1092:
771:
3590:
3231:
3243:
906:
3267:
687:
36:
3255:
3283:
3299:
695:
5744:
5177:
3291:
3220:. This in turn binds to three triangular borate ions. Units joined end to end form columns running the length of the crystal. Each column binds with two other columns offset one-third and two-thirds of the vertical length of a single unit to form bundles of three columns. Bundles are packed together to form the final crystal structure. Because the neighboring columns are offset, the basic structural unit is not a
406:
3542:
5732:
3168:
3513:. California became a large producer of tourmaline in the early 1900s. The Maine deposits tend to produce crystals in raspberry pink-red as well as minty greens. The California deposits are known for bright pinks, as well as bicolors. During the early 1900s, Maine and California were the world's largest producers of gem tourmalines. The
4430:
3354:
Opaque black schorl and yellow tsilaisite are idiochromatic tourmaline species that have high magnetic susceptibilities due to high concentrations of iron and manganese respectively. Most gem-quality tourmalines are of the elbaite species. Elbaite tourmalines are allochromatic, deriving most of their
3605:
has also produced tourmaline colored by copper, similar to the
Brazilian paraiba. The Mozambique paraiba material usually is more intensely colored than the Nigerian and Mozambique Paraiba tourmaline have similar colors to the Brazilian Paraiba, but the prices are relatively cheaper, better clarity
3306:
Tourmaline has a variety of colors. Iron-rich tourmalines are usually black to bluish-black to deep brown, while magnesium-rich varieties are brown to yellow, and lithium-rich tourmalines are almost any color: blue, green, red, yellow, pink, etc. Rarely, it is colorless. Bi-colored and multicolored
3376:
to improve their color. Overly dark red stones can be lightened by careful heat treatment. The pink color in manganese-containing near-colorless to pale pink stones can be greatly increased by irradiation with gamma-rays or electron beams. Irradiation is almost impossible to detect in tourmalines,
3568:
A large bluish-green tourmaline from
Paraiba, measuring 36.44 mm × 33.75 mm × 21.85 mm (1.43 in × 1.33 in × 0.86 in) and weighing 191.87 carats (1.3536 oz; 38.374 g), is the world's largest cut tourmaline. Owned by Billionaire Business
3363:
can be used to identify or separate some types of tourmaline gems from others. For example, blue indicolite tourmaline is the only blue gemstone of any kind that will show a drag response when a neodymium magnet is applied. Any blue tourmaline that is diamagnetic can be identified as paraiba
3358:
Red and pink tourmalines have the lowest magnetic susceptibilities among the elbaites, while tourmalines with bright yellow, green and blue colors are the most magnetic elbaites. Dravite species such as green chromium dravite and brown dravite are diamagnetic. A handheld
3377:
and does not, currently, affect the value. Heavily included tourmalines, such as rubellite and
Brazilian paraiba, are sometimes clarity-enhanced. A clarity-enhanced tourmaline (especially the paraiba variety) is worth much less than an untreated gem of equal clarity.
3386:
3196:, often forming radial daisy-like patterns. Tourmaline is distinguished by its three-sided prisms; no other common mineral has three sides. Prisms faces often have heavy vertical striations that produce a rounded triangular effect. Tourmaline is rarely perfectly
3421:. Schorl and lithium-rich tourmalines are usually found in granite and granite pegmatite. Magnesium-rich tourmalines, dravites, are generally restricted to schists and marble. Tourmaline is a durable mineral and can be found in minor amounts as grains in
3215:
A crystal of tourmaline is built up of units consisting of a six-member silica ring that binds above to a large cation, such as sodium. The ring binds below to a layer of metal ions and hydroxyls or halogens, which structurally resembles a fragment of
706:, the sodium iron (divalent) endmember of the group. It may account for 95% or more of all tourmaline in nature. The early history of the mineral schorl shows that the name "schorl" was in use prior to 1400 because a village known today as
3557:. The new type of tourmaline, which soon became known as paraiba tourmaline, came in blue and green. Brazilian paraiba tourmaline usually contains abundant inclusions. Much of the paraiba tourmaline from Brazil does not actually come from
3187:
that are usually triangular in cross-section, often with curved striated faces. The style of termination at the ends of crystals is sometimes asymmetrical, called hemimorphism. Small slender prismatic crystals are common in a fine-grained
3613:. Chrome tourmaline is a rich green color due to the presence of chromium atoms in the crystal. Of the standard elbaite colors, blue indicolite gems are typically the most valuable, followed by green verdelite and pink to red rubellite.
4244:
164:
Most commonly black, but can range from colorless to brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, pink, or hues in-between. It can also be bi-colored, or even tri-colored. Rarely, it can be found as neon green or electric
398:
Strong narrow band at 498 nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640 nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451 nm, as well as a broad band in the green
949:(F) in tourmaline for the first time. In 1870, he proved that all varieties of tourmaline contain chemically bound water. In 1889, Scharitzer proposed the substitution of (OH) by F in red Li-tourmaline from
3307:
crystals are common, reflecting variations of fluid chemistry during crystallization. Crystals may be green at one end and pink at the other, or green on the outside and pink inside; this type is called
785:, is the sodium magnesium rich tourmaline endmember. Uvite, in comparison, is a calcium magnesium tourmaline. Dravite forms multiple series, with other tourmaline members, including schorl and elbaite.
3565:. Material from Rio Grande do Norte is often somewhat less intense in color, but many fine gems are found there. It was determined that the element copper was important in the coloration of the stone.
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3393:
3525:
have used pink and green tourmaline as funeral gifts for centuries. The first documented case was in 1890 when
Charles Russel Orcutt found pink tourmaline at what later became the Stewart Mine at
4216:
4609:
Henry, Darrell J.; Novák, Milan; Hawthorne, Frank C.; Ertl, Andreas; Dutrow, Barbara L.; Uher, Pavel; Pezzotta, Federico (2011). "Nomenclature of the
Tourmaline-Supergroup Minerals".
4375:
3390:
3601:. The material was generally paler and less saturated than the Brazilian materials, although the material generally was much less included. A more recent African discovery from
3266:
4018:
4217:"A zircon-tourmaline-rutile maturity index and the interdependence of the composition of heavy mineral assemblages with the gross composition and texture of sandstones"
3242:
4035:
4127:
3230:
562:
to satisfy a demand for curiosities and gems. Tourmaline was sometimes called the "Ceylonese Magnet" because it could attract and then repel hot ashes due to its
3326:
The pink color of tourmalines from many localities is the result of prolonged natural irradiation. During their growth, these tourmaline crystals incorporated
3311:
tourmaline and is prized in jewelry. An excellent example of watermelon tourmaline jewelry is a brooch piece (1969, gold, watermelon tourmaline, diamonds) by
3254:
4349:
4722:
4655:
6785:
1091:
8435:
6952:
9329:
8334:
538:
3389:
1246:
1075:. The first crystal structure determination of a Li-rich tourmaline was published in 1972 by Donnay and Barton, performed on a pink elbaite from
9278:
9252:
9232:
3940:
6834:
4414:
9380:
6028:
4385:
5782:
5213:
4452:
4424:
3522:
860:
and
Slovenia. The chemical composition which was given by Tschermak in 1884 for this dravite approximately corresponds to the formula
4057:
Frank C. Hawthorne and Dona M. Dirlam. "Tourmaline: Tourmaline the
Indicator Mineral: From Atomic Arrangement to Viking Navigation."
844:. Tschermak gave this tourmaline the name dravite, for the Drava river area, which is the district along the Drava River (in German:
4292:
4267:
4111:
3829:
3677:
942:
569:
Tourmalines were used by chemists in the 19th century to polarize light by shining rays onto a cut and polished surface of the gem.
466:
3517:
of China loved pink tourmaline and bought large quantities for gemstones and carvings from the then new
Himalaya Mine, located in
3509:
Some fine gems and specimen material have been produced in the United States, with the first discoveries in 1822, in the state of
722:, black tourmaline was found. The first description of schorl with the name "schürl" and its occurrence (various tin mines in the
8457:
8376:
7736:
4715:
3669:
1104:
6778:
3979:
9155:
3722:
793:
220:
941:, was one of the first localities where colored and colorless Li-tourmalines were extensively chemically analysed. In 1850,
662:
8797:
6878:
3821:
Fundamentals of
Piezoelectric Sensorics: Mechanical, Dielectric, and Thermodynamical Properties of Piezoelectric Materials
3797:
3792:
3589:
258:
253:
4678:
8087:
7325:
6824:
5735:
5704:
1076:
9227:
770:
9375:
9350:
8772:
7934:
7506:
7498:
7465:
7086:
7072:
6968:
6807:
4708:
20:
7710:
8279:
6930:
6905:
3204:, in western Australia. The deposit was discovered in the 1970s, but is now exhausted. All hemimorphic crystals are
9390:
8545:
8130:
7850:
7058:
7044:
7034:
6771:
4339:
3346:
environment, gradual formation of Mn ions occurs, which is responsible for the deepening of the pink to red color.
7456:
3027:
9370:
8857:
8526:
8493:
8341:
7802:
7563:
7551:
7530:
6978:
6860:
6239:
5719:
4652:
4128:"Simply Brilliant – An Exceptional Collection of Fine Jewelry with Outstanding Stones and Crystals | GeoRarities"
4072:
3693:
3622:
8294:
8261:
7838:
7390:
6936:
1491:
9385:
8508:
8326:
7122:
6075:
5897:
5714:
3151:
The IMA commission on new mineral names published a list of approved symbols for each mineral species in 2021.
730:(1504–1565) in 1562 under the title "Sarepta oder Bergpostill". Up to about 1600, additional names used in the
559:
176:
121:
7631:
8243:
8054:
7583:
3355:
color and magnetic susceptibility from schorl (which imparts iron) and tsilaisite (which imparts manganese).
9355:
7447:
6706:
6080:
5799:
5775:
5206:
3545:
Watermelon
Tourmaline mineral on quartz matrix (crystal approximately 2 cm (0.79 in) wide at face)
1311:
393:
106:
7611:
7599:
7227:
7195:
4186:
3224:: The actual unit cell of this structure includes portions of several units belonging to adjacent columns.
9365:
8049:
7990:
7978:
7878:
7483:
7425:
7109:
4344:
3742:
3426:
2711:
2531:
930:
655:
9175:
7966:
7954:
7866:
7817:
7211:
7133:
3075:
2399:
965:
for lithium-, sodium-, and aluminum-rich tourmaline from Elba Island, Italy, with the simplified formula
8783:
8394:
8142:
7649:
7409:
7154:
6606:
4029:
3606:
and larger sizes. In recent years the pricing of these beautiful gemstones has increased significantly.
3316:
2307:
210:
197:
8359:
8219:
7942:
7623:
7518:
7275:
905:
8900:
8113:
8101:
7378:
7346:
7257:
6925:
6913:
2355:
2131:
2043:
1447:
9247:
8890:
8199:
8154:
8125:
7891:
7370:
7341:
7336:
7287:
7240:
7146:
7138:
6443:
6100:
4618:
3994:
3751:
3514:
1539:
805:
8880:
7833:
7654:
2807:
8652:
8044:
7575:
7362:
6986:
6438:
5131:
3937:
3845:
3711:. This website details specifically and clearly how the complicated chemical formula is structured.
3562:
1951:
1907:
1771:
993:
370:
243:
233:
203:
8870:
3201:
2087:
714:, Germany) was then named "Schorl" (or minor variants of this name), and the village had a nearby
686:
9360:
9193:
9011:
8977:
8905:
8885:
8875:
8166:
7883:
6994:
6802:
5847:
5827:
5768:
5642:
5199:
4634:
4514:
4010:
3975:
3907:
3819:
3769:
2623:
2579:
2443:
1999:
958:
829:
727:
187:
9082:
8912:
4534:
4232:
2667:
1403:
985:
9106:
3549:
Almost every color of tourmaline can be found in Brazil, especially in the Brazilian states of
3315:(British, b. Italy, 1921–2007), in the collection of Kimberly Klosterman and on display at the
1627:
1267:
9163:
9031:
8754:
8611:
8417:
8314:
8207:
8190:
8182:
8023:
8011:
7925:
7920:
7724:
7670:
7437:
7292:
7248:
7004:
6870:
6794:
6294:
5877:
5135:
4919:
4788:
4765:
4494:
4420:
4288:
4263:
4236:
4107:
3825:
3716:
3673:
3335:
3282:
3148:
Mineral species that were named before the IMA was founded in 1958 do not have an IMA number.
1100:
984:. Most likely the type material for elbaite was found at Fonte del Prete, San Piero in Campo,
593:
489:
3609:
Another highly valuable variety is chrome tourmaline, a rare type of dravite tourmaline from
1723:
1355:
9309:
9180:
9016:
8732:
8666:
8593:
8231:
8092:
8002:
7908:
7442:
7354:
7320:
7174:
6900:
6204:
6033:
5987:
5907:
5709:
5348:
5125:
4972:
4879:
4626:
4444:
4380:
4228:
4002:
3855:
3759:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3410:
3360:
3298:
3205:
1863:
694:
528:
493:
478:
419:
308:
269:
262:
58:
9185:
9319:
8997:
8827:
8718:
8681:
8471:
8406:
8075:
8063:
8035:
7858:
7794:
7786:
7760:
7678:
7546:
7304:
7270:
7186:
7162:
7117:
6299:
6234:
6045:
6018:
5748:
5597:
5181:
5145:
5075:
4682:
4669:
4659:
4400:""Paraiba Tourmaline"-type Copper-bearing Tourmaline from Brazil, Nigeria, and Mozambique"
4399:
4190:
3944:
3209:
833:
731:
623:
563:
179:
4622:
4148:
3998:
3755:
9314:
8578:
8399:
7662:
7644:
7639:
7018:
6652:
6596:
6584:
6513:
6157:
6095:
5872:
5605:
5442:
5141:
4890:
4864:
4859:
4742:
4486:Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse
3373:
3290:
1221:
1202:
1156:
954:
918:
116:
69:
3541:
3364:
tourmaline colored by copper in contrast to magnetic blue tourmaline colored by iron.
3171:
Tri-chromatic elbaite crystals on quartz, Himalaya Mine, San Diego Co., California, US
9344:
8987:
8937:
8703:
8641:
7899:
7777:
7769:
7752:
6727:
6657:
6616:
6284:
6038:
6023:
5972:
5637:
5065:
5035:
5010:
4937:
4798:
4783:
3773:
3176:
885:
723:
481:
332:
300:
170:
128:
51:
4638:
4014:
891:
Dravite varieties include the deep green chromium dravite and the vanadium dravite.
405:
9304:
9242:
8812:
8626:
8563:
8380:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6694:
6647:
6477:
6423:
6209:
6090:
6050:
5942:
5683:
5669:
5665:
5652:
5503:
5248:
5015:
4980:
4942:
4574:
4203:
Gemstone Enhancement: Heat, Irradiation, Impregnation, Dyeing, and Other Treatments
3550:
3339:
3312:
383:
5161:
4554:
3849:
4478:
3521:, California. It is not clear when the first tourmaline was found in California.
1099:
The tourmaline mineral group is chemically one of the most complicated groups of
734:
were "Schurel", "Schörle", and "Schurl". Beginning in the 18th century, the name
9145:
9050:
8865:
6689:
6579:
6418:
6368:
6363:
6279:
6121:
5997:
5947:
5822:
5817:
5509:
5420:
5277:
5060:
5045:
4990:
4957:
4927:
4884:
4823:
4813:
4778:
3486:
3272:
Structure of a tourmaline crystal viewed looking along the c axis of the crystal
2759:
2263:
2175:
801:
719:
577:
Commonly encountered species and varieties of tourmaline include the following:
475:
380:
342:
143:
35:
4479:"Investigations on Olenite with Excess Boron from the Koralpe, Styria, Austria"
3787:
337:−0.018 to −0.040; typically about −0.020 but in dark stones it may reach −0.040
9140:
9126:
9116:
9072:
8982:
8927:
8917:
8389:
6468:
6343:
6256:
6224:
6214:
6116:
6065:
6002:
5977:
5852:
5657:
5631:
5389:
5151:
5093:
5083:
5030:
5000:
4962:
4932:
4900:
4849:
4833:
4694:
4675:
4575:"Origin of Color in Cuprian Elbaite from São José de Batalha, Paraíba, Brazil"
4535:"About the Nomenclature and the Type Locality of Elbaite: A Historical Review"
3697:
3602:
3558:
3466:
3462:
3308:
3132:
Named 'liddicoatite' in 1976; renamed to fluor-liddicoatite by the IMA in 2011
2939:
2851:
1080:
836:. Today this tourmaline locality (type locality for dravite) at Dobrova (near
797:
135:
4240:
3978:, Andreas Ertl, Barbara L. Dutrow, Pavel Uher, and Federico Pezzotta (2011).
9237:
9087:
9077:
9026:
9021:
8932:
6816:
6669:
6662:
6533:
6528:
6508:
6433:
6358:
6352:
6333:
6229:
6170:
6085:
5982:
5917:
5892:
5882:
5812:
5791:
5660:
5610:
5542:
5537:
5494:
5448:
5428:
5424:
5325:
5310:
5305:
5237:
5155:
5115:
5055:
5040:
5025:
5020:
5005:
4995:
4947:
4895:
4874:
4818:
4755:
4750:
4731:
3494:
3490:
3430:
3422:
3406:
3372:
Some tourmaline gems, especially pink to red colored stones, are altered by
3331:
3327:
3320:
3221:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1152:
837:
821:
813:
707:
543:
517:
505:
497:
4688:
3183:
crystal system. It occurs as long, slender to thick prismatic and columnar
950:
3286:
Two dark-green rectangular tourmaline stones and one oval tourmaline stone
3167:
9101:
9036:
8942:
6737:
6711:
6700:
6637:
6564:
6503:
6493:
6488:
6448:
6388:
6378:
6338:
6320:
6309:
6304:
6219:
6175:
6060:
6055:
5992:
5932:
5922:
5887:
5862:
5837:
5832:
5679:
5647:
5626:
5572:
5560:
5514:
5489:
5479:
5437:
5399:
5343:
5300:
5272:
5222:
5119:
5088:
5050:
4985:
4952:
4869:
4854:
4773:
4630:
4006:
3610:
3570:
3482:
3450:
3343:
3248:
View of single unit of tourmaline structure along the axis of the crystal
3197:
3180:
1819:
1237:
1230:
1198:
1190:
1186:
946:
841:
521:
3764:
3737:
9324:
8972:
8957:
8895:
6732:
6642:
6554:
6463:
6428:
6413:
6398:
6383:
6373:
6246:
6180:
6131:
6070:
5927:
5902:
5867:
5673:
5600:
5484:
5411:
5360:
5267:
5257:
5109:
4828:
4734:
4258:
Dana, James Dwight; Klien, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius Searle (1977).
3598:
3474:
3454:
3402:
3260:
View along a axis of three columns of tourmaline units forming a bundle
3189:
3184:
3154:
A revised nomenclature for the tourmaline group was published in 2011.
3141:
Named 'ferridravite' in 1979; renamed to povondraite by the IMA in 1990
2219:
1675:
1211:
1162:
1144:
997:
926:
914:
900:
857:
607:
513:
279:
4664:
4061:, October 2011, v. 7, p. (5): 307–312, doi:10.2113/gselements.7.5.307.
7493:
6632:
6538:
6498:
6473:
6408:
6393:
6289:
6274:
6269:
6185:
6136:
6126:
5842:
5807:
5592:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5432:
5416:
5315:
4700:
3578:
3574:
3470:
3446:
3442:
3418:
3414:
3217:
3193:
2895:
1227:
1148:
922:
817:
711:
668:
636:
555:
509:
6763:
4308:
Johnson, Paul Willard (Winter 1968–69). "Common Gems of San Diego".
1245:
The 41 minerals in the group (endmember formulas) recognized by the
388:
Pink stones; inert to very weak red to violet in long and short wave
3701:
738:
was mainly used in the German-speaking area. In English, the names
7478:
6611:
6601:
6591:
6574:
6569:
6559:
6518:
6348:
6328:
6264:
6196:
5937:
5912:
5857:
5532:
5499:
5405:
5395:
5354:
5282:
4905:
3588:
3554:
3540:
3510:
3498:
3458:
3384:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3236:
Oblique view of a single unit of the tourmaline crystal structure.
3166:
2983:
1215:
1090:
1001:
938:
904:
849:
825:
769:
693:
685:
615:
558:
gem tourmalines were brought to Europe in great quantities by the
485:
404:
3881:
7690:
6483:
6458:
6453:
6403:
6165:
5687:
5621:
5614:
5566:
5365:
5320:
5262:
5231:
Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated
4597:(3rd ed.). New York: Sterling Publishing. pp. 126–127.
4416:
Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World
3478:
1194:
1178:
1170:
989:
934:
690:
A single stark green fluorite isolated on top of schorl crystals
611:
501:
6767:
5764:
5195:
4704:
4180:
3302:
Tourmaline mineral, approximately 10 cm (3.9 in) tall
888:
content) with the endmember formula of dravite as known today.
4542:
Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft
4522:
Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft
4502:
Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft
4445:"Tourmaline: The gemstone Tourmaline information and pictures"
715:
455:
428:
3597:
In the late 1990s, copper-containing tourmaline was found in
1004:. In 1933 Winchell published an updated formula for elbaite,
746:
were used in the 18th century. In the 19th century the names
182:, sometimes radiating; massive; scattered grains (in granite)
5760:
5191:
3501:, where some placer material suitable for gem use is found.
3294:
Bi-chromatic tourmaline crystal, 0.8 inches (2 cm) long
1107:(solid solution), and its general formula can be written as
4048:
Erratum: American Mineralogist (2013), Volume 98, page 524.
3625:– experimented with the electrical properties of tourmaline
3323:; they change color when viewed from different directions.
434:
4515:"About the Type Locality and the Nomenclature of Dravite"
4433:
from the original on 2018-04-29 – via Google Books.
3818:
Erhart, Jiri; Kittinger, Erwin; Prívratská, Jana (2010).
440:
4672:
International Colored Gemstone Association on Tourmaline
3938:"Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group"
4495:"About the Etymology and the Type Localities of Schorl"
4106:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 303–304.
4691:, crystallographic and mineral information on elbaite
531:
467:
458:
449:
443:
4573:
Rossman, G. R.; Fritsch, E.; Shigley, J. E. (1991).
4555:"Role of Natural Radiation in Tourmaline Coloration"
3980:"Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals"
452:
437:
425:
9220:
9154:
8856:
8375:
6801:
6682:
6625:
6547:
6318:
6255:
6194:
6156:
6149:
6109:
6011:
5965:
5958:
5798:
5697:
5585:
5523:
5470:
5461:
5374:
5334:
5291:
5246:
5236:
5102:
5074:
4971:
4918:
4842:
4806:
4797:
4764:
4741:
4369:
4367:
3964:, 2021, v. 85, p. 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43.
3200:. An exception was the fine dravite tourmalines of
909:
Elbaite with quartz and lepidolite on cleavelandite
431:
422:
392:
379:
369:
341:
331:
307:
296:
288:
278:
268:
252:
242:
232:
219:
209:
196:
186:
169:
160:
155:
142:
127:
115:
105:
57:
47:
42:
28:
3960:Warr, L.N. "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols."
4477:Ertl, A.; Pertlik, F.; Bernhardt, H.-J. (1997).
3441:Gem and specimen tourmaline is mined chiefly in
8390:Hemolithin (extraterrestrial protein)
4071:Hamburger, Gabrielle E.; Buerger, M.J. (1948).
4285:Exploring and Mining Gems and Gold in the West
762:were the English words used for this mineral.
6779:
5776:
5207:
4716:
3908:"Tourmaline Information – Gemstone Education"
3330:and were initially very pale. Due to natural
884:, which is in good agreement (except for the
8:
4419:. University of Chicago Press. p. 152.
4034:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
1039:, which is commonly used to date written as
820:-rich) tourmaline from village Dobrova near
592:Dravite species (from the Drave district of
4334:
4332:
4233:10.1306/74D70CE5-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D
3893:
3891:
3867:
3865:
1103:. Its composition varies widely because of
6786:
6772:
6764:
6153:
5962:
5783:
5769:
5761:
5731:
5467:
5243:
5214:
5200:
5192:
4803:
4723:
4709:
4701:
3936:Hawthorne, F.C. & Henry, D.J. (1999).
917:was one of three pegmatitic minerals from
4413:Augustyn, Allison; Grande, Lance (2009).
3854:. New York: Harper and Brothers. p.
3763:
2487:
1583:
702:The most common species of tourmaline is
9330:Environmentally friendly red light flare
7079:
7075:
7065:
7061:
7051:
7047:
7037:
6971:
4676:Farlang historical tourmaline references
1243:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
980:
976:
972:
968:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
359:Brown: definite; dark brown, light brown
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
73:
4553:Reinitz, I. M.; Rossman, G. R. (1988).
3640:
3226:
3125:
1247:International Mineralogical Association
356:Green: strong; dark green, yellow-green
9233:Heteroatom-promoted lateral lithiation
4384:. Canwest News Service. Archived from
4352:from the original on 26 September 2014
4262:(19th ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
4027:
3714:
25:
4388:on 2013-04-02 – via canada.com.
3800:from the original on October 16, 2021
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
7:
3738:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
610:species (named after the island of
524:comes in a wide variety of colors.
409:Main tourmaline producing countries
362:Blue: strong; dark blue, light blue
3593:Paraiba tourmaline from Mozambique
925:, in which the new alkali element
353:Red: definite; dark red, light red
14:
4685:US localities, antique references
3569:Enterprises, it was presented in
943:Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg
5742:
5730:
5175:
4340:"Largest cut Paraiba Tourmaline"
4247:from the original on 2018-01-04.
4024:from the original on 2012-03-26.
3670:Gemological Institute of America
3433:for highly weathered sediments.
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3175:Tourmaline is a six-member ring
418:
34:
5344:Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires
4488:. Abt. I (134). Anzeiger: 3–10.
4455:from the original on 2017-10-16
4374:King, Mike (October 17, 2009).
4221:Journal of Sedimentary Research
3974:Darrell J. Henry, Milan Novák,
3561:, but the neighboring state of
3319:. Some forms of tourmaline are
929:(Li) was determined in 1818 by
792:was used for the first time by
4215:Hubert, John F. (1962-09-01).
3949:European Journal of Mineralogy
774:Black dravite on a grey matrix
599:Dark yellow to brownish-black—
1:
9320:Magnesium–lithium alloys
4073:"The structure of tourmaline"
527:The name is derived from the
5736:List of gemstones by species
5705:List of individual gemstones
5366:Precious White and Fire Opal
4171:Reinitz & Rossman, 1988.
3028:Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite
350:Typically moderate to strong
238:Vitreous, sometimes resinous
9381:Minerals in space group 160
8989:Lithiophilite LiMnPO
4695:Tourmaline History and Lore
4376:"Giant jewel breaks record"
3882:"What is Tourmaline? – GIA"
718:mine where, in addition to
630:Light blue to bluish-green—
532:
21:Tourmaline (disambiguation)
16:Cyclosilicate mineral group
9407:
4104:Introduction to mineralogy
4102:Nesse, William D. (2000).
3721:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1492:Chromo-alumino-povondraite
898:
796:(1836–1927), Professor of
661:
18:
9089:Spodumene LiAl(SiO
8999:Lithiophosphate Li
8919:Eucryptite LiAlSiO
6720:
5728:
5720:List of sapphires by size
5229:
5171:
4653:Tourmaline classification
4593:Schumann, Walter (2006).
4471:General and cited sources
537:
133:Ditrigonal pyramidal (3m)
33:
9228:Aluminium–lithium alloys
9118:Triphylite LiFePO
9052:Pezzottaite Cs(Be
5715:List of emeralds by size
4205:, Butterworth Publishers
1256:Ideal Endmember Formula
812:(published in 1884) for
810:Lehrbuch der Mineralogie
584:Brownish-black to black—
560:Dutch East India Company
175:Parallel and elongated;
8944:Jadarite LiNaSiB
6285:Nickel silver (alpacca)
4689:Webmineral elbaite page
4665:Mindat tourmaline group
4283:Rynerson, Fred (1977).
4153:Encyclopedia Britannica
3851:A Textbook on chemistry
3824:. Springer. p. 4.
3666:GIA Gem Reference Guide
3401:Tourmaline is found in
3397:Video of tourmaline ore
1105:isomorphous replacement
834:Austro-Hungarian Empire
542:), which refers to the
9038:Petalite LiAlSi
8959:Keatite Li(AlSi
8395:Organolithium reagents
4595:Gemstones of the World
4345:Guinness World Records
4183:Magnetism in Gemstones
4149:"Tourmaline | mineral"
3962:Mineralogical Magazine
3743:Mineralogical Magazine
3594:
3581:, on 14 October 2009.
3546:
3477:. It is also mined in
3398:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3172:
1312:Alumino-oxy-rossmanite
1096:
931:Johan August Arfwedson
910:
775:
699:
691:
410:
6626:Other natural objects
5283:Natural marine pearls
4670:ICA's tourmaline page
4611:American Mineralogist
4582:American Mineralogist
4562:American Mineralogist
4077:American Mineralogist
3987:American Mineralogist
3592:
3544:
3429:, and is part of the
3396:
3317:Cincinnati Art Museum
3301:
3293:
3285:
3170:
1207:Z = Mg, Al, Fe, Cr, V
1094:
913:A lithium-tourmaline
908:
773:
698:Schorl, magnified 10×
697:
689:
573:Species and varieties
471:-mə-lin, -leen
408:
9128:Zabuyelite Li
6101:Wire wrapped jewelry
6081:Repoussé and chasing
5402:, pink, yellow-green
4631:10.2138/am.2011.3636
4326:Rossman et al. 1991.
4260:Manual of Mineralogy
4201:Kurt Nassau (1984),
4007:10.2138/am.2011.3636
3846:Draper, John William
3736:Warr, L. N. (2021).
3515:Empress Dowager Cixi
2712:Oxy-vanadium-dravite
2532:Oxy-chromium-dravite
1087:Chemical composition
933:for the first time.
842:Republic of Slovenia
840:), is a part of the
806:University of Vienna
19:For other uses, see
6643:Ebonite (vulcanite)
5749:Minerals portal
5321:Precious Black Opal
5182:Minerals portal
4623:2011AmMin..96..895H
3999:2011AmMin..96..895H
3793:Oxford Dictionaries
3765:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
3756:2021MinM...85..291W
3563:Rio Grande do Norte
3158:Physical properties
3076:Vanadio-oxy-dravite
2400:Magnesio-lucchesite
1249:
994:Province of Livorno
621:Red or pinkish-red—
303:, uniaxial negative
9376:Manganese minerals
9351:Aluminium minerals
9248:Lithium medication
8906:Fluor-liddicoatite
8822: Vinyllithium
5988:Jewellery designer
5571:Opaque iridescent
5462:Jewelry-Industrial
5408:yellow, blue, pink
4681:2010-04-18 at the
4658:2010-07-17 at the
4189:2013-12-03 at the
3976:Frank C. Hawthorne
3951:, 11, pp. 201–215.
3943:2007-10-16 at the
3595:
3547:
3445:and many parts of
3399:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3173:
2308:Magnesio-dutrowite
2000:Fluor-liddicoatite
1244:
1097:
961:proposed the name
959:Vladimir Vernadsky
911:
776:
728:Johannes Mathesius
700:
692:
675: 'colorless')
654:variety (from
411:
394:Absorption spectra
297:Optical properties
9391:Trigonal minerals
9338:
9337:
6795:Lithium compounds
6761:
6760:
6678:
6677:
6548:Organic gemstones
6145:
6144:
5758:
5757:
5586:Industrial stones
5581:
5580:
5457:
5456:
5189:
5188:
4914:
4913:
4789:Manganoan calcite
4533:Ertl, A. (2008).
4513:Ertl, A. (2007).
4493:Ertl, A. (2006).
4310:Gems and Gemology
3394:
3336:radioactive decay
3163:Crystal structure
3122:
3121:
1101:silicate minerals
1083:, United States.
726:) was written by
554:Brightly colored
403:
402:
301:Double-refractive
72:)(Al,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn)
9398:
9371:Lithium minerals
9310:Lithium Triangle
9221:Other Li-related
9136:
9122:
9097:
9068:
9046:
9017:Manganoneptunite
9007:
8993:
8968:
8953:
8923:
8901:Fluorine Elbaite
8848:
8846:
8845:
8837:
8836:
8823:
8808:
8793:
8779:
8768:
8750:
8728:
8714:
8699:
8677:
8662:
8648:
8637:
8622:
8607:
8589:
8574:
8559:
8541:
8522:
8504:
8489:
8467:
8453:
8431:
8413:
8355:
8290:
8275:
8257:
7813:
7720:
7489:
7405:
7332:
7129:
7105:
7082:
7068:
7054:
7040:
7014:
7000:
6974:
6896:
6866:
6856:
6830:
6810:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6765:
6205:Britannia silver
6154:
5963:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5762:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5734:
5733:
5710:List of diamonds
5468:
5244:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5193:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5126:Manganese nodule
4880:Manganotantalite
4804:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4702:
4642:
4617:(5–6): 895–913.
4598:
4589:
4579:
4569:
4559:
4549:
4539:
4529:
4519:
4509:
4499:
4489:
4483:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4381:Montreal Gazette
4371:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4336:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4212:
4206:
4199:
4193:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4025:
4023:
3993:(5–6): 895–913.
3984:
3971:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3767:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3720:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3700:. Archived from
3690:
3684:
3683:
3662:
3531:San Diego County
3527:Pala, California
3523:Native Americans
3519:San Diego County
3395:
3361:neodymium magnet
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3208:, and are often
3142:
3139:
3133:
3130:
2356:Magnesio-foitite
2132:Fluor-tsilaisite
2044:Fluor-rossmanite
1864:Fluor-buergerite
1448:Chromium-dravite
1250:
1138:
1077:San Diego County
1074:
1038:
983:
883:
794:Gustav Tschermak
783:brown tourmaline
672:
665:
541:
535:
470:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
454:
451:
446:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
309:Refractive index
270:Specific gravity
225:
101:
64:
63:(repeating unit)
38:
26:
9406:
9405:
9401:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9395:
9386:Sodium minerals
9341:
9340:
9339:
9334:
9300:
9296:
9290:
9284:
9274:
9270:
9264:
9258:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9197:
9189:
9171:
9167:
9150:
9135:
9131:
9127:
9121:
9117:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9051:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9006:
9002:
8998:
8992:
8988:
8966:
8962:
8958:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8922:
8918:
8891:Darrellhenryite
8852:
8844:
8841:
8840:
8839:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8792:
8788:
8784:
8777:
8773:
8767:
8763:
8759:
8755:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8733:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8712:
8708:
8704:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8646:
8642:
8635:
8631:
8627:
8620:
8616:
8612:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8572:
8568:
8564:
8558:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8521:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8488:
8484:
8480:
8476:
8472:
8466:
8462:
8458:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8411:
8407:
8371:
8367:
8363:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8335:Neodymium-doped
8330:
8322:
8318:
8310:
8306:
8302:
8298:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8239:
8235:
8227:
8223:
8215:
8211:
8203:
8194:
8186:
8178:
8174:
8170:
8162:
8158:
8150:
8146:
8138:
8134:
8121:
8117:
8109:
8105:
8096:
8083:
8079:
8071:
8067:
8058:
8039:
8031:
8027:
8019:
8015:
8006:
7998:
7994:
7986:
7982:
7974:
7970:
7962:
7958:
7950:
7946:
7938:
7929:
7916:
7912:
7903:
7895:
7887:
7874:
7870:
7862:
7854:
7846:
7842:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7798:
7790:
7781:
7773:
7764:
7756:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7732:
7728:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7686:
7682:
7674:
7666:
7658:
7635:
7627:
7619:
7615:
7607:
7603:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7579:
7571:
7567:
7559:
7555:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7526:
7522:
7514:
7510:
7502:
7488:
7484:
7473:
7469:
7460:
7451:
7433:
7429:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7391:
7386:
7382:
7374:
7366:
7358:
7350:
7330:
7326:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7300:
7296:
7283:
7279:
7265:
7261:
7252:
7244:
7235:
7231:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7190:
7182:
7178:
7170:
7166:
7158:
7150:
7142:
7127:
7123:
7113:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7039:
7035:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7013:
7009:
7005:
6999:
6995:
6990:
6982:
6973:
6969:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6931:
6921:
6917:
6909:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6874:
6865:
6861:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6825:
6820:
6806:
6797:
6792:
6762:
6757:
6716:
6674:
6663:Spondylus shell
6621:
6543:
6314:
6300:Stainless steel
6251:
6235:Sterling silver
6195:Precious metal
6190:
6158:Precious metals
6141:
6105:
6007:
5954:
5794:
5789:
5759:
5754:
5743:
5741:
5724:
5693:
5577:
5519:
5463:
5453:
5370:
5330:
5287:
5232:
5225:
5220:
5190:
5185:
5176:
5174:
5167:
5098:
5070:
4967:
4910:
4838:
4793:
4760:
4737:
4729:
4683:Wayback Machine
4660:Wayback Machine
4649:
4608:
4605:
4603:Further reading
4592:
4577:
4572:
4557:
4552:
4537:
4532:
4517:
4512:
4497:
4492:
4481:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4458:
4456:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4427:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4373:
4372:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4287:. Naturegraph.
4282:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4191:Wayback Machine
4179:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4133:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4083:(9–10): 532–540
4070:
4069:
4065:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4026:
4021:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3945:Wayback Machine
3935:
3931:
3926:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3889:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3863:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3803:
3801:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3664:
3663:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3623:Benjamin Wilson
3619:
3587:
3539:
3507:
3439:
3385:
3383:
3370:
3352:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3261:
3258:
3249:
3246:
3237:
3234:
3165:
3160:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:Darrellhenryite
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1089:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
986:Campo nell'Elba
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
903:
897:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
768:
760:iron tourmaline
732:German language
684:
581:Schorl species
575:
552:
468:
448:
421:
417:
365:
326:
320:
318:
223:
134:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:
75:
67:
62:
61:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9404:
9402:
9394:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9356:Cyclosilicates
9353:
9343:
9342:
9336:
9335:
9333:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9315:Lucifer yellow
9312:
9307:
9302:
9298:
9292:
9286:
9280:
9276:
9272:
9266:
9260:
9254:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9224:
9222:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9210:
9206:
9202:
9199:
9195:
9191:
9187:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9160:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9061:
9057:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8964:
8960:
8955:
8949:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8881:Cryolithionite
8878:
8873:
8868:
8862:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8842:
8833:
8825:
8819:
8815:
8810:
8804:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8786:
8781:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8761:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8721:
8716:
8710:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8679:
8673:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8655:
8650:
8644:
8639:
8633:
8629:
8624:
8618:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8600:
8596:
8591:
8585:
8581:
8576:
8570:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8552:
8548:
8543:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8506:
8500:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8482:
8478:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8424:
8420:
8415:
8409:
8404:
8403:
8402:
8400:Gilman reagent
8392:
8386:
8384:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8365:
8361:
8357:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8286:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8111:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8094:
8090:
8085:
8081:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8061:
8056:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7927:
7923:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7856:
7852:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7809:
7805:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7762:
7758:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7722:
7717:
7713:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7458:
7454:
7449:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7407:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7131:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7084:
7070:
7056:
7042:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7011:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6818:
6813:
6811:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6783:
6776:
6768:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6724:Related topics
6721:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6666:
6665:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6325:
6323:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6201:
6199:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6096:Wire sculpture
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6021:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5804:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5765:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5677:
5663:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5624:
5618:
5608:
5606:Petrified wood
5603:
5595:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5558:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5393:
5392:, polychromous
5387:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5241:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5196:
5187:
5186:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5159:
5149:
5142:Zincobotryogen
5139:
5129:
5123:
5113:
5112:(borosilicate)
5106:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4887:(calvonigrite)
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4865:Ferrotantalite
4862:
4860:Ferrocolumbite
4857:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4673:
4667:
4662:
4648:
4647:External links
4645:
4644:
4643:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4590:
4570:
4550:
4530:
4510:
4490:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4436:
4426:978-0226305110
4425:
4405:
4391:
4363:
4328:
4319:
4300:
4293:
4275:
4268:
4250:
4207:
4194:
4173:
4164:
4140:
4119:
4112:
4094:
4063:
4050:
4041:
3966:
3953:
3929:
3913:
3899:
3887:
3873:
3861:
3837:
3830:
3810:
3779:
3750:(3): 291–320.
3728:
3685:
3678:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3615:
3586:
3583:
3538:
3535:
3506:
3503:
3493:as well as in
3438:
3435:
3413:rocks such as
3382:
3379:
3374:heat treatment
3369:
3366:
3351:
3348:
3334:exposure from
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3228:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3144:
3143:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:Princivalleite
2804:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1208:
1205:
1159:
1088:
1085:
955:Czech Republic
899:Main article:
896:
893:
808:, in his book
784:
781:, also called
780:
767:
764:
705:
683:
680:
679:
678:
677:
676:
653:
648:
646:
641:
634:variety (from
633:
628:
626:
605:
604:
603:
602:
590:
589:
588:
587:
574:
571:
551:
548:
401:
400:
396:
390:
389:
386:
377:
376:
373:
367:
366:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
347:
345:
339:
338:
335:
329:
328:
324:
316:
311:
305:
304:
298:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
282:
276:
275:
274:3.06+0.20–0.06
272:
266:
265:
256:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
217:
216:
213:
207:
206:
202:Uneven, small
200:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
173:
167:
166:
162:
158:
157:
156:Identification
153:
152:
146:
140:
139:
131:
125:
124:
119:
117:Crystal system
113:
112:
109:
103:
102:
65:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9403:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9366:Iron minerals
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9295:
9289:
9283:
9277:
9275:
9269:
9263:
9257:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9225:
9223:
9219:
9200:
9198:
9192:
9190:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9157:
9153:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9125:
9123:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9049:
9047:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
8996:
8994:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8956:
8954:
8941:
8939:
8938:Hsianghualite
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8855:
8849:
8826:
8824:
8811:
8809:
8796:
8794:
8782:
8780:
8771:
8769:
8753:
8751:
8731:
8729:
8717:
8715:
8702:
8700:
8680:
8678:
8665:
8663:
8651:
8649:
8640:
8638:
8625:
8623:
8610:
8608:
8592:
8590:
8577:
8575:
8562:
8560:
8544:
8542:
8525:
8523:
8507:
8505:
8492:
8490:
8470:
8468:
8456:
8454:
8434:
8432:
8416:
8414:
8405:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8378:
8374:
8368:
8358:
8356:
8340:
8336:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8325:
8323:
8313:
8311:
8293:
8291:
8278:
8276:
8260:
8258:
8242:
8240:
8230:
8228:
8218:
8216:
8206:
8204:
8198:
8196:
8189:
8187:
8181:
8179:
8165:
8163:
8153:
8151:
8141:
8139:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8112:
8110:
8100:
8098:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8074:
8072:
8062:
8060:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8034:
8032:
8022:
8020:
8010:
8008:
8001:
7999:
7989:
7987:
7977:
7975:
7965:
7963:
7953:
7951:
7941:
7939:
7933:
7931:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7907:
7905:
7898:
7896:
7890:
7888:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7865:
7863:
7857:
7855:
7849:
7847:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7816:
7814:
7801:
7799:
7793:
7791:
7785:
7783:
7776:
7774:
7768:
7766:
7759:
7757:
7751:
7749:
7735:
7733:
7723:
7721:
7709:
7707:
7689:
7687:
7677:
7675:
7669:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7630:
7628:
7622:
7620:
7610:
7608:
7598:
7596:
7582:
7580:
7574:
7572:
7562:
7560:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7529:
7527:
7517:
7515:
7505:
7503:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7464:
7462:
7455:
7453:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7424:
7422:
7408:
7406:
7389:
7387:
7377:
7375:
7369:
7367:
7361:
7359:
7353:
7351:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7303:
7301:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7256:
7254:
7247:
7245:
7239:
7237:
7226:
7224:
7210:
7208:
7194:
7192:
7185:
7183:
7173:
7171:
7161:
7159:
7153:
7151:
7145:
7143:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7108:
7106:
7085:
7083:
7071:
7069:
7057:
7055:
7043:
7041:
7033:
7031:
7017:
7015:
7003:
7001:
6993:
6991:
6985:
6983:
6977:
6975:
6967:
6965:
6951:
6949:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6912:
6910:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6877:
6875:
6869:
6867:
6859:
6857:
6833:
6831:
6823:
6821:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6789:
6784:
6782:
6777:
6775:
6770:
6769:
6766:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6728:Body piercing
6726:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6671:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6617:Tortoiseshell
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6193:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5973:Bench jeweler
5971:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5786:
5781:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5751:
5750:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5727:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5574:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5460:
5450:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5301:Pink sapphire
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5273:Blue Sapphire
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5184:
5183:
5170:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5066:Zircophyllite
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5036:Pyroxferroite
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:Glaucochroite
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:Lithiophilite
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Rhodochrosite
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4301:
4296:
4294:9780911010602
4290:
4286:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4269:9780471032885
4265:
4261:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4113:9780195106916
4109:
4105:
4098:
4095:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3831:9783540684275
3827:
3823:
3822:
3814:
3811:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3704:on 2005-12-28
3703:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3679:0-87311-019-6
3675:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3591:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3543:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:United States
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3481:, notably in
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3277:
3268:
3263:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:piezoelectric
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3177:cyclosilicate
3169:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3117:
3114:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3018:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1955:
1953:
1952:Fluor-elbaite
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1911:
1909:
1908:Fluor-dravite
1906:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1775:
1773:
1772:Ferro-bosiite
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:Species Name
1252:
1251:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
907:
902:
894:
892:
889:
887:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:Unterdrauburg
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
782:
778:
772:
765:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:common schorl
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:Ore Mountains
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
696:
688:
681:
674:
671:
664:
660:
657:
656:Ancient Greek
651:
649:
644:
642:
639:
638:
631:
629:
625:
622:
620:
619:
617:
613:
609:
606:
600:
598:
597:
595:
591:
585:
583:
582:
580:
579:
578:
572:
570:
567:
565:
561:
557:
549:
547:
545:
540:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:mineral group
480:
477:
473:
472:
463:
415:
407:
397:
395:
391:
387:
385:
382:
378:
374:
372:
368:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:
346:
344:
340:
336:
334:
333:Birefringence
330:
327:= 1.610–1.650
323:
319:= 1.635–1.675
315:
312:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
289:Polish luster
287:
283:
281:
277:
273:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
212:
208:
205:
201:
199:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
172:
171:Crystal habit
168:
163:
159:
154:
150:
147:
145:
141:
137:
132:
130:
129:Crystal class
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
71:
66:
60:
56:
53:
52:Cyclosilicate
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
9305:Lithium soap
9293:
9287:
9281:
9267:
9261:
9255:
9243:Lithium atom
9156:Hypothetical
9111:
8871:Berezanskite
6753:Wearable art
6748:Phaleristics
6743:Metalworking
6648:Gutta-percha
6523:
6424:Lapis lazuli
6210:Colored gold
6091:Stonesetting
5740:
5684:Pyrophyllite
5653:Serpentinite
5634:(green mica)
5524:
5504:Baltic amber
5471:
5383:
5375:
5335:
5292:
5247:
5173:
5016:Jeffersonite
4981:Babingtonite
4943:Natrophilite
4614:
4610:
4594:
4588:: 1479–1484.
4585:
4581:
4565:
4561:
4545:
4541:
4525:
4521:
4505:
4501:
4485:
4457:. Retrieved
4449:minerals.net
4448:
4439:
4415:
4408:
4394:
4386:the original
4379:
4354:. Retrieved
4343:
4322:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4284:
4278:
4259:
4253:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4202:
4197:
4182:
4176:
4167:
4156:. Retrieved
4152:
4143:
4132:. Retrieved
4130:. 2022-01-19
4122:
4103:
4097:
4085:. Retrieved
4080:
4076:
4066:
4058:
4053:
4044:
4030:cite journal
3990:
3986:
3969:
3961:
3956:
3948:
3932:
3902:
3876:
3850:
3840:
3820:
3813:
3802:. Retrieved
3791:
3788:"tourmaline"
3782:
3747:
3741:
3731:
3706:. Retrieved
3702:the original
3694:"Tourmaline"
3688:
3665:
3608:
3596:
3567:
3551:Minas Gerais
3548:
3508:
3449:, including
3440:
3427:conglomerate
3405:and granite
3400:
3371:
3357:
3353:
3325:
3313:Andrew Grima
3305:
3214:
3210:pyroelectric
3202:Yinnietharra
3174:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3137:
3128:
2088:Fluor-schorl
1098:
962:
912:
890:
853:
845:
828:river area,
809:
789:
787:
777:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
701:
669:
666:
659:
635:
576:
568:
566:properties.
564:pyroelectric
553:
526:
413:
412:
384:fluorescence
321:
313:
148:
76:(Al,Cr,Fe,V)
9146:Zinnwaldite
9012:Manandonite
8978:Lavinskyite
8886:Darapiosite
8876:Brannockite
8866:Amblygonite
7191:CH(OH)COOLi
6690:Art jewelry
6514:Tiger's eye
6419:Labradorite
6369:Chrysocolla
6364:Chrysoberyl
6280:Mokume-gane
6257:Base metals
6029:centrifugal
5998:Silversmith
5873:Ferronnière
5823:Belt buckle
5818:Belly chain
5666:Ophicalcite
5547:Colorless,
5510:Chrysoprase
5421:Spessartine
5386:– Verdelite
5278:Alexandrite
5164:(tungstate)
5061:Zakharovite
5046:Spessartine
4991:Brownleeite
4958:Triploidite
4928:Childrenite
4891:Romanèchite
4885:Psilomelane
4824:Manganosite
4814:Hausmannite
4779:Kutnohorite
4181:Kirk Feral
4087:15 February
3927:Ertl, 2008.
3897:Ertl, 2007.
3871:Ertl, 2006.
3487:Afghanistan
3411:metamorphic
2760:Povondraite
2624:Oxy-foitite
2580:Oxy-dravite
2444:Maruyamaite
2264:Lucchesiite
2176:Fluor-uvite
1259:IMA Number
1222:▢ = vacancy
1203:▢ = vacancy
1157:▢ = vacancy
957:. In 1914,
935:Elba Island
816:-rich (and
802:Petrography
720:cassiterite
546:gemstones.
476:crystalline
381:Ultraviolet
343:Pleochroism
259:Translucent
254:Diaphaneity
144:Space group
9345:Categories
9194:(HeO)(LiF)
9141:Zektzerite
9112:Tourmaline
9083:Sogdianite
9073:Rossmanite
8983:Lepidolite
8928:Faizievite
8913:Emeleusite
6524:Tourmaline
6469:Prasiolite
6344:Aventurine
6215:Crown gold
6117:Draw plate
6066:Metal clay
6003:Watchmaker
5993:Lapidarist
5978:Clockmaker
5853:Collar pin
5848:Chatelaine
5670:Serpentine
5658:Aventurine
5632:Listwanite
5423:(malaya),
5390:Indicolite
5384:Tourmaline
5357:(Imperial)
5349:Aquamarine
5152:Wolframite
5094:Rambergite
5084:Alabandite
5031:Piemontite
5001:Chloritoid
4963:Zanazziite
4933:Graftonite
4920:Phosphates
4901:Todorokite
4850:Birnessite
4834:Pyrolusite
4766:Carbonates
4697:at GIA.edu
4568:: 822–825.
4528:: 265–271.
4459:2018-01-04
4158:2021-06-03
4134:2022-01-27
3804:2021-03-19
3708:2005-09-12
3698:Mindat.org
3630:References
3603:Mozambique
3467:Mozambique
3463:Madagascar
3437:Localities
3407:pegmatites
3368:Treatments
3309:watermelon
2940:Tsilaisite
2852:Rossmanite
2668:Oxy-schorl
1404:Celleriite
1081:California
967:(Li,Na)HAl
945:described
798:Mineralogy
650:Colorless—
632:indicolite
490:compounded
414:Tourmaline
371:Dispersion
221:Mohs scale
204:conchoidal
192:Indistinct
136:H-M symbol
107:IMA symbol
68:(Ca,K,Na,
29:Tourmaline
9361:Gemstones
9238:LB buffer
9107:Tiptopite
9078:Saliotite
9027:Neptunite
9022:Nambulite
8933:Hectorite
6803:Inorganic
6670:Toadstone
6607:Operculum
6534:Variscite
6529:Turquoise
6509:Tanzanite
6444:Moonstone
6439:Marcasite
6434:Malachite
6359:Carnelian
6334:Amazonite
6321:gemstones
6295:Pinchbeck
6240:Argentium
6230:Shibuichi
6171:Palladium
6150:Materials
6086:Soldering
6076:Polishing
6051:Engraving
6046:Enameling
6012:Processes
5983:Goldsmith
5918:Tie chain
5893:Neck ring
5883:Lapel pin
5792:Jewellery
5661:quartzite
5613:(Porouse
5611:Cacholong
5573:feldspars
5543:Rhodonite
5538:Amazonite
5525:2nd order
5495:Malachite
5472:1st order
5449:Turquoise
5429:Almandine
5425:Rhodolite
5376:4th order
5336:3rd order
5326:Tanzanite
5311:Tsavorite
5306:Demantoid
5293:2nd order
5249:1st order
5223:Gemstones
5162:Hübnerite
5156:tungstate
5136:sulfosalt
5132:Samsonite
5128:(various)
5116:Geigerite
5056:Tephroite
5041:Rhodonite
5026:Ottrelite
5021:Knebelite
5006:Eudialyte
4996:Calderite
4973:Silicates
4948:Purpurite
4896:Tantalite
4875:Jacobsite
4819:Manganite
4756:Tusionite
4751:Sussexite
4732:Manganese
4241:1527-1404
3774:235729616
3635:Citations
3495:Sri Lanka
3491:Indonesia
3431:ZTR index
3423:sandstone
3350:Magnetism
3342:in their
3332:gamma ray
3222:unit cell
3212:as well.
3179:having a
3115:2012-074
3067:2012-034
3019:2000-030
2975:2011-047
2931:- 1505 -
2887:1996-018
2843:2020-056
2751:1999-050
2703:2011-011
2659:2016-069
2615:2012-004
2571:2011-097
2523:1985-006
2479:2013-123
2435:2019-025
2391:1998-037
2347:2023-015
2299:2015-043
2255:1992-034
2211:- 1930 -
2167:2012-044
2123:2010-067
2079:2023-111
2035:1976-041
1991:2011-071
1943:2009-089
1899:1965-005
1855:1987-057
1811:2022-069
1763:2023-086
1715:- 1913 -
1667:2019-082
1628:Dutrowite
1619:- 1884 -
1575:2012-026
1531:2013-089
1483:1982-055
1439:2019-089
1395:2014-094
1347:2020-008
1303:2012-101
1268:Adachiite
1139:, where:
838:Dravograd
830:Carinthia
814:magnesium
788:The name
708:Zschorlau
645:verdelite
624:rubellite
594:Carinthia
556:Ceylonese
544:carnelian
533:tōramalli
529:Sinhalese
518:potassium
506:magnesium
498:aluminium
484:in which
284:2.82–3.32
151:(no. 160)
89:(Si,Al,B)
9102:Sugilite
9032:Olympite
8858:Minerals
8459:LiN(SiMe
6738:Gemology
6712:Fineness
6703:(purity)
6638:Bog-wood
6585:Precious
6565:Ammolite
6504:Sunstone
6494:Sodalite
6489:Sapphire
6449:Obsidian
6389:Fluorite
6379:Diopside
6339:Amethyst
6319:Mineral
6310:Tungsten
6305:Titanium
6220:Electrum
6176:Platinum
6061:Kazaziye
6056:Filigree
6034:lost-wax
5933:Toe ring
5923:Tie clip
5898:Pectoral
5888:Necklace
5863:Cufflink
5838:Bracelet
5833:Bolo tie
5813:Barrette
5680:Pagodite
5648:Fluorite
5643:Selenite
5627:Obsidian
5561:Hematite
5515:Charoite
5490:Nephrite
5480:Lazurite
5438:Amethyst
5400:Heliodor
5120:arsenate
5089:Hauerite
5076:Sulfides
5051:Sugilite
4986:Braunite
4953:Triplite
4870:Galaxite
4855:Bixbyite
4774:Ankerite
4735:minerals
4679:Archived
4656:Archived
4639:38696645
4548:: 35–44.
4453:Archived
4431:Archived
4356:29 April
4350:Archived
4348:. 2014.
4245:Archived
4187:Archived
4059:Elements
4019:Archived
4015:38696645
3941:Archived
3848:(1861).
3798:Archived
3717:cite web
3672:. 1995.
3617:See also
3611:Tanzania
3571:Montreal
3483:Pakistan
3451:Tanzania
3344:granitic
3321:dichroic
3198:euhedral
3185:crystals
3181:trigonal
1820:Feruvite
1236:W = OH,
992:Island,
947:fluorine
670:ákhrōmos
652:achroite
539:ටෝරමල්ලි
522:gemstone
496:such as
494:elements
479:silicate
399:spectrum
292:Vitreous
224:hardness
211:Tenacity
198:Fracture
188:Cleavage
177:acicular
122:Trigonal
48:Category
9325:NASICON
8973:Kunzite
8896:Elbaite
8785:LiOC(CH
8379: (
8377:Organic
7124:LiBr·2H
6733:Fashion
6707:Finding
6555:Abalone
6464:Peridot
6429:Larimar
6414:Kyanite
6399:Howlite
6384:Emerald
6374:Diamond
6247:Tumbaga
6225:Shakudō
6181:Rhodium
6132:Mandrel
6071:Plating
6024:Casting
6019:Carving
5928:Tie pin
5903:Pendant
5878:Genital
5868:Earring
5698:Related
5674:Calcite
5620:Marble
5601:granite
5598:Graphic
5565:Common
5485:Jadeite
5443:Citrine
5417:Garnets
5412:Peridot
5361:Elbaite
5353:Orange
5268:Emerald
5258:Diamond
5238:Jewelry
5146:sulfate
5110:Axinite
4829:Nsutite
4743:Borates
4619:Bibcode
4508:: 7–16.
3995:Bibcode
3752:Bibcode
3599:Nigeria
3559:Paraíba
3475:Namibia
3455:Nigeria
3409:and in
3403:granite
3381:Geology
3192:called
3190:granite
3070:Vocdrv
2488:Olenite
2220:Foitite
1724:Ertlite
1676:Elbaite
1584:Dravite
1356:Bosiite
1262:Symbol
1220:B = B,
1095:Elbaite
1061:[Si
998:Tuscany
927:lithium
915:elbaite
901:Elbaite
895:Elbaite
866:(Al,Mg)
858:Austria
824:in the
804:at the
790:dravite
779:Dravite
766:Dravite
663:άχρωμος
647:variety
627:variety
608:Elbaite
601:dravite
550:History
520:. This
514:lithium
474:) is a
280:Density
228:7.0–7.5
215:Brittle
59:Formula
43:General
9181:LiFHeO
8599:CHLiCH
7851:LiNaNO
7494:FLiNaK
7485:LiFePO
7327:LiCl·H
6826:LiAlCl
6808:(list)
6805:
6697:(mass)
6633:Bezoar
6539:Zircon
6499:Spinel
6474:Quartz
6409:Jasper
6394:Garnet
6290:Pewter
6275:Copper
6270:Bronze
6197:alloys
6186:Silver
6137:Pliers
6127:Hammer
6039:vacuum
5966:People
5959:Making
5943:pocket
5843:Brooch
5808:Anklet
5593:Jasper
5556:quartz
5464:stones
5433:Pyrope
5316:Spinel
5240:stones
4807:Simple
4799:Oxides
4637:
4423:
4316:: 358.
4291:
4266:
4239:
4110:
4013:
3828:
3772:
3676:
3585:Africa
3579:Canada
3575:Quebec
3537:Brazil
3489:, and
3473:, and
3471:Malawi
3447:Africa
3443:Brazil
3419:marble
3415:schist
3218:kaolin
3194:aplite
3118:Vodrv
2896:Schorl
2856:▢(LiAl
2754:Ovdrv
2628:▢(FeAl
2588:Mg)(Al
2574:Ocdrv
2448:K(MgAl
2268:Ca(Fe)
2214:Fluvt
2048:▢(LiAl
2008:,Al)Al
1544:NaLiAl
1534:Capov
1350:Aorsm
1214:, Al,
963:Elbait
951:Sušice
923:Sweden
818:sodium
756:schorl
752:schörl
736:Schörl
712:Saxony
704:schorl
682:Schorl
643:Green—
637:indigo
586:schorl
510:sodium
263:opaque
244:Streak
234:Luster
180:prisms
138:: (3m)
97:(OH,F)
9203:2/3-x
9176:HLiHe
9056:Li)Al
8510:LiN(C
8412:COOLi
8381:soaps
8183:LiTaO
8045:LiSCN
7859:LiNbO
7632:LiHSO
7624:LiHSO
7576:LiHCO
7499:LiGaH
7479:FLiBe
7426:CsLiB
7371:LiCoO
7363:LiClO
7355:LiClO
7347:LiClO
7337:LiClO
7288:LiCNO
7241:LiCHO
7228:Li(CH
7155:LiBrO
7147:LiBrO
7139:LiBrO
7134:LiBrO
7110:LiBSi
7036:LiAsF
6953:LiB(C
6937:LiB(C
6906:LiAsF
6871:LiAlO
6862:LiAlH
6701:Carat
6695:Carat
6683:Terms
6658:Shell
6612:Pearl
6602:Nacre
6592:Ivory
6580:Black
6575:Coral
6570:Copal
6560:Amber
6519:Topaz
6478:smoky
6349:Beryl
6329:Agate
6265:Brass
6110:Tools
5948:strap
5938:Watch
5913:Tiara
5858:Crown
5828:Bindi
5800:Forms
5549:smoky
5533:Agate
5500:Amber
5447:Blue
5406:Topaz
5396:Beryl
5355:topaz
5103:Other
4906:Umber
4843:Mixed
4635:S2CID
4578:(PDF)
4558:(PDF)
4538:(PDF)
4518:(PDF)
4498:(PDF)
4482:(PDF)
4227:(3).
4022:(PDF)
4011:S2CID
3983:(PDF)
3770:S2CID
3555:Bahia
3511:Maine
3499:India
3459:Kenya
3278:Color
2996:Mg)Si
2984:Uvite
2816:Al)Al
2812:Na(Mn
2799:1979
2706:Osrl
2676:Al)Al
2672:Na(Fe
2662:Ofoi
2618:Odrv
2592:Mg)Si
2584:Na(Al
2456:Mg)Si
2438:Mlcc
2404:Ca(Mg
2394:Mfoi
2364:Al)Al
2350:Mdtw
2312:Na(Mg
2228:Al)Al
2188:Mg)Si
2126:Fsrl
2082:Frsm
2004:Ca(Li
1994:Felb
1956:Na(Li
1946:Fdrv
1828:(MgAl
1814:Fbos
1680:Na(Li
1632:Na(Fe
1578:Dhry
1486:Cdrv
1436:(OH)
1412:Al)Al
1069:](OH)
1041:Na(Li
1002:Italy
939:Italy
856:) in
854:Drave
850:Latin
848:, in
826:Drava
744:shirl
740:shorl
658:
616:Italy
516:, or
492:with
486:boron
375:0.017
248:White
165:blue.
161:Color
9279:LiNi
9253:LiNi
9186:LiHe
8774:LiEt
8738:C(CH
8427:LiNO
8343:LiZr
8327:LiYF
8281:LiVO
8263:LiTi
8200:LiTe
8126:LiSi
8055:LiSO
8050:LiSH
7935:LiPF
7921:LiOH
7843:NaPO
7834:LiNa
7804:LiNO
7795:LiNO
7787:LiNO
7770:LiNH
7712:LiMn
7671:LiIO
7663:LiIO
7655:LiIO
7650:LiIO
7640:LiHe
7588:H(CO
7568:HAsO
7531:LiGe
7342:LiFO
7321:LiCl
7271:LiCN
7249:LiCH
7175:LiCF
7118:LiBr
6996:LiBO
6987:LiBH
6979:LiBF
6970:LiWF
6926:LiAt
6901:LiAs
6880:LiAl
6653:Hair
6484:Ruby
6459:Opal
6454:Onyx
6404:Jade
6166:Gold
6122:File
5908:Ring
5688:Talc
5622:onyx
5615:opal
5567:opal
5553:pink
5551:and
5263:Ruby
4421:ISBN
4358:2018
4289:ISBN
4264:ISBN
4237:ISSN
4108:ISBN
4089:2021
4036:link
3826:ISBN
3723:link
3674:ISBN
3553:and
3497:and
3479:Asia
3425:and
3417:and
3108:(OH)
3060:(OH)
3022:Uvt
3012:(OH)
2988:CaMg
2978:Tsl
2968:(OH)
2944:NaMn
2934:Srl
2924:(OH)
2900:NaFe
2890:Rsm
2880:(OH)
2846:Pva
2836:(OH)
2802:Pov
2792:(OH)
2764:NaFe
2744:(OH)
2696:(OH)
2652:(OH)
2608:(OH)
2564:(OH)
2536:NaCr
2526:Ole
2492:NaAl
2482:Mry
2472:(OH)
2452:)(Al
2428:(OH)
2384:(OH)
2360:▢(Mg
2340:(OH)
2302:Lcc
2292:(OH)
2258:Foi
2248:(OH)
2224:▢(Fe
2204:(OH)
2180:CaMg
2170:Ftl
2160:(OH)
2136:NaMn
2116:(OH)
2092:NaFe
2072:(OH)
2038:Fld
2028:(OH)
1984:(OH)
1936:(OH)
1912:NaMg
1902:Fbu
1868:NaFe
1858:Fer
1848:(OH)
1824:CaFe
1804:(OH)
1776:NaFe
1766:Etl
1756:(OH)
1748:)(BO
1728:NaAl
1718:Elb
1708:(OH)
1670:Dtw
1660:(OH)
1622:Drv
1612:(OH)
1588:NaMg
1568:(OH)
1524:(OH)
1496:NaCr
1476:(OH)
1452:NaMg
1442:Cll
1432:(OH)
1424:)(BO
1408:▢(Mn
1398:Bos
1388:(OH)
1360:NaFe
1340:(OH)
1332:)(BO
1306:Adc
1296:(OH)
1288:)(BO
1272:CaFe
1226:V =
1210:T =
1161:Y =
1143:X =
1125:)(BO
1073:(OH)
990:Elba
882:(OH)
862:NaMg
846:Drau
800:and
758:and
742:and
710:(in
612:Elba
502:iron
469:TOOR
9209:TiO
8847:COO
8829:LiC
8814:LiC
8807:LiN
8764:LiO
8734:LiO
8720:LiC
8691:LiN
8654:LiC
8636:BLi
8621:CLi
8613:(CH
8555:LiO
8540:PLi
8437:LiC
8364:ZrO
8347:(PO
8303:(PO
8285:·2H
8267:(PO
8236:TiO
8224:TeO
8212:TeO
8159:SiO
8147:SiO
8135:SiF
8118:SeO
8106:SeO
8028:RuO
8016:PtO
7971:HPO
7959:HPO
7892:LiO
7884:LiO
7879:LiO
7871:NbO
7753:LiN
7739:0.9
7729:MoO
7683:IrO
7645:LiI
7612:LiH
7600:LiH
7556:AsO
7552:LiH
7547:LiH
7535:(PO
7523:GeO
7511:GeF
7457:LiF
7443:LiF
7438:LiD
7400:·2H
7396:CrO
7383:CrO
7258:LiC
7212:LiC
7204:ClO
7196:LiC
7100:·5H
7078:ZrF
7064:TiF
7050:SnF
7006:LiB
6918:AsO
6888:(PO
6886:2−x
6882:1+x
6848:(PO
6846:2−x
6838:1+x
6597:Jet
6353:red
5638:Jet
4627:doi
4546:154
4526:153
4506:152
4314:XII
4229:doi
4003:doi
3760:doi
3529:in
3338:of
3100:(BO
3092:)Si
3084:(Al
3080:NaV
3052:(BO
3044:)Si
3036:(Cr
3032:NaV
3016:OH
3004:(BO
2992:(Al
2972:OH
2960:(BO
2928:OH
2916:(BO
2884:OH
2872:(BO
2860:)Al
2828:(BO
2784:(BO
2776:)Si
2768:(Fe
2736:(BO
2728:)Si
2716:NaV
2688:(BO
2644:(BO
2632:)Al
2600:(BO
2556:(BO
2548:)Si
2540:(Mg
2520:OH
2508:(BO
2464:(BO
2420:(BO
2388:OH
2376:(BO
2332:(BO
2320:)Al
2318:0.5
2314:2.5
2284:(BO
2252:OH
2240:(BO
2196:(BO
2184:(Al
2152:(BO
2108:(BO
2064:(BO
2052:)Al
2020:(BO
1976:(BO
1964:)Al
1962:1.5
1960:,Al
1958:1.5
1928:(BO
1884:(BO
1852:OH
1840:(BO
1832:)Si
1796:(BO
1788:)Si
1780:(Al
1736:(Si
1712:OH
1700:(BO
1688:)Al
1686:1.5
1684:,Al
1682:1.5
1652:(BO
1640:)Al
1638:0.5
1634:2.5
1616:OH
1604:(BO
1560:(BO
1516:(BO
1508:)Si
1500:(Al
1480:OH
1468:(BO
1416:(Si
1380:(BO
1372:)Si
1364:(Al
1328:AlO
1324:(Si
1316:▢Al
1300:OH
1284:AlO
1280:(Si
1240:, O
1233:, O
1053:(BO
1049:)Al
1047:1.5
1043:1.5
919:Utö
716:tin
488:is
429:ʊər
261:to
149:R3m
111:Tur
81:(BO
9347::
9291:Co
9285:Mn
9265:Al
9259:Co
9213:He
9207:3x
9205:Li
9201:La
9168:Be
9164:Li
9132:CO
9066:18
9060:Si
9044:10
9003:PO
8952:OH
8843:23
8834:11
8805:18
8778:BH
8746:CH
8744:16
8724:CH
8713:Li
8676:Li
8674:11
8656:10
8647:Li
8643:CH
8634:28
8630:12
8603:CH
8595:CH
8588:Li
8573:Li
8571:13
8553:35
8549:18
8528:(C
8503:Li
8473:Li
8445:NO
8408:CH
8360:Li
8319:WO
8315:Li
8295:Li
8255:12
8249:Ti
8245:Li
8232:Li
8220:Li
8208:Li
8195:Te
8191:Li
8171:Si
8167:Li
8155:Li
8143:Li
8131:Li
8114:Li
8102:Li
8097:Se
8093:Li
8088:Li
8080:SO
8076:Li
8068:SO
8064:Li
8036:Li
8024:Li
8012:Li
8007:Po
8003:Li
7995:PO
7991:Li
7983:PO
7979:Li
7967:Li
7955:Li
7947:PO
7943:Li
7926:Li
7909:Li
7900:Li
7867:Li
7839:Li
7818:Li
7808:·H
7782:NH
7778:Li
7761:Li
7747:17
7741:Mo
7737:Li
7725:Li
7705:12
7699:Zr
7695:La
7691:Li
7679:Li
7616:PO
7604:PO
7584:Li
7564:Li
7519:Li
7507:Li
7474:Al
7466:Li
7461:Al
7448:Li
7432:10
7414:Cr
7410:Li
7392:Li
7379:Li
7305:Li
7297:CO
7293:Li
7280:CN
7276:Li
7220:IO
7187:CH
7179:SO
7163:Li
7088:Li
7074:Li
7060:Li
7046:Li
7019:Li
6932:Li
6914:Li
6884:Ti
6844:Ge
6840:Al
6836:Li
6817:Li
5431:,
5427:,
5419:–
5398:–
4633:.
4625:.
4615:96
4613:.
4586:76
4584:.
4580:.
4566:73
4564:.
4560:.
4544:.
4540:.
4524:.
4520:.
4504:.
4500:.
4484:.
4451:.
4447:.
4429:.
4378:.
4366:^
4342:.
4331:^
4312:.
4243:.
4235:.
4225:32
4223:.
4219:.
4151:.
4081:33
4079:.
4075:.
4032:}}
4028:{{
4017:.
4009:.
4001:.
3991:96
3989:.
3985:.
3947:.
3916:^
3890:^
3864:^
3856:93
3796:.
3790:.
3768:.
3758:.
3748:85
3746:.
3740:.
3719:}}
3715:{{
3696:.
3668:.
3643:^
3577:,
3573:,
3533:.
3485:,
3469:,
3465:,
3461:,
3457:,
3453:,
3328:Mn
3112:O
3098:18
3088:Mg
3064:O
3050:18
3040:Mg
3002:18
2958:18
2952:Si
2948:Al
2914:18
2908:Si
2904:Al
2870:18
2864:Si
2840:O
2826:18
2820:Si
2796:O
2782:18
2772:Mg
2748:O
2734:18
2724:Mg
2720:(V
2700:O
2686:18
2680:Si
2656:O
2642:18
2636:Si
2612:O
2598:18
2568:O
2554:18
2544:Cr
2506:18
2500:Si
2496:Al
2476:O
2462:18
2432:O
2418:18
2412:Si
2408:Al
2374:18
2368:Si
2344:O
2330:18
2324:Si
2316:Ti
2296:O
2282:18
2276:Si
2272:Al
2238:18
2232:Si
2208:F
2194:18
2164:F
2150:18
2144:Si
2140:Al
2120:F
2106:18
2100:Si
2096:Al
2076:F
2062:18
2056:Si
2032:F
2018:18
2012:Si
1988:F
1974:18
1968:Si
1940:F
1926:18
1920:Si
1916:Al
1896:F
1882:18
1876:Si
1872:Al
1838:18
1808:O
1794:18
1784:Fe
1760:O
1746:18
1732:Al
1698:18
1692:Si
1664:O
1650:18
1644:Si
1636:Ti
1602:18
1596:Si
1592:Al
1572:O
1558:18
1552:Si
1548:Al
1528:O
1514:18
1504:Mg
1466:18
1460:Si
1456:Cr
1422:18
1392:O
1378:18
1368:Mg
1344:O
1330:18
1320:Al
1286:18
1276:Al
1212:Si
1201:,
1199:Ti
1197:,
1195:Fe
1193:,
1189:,
1187:Cr
1185:,
1183:Al
1181:,
1179:Zn
1177:,
1175:Mn
1173:,
1171:Fe
1169:,
1167:Mg
1165:,
1163:Li
1155:,
1151:,
1149:Na
1147:,
1145:Ca
1123:18
1117:(T
1109:XY
1079:,
1067:18
1045:Al
1036:62
1032:12
1030:Si
1028:12
1026:Al
1018:Al
1014:Li
1010:Na
1000:,
996:,
988:,
981:21
975:Si
953:,
937:,
921:,
886:OH
880:27
874:Si
852::
832:,
754:,
750:,
618:)
614:,
596:)
512:,
508:,
504:,
500:,
456:iː
447:,-
95:18
9299:2
9297:O
9294:z
9288:y
9282:x
9273:2
9271:O
9268:z
9262:y
9256:x
9211:3
9196:2
9188:2
9170:y
9166:x
9134:3
9130:2
9120:4
9095:2
9093:)
9091:3
9064:O
9062:6
9058:2
9054:2
9042:0
9040:4
9005:4
9001:3
8991:4
8967:)
8965:6
8963:O
8961:2
8950:7
8948:O
8946:3
8921:4
8838:H
8820:3
8818:H
8816:2
8803:H
8801:9
8799:C
8791:3
8789:)
8787:3
8776:3
8766:4
8762:5
8760:H
8758:4
8756:C
8748:3
8742:)
8740:2
8736:2
8726:3
8722:2
8711:5
8709:H
8707:6
8705:C
8697:4
8695:O
8693:2
8689:3
8687:H
8685:5
8683:C
8672:H
8670:5
8668:C
8660:8
8658:H
8645:3
8632:H
8628:C
8619:3
8617:)
8615:3
8605:3
8601:2
8597:3
8586:9
8584:H
8582:4
8580:C
8569:H
8567:6
8565:C
8557:3
8551:H
8547:C
8538:2
8536:)
8534:5
8532:H
8530:6
8520:2
8518:)
8516:7
8514:H
8512:3
8501:5
8499:H
8497:5
8495:C
8487:7
8485:O
8483:5
8481:H
8479:6
8477:C
8475:3
8465:2
8463:)
8461:3
8451:2
8449:S
8447:4
8443:6
8441:F
8439:2
8429:4
8425:6
8423:H
8421:4
8419:C
8410:3
8383:)
8366:3
8362:2
8353:3
8351:)
8349:4
8345:2
8329:4
8321:4
8317:2
8309:3
8307:)
8305:4
8301:2
8299:V
8297:3
8289:O
8287:2
8283:3
8273:3
8271:)
8269:4
8265:2
8253:O
8251:5
8247:4
8238:3
8234:2
8226:4
8222:2
8214:3
8210:2
8202:3
8193:2
8185:3
8177:5
8175:O
8173:2
8169:2
8161:3
8157:2
8149:4
8145:4
8137:6
8133:2
8120:4
8116:2
8108:3
8104:2
8095:2
8082:4
8078:2
8070:3
8066:2
8059:F
8057:3
8040:S
8038:2
8030:3
8026:2
8018:3
8014:2
8005:2
7997:4
7993:3
7985:3
7981:3
7973:4
7969:2
7961:3
7957:2
7949:4
7945:3
7937:6
7930:P
7928:3
7915:2
7913:O
7911:2
7904:O
7902:2
7894:3
7886:2
7873:3
7869:2
7861:3
7853:2
7845:3
7841:2
7828:2
7826:O
7824:2
7822:N
7820:2
7812:O
7810:2
7806:3
7797:3
7789:2
7780:2
7772:2
7765:N
7763:3
7755:3
7745:O
7743:6
7731:4
7727:2
7718:4
7716:O
7714:2
7703:O
7701:2
7697:3
7693:7
7685:3
7681:2
7673:4
7665:3
7657:2
7634:4
7626:3
7618:4
7614:2
7606:3
7602:2
7594:2
7592:)
7590:3
7586:3
7578:3
7570:4
7566:2
7558:4
7554:2
7541:3
7539:)
7537:4
7533:2
7525:3
7521:2
7513:6
7509:2
7501:4
7487:4
7472:6
7470:F
7468:3
7459:4
7452:F
7450:2
7430:O
7428:6
7420:7
7418:O
7416:2
7412:2
7404:O
7402:2
7398:4
7394:2
7385:4
7381:2
7373:2
7365:4
7357:3
7349:2
7331:O
7329:2
7315:4
7313:O
7311:2
7309:C
7307:2
7299:3
7295:2
7282:2
7278:2
7266:O
7264:5
7262:H
7260:2
7253:O
7251:3
7243:2
7236:N
7234:2
7232:)
7230:3
7222:2
7218:3
7216:H
7214:2
7206:2
7202:2
7200:H
7198:2
7189:3
7181:3
7177:3
7169:2
7167:C
7165:2
7157:4
7149:3
7141:2
7128:O
7126:2
7112:2
7104:O
7102:2
7098:7
7096:O
7094:4
7092:B
7090:2
7080:6
7076:2
7066:6
7062:2
7052:6
7048:2
7038:6
7029:7
7027:O
7025:4
7023:B
7021:2
7012:5
7010:O
7008:3
6998:2
6989:4
6981:4
6972:6
6963:4
6961:)
6959:5
6957:F
6955:6
6947:2
6945:)
6943:4
6941:O
6939:2
6920:4
6916:3
6908:6
6894:3
6892:)
6890:4
6873:2
6864:4
6854:3
6852:)
6850:4
6842:x
6828:4
6819:2
6787:e
6780:t
6773:v
6480:)
6476:(
6355:)
6351:(
5784:e
5777:t
5770:v
5690:)
5686:/
5682:(
5676:)
5672:/
5668:(
5617:)
5506:)
5502:(
5215:e
5208:t
5201:v
5158:)
5154:(
5148:)
5144:(
5138:)
5134:(
5122:)
5118:(
4724:e
4717:t
4710:v
4641:.
4629::
4621::
4462:.
4402:.
4360:.
4297:.
4272:.
4231::
4161:.
4137:.
4116:.
4091:.
4038:)
4005::
3997::
3910:.
3884:.
3858:.
3834:.
3807:.
3776:.
3762::
3754::
3725:)
3682:.
3340:K
3110:3
3106:3
3104:)
3102:3
3096:O
3094:6
3090:2
3086:4
3082:3
3062:3
3058:3
3056:)
3054:3
3048:O
3046:6
3042:2
3038:4
3034:3
3014:3
3010:3
3008:)
3006:3
3000:O
2998:6
2994:5
2990:3
2970:3
2966:3
2964:)
2962:3
2956:O
2954:6
2950:6
2946:3
2926:3
2922:3
2920:)
2918:3
2912:O
2910:6
2906:6
2902:3
2882:3
2878:3
2876:)
2874:3
2868:O
2866:6
2862:6
2858:2
2838:3
2834:3
2832:)
2830:3
2824:O
2822:6
2818:6
2814:2
2794:3
2790:3
2788:)
2786:3
2780:O
2778:6
2774:2
2770:4
2766:3
2746:3
2742:3
2740:)
2738:3
2732:O
2730:6
2726:2
2722:4
2718:3
2698:3
2694:3
2692:)
2690:3
2684:O
2682:6
2678:6
2674:2
2654:3
2650:3
2648:)
2646:3
2640:O
2638:6
2634:6
2630:2
2610:3
2606:3
2604:)
2602:3
2596:O
2594:6
2590:5
2586:2
2566:3
2562:3
2560:)
2558:3
2552:O
2550:6
2546:4
2542:2
2538:3
2518:3
2516:O
2514:3
2512:)
2510:3
2504:O
2502:6
2498:6
2494:3
2474:3
2470:3
2468:)
2466:3
2460:O
2458:6
2454:5
2450:2
2430:3
2426:3
2424:)
2422:3
2416:O
2414:6
2410:6
2406:3
2386:3
2382:3
2380:)
2378:3
2372:O
2370:6
2366:6
2362:2
2342:3
2338:3
2336:)
2334:3
2328:O
2326:6
2322:6
2294:3
2290:3
2288:)
2286:3
2280:O
2278:6
2274:6
2270:3
2250:3
2246:3
2244:)
2242:3
2236:O
2234:6
2230:6
2226:2
2206:3
2202:3
2200:)
2198:3
2192:O
2190:6
2186:5
2182:3
2162:3
2158:3
2156:)
2154:3
2148:O
2146:6
2142:6
2138:3
2118:3
2114:3
2112:)
2110:3
2104:O
2102:6
2098:6
2094:3
2074:3
2070:3
2068:)
2066:3
2060:O
2058:6
2054:6
2050:2
2030:3
2026:3
2024:)
2022:3
2016:O
2014:6
2010:6
2006:2
1986:3
1982:3
1980:)
1978:3
1972:O
1970:6
1966:6
1938:3
1934:3
1932:)
1930:3
1924:O
1922:6
1918:6
1914:3
1894:3
1892:O
1890:3
1888:)
1886:3
1880:O
1878:6
1874:6
1870:3
1850:3
1846:3
1844:)
1842:3
1836:O
1834:6
1830:5
1826:3
1806:3
1802:3
1800:)
1798:3
1792:O
1790:6
1786:2
1782:4
1778:3
1758:3
1754:3
1752:)
1750:3
1744:O
1742:2
1740:B
1738:4
1734:6
1730:3
1710:3
1706:3
1704:)
1702:3
1696:O
1694:6
1690:6
1662:3
1658:3
1656:)
1654:3
1648:O
1646:6
1642:6
1614:3
1610:3
1608:)
1606:3
1600:O
1598:6
1594:6
1590:3
1570:3
1566:3
1564:)
1562:3
1556:O
1554:6
1550:6
1546:2
1526:3
1522:3
1520:)
1518:3
1512:O
1510:6
1506:2
1502:4
1498:3
1478:3
1474:3
1472:)
1470:3
1464:O
1462:6
1458:6
1454:3
1434:3
1430:3
1428:)
1426:3
1420:O
1418:6
1414:6
1410:2
1390:3
1386:3
1384:)
1382:3
1376:O
1374:6
1370:2
1366:4
1362:3
1342:3
1338:3
1336:)
1334:3
1326:5
1322:6
1318:3
1298:3
1294:3
1292:)
1290:3
1282:5
1278:6
1274:3
1238:F
1231:H
1228:O
1216:B
1191:V
1153:K
1137:W
1135:3
1133:V
1131:3
1129:)
1127:3
1121:O
1119:6
1115:6
1113:Z
1111:3
1071:3
1065:O
1063:6
1059:3
1057:)
1055:3
1051:6
1034:O
1024:6
1022:B
1020:3
1016:3
1012:2
1008:8
1006:H
979:O
977:4
973:2
971:B
969:6
878:O
876:6
872:3
870:B
868:6
864:3
673:)
667:(
640:)
536:(
462:/
459:n
453:l
450:ˌ
444:n
441:ɪ
438:l
435:ə
432:m
426:t
423:ˈ
420:/
416:(
325:ε
322:n
317:ω
314:n
99:4
93:O
91:6
87:3
85:)
83:3
78:6
74:3
70:▢
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
