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Depth and diameter: affect water temperature and evaporation rate in the depression. A shallow and wide pool will evaporate at a greater rate than a pool of the same volume of water which is deeper and has a smaller surface area. Evaporation rate also affects salinity, the higher the evaporation rate
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greater than that of the larger body of water. This increased salinity dictates the type of flora and fauna able to grow within the panne. Salt pools are also secondary formations, though the exact mechanism(s) of formation are not well understood; some have predicted they will increase in size and
162:) is deposited upon existing vegetation, killing it. This creates a slight depression in the surrounding vegetation which retains water for varying periods of time. Upon successive cycles of inundation and evaporation the panne develops an increased
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Saturated, mud dominated pannes are occasionally found in the transition zone next to forested uplands where they are shaded by overhanging tree branches thus inhibiting evaporation. This is the preferred habitat for the uncommon seaside crowfoot
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and distance from the mean low tide mark which affects the length and duration of inundation until the depression is subject to evaporation as well as length of time until the rising tide replenishes the water
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Minimal vegetation often found on the upper half of the high salt marsh. It is typically deeper than forb and smooth cord-grass pannes. Usually flooded by the higher of the two
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158:. Pools tend to retain water during the summer months between high tides, whereas pannes generally do not. Salt pannes generally start when a mat of organic debris (known as
359:) - marsh minnow deepwater pool. Pools on the high salt marsh that are semi-permanently and permanently flooded. They are able to sustain populations of sheephead minnow
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Brackish marsh panne variants occur in brackish marshes (short graminoid variant), one of the native dominant species is spike grass (
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These factors affect the types of species which can survive within the various types of salt pannes and pools.
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Briefly flooded, very shallow with a moderate amount of vegetation usually dominated by arrow-grass (
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Shallow depressions flooded for only for a brief time and are characterized by a variable mix of
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and similar compounds which inhibit plant growth. Short form (6-12" tall) smooth cord-grass (
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species of vegetation. Occasionally can be found at the upper edge of the low salt marsh.
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the higher the salinity, with rates as high as a third greater than ocean water.
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marine life that vary considerably in composition due to a variety of factors:
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373:) and other species of small fish which may become trapped in the pools and
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Usually devoid of vegetation, that may be present include smooth cordgrass (
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Water retaining depressions located within salt and brackish marshes
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ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM: NORTHERN ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN TIDAL SALT MARSH
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type: affects the ability of the depression to hold water.
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
279:). The substrate is typically soft, silty mud.
445:). Growing with less frequency are red fescue (
147:are water retaining depressions located within
3095:A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia
3180:Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board
3105:Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type
2508:
1658:
866:Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems
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204:Location within the intertidal zone, whether
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431:. Frequent herbs include three-square rush (
931:Freshwater environmental quality parameters
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513:New Hampshire Division of Forest and Lands
389:Salt marsh showing salt pannes and ponds,
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
545:
505:
3200:Meadowview Biological Research Station
3132:Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands
128:showing salt pannes and pools during
7:
457:) silverweed, saltmeadow cordgrass (
302:Smooth cord-grass (short form) panne
232:Salt marsh showing smooth cordgrass
220:Variants of salt pannes and pools:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3195:Irish Peatland Conservation Council
1194:Oceanic physical-biological process
1056:List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF)
2361:Integrated coastal zone management
14:
174:Salt pannes and pools are unique
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2014:
2007:
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721:Colored dissolved organic matter
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363:Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus
178:dominated by various species of
23:
2691:Flooded grasslands and savannas
1066:Latin America and the Caribbean
167:abundance in the future due to
34:needs additional citations for
2459:Region of freshwater influence
1548:Ecological values of mangroves
1091:North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
415:) an invasive exotic species.
1:
3346:Coastal and oceanic landforms
3215:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
3205:Society of Wetland Scientists
2221:Large-scale coastal behaviour
2053:Beaches in estuaries and bays
2830:Peatland, mire, and quagmire
1568:Marine conservation activism
1553:Fisheries and climate change
419:Mixed graminoid - forb panne
3100:National Wetlands Inventory
1563:Human impact on marine life
1440:Davidson Seamount § Ecology
676:Aquatic population dynamics
439:), salt-loving spike-rush (
3382:
3185:Delta Waterfowl Foundation
454:Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
336:, found in deepwater pools
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3122:
2472:
2005:
1594:
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1230:
1179:Marine primary production
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1114:
1073:List of marine ecoregions
902:
612:
598:
324:Salt marsh mosquito panne
3164:Wetland indicator status
2166:Coastal biogeomorphology
1425:Coastal biogeomorphology
1420:Marine coastal ecosystem
467:Sparsely vegetated panne
463:), and salt marsh rush.
288:Arrow-grass (forb) panne
250:feeding in a tidal pool.
238:, a dominant species of
2875:Freshwater swamp forest
1333:Paradox of the plankton
1144:Diel vertical migration
1038:Freshwater swamp forest
756:GIS and aquatic science
604:General components and
334:(Fundulus heteroclitus)
269:such as knotted wrack (
58:"Salt pannes and pools"
3210:Wetlands International
2981:List of wetland plants
2063:Coastal morphodynamics
1159:Large marine ecosystem
851:Shoaling and schooling
484:), chaffy salt sedge (
400:
337:
251:
141:
2855:Salt pannes and pools
2454:Physical oceanography
1578:Marine protected area
1505:Salt pannes and pools
1280:Marine larval ecology
1255:Census of Marine Life
1139:Deep scattering layer
1096:San Francisco Estuary
1061:Africa and Madagascar
886:Underwater camouflage
666:Aquatic biomonitoring
606:freshwater ecosystems
493:Solidago sempervirens
490:) seaside goldenrod (
475:Ranunculus cymbalaria
391:spartina alternifolia
388:
370:Fundulus heteroclitus
331:
317:Spartina alterniflora
262:Spartina alterniflora
235:Spartina alterniflora
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145:Salt pannes and pools
124:
2283:Submergent coastline
2236:Marine transgression
2191:Discordant coastline
2176:Concordant coastline
1313:Marine bacteriophage
1275:Marine invertebrates
442:Eleocharis halophila
437:Agrostis stolonifera
381:Brackish water marsh
295:Triglochin maritimum
255:Low salt marsh panne
136:and very high tide (
43:improve this article
3315:Wetlands portal
2946:Constructed wetland
2531:Types and landforms
2387:Coastal engineering
1189:Ocean fertilization
998:Trophic state index
956:Lake stratification
686:Aquatic respiration
451:), New York aster (
396:phragmites communis
272:Ascophyllum nodosum
186:plants and varying
3159:Salt marsh die-off
3077:Salt marsh dieback
2986:List of fen plants
2825:Palustrine wetland
2726:Intertidal wetland
2721:Interdunal wetland
2356:Coastal management
2196:Emergent coastline
1867:Intertidal wetland
1770:Continental margin
1455:Intertidal wetland
1450:Intertidal ecology
1318:Marine prokaryotes
1260:Deep-sea community
1154:Iron fertilization
1077:Specific examples
1003:Upland and lowland
921:Freshwater biology
786:Microbial food web
696:Aquatic toxicology
639:Aquatic adaptation
592:Aquatic ecosystems
529:2011-07-19 at the
412:Typha angustifolia
406:Distichlis spicata
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3351:Coastal geography
3333:
3332:
3235:Aquatic ecosystem
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3142:Ramsar Convention
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2951:Converted wetland
2893:Peat swamp forest
2756:Inland salt marsh
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2489:
2318:Wave-cut platform
2231:Marine regression
1775:Continental shelf
1765:Coastal waterfall
1674:Coastal geography
1640:
1639:
1621:Oceans portal
1590:
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1465:Hydrothermal vent
1401:
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1290:Seashore wildlife
1121:Marine ecosystems
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876:Thermal pollution
841:Ramsar Convention
781:Microbial ecology
741:Fisheries science
681:Aquatic predation
481:Elymus virginicus
347:Aedes sollicitans
275:) and rockweeds (
169:rising sea levels
132:, mean low tide,
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3295:Will-o'-the-wisp
3228:Related articles
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2920:Whitewater river
2870:Coniferous swamp
2751:Freshwater marsh
2644:Clearwater river
2560:Blackwater river
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2241:Raised shoreline
2216:Ingression coast
2211:Graded shoreline
2186:Cuspate foreland
2018:
2011:
1962:Submarine canyon
1822:Freshwater marsh
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1169:Marine chemistry
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3087:Classifications
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2880:Mangrove forest
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691:Aquatic science
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531:Wayback Machine
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353:Widgeon grass (
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2409:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Brackish marsh
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Barrier island
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1610:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1361:Saltwater fish
1358:
1356:Marine reptile
1353:
1347:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1328:Marine viruses
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1305:Microorganisms
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1295:Wild fisheries
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1209:Thorson's rule
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Marine biology
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:Brackish marsh
1020:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
974:
973:
963:
958:
953:
951:Lake ecosystem
948:
943:
941:Hyporheic zone
938:
933:
928:
923:
917:
915:
911:
910:
903:
901:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
791:Microbial loop
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
736:Eutrophication
733:
728:
723:
718:
716:Cascade effect
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
662:
661:
656:
651:
644:Aquatic animal
641:
636:
631:
626:
620:
618:
610:
609:
603:
596:
595:
590:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
558:
557:
535:
534:
516:
504:
503:
501:
498:
487:Carex paleacea
469:
468:
421:
420:
399:in foreground.
382:
379:
304:
303:
290:
289:
257:
256:
224:Low salt marsh
215:
214:
202:
198:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3378:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3326:
3318:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:Riparian zone
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:Organizations
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3029:Tropical peat
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:Várzea forest
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Polygonal bog
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Littoral zone
2447:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:Bulkhead line
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Wave shoaling
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Surge channel
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Cliffed coast
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Shingle beach
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Coastal plain
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Sponge ground
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Marine biomes
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Demersal fish
1379:
1377:
1376:Deep-sea fish
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:Marine mammal
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
972:
969:
968:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
912:
907:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
881:Trophic level
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
846:Sediment trap
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
821:Phytoplankton
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
671:Aquatic plant
669:
667:
664:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:Anoxic waters
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
597:
593:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
567:
566:
563:
556:
546:
542:
532:
528:
525:
520:
517:
514:
509:
506:
499:
497:
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
482:
477:
476:
466:
465:
464:
462:
461:
456:
455:
450:
449:
448:Festuca rubra
444:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
417:
416:
414:
413:
408:
407:
398:
397:
393:and invasive
392:
387:
380:
378:
376:
372:
371:
367:, mummichog (
366:
364:
358:
357:
351:
349:
348:
343:
335:
330:
326:
325:
321:
319:
318:
313:
309:
301:
300:
299:
297:
296:
287:
286:
285:
284:
280:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:
254:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
230:
226:
225:
221:
218:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
192:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:microhabitats
172:
170:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
113:
110:
102:
99:December 2015
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3260:List of bogs
3115:Conservation
3046:Ombrotrophic
2990:
2961:Water-meadow
2885:
2854:
2696:Grass valley
2686:Flood-meadow
2649:Cypress dome
2580:Cataract bog
2555:Beach meadow
2313:Volcanic arc
2201:Feeder bluff
2108:River mouths
2073:Raised beach
2068:Pocket beach
1996:
1967:Tidal island
1957:Strand plain
1902:Natural arch
1535:Conservation
1504:
1386:Pelagic fish
1366:Coastal fish
1270:Marine fungi
1008:Water garden
891:Water column
836:Productivity
811:Pelagic zone
771:Macrobenthos
761:Hydrobiology
731:Ecohydrology
519:
508:
491:
485:
479:
473:
470:
458:
452:
446:
440:
422:
410:
404:
402:
394:
390:
368:
362:
354:
352:
345:
342:spring tides
339:
332:Mummichogs,
323:
322:
315:
305:
293:
291:
282:
281:
270:
267:marine algae
260:
258:
233:
223:
222:
219:
216:
173:
159:
144:
143:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3285:Telmatology
3280:River delta
3147:Ramsar site
3137:Marsh organ
3036:Hydric soil
2915:Vernal pool
2898:Shrub swamp
2766:Tidal marsh
2595:Plateau bog
2585:Coastal bog
2575:Blanket bog
2464:River plume
2278:Steep coast
2251:Rocky shore
2246:Rip current
2126:River delta
2098:Wash margin
2093:Storm beach
2083:Shell beach
2048:Beach wrack
2043:Beach ridge
2033:Beach cusps
1982:Tied island
1972:Tidal marsh
1695:Archipelago
1520:Sponge reef
1495:Rocky shore
1490:Oyster reef
1460:Kelp forest
1343:Vertebrates
1243:Marine life
1219:Viral shunt
1184:Marine snow
1086:Maharashtra
993:Stream pool
896:Zooplankton
816:Photic zone
776:Meiobenthos
629:Algal bloom
138:spring tide
3340:Categories
3245:Bog butter
2941:Bog garden
2934:Artificial
2905:Wet meadow
2771:High marsh
2761:Salt marsh
2664:Fen-meadow
2632:Alder carr
2615:Upland bog
2610:String bog
2605:Raised bog
2392:Grain size
2366:Submersion
2343:Management
2328:Wind fetch
2288:Surf break
2206:Flat coast
2136:regressive
1922:Salt marsh
1780:Coral reef
1500:Salt marsh
1435:Coral reef
1224:Whale fall
1204:Photophore
1081:Everglades
1049:Ecoregions
988:Stream bed
961:Macrophyte
914:Freshwater
746:Food chain
659:Water bird
500:References
425:graminoids
277:Fucus spp.
206:high marsh
180:halophytes
126:Salt marsh
69:newspapers
3356:Estuaries
3067:Hydrosere
3055:Processes
3041:Marsh gas
2886:Myristica
2776:Low marsh
2590:Kermi bog
2565:Bofedales
2545:Backswamp
2351:Accretion
2333:Wind wave
2293:Surf zone
2148:Processes
2121:Mouth bar
2078:Recession
2058:Beachrock
1977:Tide pool
1907:Peninsula
1795:cliff-top
1682:Landforms
1525:Tide pool
1430:Cold seep
1214:Upwelling
978:Rheotaxis
971:Fish pond
946:Limnology
871:Substrate
856:Siltation
726:Dead zone
308:anaerobic
240:halophyte
210:low marsh
195:Substrate
188:estuarine
134:high tide
3366:Wetlands
3325:Category
3255:Bog-wood
3250:Bog iron
3240:Bog body
3062:Halosere
3014:Histosol
3009:Acrotelm
2992:Sphagnum
2850:Reed bed
2795:Moorland
2674:Rich fen
2669:Poor fen
2524:Wetlands
2482:Category
2308:Undertow
2261:Sea foam
2256:Sea cave
2156:Blowhole
1998:Windwatt
1857:Headland
1705:Avulsion
1632:Category
1558:HERMIONE
1475:Mangrove
1285:Seagrass
831:Pleuston
826:Plankton
806:Particle
751:Food web
555:Wetlands
527:Archived
312:sulfides
306:Shallow
164:salinity
153:brackish
130:low tide
3290:Turbary
3270:Estuary
2845:Pothole
2835:Pocosin
2800:Mudflat
2639:Ciénega
2622:Callows
2538:Natural
2432:shingle
2412:granule
2397:boulder
2375:Related
2271:peresyp
2181:Current
2116:Debouch
2025:Beaches
1992:Waituna
1987:Tombolo
1897:Mudflat
1892:Machair
1882:Isthmus
1802:Estuary
1745:Channel
1485:Mudflat
1445:Estuary
1415:Bay mud
1393:Seabird
1149:f-ratio
1132:General
1013:Wetland
801:Neuston
766:Hypoxia
711:Biomass
701:Benthos
617:General
375:benthic
242:in the
213:volume.
184:benthic
156:marshes
83:scholar
2860:Slough
2815:Pakihi
2805:Muskeg
2731:Kettle
2701:Guelta
2422:pebble
2417:gravel
2407:cobble
1952:Strait
1932:Skerry
1887:Lagoon
1872:Island
1827:Fundus
1730:Bodden
1470:Lagoon
796:Nekton
654:Mammal
649:Insect
541:Portal
248:egrets
246:, and
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3361:Water
2956:Swale
2925:Yaéré
2888:swamp
2865:Swamp
2820:Palsa
2810:Oasis
2790:Misse
2741:Marsh
2711:Igapó
2706:Hamun
2681:Flark
2654:Dambo
2550:Bayou
2303:Swash
2266:Shoal
1947:Stack
1937:Sound
1927:Shoal
1877:Islet
1862:Inlet
1852:Hapua
1817:Fjord
1812:Fjard
1807:Firth
1755:Coast
1750:Cliff
1725:Bight
1700:Atoll
861:Spawn
429:forbs
160:wrack
90:JSTOR
76:books
3152:List
3019:Peat
2974:Life
2840:Pond
2785:Mere
2736:Lagg
2716:Ings
2627:Carr
2437:silt
2427:sand
2402:clay
2131:mega
1942:Spit
1912:Reef
1842:Gulf
1790:Dune
1785:Cove
1740:Cape
1710:Ayre
966:Pond
427:and
151:and
149:salt
62:news
2659:Fen
2570:Bog
1917:Ria
1847:Gut
1837:Geo
1832:Gat
1720:Bay
1028:Fen
1018:Bog
265:),
208:or
45:by
3342::
182:,
171:.
140:).
2516:e
2509:t
2502:v
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
584:e
577:t
570:v
543::
472:(
365:)
361:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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