessman, bought in London the 15 2413:, built in 1908 and converted to a diesel system in 1975. It has been completely rebuilt in 2006. As paddle wheelers have proven to be such a great tourist attraction, a new one was even built in 2002 on Ammersee, 653:

After the American Civil War, as the expanding railroads took many passengers, the traffic became primarily bulk cargoes. The largest, and one of the last, paddle steamers on the Mississippi was the sternwheeler

1761:, and operates a large range of cruises in Echuca – from one-hour sightseeing trips to three-night and four-day fully accommodated voyages. She is powered by an authentic steam engine, dating back to 1906. 784:

The standard Chinese term "wheel ship" was used by the Song period, whereas a litany of colorful terms were used to describe it beforehand. In the 12th century, the Song government used paddle-wheel ships

284:. Paddle tugs were frequently operated with clutches in, as the lack of passengers aboard meant that independent paddle movement could be used safely and the added maneuverability exploited to the full. 2425:(53 m, 174 ft) is still in regular service. It was built in 1926, but is now also powered by diesel engines (since 1973). The original diesel engine was the last ship engine being built by 2398:. Previously the world's largest sidewheeler with a two-cylinder steam engine of 700 hp (520 kW), a length of 83 m (272 ft) and a height above water of 9.2 m (30 ft), 2601:

she is today. Currently operating on the Wairoa River at Tauranga, this 17 m (56 ft), diesel powered vessel with hydraulic drive for the paddlewheels offers scenic cruises and charters.

4070: 1399:, some thirty pleasure paddle steamers were again requisitioned; an added advantage was that their wooden hulls did not activate the new magnetic mines. The paddle ships formed six minesweeping 780:"...between 1132 and 1183 (AD) a great number of treadmill-operated paddle-wheel craft, large and small, were built, including sternwheelers and ships with as many as 11 paddle-wheels a side,". 2473:(1903) operate on Lake Garda; their steam engines, unlike in the ships that sail on lakes Como and Maggiore, were replaced with diesel engines in the 1970s, thus making them paddle motorships. 2733: 2667: 2593:. Later renamed, she remained in service until 1949. She sank at her moorings in 1952, and remained in the mud until raised by volunteers and restored to begin operations again in 2000. 1403:, based at ports around the British coast. Other paddle steamers were converted to anti-aircraft ships. More than twenty paddle steamers were used as emergency troop transports during the 650:

the United States from the 1820s–1850s, as they were economical and did not incur licensing costs imposed by the steam navigation monopoly. In the 1850s, they were replaced by steamboats.

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local annecy Puya Shipyard) and ran a regular line around Lac d'Annecy. During World War II the ship was laid up in Annecy and used as a prison by the German occupying forces and the

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was built as a sailing ship with a steam auxiliary; she also carried a full rig of sail for when winds were favorable, being unable to complete the voyage under power alone. In 1822,

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was built as a bicentennial project by Albury City Council. It suffered from uncertain water levels, and has been transferred to Lake Mulwala (Yarrawonga Weir, on Murray River).

1223:, but it also had screw propulsion and sail rigging. It was 692 ft (211 m) long and weighed 32,000 tons, its paddlewheels being 56 ft (17 m) in diameter. 105:

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the

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WALLER Roger: MODERN STEAM – AN ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERNATIVE TO DIESEL TRACTION, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, The Sir Seymour Biscoe Tritton Lecture, Pages 9–10

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Australia has a large collection of authentic and replica paddle steamers and paddle boats operating along the Murray and Darling Rivers, and in other areas around the country.

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held that this ship was steam-powered rather than hand-powered and that it was therefore the first steam-powered vehicle of any kind. The myth was refuted as early as 1880 by

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Experience of economics: The paddle designs using diesels are tourist vessels servicing sightseeing attractions or replica riverboats and are mainly restaurants and casinos.

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on Hunter River (Newcastle, NSW). This was built as a bicentennial project (1988), languished on the hard for many years while fundraising took place, but is active again.

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The last crossing of the Atlantic by paddle steamer began on September 18, 1969, the first leg of a journey to conclude six months and nine days later. The steam paddle tug

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ran local morning/afternoon-cruises on Murray River for many years, then was sold for private use. It is now a static b&b, moored somewhere near Cobram or Tocumwal.

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to build ships equipped with manually-powered side paddle wheels. From 1539 to 1543, Garay built and launched five ships, the most famous being the modified Portuguese

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in 1463, who devised a boat with five sets, where the parallel cranks are all joined to a single power source by one connecting rod, an idea adopted by his compatriot

3033:, were built until 1951. Between 1952 and 1959, ships of this type were built for the Soviet Union by Óbudai Hajógyár Budapest factory in Hungary. In total, 75 type 2335:

No paddle ship is currently in operation in France as of 2015 (though some Paris sightseeing tourist crafts sport a dummy sternwheel powered by a hydraulic motor).

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In oceangoing service, paddle steamers became much less useful after the invention of the screw propeller, but they remained in use in coastal service and as river

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In Europe from the 1820s, paddle steamers were used to take tourists from the rapidly expanding industrial cities on river cruises, or to the newly established

533: 4643: 2288:, a paddle steamer originally built in 1910 and restored for operation since 1976. It is the last sidewheel-propelled vessel on the Great Lakes. Sister ships 1316:, demonstrated her superiority over paddle steamers during numerous trials, including one in 1845 where she pulled a paddle-driven sister ship backwards in a 1976:

operates cruises on Thomson River (Longreach, Qld). It was originally PS Ginger Belle on Maroochy River, and retains its steam equipment as a display item.

1414:, which saved an estimated 7,000 men over the nine days of the evacuation, and claimed to have shot down three German aircraft. Another paddle minesweeper, 253: 2938:

built in 1947, is the last seagoing paddle steamer in the world. This ship sails a full season of cruises from ports around Britain, and sailed across the

698:. Paddle steamer services continued into the mid-20th century, when ownership of motor cars finally made them obsolete except for a few heritage examples. 4507: 3149: 98: 904:, dominated the southern rivers. In 1958, Pakistan River Steamers inherited the fleet, some of which were built at the private Garden Rich Dockyard in 4759: 2643:, the oldest operational paddle steamer. Built in 1854, she is used for luxury cruises and as a protocol ship. The other paddle steamer in Romania is 301: 1670:

has the largest fleet of paddle steamers in Australia, with seven operating commercially, and a large number of smaller privately owned vessels.

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had developed a "steamboat" suitable for local conditions. Landings in New Orleans went from 21 in 1814 to 191 in 1819, and over 1,200 in 1833.

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sidewheelers were built. They are 70 m (230 ft) long and can carry up to 360 passengers. Few of them still remain in active service.

1103:-Paris crossing, encountering heavy weather on the way. He later operated his ship as a river packet on the Seine, between Paris and Le Havre. 3565: 371: 4276: 3949: 3716: 3651: 4669: 3075: 2387: 123: 1811:

was built in 1974 and retired from active service in 1993. She was moved from Waikerie in 2017 and is now permanently moored in Renmark.

1135:, the world's first iron ship, made the first direct steam crossing from London to Paris and the first seagoing voyage by an iron ship. 4440: 4478: 4303: 3972: 3689: 3473: 3164: 848:

Paddle steamers in Bangladesh were first operated by the River Steam Navigation Company Limited in 1878. Many steamers, including the

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shows a boat with a pair of paddlewheels at each end turned by men operating compound cranks. The concept was improved by the Italian

4730: 4653: 3635: 3604: 3549: 3336: 3265: 1518: 728: 3437: 2678: 2390:(known as "White Fleet"), Germany, is the oldest and biggest in the world, with around 700,000 passengers per year. The 1913-built 3094:

connected the paddle drive shafts as one. This enabled them to turn one paddle ahead and one astern to turn and maneuver quickly.

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cylinders mounted on both sides of the paddleshaft and timed 90 degrees apart like a locomotive, making them instantly reversing.

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then moved to Echuca to be a private houseboat. It also appeared in 'All the rivers' run, reprising its role as a mission boat.

2480:(1904) operates on Lake Como as a screw motorship, still retaining its (empty) paddle wheels; the decommissioned paddle steamer 1882:

in 1984, restored to full working order, and is now berthed as an exhibit outside the museum at a wharf on the Acton Peninsula,

3918: 3114: 2982:(a coal-fired river paddle steamer) operates short cruises from Dartmouth and trips between Dartmouth and Totnes at high tide. 2121: 2069: 1452: 610: 3772: 4597: 4577: 4187: 1499: 1456: 3120: 2170:, was the biggest passenger-carrying paddle steamer ever built, with a capacity for 6,000 passengers; it was converted to a 1794:

was owned and operated for many years by Captain Cook Cruises in Sydney, but was sold to the SeaLink Travel Group, now the

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on May 22, 1819, sighting Ireland after 23 days at sea. This was the first powered crossing of the Atlantic, although

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ferry, which was transported overland to the museum after being retired from service in 1953, and is now open for tours.

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for 15 minutes before the engine failed. Bureaucracy and the French Revolution thwarted further progress by de Jouffroy.

4699: 4335: 3510: 3218: 3090: 2741: 2682: 1899: 1879: 1389: 546: 478: 354:. The first mention of paddle wheels as a means of propulsion comes from the fourth– or fifth-century military treatise 2146: 935:, there were around 13 paddle steamers in 1972, nicknamed “the Rockets” for their speed, operated by the newly founded 4789: 3329:

The Technological Illustrations of the So-Called "Anonymous of the Hussite Wars". Codex Latinus Monacensis 197, Part 1

2960:(one of the smallest passenger-carrying vessels of her type, with a passenger capacity of only 12) takes trips on the 1824:, Australia, and launched in November 2008. As at 2020, it was on the hard at Paynesville, with an uncertain future. 1478: 769: 4402: 2192:

from 1913 until it was sunk in an accident in 1926. One of the last paddle steamers built in the U.S. was the dredge

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In the 1980s, the steam engines were replaced with diesel ones, and the wooden paddles were replaced with iron ones.

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followed the development of poles, oars and sails, whereby the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans.

4493: 217:-wheelers were invented in Europe, they saw the most service in North America, especially on the Mississippi River. 2211: 2199: 2124:, which are non-steam-powered sternwheelers built in the 1980s and later, are operated for tourism purposes on the 2024:

was withdrawn from commercial operation in 2022. As of 2024, the agency has undertaken renovation works for the PS

1727:, and named after the former owner of the Arbuthnot Sawmills, works today as a tourist boat at the Port of Echuca. 1548: 1270: 391:

1280–1349), planning for a new crusade, made illustrations for a paddle boat that was propelled by manually turned

2969: 2639: 2193: 1015: 224: 1485: 1333: 323: 267: 4784: 4441:"Comoară istorică. De ce nava care a servit drept iaht al Casei Regale nu este folosită pentru curse pe Dunăre" 1966: 932: 4421: 1679:

is the oldest wooden-hulled paddle steamer in the world. Built in 1866, she operates from the Port of Echuca.

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In 1705, Papin constructed a ship powered by hand-cranked paddles. An apocryphal story originating in 1851 by

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is based at Mannum. It is run by volunteers, and runs short local cruises, and extended overnight ones. PV

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Model made by de Jouffroy in 1784 to show the French Science Academy the engine and paddle wheels used on

4235: 3143: – experimental and unsuccessful watercraft design using large wheels for propulsion by Ernest Bazin 469: 4620: 3988: 3300: 3193: 2701: 2356: 2160: 1321: 1138: 600: 584: 2709: 1536: 1308:– which was more efficient and less vulnerable to cannon fire. One of the first screw-driven warships, 1189:, however, was actually built for the transatlantic trade, and so had sufficient coal for the passage; 4255: 1407:

in 1940, where they were able to get close inshore to embark directly from the beach. One example was

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In 1812, the first U.S. Mississippi River paddle steamer began operating out of New Orleans. By 1814,

410:(1449): The paddles wind a rope fixed to an anchor upstream, thus moving the boat against the current. 3944:

Men of Iron : Brunel, Stephenson and the Inventions That Shaped the Modern World by Sally Dugan

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has been operation with the same company since she was built in 1861. Sailing passengers to and from

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and his colleagues. The 13 m (42 ft 8 in) steamer with rotating paddles sailed on the

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The use of a paddle wheel in navigation appears for the first time in the mechanical treatise of the

4804: 4208: 3573: 3102: 2985: 2976: 2961: 2205: 2151: 1903: 1883: 1341: 1126: 802: 630: 464: 460: 227:, in 1814 as an improvement over the less efficient side-wheelers. The second stern-wheeler built, 3655: 1645: 592:. Many other paddle-equipped river boats followed all around the world; the first in Europe being 3294: 3222: 2991:

was the last paddle steamer built in the United Kingdom and was completed in 1953 for service on

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Side-wheelers are used as riverboats and as coastal craft. Though the side wheels and enclosing

1827: 4726: 4649: 4474: 4299: 4272: 4183: 3968: 3962: 3945: 3712: 3685: 3631: 3600: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3469: 3332: 3261: 3082: 2943: 2917: 2765: 2083: 1207: 976: 542: 392: 384: 362:(chapter XVII), where the anonymous Roman author describes an ox-driven paddle-wheel warship: 357: 330: 218: 167: 110: 4613: 4293: 4164: 3868: 2110:

A few paddle steamers serve niche tourism needs as cruise boats on lakes and others, such as

1384:, the Royal Navy requisitioned more than fifty pleasure paddle steamers for use as auxiliary 1200:

s more successful crossing began the regular sailing of powered vessels across the Atlantic.

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Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 7, Military Technology; The Gunpowder Epic

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in 1911 and based in Echuca, is still working as a tourist attraction on the Murray River.

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from the late 1850s, the last remaining paddle frigates were decommissioned and sold into

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route, became the first vessel to cross the Atlantic under sustained steam power, beating

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chartered the ship in 1998 as part of her 60th birthday celebrations. The paddle steamer

2362:, a veteran of the Dunkirk Evacuations, is preserved as a restaurant in Dunkirk harbour. 3441: 2700:

Switzerland has a large paddle steamer fleet, most of the "Salon Steamer-type" built by

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is the oldest steamship in regular operation. Built in 1856, she still operates on lake

1781:, the largest of the paddle wheelers operating in Australia , is a recent build (1987). 39: 3704: 3214: 2729: 2582: 2248: 2125: 1847: 1599: 1355: 1265: 1084: 773: 662: 482: 153: 4705: 817: 182: 19: 4778: 3923: 3419: 3059: 2935: 2648: 2548: 2446: 2324: 2171: 2029: 1867: 1856: 1795: 1748:, as their flagship fishing vessel, but has been in the tourism industry since 1944. 1591: 1583: 1556: 1345: 1297: 1106:

The first paddle-steamer to make a long ocean voyage crossing the Atlantic Ocean was

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to defeat opposing armies of pirates armed with their own paddle-wheel ships. At the

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became garbage scows and the former's hull is now a break wall in Toronto Harbour.

2262:, which is the largest existing wooden ship in the world. She is still afloat as a 2189: 2178: 1962: 1863: 1661: 1638: 1415: 1370: 1080: 1050: 1030:

were decommissioned in the late '90s after catching fire while docked for repairs.

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The next successful attempt at a paddle-driven steam ship was by Scottish engineer

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Cockburn and the British Navy in Transition: Admiral Sir George Cockburn 1772-1853

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Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics

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and restoration is ongoing subject to funding. Also under restoration is the 1924

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Paddle wheelers are still in operation on some lakes in Southern Bavaria, such as

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in New York, which went into commercial service in 1807 between New York City and

512:, which was also the first paddle steamer, was built in France in 1774 by Marquis 508: 474:, though still it finds credulous expression in some contemporary scholarly work. 122: 4150: 3679: 2476:

In addition to these five operational paddle steamers, the former paddle steamer

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Paddle steamers back on River Murray for largest gathering in more than 50 years

3140: 2996: 2992: 2928: 2897: 2874: 2793: 2779: 2737: 2721: 2694: 2568: 2544: 2429:(no. 576). This engine has ended up in Switzerland to drive the newly renovated 2395: 2339: 2282: 2263: 2111: 1730: 1682: 1673: 1434: 1385: 1325: 1301: 1285: 1248: 1211: 1168: 1130: 1107: 1065: 741: 695: 604: 453: 274: 27: 3811:"The last vestige of paddle steamers: A new tourist attraction on the horizon?" 2504: 768:(960–1279) issued the construction of many paddle-wheel ships for its standing 2954: 2861: 2761: 2705: 2620: 2450: 2313: 1934: 1751: 1579: 1317: 1293: 1088: 521: 493: 236: 4746: 4614:"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Portland, Steam Tug" 4551: 4352: 4332: 4319: 4036: 3489: 3204:

Vessels operating on the Mississippi River system are referred to as "boats".

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De Rebus Bellicis (anon.), chapter XVII, text edited by Robert Ireland, in:

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Science and Civilization in China, Vol. IV: Physics and Physical Technology

3049: 2713: 2652: 2547:. It was fully restored in 1976 and is still in use today as a party ship. 2188:, also built in 1912 with a capacity for 6,000 passengers, operated on the 350:, X 9.5–7), where he describes multigeared paddle wheels working as a ship 4406: 2663: 2210:

is the oldest operating Mississippi River-style steamboat and was named a

711: 398: 4525: 4136: 2626: 2574: 2527: 2418: 2410: 2087: 1887: 1799: 1709: 1571: 1400: 1227: 1100: 797:(1115–1234) navy. The Chinese used the paddle-wheel ship even during the 753: 687: 593: 537:

The first paddle steamer to navigate the River Exe up to Exeter in the UK

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A 15th-century paddlewheel boat powered by crankshafts (Anonymous of the

351: 161:, pictured in Alabama in 1906, shows a typical early sternwheeler design. 94: 4508:"Paddlesteamer Kingswear Castle returns home to the Dart after 50 years" 3244: 2609: 2344: 2278: 2274: 2238: 2135: 1894: 1836: 1769: 1595: 1567: 1459: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 992: 905: 793:

in 1161, paddle-wheelers were also used with great success against the

745: 744:(429–500) had a paddle-wheel ship built on the Xinting River (south of 679: 647: 438: 403: 262: 51: 47: 4717:

Dumpleton, Bernard, "The Story of the Paddle Steamer", Melksham, 2002.

4370: 3919:"Rocket-steamer service: 150-year-old tradition abandoned due to loss" 2402:

was converted to diesel-hydraulic power during the winter of 2008/09.

911: 231:

of 1816, had two decks and served as the prototype for all subsequent

3125: 2117: 1815: 1787: 1667: 1634: 1611: 1251:

is the last seagoing passenger-carrying paddle steamer in the world.

1172: 772:, and according to the British biochemist, historian, and sinologist 520:

in June and July 1776. In 1783, a new paddle steamer by de Jouffroy,

445: 142: 4137:"Murray River Paddlesteamers : Cruising along the Murray River" 3150:

Science and technology of the Song dynasty § Paddle-wheel ships

1392:, were ordered and 32 of them were built before the end of the war. 732:, compiled in the 7th century but describing the naval ships of the 305:

Morgan's feathering paddle wheel (Steam and the Steam Engine, Evers)

4256:

http://www.belleoflouisville.org/about-the-belle-of-louisville.html

549:. Experimental boats built in 1788 and 1789 worked successfully on 3101: 3048: 2942:

to commemorate the sinking of her predecessor of 1899 at the 1940

2870: 2860: 2677: 2662: 2608: 2503: 2369: 2145: 2134: 2093: 2068: 2055: 1826: 1689: 1644: 1624: 1547: 1535: 1365: 1304:. By 1850 these had become obsolete due to the development of the 1269: 1137: 1060: 1011: 996: 910: 736:(420–479) used by admiral Wang Zhen'e in his campaign against the 710: 609: 554: 532: 487: 397: 370: 322: 300: 252: 214: 152: 127: 121: 83: 38: 26: 18: 4769: 2543:

is a paddle steamer built in 1911 for ferry service on the river

1193:

had to burn furniture and other items after running out of coal.

4706:

University of Wisconsin–La Crosse Historic Steamboat Photographs

3465:

The Coming of the Comet: The Rise and Fall of the Paddle Steamer

3019: 2383: 2327:

ever since, using her original steam engine she was built with.

1607: 1562:

In Austria only a small paddle steamer fleet operates. There is

666: 448:

in speed and maneuverability on June 17, 1543, in the harbor of

4254:"About the Belle of Louisville," Belle of Louisville Web site ( 327:

Ox-powered Roman paddle wheel boat from a 15th-century copy of

3843: 2995:. She went out of service in 1981 but is now open as a static 2048:(1928) is being retained by the government for tour purposes. 1428: 812: 726:

The first mention of a paddle-wheel ship from China is in the

177: 3572:. US Army Corps of Engineers Team New Orleans. Archived from 2457:(1904) operates on Lake Maggiore, and sister paddle steamers 2637:

As of 2024, two paddle steamers are operational in Romania.

2488:, on Lake Maggiore; while the decommissioned paddle steamer 1850:

as a floating restaurant or venue for hire, along with SWPV

1230:, thanks to their shallow draught and good maneuverability. 740:

in 418 AD. The ancient Chinese mathematician and astronomer

640:

from Rotterdam, and used between Antwerp and Ghent in 1827.

498:: The model is now in the National Maritime Museum in Paris. 3006:, a veteran of the Dunkirk evacuation, which is berthed at 658:. Built in 1901, she pushed coal and petroleum until 1948. 257:

Old sidewheeler "Pittsburgh" in Gore Bay, Manitoulin Island

4388: 3438:"Musée national de la Marine: Pyroscaphe. Bateau à vapeur" 485:

by men working a capstan that drove paddles on each side.

3134: – voyage along inland waterways between river ports 2559:

featuring Elvis Presley was shot on board of this ship.

1862:, which was built in Echuca in 1876–78, was used on the 1320:. However, paddle warships were used extensively by the 481:

invented a double-hulled boat that was propelled on the

134:

from a sidewheeler paddle steamer on the lake of Lucerne

3296:

Steam and the Steam Engine: Land, Marine and Locomotive

1075:

The first seagoing trip of a paddle steamer was by the

829: 194: 3654:. Wheeling National Heritage Area Corp. Archived from 3599:. Mystic Seaport Museum, Inc. pp. 27, 53, 70–71. 4752:

links to photos of a modern design on paddle wheelers

3623:

The Mississippi Steamboat Era in Historic Photographs

3331:. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. p. 80. 3070:

is a preserved steam-powered sternwheel tug based in

2453:, primarily for tourist purposes. The paddle steamer 77:

to propel the craft through the water. In antiquity,

3145:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

3136:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

2465:(1926) operate on Lake Como. Former paddle steamers 2518:is a paddle wheeler built in 1982, for cruising on 2441:In Italy, a small paddle steamer fleet operates on 1740:, is currently operating public cruises in Echuca. 1217:The largest paddle-steamer ever built was Brunel's 828: with: detailed early history. You can help by 603:which started a scheduled passenger service on the 414:One of the drawings of the Anonymous Author of the 3379:Blasco de Garay, el ingenio de la Corona de España 2744:power in the 1960s and five retaining steam. One, 2417:, but it has never been powered by steam. On lake 1206:was the first coastal steamship to operate in the 4422:""Tudor Vladimirescu" – veteranul apelor Dunării" 4180:Paddlesteamers and Riverboats of the River Murray 4151:"Murray River Paddlesteamers : P.S. Emmylou" 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3511:"When Horses Walked on Water to Transport Humans" 3376:Jiménez Maroto, Alfonso José (October 14, 2020). 3967:. Liverpool University Press. pp. 251–252. 2555:was built in 1926. In 1958, a part of the movie 1768:, built 1912, operates sightseeing cruises from 4271:. Marine Publishing Co. Inc. 2017. p. 41. 2837:(1928, last steam ship built for Switzerland), 2256:San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park 2020:The fleet of four paddle steamers owned by the 1786:and seven-night cruises along the Murray, from 646:, paddle boats driven by horses, were used for 364: 16:Steam-powered vessel propelled by paddle wheels 4471:A History of British Paddle Steamers Hardcover 4076:, 2 September 2012. Accessed 5 September 2014. 3362:. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. p. 114. 2116:, still operate on the Mississippi River. In 2065:American Queen Steamboat Paddlewheel in action 1214:to the Western World in the mid-19th century. 23:A typical river paddle steamer from the 1850s. 4112:"Our Paddlesteamers – PS Alexander Arbuthnot" 3839:"A romantic window into a half-drowned world" 3128: – Small pedal-powered recreational boat 2022:Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation 1802:. It was once in a fleet of three vessels. 1376:, a British paddle minesweeper built in 1916. 937:Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation 8: 4182:(2 ed.). Axiom Publishing. p. 17. 3468:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. p. 3. 3405:. New York: Harper Collins. p. 498,647. 2716:. There are five active and one inactive on 1696:also starred as the fictional paddlesteamer 1167:, a fairly small steam packet built for the 1113:, built in 1819 expressly for this service. 578:, the first commercial success was possibly 574:was the first commercial paddle steamer and 402:Paddle boat, by the Italian artist-engineer 270:in Australia, where a number still operate. 4532:. Loch Lomond Steamship Company. March 2020 2912:Note: The oldest active Swiss steamship is 2842:(1901, oldest Swiss paddle wheel steamer), 2484:(1908) is used as a floating restaurant in 2028:(1929), which has been leased to a private 975:. The steamers served destinations such as 355: 328: 4770:Paddle Steamer Preservation Society (PSPS) 4595:Russian passenger river fleet (in Russian) 4298:. London: Shire Publications. p. 54. 3917:Shwapan, Anisur Rahman (14 January 2023). 2740:. Their fleet includes three converted to 2651:, and owned by the School Inspectorate of 2036:has been requested for leasing out the PS 1757:, a replica steamer, was built in 1982 at 1010:systems in 2020. Modern equipment such as 686:that connected Glasgow with the resort of 3678:Gladwell, Andrew (2015). "Introduction". 3350: 3348: 1519:Learn how and when to remove this message 1006:was introduced in the 1990s, followed by 801:(1839–1842) and for transport around the 3757:. Taipei: Caves Books. pp. 165–166. 3371: 3369: 2736:operates a number of paddle steamers on 2585:in 1899, and originally operated on the 2496:, where it sank due to neglect in 2010. 636:The first stern-wheeler was designed by 4795:Vehicles introduced in the 18th century 4375:Website of Chiemsee Schiffahrt (German) 4204:"Little Oscar W's royal tow to Renmark" 4114:. Echuca Paddlesteamers. Archived from 4089:. Echuca Paddlesteamers. Archived from 3620:Gandy, Joan W; Gandy, Thomas H (1987). 3237: 3176: 3089:constructed a new "Director" class of 4694:Clark, John and Wardle, David (2003). 4342:KD – Köln-Düsseldorfer Rheinschiffahrt 3837:MacEacheran, Mike (25 February 2022). 3773:"Gone are the days of paddle steamers" 3414: 3412: 2720:, two on Lake Zurich, and one each on 3862: 3860: 3832: 3830: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3766: 3764: 3360:Medieval Technology and Social Change 2968:is a side wheeler privately built at 2388:Saxon Paddle Steamer Fleet in Dresden 1348:service by the 1870s. These included 674:which took passengers from London to 456:created by Garay for a steam boiler. 7: 4642:Desmond, Kevin (21 September 2017). 3626:. Dover Publications, Inc. pp. 3260:. Intellect Limited. pp. 1–47. 3076:National Register of Historic Places 3022:, river paddle steamers of the type 2674:leaving Evian-les-Bains in July 2002 2090:. It is run aground in this picture. 1998:on Lake Wendouree (Ballarat, Vic.). 1983:operates on Swan River (Perth, WA). 1457:adding citations to reliable sources 1292:Beginning in the 1820s, the British 1033:Until 2022, four paddle steamers—PS 526:, successfully steamed up the river 46:, a paddle-wheel ship from 1990s in 4645:Electric Boats and Ships: A History 4558:. Medway Queen Preservation Society 4526:"The Story of the Maid of the Loch" 4357:Website of Seenschifffahrt Ammersee 4043:. Medway Queen Preservation Society 3213:As a sampling: Steamers operate on 2394:was the last paddle steamer on the 2355:The former British paddle steamer, 2139:An historical photo of a ticket of 1744:was built for the Conner family of 1662:Murray River § River transport 715:A Chinese paddle-wheel ship from a 4747:links to videos on paddle wheelers 4578:"Russian river ships (in English)" 4087:"Our Paddlesteamers – PS Pevensey" 3809:Mithu, Ariful Islam (2024-01-24). 3733:. Taipei: Caves Books. p. 31. 3490:"Steam-boat on a new construction" 3165:Steamboats of the Willamette River 1340:of 1861–1865. With the arrival of 1210:of North America. Paddle steamers 1071:, the last seagoing paddle steamer 14: 4420:Constantin Cumpana (2016-07-26). 4037:"Dunkirk - Operation Dynamo 1940" 3225:in the U.S. Northeast as of 2024. 2492:(1903) lies at the bottom of the 729:History of the Southern Dynasties 553:Loch. In 1802, Symington built a 235:, including those made famous in 4723:Paddle Steamers At War 1939-1945 4494:"Paddle Steamer Monarch Wareham" 4165:"PS Melbourne & PV Rothbury" 3989:"USS Miami Civil War Union Navy" 3894:"'Rockets' running out of steam" 3167: – Steamboats in a US river 3155:Steamboats of the Columbia River 3087:Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service 1947:is under restoration at Morgan. 1433: 1354:, which became one of the first 1037:(built in Scotland in 1929), PS 1018:was also installed. However, PS 816: 273:European side-wheelers, such as 181: 4439:Cornelia Mazilu (2 June 2022). 3892:Parveen, Shahnaz (2010-12-01). 3509:Viegas, Jennifer (2010-08-24). 3115:Experiment (horse-powered boat) 2122:several replica paddle steamers 1444:needs additional citations for 1288:expedition to Japan (1853–1854) 805:during the early 20th century. 764:(618–907) emperor. The Chinese 545:, who suggested steam power to 4469:Andrew Gladwell (3 Apr 2014), 3867:Shafique, Saleh (2022-05-20). 3382:(in Spanish). El Faro de Ceuta 1898:runs tourist cruises from the 1099:) and made an eventful London- 1: 4552:"History of the Medway Queen" 4403:"Whanganui River Boat Centre" 4389:"Website of Trivapor Society" 3540:. Houghton-Mifflin. pp. 3424:Men of Invention and Industry 3160:Steamboats of the Mississippi 3074:, that is listed on the U.S. 3026:(project 373), later renamed 2305:viewed in the Summer Palace. 1931:is based at Wentworth (NSW). 1390:Racecourse-class minesweepers 1296:began building paddle-driven 1079:in 1808. It steamed from the 565:Forth and Clyde Canal Company 502:One of the first functioning 233:steamboats of the Mississippi 4700:National Museum of Australia 4320:"Sächsische Dampfschiffahrt" 4295:Dunkirk and the Little Ships 3570:Mississippi River Navigation 2581:was built in kitset form in 2567:The restored paddle steamer 2409:(49 m, 161 ft) on 2241:features the paddle steamer 1900:Swan Hill Pioneer Settlement 1880:National Museum of Australia 1255:Paddle-driven steam warships 1091:(11 kW) paddle steamer 752:". When campaigning against 547:Patrick Miller of Dalswinton 479:Patrick Miller of Dalswinton 4496:. Wareham Steam Navigation. 4258:). Retrieved July 26, 2014. 4236:"Paddle Steamer Enterprise" 4178:Christopher, Peter (2001). 3771:Nandy, Dipan (2023-12-13). 3542:182, 350, 357, 433–434, 487 3498:. Sydney, NSW. 21 May 1828. 3258:Story of the Paddle Steamer 1924:is run by the same people. 1814:The replica paddle steamer 939:(BIWTC). These included PS 444:, which surpassed a nearby 4821: 4757:Australian paddle steamers 4353:"Seenschifffahrt Ammersee" 3681:London's Pleasure Steamers 3668:Dead link January 27, 2018 3256:Bernard Dumpleton (2002). 3117: – Horse-powered boat 2975:In the River Dart (Devon) 2214:in 1989. Previously named 2212:National Historic Landmark 2200:National Historic Landmark 2198:, built in 1934 and now a 2106:, British Columbia, Canada 1878:. She was acquired by the 1659: 1544:in Bregenz, Lake Constance 1263: 429:In 1539, Spanish engineer 136:Right: Detail of a steamer 97:-built American Civil War 4721:Plummer, Russell (1995). 3534:Paine, Lincoln P (1997). 3121:Murray–Darling steamboats 3107:Bayou Navigation in Dixie 2970:Chatham Historic Dockyard 2920:) with screw propulsion. 2768:(connected by channels): 1328:of 1853–1856, and by the 225:Brownsville, Pennsylvania 4600:August 22, 2006, at the 4026:Robins 2012, pp. 149-150 4017:Robins 2012, pp. 145-146 3869:"The last water rockets" 3753:Needham, Joseph (1986). 3729:Needham, Joseph (1986). 3595:Ewen, William H (1988). 3403:The Invention of Science 3315:BAR International Series 2616:in traffic on lake Mjøsa 2378:on Lake Chiemsee in 2012 1967:Penrith, New South Wales 1961:operates cruises on the 1057:Seagoing paddle steamers 933:liberation of Bangladesh 433:received the support of 149:Types of paddle steamers 4800:Marine steam propulsion 4061:Plummer 1995, pp. 28-29 3961:Morriss, Roger (1997). 3684:. Amberley Publishing. 3401:Wootton, David (2015). 3281:Life on the Mississippi 1177:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 1083:along the coast to the 694:cruise steamers on the 638:Gerhard Moritz Roentgen 297:Feathering paddle wheel 242:Life on the Mississippi 4512:Torquay Herald Express 4214:Fairfax Regional Media 3597:Days of the Steamboats 3566:"Steamboat navigation" 3327:Hall, Bert S. (1979). 3110: 3062: 2878: 2697: 2675: 2617: 2512: 2379: 2166:, built in 1912 as PS 2157: 2143: 2107: 2091: 2075:Showboat Branson Belle 2066: 1839: 1657: 1642: 1559: 1545: 1425:Modern paddle steamers 1377: 1289: 1158: 1072: 928: 782: 723: 626: 538: 499: 411: 380: 369: 356: 335: 329: 306: 258: 162: 137: 102: 54: 36: 24: 4621:National Park Service 4556:www.medwayqueen.co.uk 4530:www.maidoftheloch.org 4371:"Chiemsee Schiffahrt" 4292:Weir, Philip (2020). 4041:www.medwayqueen.co.uk 3873:The Business Standard 3815:The Business Standard 3462:Robins, Nick (2012). 3301:William Collins, Sons 3293:Evers, Henry (1873). 3194:Shreveport, Louisiana 3105: 3052: 2904:Stadt Zürich (1909), 2864: 2681: 2666: 2612: 2507: 2373: 2226:is based in downtown 2149: 2138: 2097: 2072: 2064: 1913:is based at Renmark. 1830: 1648: 1628: 1576:Kaiser Franz Josef I. 1551: 1539: 1369: 1336:of 1846–1848 and the 1273: 1141: 1064: 914: 778: 714: 614:A paddle tug pulling 613: 536: 491: 401: 374: 326: 304: 288:Inboard paddlewheeler 268:Murray–Darling system 256: 156: 125: 87: 42: 30: 22: 4269:Know Your Ships 2017 2511:on Lake Biwa in 2007 2433:, launched in 2013. 2228:Louisville, Kentucky 2034:invitation to tender 1940:is based at Goolwa. 1790:in South Australia. 1453:improve this article 1380:At the start of the 1342:ironclad battleships 750:thousand league boat 631:Captain Henry Shreve 424:Francesco di Giorgio 31:Fall Line's steamer 4725:. GMS Enterprises. 4623:. February 15, 1997 4209:Victor Harbor Times 2647:, built in 1914 at 2526:. The name is from 2471:Giuseppe Zanardelli 2224:Belle of Louisville 2207:Belle of Louisville 1957:The paddle wheeler 1904:Swan Hill, Victoria 1884:Lake Burley Griffin 1852:Kookaburra Queen II 1820:was constructed in 1721:Alexander Arbuthnot 1362:Paddle minesweepers 213:Although the first 4790:1774 introductions 4762:2011-11-14 at the 4711:2010-09-27 at the 4338:2011-06-16 at the 4008:Plummer 1995, p. 3 3658:on 21 January 2013 3537:Ships of the World 3426:, Gutenberg e-text 3223:Lake Winnipesaukee 3111: 3063: 2879: 2698: 2687:(to the left) and 2676: 2640:Tudor Vladimirescu 2618: 2513: 2380: 2359:Princess Elizabeth 2281:, Canada operates 2158: 2156:on the Mississippi 2144: 2108: 2092: 2086:is a sternwheeler 2067: 1872:Murrumbidgee River 1840: 1808:Murray River Queen 1703:All the Rivers Run 1658: 1643: 1560: 1546: 1405:Dunkirk Evacuation 1378: 1338:American Civil War 1330:United States Navy 1290: 1277:'s paddle frigate 1159: 1073: 1004:Hydraulic steering 929: 724: 627: 539: 514:Claude de Jouffroy 500: 412: 383:Italian physician 381: 336: 307: 259: 193:. You can help by 163: 138: 103: 101:side-wheel steamer 55: 37: 25: 4278:978-1-891849-22-0 3950:978-1-4050-3426-5 3717:978-0-521-05802-5 3317:63, part 2, p. 34 3083:British Admiralty 3031:-class steamships 2944:Battle of Dunkirk 2598:Otunui Paddleboat 2185:Washington Irving 2130:Willamette Rivers 2084:Branson, Missouri 2062: 1700:in the TV series 1529: 1528: 1521: 1503: 1212:helped open Japan 1208:Pacific Northwest 1146:'s fleet: either 1008:electro-hydraulic 846: 845: 722:published in 1726 692:Köln-Düsseldorfer 543:William Symington 385:Guido da Vigevano 358:De Rebus Bellicis 331:De Rebus Bellicis 211: 210: 168:Mississippi River 111:marine propulsion 4812: 4736: 4682: 4681: 4676:. Archived from 4674:rfanostalgia.org 4670:"Director Class" 4666: 4660: 4659: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4618: 4610: 4604: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4580:. Archived from 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4466: 4460: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4405:. 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Archived from 3434: 3428: 3427: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3373: 3364: 3363: 3352: 3343: 3342: 3324: 3318: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3253: 3247: 3242: 3226: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3196: 3192:The namesake of 3190: 3184: 3181: 3146: 3137: 3072:Portland, Oregon 3008:Gillingham, Kent 2988:Maid of the Loch 2979:Kingswear Castle 2906:Stadt Rapperswil 2732:. Swiss company 2690:Stadt Rapperswil 2524:Shiga Prefecture 2235:Shelburne Museum 2195:William M. Black 2175:aircraft carrier 2063: 1996:Begonia Princess 1846:operates on the 1844:Kookaburra Queen 1833:Kookaburra Queen 1736:, built 1913 at 1723:, built 1923 at 1656:, Brisbane River 1650:Kookaburra Queen 1524: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1504: 1502: 1468:"Paddle steamer" 1461: 1437: 1429: 1397:Second World War 1275:Matthew C. Perry 1247:As of 2022, the 1199: 841: 838: 820: 813: 791:Battle of Caishi 748:) known as the " 734:Liu Song dynasty 572:Charlotte Dundas 560:Charlotte Dundas 473: 420:Roberto Valturio 361: 334: 206: 203: 185: 178: 99:blockade-running 4820: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4785:Paddle steamers 4775: 4774: 4766:A brief history 4764:Wayback Machine 4743: 4733: 4720: 4713:Wayback Machine 4691: 4686: 4685: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4602:Wayback Machine 4593: 4589: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4340:Wayback Machine 4331: 4327: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4253: 4249: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4119: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4007: 3996: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3877: 3875: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3849: 3847: 3836: 3835: 3828: 3819: 3817: 3808: 3807: 3790: 3781: 3779: 3770: 3769: 3762: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3705:Needham, Joseph 3703: 3699: 3692: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3661: 3659: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3519: 3517: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3447: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3418: 3417: 3410: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3374: 3367: 3356:White, Lynn Jr. 3354: 3353: 3346: 3339: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3312: 3308: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3283:, by Mark Twain 3279: 3275: 3268: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3144: 3135: 3100: 3091:diesel-electric 3047: 3016: 2940:English Channel 2926: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2775:(built in 1912) 2754: 2742:diesel electric 2670:paddle steamer 2661: 2635: 2607: 2589:under the name 2587:Whanganui River 2565: 2536: 2534:The Netherlands 2502: 2494:Lago di Mezzola 2439: 2368: 2333: 2311: 2302: 2258:is host to the 2080:Table Rock Lake 2056: 2054: 2044:(1950). The PS 2018: 1876:New South Wales 1792:Murray Princess 1783:Murray Princess 1778:Murray Princess 1664: 1623: 1617: 1534: 1525: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1462: 1460: 1450: 1438: 1427: 1382:First World War 1364: 1356:Boston steamers 1268: 1262: 1260:Paddle frigates 1257: 1197: 1179:'s much larger 1144:Commodore Perry 1095:(later renamed 1059: 1045:(1938), and PS 842: 836: 833: 826:needs expansion 811: 799:First Opium War 709: 704: 676:Southend-on-Sea 672:Thames steamers 663:seaside resorts 467: 431:Blasco de Garay 393:compound cranks 348:De architectura 321: 316: 299: 290: 251: 207: 201: 198: 191:needs expansion 176: 151: 135: 120: 107:screw propeller 79:paddle wheelers 44:Finlandia Queen 35:, launched 1866 17: 12: 11: 5: 4818: 4816: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4777: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4754: 4749: 4742: 4741:External links 4739: 4738: 4737: 4731: 4718: 4715: 4703: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4680:on 2016-07-16. 4661: 4654: 4634: 4605: 4587: 4584:on 2007-03-01. 4569: 4543: 4517: 4499: 4485: 4480:978-0711037427 4479: 4461: 4452: 4449:(in Romanian). 4431: 4428:(in Romanian). 4412: 4409:on 2007-07-31. 4394: 4380: 4362: 4344: 4325: 4311: 4305:978-1784423759 4304: 4284: 4277: 4260: 4247: 4227: 4195: 4188: 4170: 4156: 4142: 4128: 4103: 4078: 4074:The Advertiser 4063: 4054: 4028: 4019: 4010: 3994: 3980: 3974:978-0859895262 3973: 3953: 3937: 3909: 3898:The Daily Star 3884: 3856: 3826: 3788: 3777:The Daily Star 3760: 3745: 3736: 3721: 3697: 3691:978-1445641584 3690: 3670: 3643: 3636: 3612: 3605: 3587: 3557: 3550: 3526: 3515:Discovery News 3501: 3481: 3475:978-1848321342 3474: 3454: 3429: 3420:Smiles, Samuel 3408: 3393: 3365: 3344: 3337: 3319: 3306: 3285: 3273: 3266: 3248: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3215:Lake Champlain 3206: 3197: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3123: 3118: 3099: 3096: 3046: 3043: 3015: 3012: 2925: 2924:United Kingdom 2922: 2916:(1895, on the 2910: 2909: 2895: 2894: 2877:in August 2018 2859: 2858: 2825: 2824: 2791: 2790: 2777: 2776: 2753: 2752:Active vessels 2750: 2730:Lake Constance 2660: 2657: 2634: 2631: 2606: 2603: 2583:Poplar, London 2564: 2561: 2535: 2532: 2501: 2498: 2438: 2435: 2423:Ludwig Fessler 2376:Ludwig Fessler 2367: 2364: 2332: 2329: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2249:Lake Champlain 2247:, a preserved 2053: 2050: 2040:(1938) and PS 2017: 2014: 1848:Brisbane River 1622: 1619: 1600:Lake Constance 1553:Franz Josef I. 1540:Steam paddler 1533: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1441: 1439: 1432: 1426: 1423: 1363: 1360: 1298:steam frigates 1284:, part of the 1266:Paddle frigate 1264:Main article: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1127:Charles Napier 1085:Delaware River 1058: 1055: 844: 843: 823: 821: 810: 807: 774:Joseph Needham 708: 705: 703: 700: 684:Clyde steamers 667:pleasure piers 483:Firth of Forth 320: 317: 315: 312: 298: 295: 289: 286: 250: 247: 209: 208: 188: 186: 175: 172: 150: 147: 119: 116: 59:paddle steamer 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4817: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4732:1-870384-39-3 4728: 4724: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4696:PS Enterprise 4693: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4657: 4655:9781476665153 4651: 4648:. McFarland. 4647: 4646: 4638: 4635: 4622: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4591: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4473:, Ian Allan, 4472: 4465: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4435: 4432: 4427: 4426:rezistenta.ro 4423: 4416: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4129: 4118:on 2013-04-10 4117: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4093:on 2013-04-10 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4058: 4055: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3984: 3981: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3926: 3925: 3924:Dhaka Tribune 3920: 3913: 3910: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3885: 3874: 3870: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3816: 3812: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3749: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3674: 3671: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3637:0-486-25260-4 3633: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3613: 3608: 3606:0-913372-47-1 3602: 3598: 3591: 3588: 3576:on 2010-01-29 3575: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3553: 3551:0-395-71556-3 3547: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3530: 3527: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3477: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3458: 3455: 3444:on 2009-11-18 3443: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3397: 3394: 3381: 3380: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3338:3-920153-93-6 3334: 3330: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3303:. p. 98. 3302: 3298: 3297: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3267:9781841508016 3263: 3259: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3171: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3061: 3060:San Francisco 3057: 3056: 3055:Eppleton Hall 3051: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3004: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2936:Clyde steamer 2933: 2932: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2649:Turnu Severin 2646: 2642: 2641: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2571: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2549:Queen Beatrix 2546: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2506: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447:Lake Maggiore 2444: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2377: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2360: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2325:Himmelbjerget 2322: 2318: 2317: 2308: 2306: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2052:US and Canada 2051: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030:tour operator 2027: 2023: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2006: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1974:Thomson Belle 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1868:Darling River 1865: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1796:Kelsian Group 1793: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1746:Boundary Bend 1743: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1669: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1606:from 1912 in 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1590:from 1913 in 1589: 1585: 1584:Lake Wolfgang 1581: 1578:from 1873 in 1577: 1573: 1569: 1566:from 1872 in 1565: 1558: 1557:Lake Wolfgang 1554: 1550: 1543: 1538: 1531: 1523: 1520: 1512: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1470: – 1469: 1465: 1464:Find sources: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1442:This section 1440: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1346:merchant-navy 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1236:Eppleton Hall 1231: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1220:Great Eastern 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1196: 1195:Great Western 1192: 1188: 1187:Great Western 1184: 1183: 1182:Great Western 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1070: 1069: 1063: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 926: 922: 918: 913: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 840: 831: 827: 824:This section 822: 819: 815: 814: 808: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 781: 777: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 758:Liang dynasty 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 730: 721: 718: 713: 706: 701: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 668: 664: 659: 657: 651: 649: 645: 641: 639: 634: 632: 624: 623:breaking yard 620: 619: 612: 608: 606: 602: 598: 597: 591: 587: 586: 581: 580:Robert Fulton 577: 573: 568: 566: 562: 561: 556: 552: 548: 544: 535: 531: 529: 525: 524: 519: 515: 511: 510: 505: 497: 496: 490: 486: 484: 480: 475: 471: 466: 465:Ernst Gerland 462: 461:Louis Figuire 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 440: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 409: 405: 400: 396: 394: 390: 386: 378: 373: 368: 363: 360: 359: 353: 349: 345: 341: 333: 332: 325: 319:Western world 318: 313: 311: 303: 296: 294: 287: 285: 283: 279: 278: 271: 269: 264: 255: 248: 246: 244: 243: 238: 234: 230: 226: 223:was built at 222: 221: 216: 205: 196: 192: 189:This section 187: 184: 180: 179: 174:Stern-wheeler 173: 171: 169: 160: 155: 148: 146: 144: 133: 129: 124: 118:Paddle wheels 117: 115: 112: 108: 100: 96: 92: 91: 86: 82: 80: 76: 75:paddle wheels 72: 69:powered by a 68: 64: 60: 53: 49: 45: 41: 34: 29: 21: 4722: 4698:. Canberra: 4695: 4689:Bibliography 4678:the original 4673: 4664: 4644: 4637: 4625:. Retrieved 4608: 4590: 4582:the original 4572: 4560:. Retrieved 4555: 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4529: 4520: 4511: 4502: 4488: 4470: 4464: 4455: 4444: 4434: 4425: 4415: 4407:the original 4397: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4328: 4314: 4294: 4287: 4268: 4263: 4250: 4239:. Retrieved 4230: 4218:. Retrieved 4207: 4198: 4179: 4173: 4159: 4145: 4131: 4120:. Retrieved 4116:the original 4106: 4095:. Retrieved 4091:the original 4081: 4073: 4066: 4057: 4045:. Retrieved 4040: 4031: 4022: 4013: 3983: 3963: 3956: 3940: 3928:. Retrieved 3922: 3912: 3901:. Retrieved 3897: 3887: 3876:. Retrieved 3872: 3848:. Retrieved 3842: 3818:. Retrieved 3814: 3780:. Retrieved 3776: 3754: 3748: 3743:Needham, 476 3739: 3730: 3724: 3708: 3700: 3680: 3673: 3660:. Retrieved 3656:the original 3646: 3622: 3615: 3596: 3590: 3578:. Retrieved 3574:the original 3569: 3560: 3536: 3529: 3518:. Retrieved 3514: 3504: 3493: 3484: 3464: 3457: 3446:. 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