1132:, on August 21, four days after the storm hit the Outer Banks. In his report Dosher wrote: "The howling wind, the rushing and roaring tide and the awful sea which swept over the beach and thundered like a thousand pieces of artillery made a picture which was at once appalling and terrible and the like of which Dante's Inferno could scarcely equal." He stated, "At about 8 p.m. on the 17th when the wind lulled and shifted to the east and the tide began to run off with great swiftness, causing a fall of several feet in less than a half hour, a prayer of thankfulness went up from every soul on the island, and strong men, who had held up a brave heart against the terrible strain of the past 12 hours, broke down and wept like children..."
921:
586:, hence the hurricane's nickname. Several weather stations across the island reported low barometric pressures, with a reading as low as 939 mbar (27.7 inHg) in Guayama. Wind shifts were also experienced across the island, primarily in the south and the west. The storm crossed Puerto Rico in approximately six hours and emerged into the Atlantic Ocean late on August 8, while weakening to a Category 3 hurricane, with winds decreasing to 120 mph (195 km/h). The hurricane would maintain this intensity for more than nine days. Continuing west-northward, the hurricane brushed the north coast of
1020:. Damage to homes in Nassau was light in comparison to the dwellings in the suburbs, where lower-class homes suffered extensive impact or were completely destroyed. A total of 44 multi-family residences were demolished. Many adobes in Adelaide were flattened, forcing 12 families to live in a church. Three people suffered serious injuries after a home near Gambier was destroyed. The entire community of Gambier was reportedly wiped out. Local agriculture also experienced significant impact, with two orchards alone losing many trees and thousands of fruits. All sisal plantations on the island were demolished.
1232:'s initial assessment of damage, he requested that the federal government appeal to citizens for aid. In San Juan, Major John Van Hoff established a Board of Charities, which was staffed by military doctors and clergy. Davis requested that similar committees be developed and headed by three "people of respectability" in each town. At the time, the island was divided into 12 military districts. Davis ordered that commanding officers assess damage in each district and report the number of citizens without food and shelter. Hundreds submitted petitions for tax relief, including 369 in
1052:. Of the six men on the other raft, three of them intentionally jumped into the ocean and drowned. Because the remaining three men realized that they were facing starvation or death by dehydration, they drew locks to determine who would be cannibalized by the other two. The man who lost was killed and the two surviving people drank blood from his veins. One of the persons remaining then went insane and bit large chunks of flesh from the other man's face and chest. On August 31, two weeks after the ship sunk, the two survivors were finally rescued by the British steamer
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young as 8-years old. At Gray's
Settlement, several houses, outbuildings, and a church were destroyed. Of the buildings that remained standing, many lost their roof. At Barritarri and Rolleville, churches were deroofed and several small buildings suffered complete destruction. Throughout the island, 97 dwellings were destroyed and 131 others were damaged, which did not include the number of kitchens, barns, and homes demolished at Alexandria and Stuart's Manor. Overall, the storm left at least 64 fatalities on Exuma alone.
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893:. Approximately 250,000 people were left without food and shelter. Overall, damage totaled approximately $ 35.8 million, with over half were losses inflicted on crops, particularly coffee. At the time, it was the costliest and worst tropical cyclone in Puerto Rico. The number of fatalities ranged from 3,100 to 3,400, with the official estimate being 3,369. The San Ciriaco hurricane is the deadliest tropical cyclone in the history of Puerto Rico.
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343:. Eleven deaths were reported on the island. In Puerto Rico, the system brought strong winds and heavy rainfall, which caused extensive flooding. Approximately 250,000 people were left without food and shelter. Additionally, telephone, telegraph, and electrical services were completely lost. Overall, damage totaled approximately $ 20 million, with over half were losses inflicted on crops, particularly coffee.
660:. The extratropical system moved east-southeastward and then southeastward, while continuing to weaken. By August 24, it curved eastward and then northeastward the next day. Operationally, it was believed that the system remained extratropical. However, Partagas indicated that it regenerated into a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on August 26, while located about 695 miles (1,120 km) southwest of
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1027:. Several settlements along the northern portions of the island were devastated, with numerous homes flattened and all crops were destroyed, including coconuts, corn, grapefruit, oranges, peas, and potatoes. At Red Bays, two churches were destroyed and many houses were washed away. Several sponging vessels were beached, resulting in an "astronomical" number of casualties. Only seven homes remained standing at
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633:, with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). Five hours later, the storm weakened to a Category 2 hurricane. Around midday on August 18, it fell to Category 1 hurricane intensity while re-emerging into the Atlantic Ocean. Thereafter, the storm drifted slowly east-northeastward before accelerating to the northeast after 12:00 UTC on August 19. It moved parallel to
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908:. Within the municipality of Ponce, 500 people died, mostly from drowning. Streets were flooded, waterfront businesses were destroyed, and several government buildings were damaged. Telephone, telegraph, and electrical services were completely lost. Ponce was described as an image of "horrible desolation" by its municipal council. Impact was worst in
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intensity with a maximum sustained wind speed of 80 mph (130 km/h). Late on
September 3, the storm passed through the Azores, shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. After becoming extratropical, the remnants moved rapidly northeastward and continued to weaken, before dissipating southwest of
857:, 5-minute sustained winds were 72 mph (116 km/h), while 1-minute sustained winds were as high as 120 mph (190 km/h). About 200 small houses were destroyed on Saint Kitts, with estates suffering considerable damage. Despite the impact, no deaths occurred, which was attributed to ample warnings. On
1143:, where nearly every house was swept away. A number of farm animals drowned. The tides unearthed caskets, damaging them and leaving bones scattered throughout the towns. After the storm, residents began abandoning the area and re-settled in other cities, most of them located elsewhere in the Outer Banks. On
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and then crossed the
Bahamas, striking several islands. Then, on August 14, it started to move north while still being located east of Florida. The storm recurved northeastward early the next morning and appeared to be moving out to sea. However, by August 17, it turned back to the northwest and
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was submerged in 4 to 10 ft (1.2 to 3.0 m) of water due to storm surge. A personal account by
Weather Bureau observer S. L. Dosher noted that it was typical for 40 to 50 individuals in Hatteras to seek shelter in a home because of coastal flooding, only to be forced to venture to
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encountered the hurricane. A large wave swept the captain and seven crew members overboard. The remaining men built a makeshift raft out of the ship's plank in order to survive. However, the raft split into two, with two men on one portion and six on the other. On the former raft, a person committed
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was devastated by the storm. All boats and other forms of transportation on the island were destroyed, with several crews either completely lost or missing some few members. Several bodies washed ashore and were immediately buried. A total of 46 deaths were reported at sea, with some victims as
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on August 26. It moved slowly north-northwestward, until curving to the east on August 29. Between August 26 and
September 1, the storm did not differentiate in intensity, but began re-strengthening while turning southeastward on September 2. Early on the following day, the
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By
September 1, the storm began to accelerate and moved east-southeastward. It resumed intensification the next day after curving southeast, and was upgraded to a hurricane early on September 3, based on barometric pressure data. A few hours later, the hurricane attained a secondary peak
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Thereafter, the storm strengthened and reached winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) early on August 4. Intensification halted until late on the following day, at which time the storm reached hurricane status. Around 18:00 UTC on August 6, it became a
Category 2 hurricane. Early
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The storm weakened after moving inland and fell to
Category 1 intensity by 1200 UTC on August 18. Later that day, the storm re-emerged into the Atlantic. Now heading northeastward, it continued weakening, but maintained Category 1 intensity. By late on August 20, the storm
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of 28.00 inHg (948 mb) was measured during the worst conditions, accompanied by hurricane-force winds from the west-southwest. Not one family escaped serious damage, even on the highest land, and the storm destroyed all the crops, leading to starvation. Many homes were badly damaged or
1147:, the island was covered with 4 to 5 feet (1.2 to 1.5 metres) of water. A total of 33 homes were destroyed and nearly every other suffered damage. Additionally, two churches were demolished. Several cows, horses, and sheep drowned. Among the ships that wrecked was the barkentine
1035:. At Coakley Town, several houses were blown down, while a number of vessels sunk. Overall, at least 114 deaths occurred on land alone. Several schooners were lost near Andros Island, while at least 30 other schooners were driven ashore and severely damaged or demolished.
543:, it continued to strengthen, reaching Category 4 status around midday on August 7. Shortly thereafter, the hurricane passed through the Lesser Antilles and made landfall on Guadeloupe. At 18:00 UTC on August 7, the system attained its peak intensity with a
1070:, recorded sustained winds of 52 mph (84 km/h) and a gusts up to 63 mph (101 km/h). Winds downed all telegraph lines in the area, which disrupted telegraphic communications for about 48 hours. Brief periods of heavy rainfall were also reported. At
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archipelago of
Guadeloupe. Impact was severe in Montserrat, with nearly every building destroyed. The Courthouse and a school, both of which remained standing, became crowded with homeless women and children. One-hundred deaths and fourteen-hundred injuries were reported.
1244:. Many roads and bridges were rebuilt in the following months. However, because the railroads were privately owned, the government hesitated to begin repairs. Various municipal governments proposed 25 million to 30 million pesos in bonds to fund restoration efforts.
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another dwelling due to rising water. In only four houses, less than 1 ft (0.30 m) of water was recorded. All fishing piers and equipment were destroyed, while every bridge was swept away. About 10 vessels, including a large steamship, were wrecked.
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At the time, it was the costliest and worst tropical cyclone in the history of Puerto Rico. It was estimated that the storm caused 3,369 fatalities on the island territory. In the
Bahamas, strong winds and waves sank 50 small crafts, most of them at
282:, this storm was first observed southwest of Cape Verde on August 3. It slowly strengthened while heading steadily west-northwestward across the Atlantic Ocean and reached hurricane status by late on August 5. During the following 48 hours, the
950:, three vessels were lost and a schooner was left stranded at Lantern Head, while other boats that were hauled up on the bay suffered severe damage. Air pressure on the island dipped to 28.28 inHg (958 mb). The public school house was demolished on
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Strong winds were observed in coastal North Carolina, with sustained winds up to 93 mph (150 km/h) and gusts as high as 140 mph (230 km/h). However, the anemometer then blew away. According to the Weather Bureau, "the entire island" of
668:. Initially, the rejuvenated system drifted slowly north-northwestward, before turning northward on August 27. No change in intensity occurred for nearly a week. On August 28, it curved northeastward and then eastward, while continuing to drift.
1016:, fences and boundary walls separating businesses and properties were felled. A fruit factory, a sponge warehouse, a dancing pavilion, and about 100 smaller buildings were destroyed. A few public buildings were damaged, including the prison and the
1314:
There was so much Destruction in Diamond City, North Carolina that the approximately 500 residents of the settlement and island decided to move inland. The last of the residents had left by 1902, and even relocated houses to nearby places such as
1265:, 4,200 undershirts for men, 600 pairs of trousers, and 215 children's garments. H. C. F. Koch & Co. also sent 265 articles of women and children's clothing. Additionally, the Windsor Company donated one case of
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curved eastward over the northwestern Atlantic. It also began losing tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 0000 UTC on August 22, while located about 325 miles (525 km) south of
1372:. Two historians, living in Hawaii, documented the history of Puerto Rican migration to Hawaii and stated the San Ciriaco hurricane was one of the main reasons why Puerto Ricans went to Hawaii. "Nicolas G. Vegas wrote in his
861:, the hurricane left "general destruction" and at least 21 fatalities. Nearly all estates were demolished on Saint Croix, while almost every large building was deroofed. Eleven deaths were reported on the island.
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Some wealthy citizens and local governments in Puerto Rico provided food and shelter in the immediate aftermath of the storm, but their resources were too limited to effectively handle the disaster. Following
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While passing through the Leeward Islands, strong winds were reported on several islands. In Guadeloupe, the storm unroofed and flooded many houses and buildings, including the American Consulate in
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with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) on August 8. Several hours later, it emerged into the southwestern Atlantic as a Category 3 hurricane. The system paralleled the north coast of
290:(SSHWS) before crossing the Leeward Islands on August 7. Later that day, the storm peaked with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h). The storm weakened slightly before making landfall in
2008:
Reconstructing early modern disaster management in Puerto Rico: development and planning examined through the lens of Hurricanes San Ciriaco (1899), San Felipe (1928) and Santa Clara (1956)
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coasts of the United States. On August 9, hurricane signals were posted at Santiago de Cuba, while all vessels bound northward and eastward from Cuba were advised to remain in port.
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described it as "more disruptive to Puerto Rican society than was the American invasion." The San Ciriaco hurricane was described as the first major storm in Puerto Rico since the
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storm again reached hurricane intensity. It curved northeastward and passed through the Azores on September 3, shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone.
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527:, and increasingly rough seas. Further, the storm "showed all the symptoms of a genuine West Indian hurricane underdeveloped." The captain, who followed a route from
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845:. Communications were significantly disrupted in the interior portions of the island. Two schooners sunk and at least 23 flat boats were pushed ashore in the
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alone. The destruction of infrastructure made it difficult to deliver aid, especially because of an 11 mi (18 km) section of railroad destroyed between
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in the event of a hurricane. The new regulation also required these flags to be raised when the barometric pressure fell to a certain point. Additionally, the
387:. There were at least 20 deaths in the state of North Carolina. In the Azores, the storm also caused one fatality and significant damage on some islands.
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after being filled with supplies by the Puerto Rican Relief Committee of the Merchant's Association including 12,600 vests for women, 4,800 women's
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625:, at which time it would have weakened "into an ordinary blow". The storm instead eventually turned northeastward and moved parallel to the coast of the
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incurred severe damage, including the loss of most homes and all crops; eyewitnesses reported that the aftermath resembled that of a fire. Between West
1587:– A powerful hurricane that made landfall on Puerto Rico at Category 5 intensity, and later brought severe destruction and loss of life in Florida
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for a few days. By early on August 17, however, the hurricane re-curved northwestward. At 01:00 UTC on August 18, it made landfall near
331:, the storm unroofed and flooded many houses. Communications were significantly disrupted in the interior portions of the island. Impact was severe in
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Strong winds were reported throughout the island, reaching 85 mph (137 km/h) at many locations and over 100 mph (160 km/h) in
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was almost entirely inundated with 4 to 10 feet (1.2 to 3.0 m) of water, and many homes were damaged. There was also much destruction at
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962:, but only one was considerably damaged. About 10 bushels of salt were lost. Two churches and a number of private homes were damaged on
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315:. However, after four days, the system regenerated into a tropical storm while located about 695 miles (1,120 km) west-southwest of
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and East Smith Point the storm leveled at least 62 homes, along with all roads and bridges. A church and chapel were wrecked at
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The storm brought catastrophic impact to the Bahamas and at least 334 deaths. Losses to boating vessels reached $ 50,000. On
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of 73.57, it has the highest ACE of any Atlantic hurricane in history and was second highest overall, until surpassed by 2023's
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1078:, storm surge ripped off the upper portion of the ocean deck, which consisted of railings, a canopy, and a flagpole. Between
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The San Ciriaco hurricane is also the longest-lasting Atlantic hurricane in recorded history, lasting for 27.75 days.
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held a special session to vote for a measure that authorized expenditure for relief throughout the country. Additionally,
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1216:. Strong winds and heavy rainfall damaged many houses, inundated several roads, and toppled a number of telegraph poles.
954:, though dwellings escaped serious impact. Plantain and banana plantations were completely flattened at Deadman's Cay on
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With just under 28 days as a tropical cyclone, this system became the longest-lasting Atlantic hurricane on record.
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on record, and the third-longest-lived tropical cyclone globally on record (in terms of tropical duration) after 1994's
2429:
Schwartz, Stuart B. (1982). "The Hurricane of San Ciriaco: Disaster, Politics, and Society in Puerto Rico, 1899-1901".
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became the second Atlantic hurricane to surpass an ACE value of 70, but did not surpass the San Ciriaco hurricane.
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Of the 50 small crafts capsized by strong winds and waves in the Bahamas, a majority of these were located at
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for many years, noted that he never experienced "any weather of cyclonic character so far to the eastward before".
508:
335:, with nearly every building destroyed and 100 deaths reported. About 200 small houses were destroyed on
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suicide by jumping into the raging sea, but the remaining man was eventually rescued by the German steamship
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on August 13. The next day, officials at the Weather Bureau predicted that the hurricane would strike
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to overflow its banks, sweeping away an iron bridge. A freshet was also reported along the Haina River in
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encountered the system later that day, while located about 1,800 miles (2,900 km) east-southeast of
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1985:
1605:(2017) – An intense hurricane that devastated Puerto Rico and caused a humanitarian crisis on the island
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1002:, along with 22 homes. Six homes were destroyed at West End and 11 more at Brandy Point.
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371:, storm surge and rough sea destroyed fishing piers and bridges, as well as sank about 10 vessels.
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on August 9. Thereafter, the system moved slowly northwestward through the Bahamas, striking
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2117:(Report). Springfield, Virginia: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
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Annual Report of the United States Life-Saving Service for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1900
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Hurricane San Ciriaco set many records on its path. Resulting in at least 3,369 deaths in
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resulted in "great damage" to crops. There were at least 20 fatalities in North Carolina.
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enacted the Hurricane Warning Act, which ordered that hurricane signal flags be hoisted at
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late on September 4. However, the Weather Bureau noted that gales prevailed offshore
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1975:
The Hurricane of San Ciriaco: Disaster, Politics, Society in Puerto Rico, 1899–1901
1802:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 54–64
339:, with estates suffering considerable damage, while nearly all estates were destroyed on
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The Hurricane of San Ciriaco: Disaster, Politics, and Society in Puerto Rico, 1899-1901.
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The hurricane earned its name by striking Puerto Rico on August 8, the Roman Catholic
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Corn and tobacco suffered considerable damage as crops were leveled by strong winds.
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developed about 480 miles (770 km) southwest of the southwesternmost islands of
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early on August 22, while situated about 325 miles (525 km) south of
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speed of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 930
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late on August 8 with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). August 8 was the
523:. According to the ship's log, there was a "sudden change in the weather", falling
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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
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in Spanish). This was a common practice prior to the introduction of standardized
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Offshore the United States between Florida and North Carolina, the Norwegian bark
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at least a dozen boats were driven ashore, and an Episcopal church was destroyed.
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Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective
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the next day, the system deepened to a Category 3. While approaching the
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2329:"Trabajo y Tristeza—"Work and Sorrow": The Puerto Ricans of Hawaii 1900-1902"
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1094:. Well executed warnings were attributed to no fatalities in South Carolina.
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made landfall in 1928 as a Category 5 hurricane. It was also among the
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painting of a man lying on a beach next to his destroyed boat in the Bahamas
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early on the following day. No stronger hurricane has made landfall on the
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The system began losing tropical characteristics after interacting with a
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1892:"West Indian Hurricane; Carried Death and Destruction to Several Islands"
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on August 12. According to telephone and telegraph reports from the
355:, with over 100 buildings destroyed and many damaged, including the
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The hurricane weakened slightly while moving west-northward across the
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1593:– Another Category 4 hurricane that struck Puerto Rico and Hispaniola
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called on several vessels to distribute and render assistance to the
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50:
Surface Weather Analysis of Hurricane San Ciriaco on August 13, 1899.
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in recorded history, with an estimated 3,800 fatalities. The third
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reported a change in wind from the northeast to the northwest, the
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641:, until curving just north of due east late on the following day.
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1958:
Hispanic American Historical Review. Volume 72, Issue 3, p. 317.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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However, the storm instead curved north-northwestward and struck
1845:(Report). Miami: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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issued a set of signal flags to all lighthouses in the Bahamas.
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1950:
Albert L. Myer. Letter to Adjutant-General. 12 August 1900. In
1581:– Followed a similar path across Puerto Rico six years earlier
1381:
986:
swept off their foundations, along with some churches. On the
966:. A few ships and vessels were destroyed, damaged, or lost on
286:
deepened further, reaching Category 4 on the modern day
2484:
1496:
were also named after the feast day on which they occurred.
423:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
418:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
613:
The hurricane approaching North Carolina on August 17
491:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
443:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
438:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
1739:(Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1599:– The longest-lived tropical cyclone on record until 2023
1464:
Calendar of saints § Connection to tropical cyclones
433:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
1269:, the Renfrew Machinery Company contributed one case of
1159:
member, single-handedly rescued 10 people from the
428:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
2296:"RootsWeb: SHACKELFORD-L John Shackelford And Ann Who?"
680:
until September 12, when the system merged with a
1954:
note 4088. pp. 680-681. See also, Stuart B. Schwartz,
1090:
peaked at 2.8 ft (0.85 m), resulting in no
977:, two churches and many dwellings were destroyed. On
270:
in the southern Indian Ocean. It was also one of the
1800:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1702:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1368:
The hurricane was one of the reasons why some 5,000
448:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
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3205:
3152:
3105:
3034:
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2857:
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1086:, losses reached $ 5,000. Tides along the coast of
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148:
127:
119:
96:
88:
80:
70:
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55:
2414:. Charleston, SC: History Press. pp. 81–104.
1646:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
2383:East Carolina University, RENCI Engagement Center
511:on August 3. According to an article by the
1181:Strong winds were also reported in Virginia. At
1174:. Heavy rains and strong winds as far inland as
2246:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1707:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3638:Hurricanes in the United States Virgin Islands
2185:"Unearthed photos a gift to historians on OBX"
2039:The Great Bahamian Hurricanes of 1899 and 1932
1163:. On October 18, Midgett was awarded the
602:, the storm was predicted to make landfall in
2505:
1373:
8:
2083:. Miami, Florida. August 18, 1899. p. 1
1932:. Fort-de-France, Martinique. August 9, 1899
1868:"Which tropical cyclone lasted the longest?"
30:
3673:1899 natural disasters in the United States
2236:Late Nineteenth Century Virginia Hurricanes
1786:
1784:
1782:
1340:deadliest Atlantic hurricanes ever recorded
1108:, which was situated about halfway between
3648:Hurricanes in the Turks and Caicos Islands
2936:
2925:
2539:
2528:
2512:
2498:
2490:
2480:Puerto Rico Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
2361:"Boricuas en Hawai: identidad y expresion"
1687:
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1679:
1677:
727:; later, a hurricane signal was raised at
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44:
29:
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2214:United States Department of the Treasury
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2021:
2019:
2017:
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1197:. A "heavy northeastern storm" began in
881:Taking place a mere 12 months after the
754:
695:On August 7, after stations in the
2485:Cyriac (Ciriaco) Family History Project
1730:Raw Observations for Hurricane #3, 1899
1614:
2412:The Great Hurricanes of North Carolina
1968:
1966:
1964:
359:. A few houses were also destroyed on
2437:(3). Duke University Press: 303–334.
2102:
2100:
2098:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
7:
1031:. A church was demolished along the
555:), observed by a weather station on
2431:Hispanic American Historical Review
2310:"Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News"
2202:Lyman J. Gage (November 13, 1900).
1765:. New York City, New York: Morrow.
566:The storm's path across Puerto Rico
288:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
253:The Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1899
38:The Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1899
2244:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland:
2153:University of North Carolina Press
2148:North Carolina's Hurricane History
1984:(Report). Durham, North Carolina:
1903:. Washington, D.C. August 10, 1899
1574:Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii
1569:List of Atlantic hurricane records
25:
3613:Hurricanes in the Leeward Islands
2818:1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane
2209:United States Life-Saving Service
1424:Lands with such beautiful flowers
1277:) sent 30 barrels of bread.
1157:United States Life-Saving Service
513:United States Hydrographic Office
307:since the San Ciriaco hurricane.
278:and first major hurricane of the
3598:1890s Atlantic hurricane seasons
3571:
3562:
3561:
2349:from the original on 2016-08-18.
1952:Report of the Military Governor.
1662:
1548:
1534:
1520:
1506:
1370:Puerto Ricans migrated to Hawaii
1201:the night of August 17. In
970:, leaving a few people missing.
958:. Three vessels were beached on
483:
473:
463:
351:. Severe damage was reported in
266:in the Pacific Ocean and 2023's
2234:David M. Roth (July 16, 2001).
2107:James E. Hudgins (April 2000).
1728:Christopher W. Landsea (2003).
1433:That friendly part of the world
1212:, "several lives were lost" on
1135:Severe damage also occurred at
883:American invasion of the Island
202:East Coast of the United States
3623:Hurricanes in ĂŽles des Saintes
3608:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
2521:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
1431:Nobody thought he would forget
235:1899 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
2327:Camacho Souza, Blase (1984).
2155:. 2013. pp. 42, 44, 46.
1834:E.B. Garriott (August 1899).
1428:For this Hawaiian land. . . .
1393:A este suelo hawaiiano. . . .
1255:United States Quartermaster's
272:deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
31:San CirĂaco Hurricane of 1899
27:Category 4 Atlantic hurricane
3658:Hurricanes in North Carolina
2212:(Report). Washington, D.C.:
1843:United States Weather Bureau
1389:Tierras de tan lindas flores
1336:Hurricane San Felipe Segundo
1104:sits on the wreckage of the
943:, washing away many houses.
935:, heavy rainfall caused the
916:Greater Antilles and Bahamas
877:after Hurricane San Ciriaco.
701:United States Weather Bureau
499:A tropical storm of unknown
205:(Landfall in North Carolina)
123:150 mph (240 km/h)
2336:Hawaiian Journal of History
2010:(PhD). Columbia University.
1973:Stuart B. Schwartz (1992).
1872:Hurricane Research Division
1737:Hurricane Research Division
1449:From there we left, sirs."
1309:Imperial Lighthouse Service
1039:United States and elsewhere
1012:Within the capital city of
3704:
2267:"Relief for Puerto Ricans"
1923:"The West India Hurricane"
1866:Dorst, Neal (2016-06-01).
1705:(Report). Miami, Florida:
1648:(Database). United States
1591:1932 San Ciprián hurricane
1494:1932 San Ciprian hurricane
1486:1867 San Narciso hurricane
1461:
1447:And from that healthy land
1435:And because of the cyclone
1347:accumulated cyclone energy
627:Southeastern United States
623:Charleston, South Carolina
249:1899 Puerto Rico Hurricane
245:1899 San CirĂaco hurricane
98:Category 4 major hurricane
34:1899 Puerto Rico Hurricane
18:1899 Hurricane San Ciriaco
3653:Hurricanes in the Bahamas
3643:Hurricanes in Puerto Rico
3557:
2935:
2924:
2538:
2527:
2465:Highlights of Re-analysis
2314:archives.starbulletin.com
2241:Weather Prediction Center
2006:Olivo, Ingrid A. (2015).
1791:Jose F. Partagas (1996).
1692:Jose F. Partagas (1996).
1650:National Hurricane Center
1585:1928 Okeechobee hurricane
1490:1928 San Felipe hurricane
1426:From there we left, sirs,
1414:De allà salimos, señores.
1410:Dejamos a nuestra espalda
1391:De allà salimos, señores.
1169:Secretary of the Treasury
1128:Dosher, sent a report to
891:1876 San Felipe hurricane
648:and transitioned into an
230:
218:
103:
43:
3663:Hurricanes in the Azores
3633:Hurricanes in Montserrat
3618:Hurricanes in Guadeloupe
3577:Tropical cyclones portal
2114:National Weather Service
2042:. Bloomington, Indiana:
1579:1893 San Roque hurricane
1514:Tropical cyclones portal
1439:And we began to navigate
1422:From that Borinquen land
1412:Y de aquella tierra sana
1402:Nos tuvimos que embarcar
1385:
631:Hatteras, North Carolina
515:, the British steamship
363:. The death toll in the
301:Hatteras, North Carolina
190:Turks and Caicos Islands
165:$ 20 million (1899
2379:"San Ciriaco Hurricane"
1406:Para distantes regiones
1387:De aquel paĂs borincano
1247:On August 24, the
1230:George Whitefield Davis
3688:1899 natural disasters
3628:Hurricanes in Dominica
1982:Latin American Studies
1836:Monthly Weather Review
1564:History of Puerto Rico
1420:
1400:Y por causa del ciclĂłn
1378:(Patriotic Narration):
1374:
1116:
941:San CristĂłbal Province
928:
878:
614:
594:on August 10 and
567:
545:maximum sustained wind
496:
391:Meteorological history
57:Meteorological history
3683:1899 in the Caribbean
3603:Cape Verde hurricanes
2475:Hurricane San Ciriaco
1986:Duke University Press
1597:Hurricane John (1994)
1462:Further information:
1404:Y empezamos a navegar
1396:Nadie pensaba olvidar
1220:Aftermath and records
1100:
923:
872:
725:San Juan, Puerto Rico
650:extratropical cyclone
612:
574:and made landfall in
565:
489:Extratropical cyclone
398:
367:was at least 125. In
2470:Unisys Track archive
2410:Hairr, John (2008).
2080:The Miami Metropolis
2036:Wayne Neely (2012).
1763:A Soldier in Science
1556:United States portal
1375:NarraciĂłn PatriĂłtica
1280:In the Bahamas, the
576:Guayama, Puerto Rico
525:barometric pressures
410:Saffir–Simpson scale
292:Guayama, Puerto Rico
284:Cape Verde hurricane
247:, also known as the
128:Lowest pressure
3678:1899 in Puerto Rico
2642:"Chenière Caminada"
1484:– for example, the
1441:For distant regions
1408:Afligidos corazones
1398:Aquel amable rincĂłn
1364:Migration to Hawaii
975:San Salvador Island
964:San Salvador Island
759:
479:Subtropical cyclone
299:made landfall near
40:
2800:"British Honduras"
2274:The New York Times
2075:"Miami Mince Meat"
1930:The New York Times
1900:The New York Times
1528:Puerto Rico portal
1437:We had to set sail
1297:British Government
1289:Joseph Chamberlain
1286:Colonial Secretary
1203:Southside Virginia
1117:
933:Dominican Republic
929:
885:, U.S. Army Major
879:
755:
615:
588:Dominican Republic
568:
497:
296:Dominican Republic
260:Atlantic hurricane
120:Highest winds
105:1-minute sustained
84:September 12, 1899
3585:
3584:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2421:978-1-59629-391-5
2276:. August 24, 1899
2124:on March 11, 2007
1455:
1454:
1445:We left behind us
1282:House of Assembly
1227:Military Governor
1214:SĂŁo Miguel Island
1141:Shackleford Banks
834:
833:
733:Kingston, Jamaica
705:hurricane signals
682:low pressure area
381:Shackleford Banks
241:
240:
206:
76:September 4, 1899
39:
35:
16:(Redirected from
3695:
3668:1899 meteorology
3575:
3565:
3564:
2937:
2926:
2824:"Treasure Coast"
2771:"Havana–Bermuda"
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2507:
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2454:
2425:
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2394:
2385:. Archived from
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2365:The Free Library
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1709:. pp. 43–53
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1443:Afflicted hearts
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1377:
1165:Lifesaving Medal
1130:Washington, D.C.
1092:coastal flooding
1068:Jupiter, Florida
1018:Government House
996:Settlement Point
847:ĂŽles des Saintes
760:
757:Deaths by region
737:Santiago de Cuba
487:
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469:Tropical cyclone
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2404:Further reading
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2189:pilotonline.com
2183:Hampton, Jeff.
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1652:. April 5, 2023
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1603:Hurricane Maria
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373:Hatteras Island
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209:Atlantic Canada
178:Leeward Islands
149:Overall effects
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2459:External links
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1301:Fort Charlotte
1250:USAT McClellan
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1153:Rasmus Midgett
1102:Rasmus Midgett
1088:South Carolina
1061:Weather Bureau
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2389:on 2019-10-19
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3542: (2024)
3536: (2023)
3530: (2023)
3524: (2022)
3518: (2021)
3512: (2021)
3506: (2020)
3500: (2020)
3494: (2020)
3488: (2020)
3482: (2020)
3465: (2018)
3459: (2017)
3453: (2017)
3447: (2016)
3441: (2015)
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3429: (2011)
3423: (2011)
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3376: (2008)
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3275: (1999)
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3263: (1999)
3257: (1999)
3251: (1998)
3245: (1996)
3239: (1996)
3233: (1995)
3227: (1995)
3221: (1995)
3215: (1991)
3198: (1989)
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3180: (1985)
3174: (1984)
3168: (1982)
3162: (1981)
3145: (1979)
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2930:1950–present
2909: (1949)
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2897: (1948)
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2773: (1926)
2767: (1926)
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2679: (1900)
2662: (1899)
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2656: (1898)
2650: (1894)
2644: (1893)
2627: (1886)
2621: (1882)
2615: (1880)
2609: (1880)
2592: (1878)
2575: (1866)
2558: (1856)
2552: (1853)
2434:
2430:
2411:
2391:. Retrieved
2387:the original
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2273:
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2249:. Retrieved
2239:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2207:
2197:
2188:
2178:
2168:December 17,
2166:. Retrieved
2147:
2128:December 17,
2126:. Retrieved
2119:the original
2112:
2085:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2038:
2007:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1981:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1929:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1898:
1886:
1875:. Retrieved
1847:. Retrieved
1842:
1804:. Retrieved
1799:
1762:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1736:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1700:
1654:. Retrieved
1477:
1467:
1421:
1386:
1367:
1359:
1344:
1329:
1313:
1279:
1248:
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1223:
1207:
1180:
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1137:Diamond City
1134:
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1118:
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1072:The Breakers
1058:
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1049:
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992:Grand Bahama
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817:Saint Croix
809:Puerto Rico
777:The Bahamas
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691:Preparations
686:
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654:Sable Island
643:
619:Grand Bahama
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385:Cape Lookout
377:Diamond City
345:
326:
313:Sable Island
309:
252:
248:
244:
242:
233:
232:Part of the
157:3,855 direct
104:
2883:"Homestead"
2865:"Nicaragua"
2794:"San ZenĂłn"
2747:"Tampa Bay"
2706:"Galveston"
2677:"Galveston"
2625:"Indianola"
2342:: 156–173.
2280:November 5,
1478:San Ciriaco
1472:devoted to
1353:. In 2004,
1332:Puerto Rico
1321:Salter Path
1293:Out Islands
1191:James River
956:Long Island
937:Ozama River
875:Puerto Rico
865:Puerto Rico
855:Saint Kitts
785:Montserrat
721:Saint Kitts
658:Nova Scotia
639:New England
635:Long Island
341:Saint Croix
337:Saint Kitts
305:Outer Banks
182:Puerto Rico
3592:Categories
2806:"Freeport"
2393:2016-11-11
1877:2018-08-20
1849:2009-06-22
1610:References
1492:, and the
1199:Petersburg
1183:Cape Henry
1080:Titusville
1076:Palm Beach
873:Damage in
717:Basseterre
557:Montserrat
521:Guadeloupe
505:Cape Verde
459:Storm type
333:Montserrat
329:Guadeloupe
255:, was the
186:Hispaniola
154:Fatalities
81:Dissipated
3213:Claudette
3196:Gabrielle
2907:"Florida"
2777:"Bahamas"
2654:"Georgia"
2533:1853–1949
2219:March 17,
2087:March 17,
2044:iUniverse
1936:March 14,
1907:March 14,
1793:Year 1899
1761:(1998) .
1743:April 23,
1694:Year 1899
1470:feast day
1161:Priscilla
1149:Priscilla
1106:Priscilla
1074:hotel in
968:Eleuthera
551:(27
517:Grangense
379:, on the
3567:Category
3528:Franklin
3463:Florence
3397:Danielle
3314:Michelle
3243:Hortense
3143:Frederic
2753:"Nassau"
2344:Archived
1500:See also
1263:wrappers
1259:Brooklyn
1257:dock in
1242:MayagĂĽez
1122:Hatteras
1054:Woodruff
902:MayagĂĽez
713:Dominica
703:ordered
580:namesday
453:Unknown
89:Duration
3439:Joaquin
3433:Gonzalo
3427:Ophelia
3338:Frances
3332:Charley
3249:Georges
3237:Edouard
3060:Frances
2965:Charlie
2765:"Miami"
2718:"Texas"
2451:2515987
2059:July 1,
1806:May 22,
1713:May 22,
1275:Nabisco
1271:gingham
1208:In the
1195:Suffolk
1187:Norfolk
1176:Raleigh
1050:Titania
960:Rum Cay
898:Humacao
674:Ireland
604:Florida
501:origins
403:Map key
365:Bahamas
319:in the
220:IBTrACS
198:Bahamas
92:4 weeks
3540:Helene
3534:Idalia
3451:Harvey
3445:Nicole
3374:Paloma
3356:Gustav
3350:Dennis
3326:Fabian
3184:Helene
3178:Gloria
3160:Harvey
3125:Gladys
3119:Carmen
3084:Gladys
3025:Gracie
3019:Helene
3001:Carrie
2989:Connie
2889:George
2842:"Cuba"
2700:"Cuba"
2619:"Cuba"
2449:
2418:
2251:May 3,
2159:
2050:
1991:May 3,
1769:
1488:, the
1295:. The
1267:calico
1238:Añasco
1210:Azores
1064:office
1014:Nassau
979:Bimini
948:Inagua
910:Utuado
904:, and
830:3,855
826:Total:
812:3,369
793:Nevis
771:deaths
764:Region
751:Impact
735:, and
723:, and
709:Roseau
678:France
666:Azores
592:Inagua
533:Brazil
529:Europe
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
361:Bimini
353:Nassau
349:Andros
321:Azores
280:season
213:Azores
162:Damage
63:Formed
3522:Fiona
3492:Delta
3486:Teddy
3480:Laura
3473:2020s
3421:Katia
3415:Julia
3390:2010s
3302:Keith
3296:Isaac
3289:2000s
3279:Lenny
3267:Floyd
3261:Cindy
3219:Felix
3206:1990s
3172:Diana
3166:Debby
3153:1980s
3131:Greta
3113:Celia
3106:1970s
3096:Betsy
3090:Hilda
3066:Flora
3054:Carla
3048:Betsy
3042:Donna
3035:1960s
3013:Daisy
2983:Hazel
2940:1950s
2871:Three
2858:1940s
2787:1930s
2740:1920s
2693:1910s
2670:1900s
2635:1890s
2613:Eight
2600:1880s
2590:Seven
2583:1870s
2566:1860s
2550:Three
2543:1850s
2447:JSTOR
2347:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2270:(PDF)
2122:(PDF)
1978:(PDF)
1926:(PDF)
1895:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
1796:(PDF)
1733:(XLS)
1697:(PDF)
1234:Lares
1110:Salvo
1084:Miami
1006:Exuma
906:Ponce
859:Nevis
769:Total
383:near
109:SSHWS
3504:Iota
3457:Jose
3409:Igor
3403:Earl
3380:Bill
3368:Omar
3344:Karl
3320:Lili
3308:Iris
3273:Gert
3255:Bret
3231:Opal
3225:Luis
3190:Joan
3137:Ella
3078:Dora
3072:Cleo
3007:Cleo
2995:Ione
2971:Easy
2959:King
2901:Easy
2848:Five
2759:Four
2683:Four
2416:ISBN
2282:2015
2253:2013
2221:2015
2170:2016
2157:ISBN
2130:2016
2089:2015
2061:2014
2048:ISBN
1993:2013
1938:2015
1909:2015
1808:2013
1767:ISBN
1745:2014
1715:2013
1658:2024
1458:Name
1323:and
1303:and
1240:and
1155:, a
1139:and
1114:Avon
1112:and
1082:and
1059:The
1045:Drot
981:, a
788:100
780:334
745:East
743:and
741:Gulf
637:and
553:inHg
549:mbar
243:The
194:Cuba
142:inHg
134:mbar
132:930
3516:Sam
3510:Ida
3498:Eta
3362:Ike
2977:Fox
2953:Fox
2947:Dog
2895:Dog
2836:Two
2648:Six
2607:Two
2439:doi
1167:by
1066:in
973:On
931:In
853:In
820:11
804:20
796:21
707:at
606:.
582:of
531:to
509:UTC
327:In
251:or
167:USD
138:hPa
113:NWS
3594::
2445:.
2435:72
2433:.
2381:.
2363:.
2340:18
2338:.
2334:.
2312:.
2272:.
2238:.
2206:.
2187:.
2151:.
2138:^
2111:.
2097:^
2077:.
2046:.
2016:^
1980:.
1963:^
1928:.
1897:.
1870:.
1858:^
1841:.
1816:^
1798:.
1781:^
1735:.
1699:.
1676:^
1617:^
1342:.
1327:.
1319:,
1151:.
1056:.
900:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
684:.
664:,
656:,
559:.
211:,
207:,
200:,
196:,
192:,
188:,
184:,
180:,
2513:e
2506:t
2499:v
2453:.
2441::
2424:.
2396:.
2316:.
2298:.
2284:.
2255:.
2223:.
2191:.
2172:.
2132:.
2091:.
2063:.
1995:.
1940:.
1911:.
1880:.
1852:.
1810:.
1775:.
1747:.
1717:.
1671:.
1660:.
1476:(
169:)
136:(
115:)
111:/
107:(
20:)
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