33:
602:
605:
609:
608:
604:
603:
610:
607:
1648:
1594:
1094:
1609:
1136:
32:
1572:
1150:
1624:
473:
1545:
508:
down and adjusted to be on the ground. If a large traverse is required, small jacks on each trail leg are rotated downwards, and the trails jacked up until the main wheels are lifted clear of the ground and the bogey wheels mounted on each trail leg swung downwards and the trail jacks raised. The carriage is then traversed, and the trail jacks reused to lift the bogey wheels and then place the piece back on its main wheels.
1470:
1376:
606:
1303:
1559:
1532:
1039:
714:
1349:
1275:
1209:
1108:
1066:
1501:
1453:
1439:
1404:
1390:
1331:
1289:
1261:
1247:
1163:
1122:
1053:
1025:
519:, including a folding piece below the cradle support. The centre section of the upper shield slides both up and down, and folds to accommodate the barrel at higher elevation angles of fire. The shield may offer some protection against muzzle blast to the sights and layer, although it is usually shown being fired with a long lanyard, but is probably mostly for defence against machine gun fire.
1011:
1487:
1417:
1363:
1636:
1518:
1233:
1191:
1177:
1080:
982:
1317:
511:
The pivot jack is used to secure the barrel against vertical movement when the gun is being towed. The barrel is locked in the centre for traverse with a bolt on the cradle support. The jack is folded upwards, lugs on the ring cradle engage the jack base and two tensioners fixed to the saddle support
492:
breech, with a tied jaw and the block moving down to open. The barrel is mounted in a long ring cradle with the trunnions just forward of the breech. The recoil system (buffer and recuperator) is mounted on the cradle above the barrel. Compression balancing gear is attached behind the saddle support,
425:
By Soviet definition, a 152 mm howitzer is "medium"-caliber artillery. It was designated a "gun-howitzer" because its muzzle velocity exceeded 600 m/s, and its barrel length exceeded 30 calibers. It equipped battalions in the motor rifle division artillery regiment and army level artillery
507:
To assist with all-round carriage traverse, there is a pivot jack mounted at the front of the cradle support. The pivot jack is not a sole plate and the gun fires with its foam filled rubber tyred wheels supporting the gun on the ground. When the gun is brought into action, the pivot jack is folded
493:
passing through the complex shaped saddle to connect to the cradle just forward of the trunnions. This can be manually repressured by a pump below the breech. The breech has a projectile retaining catch to prevent the shell sliding out at higher elevations before it is rammed with a manual rammer.
522:
The non-reciprocating sights are standard Soviet pattern, designed for one-man laying. Included are a direct fire anti-tank telescope (OP4M), a panoramic periscopic indirect-fire sight, a dial sight, (PG1M) in a mounting, an angle of sight scale, and a range drum for each charge engraved with the
503:
legs are hinged to the cradle support, with bolts to lock them into either the open or closed position. The cradle support has a bolt for locking the barrel in the centre for traverse before towing the gun. Large spades are permanently fixed close to the end of each trail. These are hinged and it
530:. The ammunition is interchangeable with that used with other 152 mm guns, although the more modern ones have a third, much larger cartridge. The D-20 uses two types of cartridge. One has a base charge and up to five increments, the other is a single 'super' charge cartridge.
523:
range (distance) scale, coupled to an elevation leveling bubble mounted on dial sight mount. The range drum enables the standard Soviet technique of semi-direct fire when the piece is laid visually on the target, and the range set on the range drum.
592:
The detachment was either 8 or 10 men, probably differing between armies and the time period. In Soviet service, the 5,700 kg gun was usually towed by a URAL-375 6×6 truck or, in some regions, an AT-S or AT-L medium tractor.
626:
both sides have relied on the D-20. Russian forces have started deploying the weapons from storage. There are reports of at least one
Russian D-20 being destroyed due to poor ammunition. This weapon was in the service of the
2386:
1647:
725:– System designed by Arsenalul Armatei. Very similar to the D-20, but has different 152 mm ordnance, 25 calibers long, range of 17.2 km (24 km with OF-550 projectile); in the
823:. While it retains some elements of the original carriage, almost everything else is redesigned and modernized starting with the barrel, which is replaced by the new L/39.7 barrel.
1608:
2379:
429:
The design, which was probably initiated in the late 1940s, was first seen in public in 1955. It was designed by the well-established design bureau at
Artillery Plant No. 9 in
2908:
2131:
1748:
578:, and extended range HE using rocket assistance (RAP). The normal maximum range is 17.4 km, RAP being farther. Two direct-fire anti-tank projectiles have been used,
1593:
2913:
2372:
1462:
2331:
2007:
614:
Crews of 152-mm howitzers D-20 of the artillery unit of the
Yuzhnaya group of troops destroyed the fortified positions of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the
589:
The maximum rate of fire is usually stated as five rounds per minute, and 65 rounds per hour sustained. In Soviet service, the unit of fire was 60 rounds.
418:
gun-howitzer (the 152 mm howitzer M1937) and various World War II era 152 mm field howitzers, Model 09/30, Model 1910/30, Model 1938 (M10) and
2893:
1577:
533:
The standard shell weight is 44 kg with a muzzle velocity of 655 m/s, but some projectiles are more or less than this. The basic shell is
1806:
769:– Variant using the D-20 carriage. Designed in Romania using Chinese technology, 152 mm ordnance, 34 calibers long, performs similarly to the
2898:
2533:
820:
692:
has reported the existence of several self-propelled artillery systems, mating existing cannon systems with a locally designed chassis. The
2903:
964:
2500:
2359:
748:
2644:
2175:
1615:
414:(probably derived from the 155 mm Gun Mle 1877/16) for the Imperial Army. The new gun-howitzer, was a replacement of the pre-war
1781:
2343:
2019:
1896:
442:
415:
2123:
1717:
1635:
2624:
1099:
969:
959:
2659:
1756:
2816:
1693:
954:
628:
504:
appears that the gun can be fired with them up or down depending on the terrain. They are always up when the gun is towed.
1623:
2443:
2438:
2528:
2523:
2518:
899:
689:
419:
125:
1222:
884:
583:
276:
110:
2888:
2467:
2307:
2288:
856:
571:
568:
407:
2826:
2760:
2734:
2697:
2596:
2462:
623:
579:
538:
808:
526:
Like most Soviet artillery, the gun fires separate ammunition using metal cartridge cases that also provide
390:
during the 1950s. It was first observed by the West in 1955, at which time it was designated the M1955. Its
815:) – On the basis of construction documents for the D-20 and experience with producing the
294:
914:
95:
2700:
2687:
2682:
2495:
2414:
1200:
1155:
799:
557:
449:
257:
2084:
929:
816:
770:
489:
263:
2477:
1458:
919:
120:
2364:
472:
2806:
2771:
2581:
1479:
909:
434:
235:
105:
2639:
1600:
924:
100:
1973:
2453:
2339:
2171:
2015:
1902:
1892:
1888:
1699:
1689:
1127:
778:
756:
734:
550:
411:
2714:
2669:
1214:
949:
894:
664:
372:
115:
2829:
2709:
2553:
2543:
2538:
1664:
879:
546:
326:
2165:
1721:
2791:
904:
534:
90:
2882:
2852:
2724:
1881:
1340:
944:
726:
575:
512:
are hooked to the cradle. These are tightened to lock the cradle onto the jack base.
438:
430:
163:
1853:
713:
2786:
2781:
2634:
2629:
2571:
2406:
2395:
1550:
1475:
1381:
773:"Msta-B"; maximum range is 22–24 km; in the Romanian Army, it is known as the
500:
485:
461:
387:
380:
314:
287:
198:
66:
51:
2308:"Documenting Equipment Losses During The September 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict"
2837:
2801:
2737:
2576:
2566:
1807:"Photos: Did a Russian Howitzer Explode in Ukraine Because Of Improper Storage?"
1308:
889:
874:
675:
477:
85:
80:
586:(APHE), the latter being 5.2 kg heavier and with a lower muzzle velocity.
2867:
2857:
2811:
2614:
1906:
1564:
1537:
1218:
1044:
527:
516:
304:
191:
1703:
2862:
2847:
2586:
2487:
2402:
1354:
1280:
981:
564:
560:
383:
406:
152 mm has been a
Russian caliber since World War I, when Britain supplied
2842:
2796:
2763:
2719:
2510:
2428:
1854:"D-20 / M-55 152-mm Towed Gun-Howitzer Type-66 152-mm Towed Gun-Howitzer"
1653:
A Serbian Army M-84 Nora-A 152 mm howitzer at military parade in Niš
1113:
1071:
939:
934:
679:– Towed self-propelled version of Type 66, very similar layout to the 2S3
542:
496:
Top traverse totals 58° and the vertical elevation range is −5° to 45°.
2776:
2423:
1887:. The Illustrated history of the Vietnam War 15. Bantam Books. p.
1523:
1506:
1444:
1409:
1395:
1336:
1294:
1266:
1252:
1168:
1058:
1030:
615:
247:
2750:
2745:
2609:
2399:
1322:
1016:
650:
270:
2677:
2654:
2649:
2619:
2604:
2472:
2433:
1492:
1422:
1368:
1141:
980:
712:
600:
471:
484:
The D-20 has a 26 caliber (3.962 m) barrel, with a double baffle
441:, who was responsible for several World War II pieces. The gun's
2561:
1238:
1196:
1182:
1085:
668:– Licensed version of D-20. An improved version is known as the
391:
2368:
751:
with a D-20 carriage. In the
Romanian Army, it is known as the
2124:"Laotian military parades Russian- and Chinese-made equipment"
819:, this new type of weapon with greater range was developed by
696:
appears to be a D-20 or Type 66 mounted on a tracked chassis
1782:"The work of Ukrainian Howitzers D-20 and MLRS BM-21 "Hail""
1509:– 126 bought from ex-DDR in 1991; phased out 2017; known as
1641:
An
Armenian Army D-20 during the military parade in Yerevan
437:
2289:"The Oryx Handbook of Pre-war Yemeni Fighting Vehicles"
1743:
1741:
1739:
1269:– 150+ delivered in 2009 from North Korea and Ukraine
1478:– 137 supplied in 1974–1975, passed to Germany after
2287:
Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (20 September 2015).
2825:
2759:
2733:
2696:
2668:
2595:
2552:
2509:
2486:
2452:
2413:
2122:Gibson, Neil; Fediushko, Dmitry (22 January 2019).
353:
343:
335:
325:
313:
303:
293:
283:
269:
256:
246:
234:
221:
213:
205:
190:
182:
174:
169:
158:
150:
142:
137:
73:
62:
57:
47:
39:
23:
1880:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2152:
2109:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2034:
1994:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1221:in 1991, 4 captured in 2003, 10 in total used by
1749:"Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 13"
653:for an increased firing rate of 7-8 rds per min.
1776:
1774:
1463:2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
357:PG1M indirect sight and OP4M direct fire sight
2380:
2332:International Institute for Strategic Studies
2008:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1311:– 200 possibly supplied by China in 1972–1975
8:
2170:. Routledge. 14 February 2020. p. 296.
1343:has 247 M81 howitzers, 103 M85 gun-howitzers
541:(HE-frag). Other projectiles include smoke,
452:. The barrel assembly is the basis for the
410:and Russia purchased 152 mm guns from
2909:Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
2387:
2373:
2365:
1203:, new models bought from Bulgaria in 2015
448:The carriage is the same one used for the
178:5.7 t (5.6 long tons; 6.3 short tons)
20:
783:Tun/Obuzier calibrul 152-mm tractat M1985
739:Tun/Obuzier calibrul 152-mm tractat M1981
649:is an improved version with an automatic
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
460:), which is used for the self-propelled
1676:
1589:
2914:Cold War artillery of the Soviet Union
2534:152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20)
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
515:As was normal for the period, the gun
377:152-мм пушка-гаубица Д-20 обр. 1955 г.
242:Separate loading charge and projectile
1686:Jane's Pocket Book of Towed Artillery
1297:– 4 M81/M85 from Romanian Army stocks
821:Military Technical Institute Belgrade
684:Democratic People's Republic of Korea
379:) is a manually loaded, towed 152 mm
197:5.195 m (20 ft) L/34 (with
7:
2134:from the original on 23 January 2019
1842:Janes Armour and Artillery 2003-2004
1447:– 90 type 66 supplied from 1968–1973
1241:– in service as of January 2019
834:HE-frag, OF-32 – range 17,400 metres
775:152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1985
731:152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1981
2501:130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)
2085:"Iraq receives Bulgarian D-20 guns"
1130:– 12 received from Bulgaria in 2009
556:Later projectiles include bomblet,
1688:. New York: Collier. p. 113.
1616:Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum
1614:A Chinese Type 66 howitzer at the
1283:– 12 serving, 30 stored as of 2016
186:8.69 m (28 ft 6 in)
14:
2360:Type 66 152 mm towed gun-howitzer
2306:Mitzer, Stijin; Oliemans, Joost.
1461:− Seized by Azerbaijan after the
1088:– 100, supplied between 1972–1974
761:Tun calibrul 130-mm tractat M1982
717:Romanian M1985 in firing position
683:
657:
217:1.93 m (6 ft 4 in)
209:2.35 m (7 ft 9 in)
1646:
1634:
1622:
1607:
1592:
1570:
1557:
1543:
1530:
1516:
1499:
1495:– 300 supplied between 1964–1970
1485:
1468:
1451:
1437:
1415:
1402:
1388:
1374:
1361:
1347:
1329:
1315:
1301:
1287:
1273:
1259:
1245:
1231:
1207:
1189:
1175:
1161:
1148:
1134:
1120:
1106:
1100:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1092:
1078:
1064:
1051:
1037:
1023:
1009:
970:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
336:Effective firing range
31:
2894:Field artillery of the Cold War
965:Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)
1879:Ezell, Edward Clinton (1988).
1755:. 13 June 2022. Archived from
1720:[Guns]. Archived from
488:and a semi-automatic vertical
344:Maximum firing range
331:650 m/s (2,100 ft/s)
146:Petrov Artillery Design Bureau
1:
2899:Howitzers of the Soviet Union
785:); offered for export as the
2444:152 mm air defense gun KM-52
2439:130 mm air defense gun KS-30
2434:100 mm air defense gun KS-19
2338:. Vol. 116. Routlegde.
1553:– passed to successor states
349:(rocket-assisted projectile)
252:152.4 mm (6.00 in)
16:Soviet 152 mm towed howitzer
2904:Motovilikha Plants products
2529:152 mm howitzer 2A65 Msta-B
2524:152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1)
2519:122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)
960:Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)
900:Sino-Soviet border conflict
812:
753:130 mm towed gun M1982
690:Defense Intelligence Agency
386:piece, manufactured in the
339:17.4 km (10.8 mi)
126:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
2930:
2478:125 mm anti-tank gun Sprut
2473:100 mm anti-tank gun MT-12
1684:Foss, Christopher (1977).
1599:An Iranian D20 during the
1223:Kurdistan Democratic Party
1142:People's Republic of China
885:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
855:Semi-active laser-guided "
658:People's Republic of China
584:armour-piercing ammunition
476:An M1955 as a monument in
162:Artillery Plant Number 9,
111:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
2597:Multiple rocket launchers
2468:100 mm anti-tank gun T-12
2336:The Military Balance 2016
2167:The Military Balance 2020
1858:Military Analysis Network
629:Luhansk People’s Republic
618:direction. February 2024.
572:precision-guided munition
439:Fyodor Fyodorovich Petrov
376:
365:152 mm gun-howitzer M1955
229:
48:Place of origin
30:
2463:85 mm anti-tank gun D-48
747:– License-built Chinese
624:2022 invasion of Ukraine
580:high-explosive anti-tank
262:Vertical semi-automatic
1357:– 46 Type 66 as of 2016
813:novo oružje artiljerije
347:24 km (15 mi)
998:
782:
760:
738:
718:
619:
481:
315:Rate of fire
2688:B-11 recoilless rifle
2683:B-10 recoilless rifle
2496:D-74 122 mm field gun
2275:Military Balance 2016
2263:Military Balance 2016
2251:Military Balance 2016
2239:Military Balance 2016
2227:Military Balance 2016
2215:Military Balance 2016
2203:Military Balance 2016
2191:Military Balance 2016
2153:Military Balance 2016
2110:Military Balance 2016
2071:Military Balance 2016
2059:Military Balance 2016
2047:Military Balance 2016
2035:Military Balance 2016
1995:Military Balance 2016
1976:. Armstrade.sipri.org
1944:Military Balance 2016
1932:Military Balance 2016
1920:Military Balance 2016
1580:– 36 supplied in 1971
1201:2003 invasion of Iraq
1156:Republic of the Congo
984:
800:Gun-howitzer M84 NORA
716:
613:
574:(PGM), communication
475:
450:D-74 122 mm field gun
275:Hydraulic buffer and
2012:The Military Balance
1786:understandingwar.org
1753:understandingwar.org
930:Sri Lankan Civil War
817:M114 155 mm howitzer
771:152 mm howitzer 2A65
367:, also known as the
327:Muzzle velocity
1199:– All destroyed in
920:Sino-Vietnamese War
597:Operational history
499:Box girder section
443:factory designation
121:Russo-Ukrainian War
2807:2S35 Koalitsiya-SV
2772:2A3 Kondensator 2P
2582:240 mm mortar M240
2130:. London, Moscow.
1883:Personal firepower
1480:German unification
1325:– 1,075 as of 2016
1217:– 6 captured from
999:
910:Lebanese Civil War
719:
640:Russian Federation
620:
482:
435:Motovilikha Plants
240:152.4 x 547.5 mm R
138:Production history
106:Lebanese Civil War
2876:
2875:
2670:Recoilless rifles
2334:(February 2016).
1974:"Trade Registers"
1398:– 130+ as of 2016
915:Soviet–Afghan War
846:Expendable jammer
793:Former Yugoslavia
611:
361:
360:
96:Soviet–Afghan War
2921:
2889:152 mm artillery
2715:ZSU-37-2 Yenisei
2389:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2349:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2083:Binnie, Jeremy.
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1886:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1860:. Bottom of Page
1849:
1843:
1840:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1724:on 31 March 2012
1714:
1708:
1707:
1681:
1650:
1638:
1629:A Romanian M1981
1626:
1611:
1596:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1013:
1012:
995:
989:
950:Syrian Civil War
895:War of Attrition
694:SPH 152 mm M1974
612:
420:Model 1943 (D-1)
408:6-inch howitzers
378:
321:Sustained: 1 rpm
116:Syrian Civil War
35:
26:
21:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2821:
2755:
2729:
2710:ZSU-23-4 Shilka
2692:
2664:
2640:9К512 Uragan-1M
2591:
2548:
2544:180 mm gun S-23
2539:2A36 Giatsint-B
2505:
2482:
2448:
2409:
2393:
2356:
2346:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2237:
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2209:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2164:
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2159:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2121:
2120:
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2108:
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2094:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2014:. p. 461.
2006:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1899:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1811:19fortyfive.com
1805:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
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1779:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1759:on 14 June 2022
1747:
1746:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1696:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1665:2A36 Giatsint-B
1661:
1654:
1651:
1642:
1639:
1630:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1603:
1597:
1588:
1583:
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1452:
1450:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1416:
1414:
1403:
1401:
1389:
1387:
1384:– 72 as of 2016
1375:
1373:
1362:
1360:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1328:
1316:
1314:
1302:
1300:
1288:
1286:
1274:
1272:
1260:
1258:
1246:
1244:
1232:
1230:
1225:(KDP) Peshmerga
1215:Iraqi Kurdistan
1208:
1206:
1190:
1188:
1185:– 30 as of 2016
1176:
1174:
1171:– 18 as of 2016
1162:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1135:
1133:
1121:
1119:
1107:
1105:
1093:
1091:
1079:
1077:
1074:– 44 as of 2016
1065:
1063:
1052:
1050:
1047:– 24 as of 2016
1038:
1036:
1033:– 34 as of 2016
1024:
1022:
1010:
1008:
1004:
997:
993:
991:
987:
979:
974:
880:Sino-Indian War
870:
862:
830:
795:
711:
706:
704:Similar weapons
686:
660:
642:
637:
601:
599:
470:
404:
348:
320:
277:hydro-pneumatic
241:
230:
133:
58:Service history
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2827:Self-propelled
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:2S5 Giatsint-S
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2761:Self-propelled
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2735:Self-propelled
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:Self-propelled
2694:
2693:
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2690:
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2363:
2362:
2355:
2354:External links
2352:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2325:
2324:
2298:
2279:
2277:, p. 297.
2267:
2265:, p. 205.
2255:
2253:, p. 203.
2243:
2241:, p. 354.
2231:
2229:, p. 289.
2219:
2217:, p. 132.
2207:
2205:, p. 190.
2195:
2193:, p. 406.
2183:
2177:978-0367466398
2176:
2157:
2155:, p. 188.
2145:
2114:
2112:, p. 491.
2102:
2089:IHS Jane's 360
2075:
2073:, p. 328.
2063:
2061:, p. 107.
2051:
2049:, p. 438.
2039:
2037:, p. 242.
2027:
2020:
1999:
1987:
1948:
1946:, p. 180.
1936:
1934:, p. 178.
1924:
1922:, p. 429.
1912:
1897:
1871:
1844:
1824:
1813:. 11 June 2022
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1131:
1117:
1103:
1089:
1075:
1061:
1048:
1034:
1020:
1019:– 4 as of 2016
1005:
1003:
1000:
992:
986:
978:
975:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:War in Donbass
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
905:Yom Kippur War
902:
897:
892:
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882:
877:
871:
869:
866:
861:
860:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
831:
829:
826:
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824:
809:Serbo-Croatian
794:
791:
790:
789:
764:
742:
710:
707:
705:
702:
685:
682:
681:
680:
672:
659:
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641:
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633:
598:
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558:anti-personnel
535:high explosive
469:
466:
403:
400:
359:
358:
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
337:
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:Burst: 5–6 rpm
317:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
285:
281:
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273:
267:
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215:
211:
210:
207:
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202:
195:
188:
187:
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180:
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176:
172:
171:
170:Specifications
167:
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156:
155:
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148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
135:
134:
132:
131:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
91:Yom Kippur War
88:
83:
77:
75:
71:
70:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
43:Towed howitzer
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2926:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:2S39 Magnolia
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2818:
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2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2725:2K22 Tunguska
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:anti-aircraft
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
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2415:Anti-aircraft
2412:
2408:
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2401:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
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2345:9781857438352
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2199:
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2192:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2021:9781032012278
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1997:, p. 82.
1996:
1991:
1988:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1898:9780553345490
1894:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1872:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1687:
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1677:
1670:
1666:
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1662:
1658:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1601:Iran–Iraq War
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1568:
1566:
1555:
1552:
1541:
1539:
1528:
1525:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1497:
1494:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1449:
1446:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1413:
1411:
1400:
1397:
1386:
1383:
1372:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1345:
1342:
1341:Romanian Army
1338:
1327:
1324:
1313:
1310:
1299:
1296:
1285:
1282:
1271:
1268:
1257:
1254:
1243:
1240:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1184:
1173:
1170:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1132:
1129:
1118:
1115:
1104:
1101:
1090:
1087:
1076:
1073:
1062:
1060:
1049:
1046:
1035:
1032:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1006:
1001:
990: Current
983:
976:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:Yugoslav wars
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:Iran–Iraq War
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
867:
865:
858:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:
827:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:
797:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:Romanian Army
724:
721:
720:
715:
708:
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
678:
677:
673:
671:
667:
666:
662:
661:
652:
648:
644:
643:
639:
634:
632:
630:
625:
617:
596:
594:
590:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
570:
566:
562:
559:
554:
552:
549:and probably
548:
544:
540:
539:fragmentation
536:
531:
529:
524:
520:
518:
513:
509:
505:
502:
497:
494:
491:
490:sliding-block
487:
479:
474:
467:
465:
463:
459:
456:(GRAU index:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
374:
370:
366:
356:
352:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
318:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
272:
268:
265:
264:sliding-wedge
261:
259:
255:
251:
249:
245:
239:
237:
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
165:
164:Yekaterinburg
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
101:Iran–Iraq War
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
76:
72:
69:, many others
68:
65:
61:
56:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2787:2S3 Akatsiya
2782:2S1 Gvozdika
2738:assault guns
2635:BM-30 Smerch
2630:BM-27 Uragan
2572:M-160 mortar
2407:World War II
2335:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:
2301:
2292:
2282:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2166:
2160:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2127:
2117:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2088:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2011:
2002:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1939:
1927:
1915:
1882:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1857:
1852:Pike, John.
1847:
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1752:
1726:. Retrieved
1722:the original
1712:
1685:
1679:
1551:Soviet Union
1526:– Phased out
1510:
1476:East Germany
1382:Turkmenistan
1255:– as of 2016
996: Former
863:
804:
798:
786:
774:
766:
752:
744:
730:
722:
697:
693:
687:
674:
669:
663:
646:
621:
591:
588:
555:
543:illuminating
532:
525:
521:
517:has a shield
514:
510:
506:
498:
495:
486:muzzle brake
483:
464:("Acacia").
462:2S3 Akatsiya
457:
453:
447:
445:was "D-20".
428:
424:
405:
395:
388:Soviet Union
381:gun-howitzer
368:
364:
362:
199:muzzle brake
194: length
159:Manufacturer
67:Soviet Union
63:Used by
52:Soviet Union
18:
2838:2S4 Tyulpan
2817:A-222 Bereg
2802:2S19 Msta-S
2660:Zemledeliye
2577:2B9 Vasilek
2567:2B14 Podnos
1309:North Korea
985:Operators:
890:Six-Day War
875:Vietnam War
729:; known as
622:During the
582:(HEAT) and
501:split trail
478:Chornomorsk
468:Description
288:Split trail
279:recuperator
130:many others
86:Six-Day War
81:Vietnam War
2883:Categories
2868:2S42 Lotos
2858:2S40 Floks
2812:2S43 Malva
2615:BM-21 Grad
2488:Field guns
2138:24 January
2128:Jane's 360
1907:1036801376
1695:0020806000
1671:References
1578:Yugoslavia
1565:Uzbekistan
1538:Kazakhstan
1219:Iraqi Army
1045:Azerbaijan
843:Incendiary
828:Ammunition
787:Model 1984
551:incendiary
528:obturation
431:Sverdlovsk
426:brigades.
299:-5° to 45°
2863:2S41 Drok
2848:2S31 Vena
2764:howitzers
2587:2S12 Sani
2511:Howitzers
2454:Anti-tank
2403:artillery
2317:7 October
1980:5 January
1728:29 August
1704:911907988
1355:Sri Lanka
1281:Nicaragua
1144:– Type 66
977:Operators
857:Krasnopol
852:Flechette
749:Type 59-1
670:Type 66-1
569:Krasnopol
565:flechette
561:land mine
537:(HE) and
480:, Ukraine
412:Schneider
394:index is
384:artillery
295:Elevation
2843:2S9 Nona
2797:2S7 Pion
2720:ZSU-57-2
2429:AZP S-60
2132:Archived
2010:(2021).
1864:1 August
1659:See also
1511:152 H 55
1114:Ethiopia
1072:Bulgaria
940:Iraq War
935:Gulf War
864:Source:
849:Chemical
840:DPICM-BB
779:Romanian
757:Romanian
735:Romanian
635:Variants
547:chemical
396:52-P-546
305:Traverse
284:Carriage
151:Designed
143:Designer
2830:mortars
2777:2B1 Oka
2645:Tornado
2554:Mortars
2424:ZU-23-2
2400:Russian
2095:29 July
1817:14 June
1791:14 June
1763:14 June
1718:"Пушки"
1586:Gallery
1524:Germany
1507:Finland
1459:Artsakh
1445:Albania
1410:Vietnam
1396:Ukraine
1337:Romania
1295:Nigeria
1267:Myanmar
1253:Moldova
1169:Hungary
1128:Georgia
1059:Belarus
1031:Armenia
1002:Current
709:Romania
698:Tokchon
688:The US
676:Type 83
665:Type 66
616:Siversk
402:History
373:Russian
248:Caliber
2751:ASU-85
2746:ASU-57
2610:BMD-20
2405:after
2396:Soviet
2342:
2174:
2018:
1905:
1895:
1702:
1692:
1575:
1562:
1548:
1535:
1521:
1504:
1490:
1473:
1456:
1443:
1430:Former
1420:
1407:
1393:
1379:
1366:
1352:
1334:
1323:Russia
1320:
1306:
1292:
1278:
1264:
1250:
1236:
1212:
1194:
1180:
1166:
1153:
1139:
1125:
1111:
1098:
1083:
1069:
1056:
1042:
1028:
1017:Angola
1014:
994:
988:
651:rammer
647:Khitin
576:jammer
433:, now
354:Sights
271:Recoil
258:Breech
214:Height
192:Barrel
183:Length
2678:SPG-9
2655:TOS-2
2650:TOS-1
2625:BM-25
2620:BM-24
2605:BM-14
2091:. IHS
1493:Egypt
1423:Yemen
1369:Syria
837:DPICM
416:ML-20
236:Shell
206:Width
25:D-20
2703:guns
2562:2B11
2456:guns
2417:guns
2398:and
2340:ISBN
2319:2023
2312:Oryx
2293:Oryx
2172:ISBN
2140:2019
2097:2015
2016:ISBN
1982:2019
1903:OCLC
1893:ISBN
1866:2023
1819:2022
1793:2022
1765:2022
1730:2011
1700:OCLC
1690:ISBN
1239:Laos
1197:Iraq
1183:Iran
1116:– 20
1086:Cuba
868:Wars
805:NORA
767:A425
745:A412
723:A411
645:The
458:2A33
454:D-22
392:GRAU
369:D-20
363:The
222:Crew
175:Mass
154:1947
74:Wars
40:Type
1889:153
1102:– 6
803:or
553:.
422:.
371:, (
309:58°
2885::
2310:.
2291:.
2126:.
2087:.
1951:^
1901:.
1891:.
1856:.
1827:^
1809:.
1784:.
1773:^
1751:.
1738:^
1698:.
1339:–
811::
781::
759::
737::
700:.
631:.
567:,
563:,
545:,
398:.
375::
2388:e
2381:t
2374:v
2348:.
2321:.
2295:.
2180:.
2142:.
2099:.
2024:.
1984:.
1909:.
1868:.
1821:.
1795:.
1767:.
1732:.
1706:.
859:"
807:(
777:(
763:)
755:(
741:)
733:(
225:8
201:)
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