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495:(APDS) ammunition could penetrate 209 mm (8 inches) of armour at 500 m and 192 mm (7.6 in) at 1,000 m at a 30-degree angle, though the accuracy of the APDS round was poor during the war. In comparison, the M7 gun on the standard M10 using APCBC ammunition would penetrate 98 mm (3.9 in) of armour at 500 m at a 30-degree angle, and 88 mm of armour at 1,000 m at a 30-degree angle. Only with High-Velocity Armour Piercing (HVAP) ammunition did that gun compare with the 17-pounder, the ammunition being able to penetrate 140 mm (5.5 in) at 500 m at a 30-degree angle, and 127 mm (5.0 in) at 1,000 m at a 30-degree angle. However, 3-inch HVAP ammunition was in very short supply, whereas the standard 17-pounder ammunition was available in huge quantities for the British.
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mitigating the weak armour protection of the
Achilles as being used defensively usually allowed it to fire the vital first shot. This was in line with the original design concept of the vehicle, intended to blunt German "blitzkrieg" attack tactics. The M10/Achilles turret had an extremely slow manual only turret rotation, a limited tactical disadvantage when the tank was used only in a defensive role. As such, they had an advantage over the German Sturmgeschütz, which had a gun in limited traverse casement. However, the Sturmgeschütz's low profile and heavy armour were significant assets that allowed it to be successful in its different tactical environment. Usually, the only time the British used the M10 and Achilles offensively was in support of
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623:, a counterattack by a mixed force of Panzer IV and Panther tanks of the 12th SS Panzer Regiment was defeated by Achilles and 17-pounder anti tank guns of 245th Battery, 62nd Anti-tank Regiment. Thirteen German tanks were destroyed in one of the most successful anti-tank engagements of the campaign, for the loss of four self-propelled guns and a further four damaged.
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The armour of the M10 provided good protection against the 50 mm gun mounted on most German tanks and anti-tank guns. The M10 was first made available to the
British in 1943. These vehicles were open-topped and mounted a 3-inch (76.2 mm) M7 American gun, which was significantly more powerful than the
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The desire to mount the 17-pounder on the M10 was governed by the degree of difficulty involved in mounting the 17-pounder on the tank itself. Luckily for the
British, the initial batches of M10s had an easily modified gun mounting to facilitate the future replacement of the older 3-inch M7 gun with
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Two other material changes were made to the
Achilles: the addition of 17 mm (0.67 in) thick armour plates welded to the front and sides of the M10 to increase armour protection, and the M10's open turret was fitted with a 20 mm thick shield to provide protection from overhead threats.
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in
Armoured Division or Corps Anti-tank (A/Tk) Regiments . A typical A/Tk Regiment would have 4 batteries, 2 x towed 17 pdr Batteries, 1 x Achilles and 1 x M10 Battery. The M10 Battery was replaced by a second Achilles Battery as more vehicles became available. Perhaps the most successful action of
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As a result, the
British used the Achilles as a quickly deployable anti-tank gun, able to reinforce a position taken by infantry and engage counter-attacking German forces while the slower towed 17-pounders were pulled up and dug in for a more long-term defensive presence. This had the advantage of
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The
British had planned to convert 1,000 M10s into 17pdr armed variants for Normandy, but for some reason conversions were not started until April 1944. By 6 June 1944, only 124 M10s had been converted; however, the number of conversions post D-day increased and by the end of the year 816 M10s had
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on its long barrel. This gave the
Achilles a distinctive appearance compared to the comparatively short-barrelled, brakeless, entirely straight barrel of the M10. Once the Germans discovered the effectiveness of the Achilles' gun on the same M10 carriage as the much less powerful M7 gun, attempts
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The 17 pdr SP Achilles was basically a modified M10, the principal difference being the gun. The main armament of the
Achilles was the Ordnance QF 17-pounder, a substantially more powerful gun than the 3 inch (76.2 mm) M7 mounted on the standard M10. The single top-mounted .50 inch (12.7 mm)
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in order to comply with the high-speed requirement for the tank. At the same time, the
British had been examining the possibility of designing a low-silhouette self-propelled anti-tank gun, preferably with a 360-degree traversing turret, with armour that would be able to resist the German
543:. This gun mounting design allowed for the British to replace the 3-inch gun with the 17-pounder gun. The British took delivery of some 845 vehicles in 1943, but of the second version of the M10, only the T71 mark designed to carry the M1 gun could carry the 17-pounder.
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front on. The next generation British anti-gun, the 17-pounder, was able to deal with Tigers and Panthers but had a far longer emplacement time prior to battle than the 6-pounder due to its larger size, often taking a day to fully prepare for action.
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gun fitted to German tanks at 800 yards and mounting the 17-pounder anti-tank gun. However, with the arrival of the M10 on the battlefield in late 1942, British plans for a turreted self-propelled gun were cancelled.
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The 17-pounder mounted on the Achilles was able to penetrate some 140 mm (5.5 in) of armour at 500 m (550 yd) and 131 mm (5.2 in) at 1,000 m (1,100 yd) using standard
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The name "Achilles" was officially a designation applied to both the 3-inch gun and 17-pounder versions (as Achilles I/II and Achilles Ic/IIc respectively) but was little used during the
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373:; at the time, the vehicle was called 17pdr M10, or 17pdr SP M10, or even occasionally, "Firefly". It has since become identified almost exclusively with the 17 pounder version.
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meant that many British units went ashore with the standard M10s and that losses in Achilles-equipped units were often replaced by standard 3-inch armed M10s.
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German personnel examine an Achilles of 245 Battery, 62nd Regiment, Royal Artillery, knocked out with three penetrating hits to its turret in Normandy, 1944
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Canada rebuilt m10 at the Montreal Locomotive Works and gave 48 m10 to Denmark and the Netherlands in 1955. They were used in local defense until 1989.
362:. A total of 1,100 M10s were converted to Achilles, making it the second most numerous armoured fighting vehicle to carry the 17-pounder gun, behind the
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a small, light gun able to defeat the more common German Panzer IV and Sturmgeschütz with regular ammunition but not the heavier
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As a self-propelled anti-tank gun, both Achilles and standard M10s were distributed to and operated by the regiments of the
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the Achilles was conducted by B troop, 245th Battery, 62nd Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery attached to the Canadian
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In the wake of Germany's successful 1939–41 campaigns, US armour doctrine had incorporated the idea of fast, lightly
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carrying high-velocity anti-tank guns as the best way to deal with the fast-moving spearheads of the German
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The standard anti-tank gun used in infantry units in the British Army was the
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were made to disguise the 17-pounder by painting its brake and counterweight.
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that was mounted on British tanks of the period and was of equal power to the
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Buckley, J. "British Armour in the Normandy Campaign" Abingdon (2004) p. 171
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An Achilles 17-pdr tank destroyer uses a building as cover in Hassum
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491:(APCBC) ammunition impacting at a 30-degree angle. When supplied,
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869:. New Vanguard 98. illustrated by Brian Delf. Osprey Publishing.
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British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
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727:- a 17 pdr gun in a fixed position on a Valentine tank chassis.
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The 17-pounder required a counterweight fitted behind the
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Top-down view of open fighting compartment of the Achilles
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5 (commander, loader, gunner, loader's assistant, driver)
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Fisher Tank Arsenal Grand Blanc, Michigan - converted by
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units, which lacked the associated 17 pdr-armed tanks (
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Achilles went ashore on D-Day, equipping units of the
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Copyright © 1997 - 2024 Danish Army Vehicles Homepage
410:, the British did use self-propelled AT guns such as
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1731:World War II armoured fighting vehicles of Canada
418:chassis was fitted with the 17-pdr to create the
358:in place of the M10's considerably less powerful
466:which was driven into the river, 24 October 1944
99:Achilles nickname "Tiger" in Dutch service, 1950
1741:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
944:Light tank Mk I, Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV and Mk V
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781:Copyright © 2008 - 2024 HKSKHF / Pansermuseet
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818:British Armour in the Normandy Campaign 1944
422:which was used later in north-west Europe.
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389:. The M10 was based on the chassis of the
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840:Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy
733:- an American 90mm gun upgrade of the M10
489:Armour Piercing, Capped, Ballistic Capped
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1726:World War II tanks of the United Kingdom
842:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
32:This article includes a list of general
1603:Bedford Cockatrice and Heavy Cockatrice
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343:) is a British variant of the American
647:until 1951 were they were replaced by
7:
354:high-velocity 76.2 mm (3-inch)
341:17 pounder, Self-Propelled, Achilles
16:British self-propelled anti-tank gun
867:British Anti-tank Artillery 1939-45
752:British Anti-tank Artillery 1939–45
393:but carrying thinner although more
1592:Australian experimental light tank
959:Light tank Mk VIII 'Harry Hopkins'
917:armoured fighting vehicles of the
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
772:Copp (2003), pp. 103–104, 296–297
305:Vertical Volute Spring Suspension
183:5.97 m (19 ft 7 in) excluding gun
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667:17pdr SP Achilles on display at
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493:Armour-piercing discarding sabot
483:heavy machine gun was retained.
93:
23:
1476:Morris Light Reconnaissance Car
1471:Humber Light Reconnaissance Car
1420:Marmon-Herrington Armoured Cars
1481:Otter Light Reconnaissance Car
799:Copyright ©2015-2024 Tank AFVs
140:
1:
643:The M10 was also used in the
609:Royal Hamilton Light Infantry
1736:World War II tank destroyers
1504:AEC Armoured Command Vehicle
534:in Germany, 20 February 1945
456:self-propelled anti-tank gun
222:9 to 57.2 mm (0.3 to 2.3 in)
109:Self-propelled anti-tank gun
1415:Lanchester 6×4 armoured car
687:At the 3rd Cavalry Museum,
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954:Light tank Mk VII Tetrarch
1706:Tanks in the British Army
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211:
115:Place of origin
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1441:Rover Light Armoured Car
1436:Rolls-Royce armoured car
1430:Rhino Heavy Armoured Car
750:Chris Henry, Brian Delf
604:Royal Canadian Artillery
87:17pdr SP M10 "Achilles"
725:Archer (tank destroyer)
462:in northern Italy on a
360:3-inch (76.2 mm) Gun M7
350:armed with the British
159:29.6 tonnes (65,000 lb)
53:more precise citations.
1447:Staghound Armoured Car
1409:Indian Pattern Carrier
1391:Greyhound Armoured Car
1367:Boarhound Armoured Car
1141:Vickers Medium Mark II
706:Displayed outside the
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475:
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408:North African campaign
352:Ordnance QF 17-pounder
266:Bren light machine gun
236:Ordnance QF 17-pounder
1598:Basilisk Armoured Car
1563:Experimental vehicles
1375:Coventry Armoured Car
865:Henry, Chris (2004).
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428:Ordnance QF 6-pounder
1540:C15TA Armoured Truck
1380:Daimler Armoured Car
1041:Centaur and Cromwell
915:British Commonwealth
615:to take the city of
549:invasion of Normandy
1464:Reconnaissance cars
1455:Standard Beaverette
1404:Humber Armoured Car
708:Bastogne War Museum
613:Operation Charnwood
591:) that Sherman and
276:General Motors 6046
1546:Leyland Beaver-Eel
1236:Armoured personnel
1219:M10 tank destroyer
731:M36 tank destroyer
654:Surviving examples
536:
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476:
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454:An Achilles 17pdr
432:7.5 cm KwK 40
199:2.57 m (8 ft 2 in)
123:Production history
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1209:17pdr SP Achilles
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849:978-0-8020-3780-0
440:Sturmgeschütz III
383:armoured vehicles
337:17pdr SP Achilles
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181:in) including gun
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1495:Armoured command
1399:Guy Armoured Car
1385:Fox Armoured Car
1362:AEC Armoured Car
1334:Humber scout car
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949:Light tank Mk VI
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371:Second World War
329:51 km/h (32 mph)
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252:.50 in (12.7 mm)
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1300:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:M9 half-track
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:M5 half-track
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:M3 half-track
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:M2 half-track
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Cruiser Mk IV
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Cruiser Mk II
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
998:Cruiser tanks
995:
989:
986:
983:
981:
978:
975:
973:
970:
967:
965:
964:Vickers 6-ton
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
933:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
886:
878:
876:9781841766386
872:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
827:0-7146-5323-3
823:
820:. Routledge.
819:
815:
814:Buckley, John
811:
810:
806:
796:
793:
787:
784:
778:
775:
769:
766:
760:
757:
753:
747:
744:
737:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
718:
713:
709:
702:
697:
694:
690:
683:
678:
674:
670:
663:
658:
653:
651:
650:
646:
638:
636:
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
601:
596:
594:
593:Cromwell tank
590:
586:
580:
577:
573:
569:
561:
559:
557:
552:
550:
544:
542:
533:
529:
525:
517:
510:
508:
504:
501:
496:
494:
490:
484:
482:
472:
465:
464:Churchill ARK
461:
458:crossing the
457:
452:
445:
443:
442:assault gun.
441:
437:
433:
429:
423:
421:
417:
413:
412:6-pdr Deacon.
409:
404:
401:
396:
395:sloped armour
392:
388:
384:
376:
374:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
356:anti-tank gun
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
328:
322:
318:
310:
306:
303:
299:
296:12.5 hp/tonne
295:
291:
287:
281:
278:diesel (twin
277:
274:
270:
267:
259:
256:
255:Browning M2HB
253:
250:
242:
237:
233:
225:
221:
219:
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
145:
138:
134:
133:Royal Arsenal
130:
126:
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
96:
91:
84:
81:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1700:Background:
1699:
1668:
1629:Hillman Gnat
1613:Black Prince
1553:
1449:
1393:
1369:
1345:S1 Scout Car
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1251:Loyd Carrier
1221:
1208:
1181:
1130:
1116:
1106:Medium tanks
1006:Cruiser Mk I
987:
979:
971:
969:M3/M5 Stuart
866:
839:
817:
795:
786:
777:
768:
759:
751:
746:
689:Fort Cavazos
642:
630:
597:
581:
565:
553:
545:
541:76 mm gun M1
537:
505:
500:muzzle brake
497:
485:
477:
434:used by the
424:
405:
380:
368:
340:
339:(officially
336:
334:
293:Power/weight
284:375 hp (276
128:Manufacturer
80:
65:
56:
37:
1693:New Zealand
1530:Bedford OXA
985:M24 Chaffee
936:Light tanks
836:Copp, Terry
619:. South of
595:units had.
481:M2 Browning
460:River Savio
406:During the
400:5 cm KwK 39
313:Operational
260:machine gun
143: built
51:introducing
1720:Categories
1677:Australian
1673:lend-lease
1509:Guy Lizard
1425:Morris CS9
1316:Scout cars
1303:Scout cars
1086:Matilda II
1046:Challenger
1026:Covenanter
977:M22 Locust
807:References
645:Korean war
639:Korean war
539:the newer
511:Production
391:M4 Sherman
387:blitzkrieg
301:Suspension
262:420 rounds
135:, Woolwich
59:March 2010
34:references
1671:American
1634:Schofield
1624:Excelsior
1525:Armadillo
1197:anti-tank
1157:artillery
1122:Grizzly I
1114:Grant/Lee
1096:Churchill
1091:Valentine
1081:Matilda I
673:Bovington
438:tank and
436:Panzer IV
245:Secondary
239:50 rounds
1681:Canadian
1650:Tortoise
1497:vehicles
1288:Terrapin
1246:Kangaroo
1238:carriers
1062:Sentinel
1036:Cavalier
1031:Crusader
858:56329119
838:(2003).
816:(2004).
719:See also
572:Panthers
247:armament
234:76.2 mm
230:armament
1655:Valiant
1608:Avenger
1128:Sherman
712:Belgium
611:during
530:, near
377:Origins
176:⁄
47:improve
1685:Indian
1587:Alecto
1214:Archer
1204:Deacon
1187:Sexton
1179:Priest
1174:Bishop
873:
856:
846:
824:
631:After
576:Tigers
446:Design
420:Archer
366:tank.
307:(VVSS)
272:Engine
218:Armour
196:Height
164:Length
36:, but
1687:, SA
1667:Key:
1645:TOG 2
1640:TOG 1
1535:Bison
1166:field
1051:Comet
927:Tanks
738:Notes
693:Texas
621:Buron
315:range
188:Width
146:1,100
1691:, ¶
1683:, §
1679:, ‡
1675:, †
871:ISBN
854:OCLC
844:ISBN
822:ISBN
617:Caen
602:and
574:and
532:Goch
414:The
335:The
280:6-71
228:Main
204:Crew
156:Mass
105:Type
1575:AC4
1570:A20
1305:and
1056:Ram
710:in
633:ww2
345:M10
141:No.
1722::
1704:,
852:.
691:,
675:UK
671:,
286:kW
258:AA
1669:*
1636:¶
1620:¶
1594:†
1583:†
1577:†
1554:*
1542:‡
1483:‡
1450:*
1443:†
1432:†
1411:§
1394:*
1387:‡
1370:*
1347:†
1341:‡
1330:†
1283:*
1275:*
1267:*
1259:*
1222:*
1189:‡
1182:*
1131:*
1124:‡
1117:*
1064:†
1058:‡
988:*
980:*
972:*
907:e
900:t
893:v
879:.
860:.
830:.
288:)
282:)
178:4
174:1
171:+
169:8
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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