363:
1149:
106:
32:
92:
99:
695:
As it had been predicted, the Labour vote was split between Howard and
Herring. The National vote was practically unchanged compared to the 1938 general election. With Labour's substantial majority in 1938, even the split vote gained Howard a comfortable win, with Herring (DLP) coming second and
1105:
1127:
370:
There were 15,330 voters registered in the
Christchurch East electorate for the 1938 general election held on 15 October. Results of the Christchurch East general election were:
1120:
700:, and the fifth woman overall. It started Howard's long parliamentary career, which lasted until 1969 when she retired. She was to become the first woman cabinet minister (as
1160:
1139:
1113:
917:
307:, who was seen as a radical within the party. But for the 1943 by-election in the Christchurch East electorate, Mabel Howard was nominated by the Labour Party.
1728:
192:
1052:
300:
1713:
1576:
565:
311:
265:
141:
1708:
1664:
1179:
825:
296:
696:
Lyons (National) coming third. The two remaining candidates had marginal returns. Howard was the fourth woman to be represented in the
500:
There were 14,835 people on the electoral roll, of which 9,644 voted in the 6 February 1943 by-election. The individual results were:
340:
1718:
1479:
830:
336:
299:
caused by his death, but although she was the favoured candidate by the local branch of the party, the Labour Party hierarchy chose
285:
63:
46:
1591:
1153:
1024:
701:
325:, he was seen as running a personal campaign against Howard over a difference of opinion. His candidacy was not seen as serious.
1581:
1464:
1425:
1224:
1204:
996:
943:
788:
760:
732:
877:
1723:
1484:
1364:
1326:
1257:
1247:
1199:
1184:
1029:
1001:
948:
882:
793:
765:
737:
1285:
288:
and held the electorate for Labour until his death. The by-election in this Labour stronghold attracted five candidates.
1507:
1679:
1651:
1635:
1617:
1601:
1568:
1558:
1535:
1517:
1499:
1456:
1440:
1392:
1374:
1351:
1318:
1300:
1272:
1234:
1171:
921:
253:
276:, and started her long parliamentary career, which included her becoming the first female cabinet minister in 1947.
1469:
1430:
1359:
1194:
587:
423:
405:
332:
321:
Owen McKee was a union delegate from South
Canterbury. A former vice-president of the General Labourers' Union in
269:
249:
212:
146:
1669:
1586:
1553:
1525:
1382:
1331:
1308:
1290:
1252:
1548:
1420:
1405:
1400:
1214:
1189:
533:
400:
310:
Lee had been expelled from the Labour Party in 1940 and had immediately set up a splinter party that he called
261:
231:
216:
136:
1056:
1687:
1659:
1625:
1543:
1474:
1415:
1410:
1336:
1262:
1242:
1209:
292:
971:
1341:
697:
632:
610:
191:
1489:
1280:
362:
344:
347:. In conjunction with the split vote caused by the DLP, Lyons was expected to be a threat to Labour.
664:
470:
257:
1094:
284:
Tim
Armstrong was first elected to Parliament in the Christchurch East electorate in the
852:
615:
592:
570:
351:
328:
315:
126:
121:
1702:
678:
484:
335:. A seasoned political campaigner, Lyons had briefly been elected to Parliament in
303:
instead. Howard believed that back then, she was opposed due to her connections to
105:
98:
540:
273:
227:
116:
91:
1148:
304:
260:
electorate was contested by five candidates, including representatives from the
318:
stood for the DLP and it was expected that this would split the Labour vote.
820:
523:
391:
322:
1643:
There were no by-elections during the term of the 42nd
Parliament.
1609:
There were no by-elections during the term of the 40th
Parliament.
1448:
There were no by-elections during the term of the 34th
Parliament.
343:
before his election was declared void. At the time, he was Deputy-
196:
Christchurch East electorate boundaries used for the by-election
1109:
1033:. Vol. CXXXV, no. 40. 17 February 1943. p. 6
952:. Vol. CXXVI, no. 98. 22 October 1938. p. 10
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
1005:. Vol. CXXXV, no. 32. 8 February 1943. p. 4
886:. Vol. CXXXV, no. 28. 3 February 1943. p. 4
769:. Vol. CXXXV, no. 18. 22 January 1943. p. 3
741:. Vol. CXXXV, no. 14. 18 January 1943. p. 3
291:
Mabel Howard, the daughter of former member of parliament
797:. Vol. CXXVII, no. 102. 3 May 1939. p. 7
354:, was a peace advocate and was not taken seriously.
1678:
1650:
1634:
1616:
1600:
1567:
1534:
1516:
1498:
1455:
1439:
1391:
1373:
1350:
1317:
1299:
1271:
1233:
1170:
74:
991:
989:
272:. The election was won by the Labour candidate,
872:
870:
203:
366:Official record from the Electoral Department.
248:held on 6 February was caused by the death of
1121:
814:
812:
8:
23:
1099:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949
1077:
920:. Christchurch City Council. Archived from
904:
1128:
1114:
1106:
1101:(3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
502:
372:
22:
1156:in the two-party era (1939–1995)
374:Christchurch East general election, 1938
295:, had wanted to follow her father in the
361:
1055:. Elections New Zealand. Archived from
713:
677:
663:
510:
483:
469:
378:
331:was the candidate put forward by the
7:
1729:February 1943 events in New Zealand
974:. National Library. 1939. p. 2
826:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
297:1939 Christchurch South by-election
505:1943 Christchurch East by-election
246:1943 Christchurch East by-election
24:1943 Christchurch East by-election
14:
855:. An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
831:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1147:
821:"Howard, Mabel Bowden 1894–1972"
628:
606:
583:
561:
528:
419:
396:
190:
104:
97:
90:
30:
1053:"Women in parliament 1933–2005"
704:in 1947–1949) in New Zealand.
1:
1714:1943 elections in New Zealand
264:, the Labour breakaway party
972:"The General Election, 1938"
1709:By-elections in New Zealand
1154:By-elections in New Zealand
254:26th New Zealand Parliament
1745:
1577:Christchurch Central, 1979
853:"DEMOCRATIC LABOUR PARTY"
851:McLintock, A. H. (1966).
789:"Labour Party Nomination"
649:
522:
519:
516:
513:
455:
441:
390:
387:
384:
381:
280:Background and candidates
256:. The by-election in the
201:
188:
82:
52:6 February 1943
40:
28:
1719:Politics of Christchurch
1665:Wellington Central, 1992
1180:Christchurch South, 1939
1220:Christchurch East, 1943
312:Democratic Labour Party
266:Democratic Labour Party
252:during the term of the
16:New Zealand by-election
1480:Palmerston North, 1967
698:New Zealand Parliament
367:
1724:1940s in Christchurch
1592:East Coast Bays, 1980
918:"Chairmen and mayors"
365:
345:Mayor of Christchurch
286:1922 general election
1582:Northern Maori, 1980
1465:Southern Maori, 1967
1426:Northern Maori, 1963
1225:Northern Maori, 1943
1205:Mid-Canterbury, 1942
1025:"By-Election Totals"
997:"Miss Howard's Lead"
350:The last candidate,
341:Lyttelton electorate
1485:Eastern Maori, 1967
1365:Bay of Plenty, 1957
1327:Dunedin North, 1953
1258:Dunedin North, 1945
1248:Western Maori, 1945
1200:Bay of Plenty, 1941
1185:Auckland West, 1940
665:Registered electors
507:
471:Registered electors
375:
25:
1286:Mount Albert, 1947
1059:on 8 February 2013
944:"General Election"
702:Minister of Health
503:
373:
368:
208:MP before election
153:Popular vote
1696:
1695:
1508:Marlborough, 1970
1165:
1144:
761:"Five candidates"
693:
692:
566:Democratic Labour
498:
497:
301:Robert Macfarlane
258:Christchurch East
242:
241:
238:
237:
184:
183:
142:Democratic Labour
70:
69:
1736:
1559:Rangitikei, 1978
1157:
1152:
1151:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1107:
1102:
1095:Scholefield, Guy
1081:
1078:Scholefield 1950
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1030:The Evening Post
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1002:The Evening Post
993:
984:
983:
981:
979:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
949:The Evening Post
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
914:
908:
905:Scholefield 1950
902:
896:
895:
893:
891:
883:The Evening Post
878:"Wordy Campaign"
874:
865:
864:
862:
860:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
816:
807:
806:
804:
802:
794:The Evening Post
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
766:The Evening Post
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
738:The Evening Post
729:
525:
508:
393:
376:
204:
194:
108:
101:
94:
84:
83:
59:
57:
42:
41:
35:
34:
33:
26:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1680:44th Parliament
1674:
1652:43rd Parliament
1646:
1636:42nd Parliament
1630:
1618:41st Parliament
1612:
1602:40th Parliament
1596:
1569:39th Parliament
1563:
1536:38th Parliament
1530:
1518:37th Parliament
1512:
1500:36th Parliament
1494:
1470:Fendalton, 1967
1457:35th Parliament
1451:
1441:34th Parliament
1435:
1431:Grey Lynn, 1963
1393:33rd Parliament
1387:
1375:32nd Parliament
1369:
1360:Riccarton, 1956
1352:31st Parliament
1346:
1319:30th Parliament
1313:
1301:29th Parliament
1295:
1273:28th Parliament
1267:
1235:27th Parliament
1229:
1195:Waitemata, 1941
1172:26th Parliament
1166:
1146:
1134:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
995:
994:
987:
977:
975:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
916:
915:
911:
903:
899:
889:
887:
876:
875:
868:
858:
856:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
818:
817:
810:
800:
798:
787:
786:
782:
772:
770:
759:
758:
754:
744:
742:
731:
730:
715:
710:
456:Informal votes
360:
282:
230:
225:
215:
210:
202:
197:
189:
55:
53:
36:
31:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1670:Tauranga, 1993
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1587:Onehunga, 1980
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1554:Pahiatua, 1977
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1526:Sydenham, 1974
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1383:Hamilton, 1959
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1332:Onehunga, 1953
1329:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1309:Brooklyn, 1951
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1291:Westland, 1947
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1253:Hamilton, 1945
1250:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1161:(1996–present)
1135:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1070:
1044:
1016:
985:
963:
935:
924:on 22 May 2010
909:
907:, p. 121.
897:
866:
843:
819:McAloon, Jim.
808:
780:
752:
712:
711:
709:
706:
691:
690:
687:
684:
681:
675:
674:
672:
670:
667:
661:
660:
657:
654:
651:
647:
646:
644:
641:
638:
635:
630:
627:
626:
624:
621:
618:
616:Lincoln Efford
613:
608:
605:
604:
601:
598:
595:
593:Melville Lyons
590:
585:
582:
581:
579:
576:
573:
571:Horace Herring
568:
563:
560:
559:
554:
549:
544:
537:
530:
527:
526:
521:
518:
515:
512:
496:
495:
493:
490:
487:
481:
480:
478:
476:
473:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:
449:
446:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
403:
398:
395:
394:
389:
386:
383:
380:
359:
356:
352:Lincoln Efford
333:National Party
329:Melville Lyons
316:Horace Herring
281:
278:
270:National Party
240:
239:
236:
235:
220:
199:
198:
195:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
130:
129:
127:Melville Lyons
124:
122:Horace Herring
119:
114:
110:
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
79:
78:9,644 (65.01%)
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
61:
49:
38:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1741:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Mangere, 1977
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:Otahuhu, 1963
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Waitaki, 1962
1404:
1402:
1401:Hurunui, 1961
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:Hauraki, 1942
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Waipawa, 1940
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1080:, p. 51.
1079:
1074:
1071:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1004:
1003:
998:
992:
990:
986:
973:
967:
964:
951:
950:
945:
939:
936:
923:
919:
913:
910:
906:
901:
898:
885:
884:
879:
873:
871:
867:
854:
847:
844:
832:
828:
827:
822:
815:
813:
809:
796:
795:
790:
784:
781:
768:
767:
762:
756:
753:
740:
739:
734:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
714:
707:
705:
703:
699:
688:
685:
682:
680:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
662:
658:
655:
652:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
625:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
580:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:
538:
536:
535:
531:
529:
509:
506:
501:
494:
491:
488:
486:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
468:
464:
461:
458:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
436:
433:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
415:
412:
409:
407:
406:Tim Armstrong
404:
402:
399:
397:
377:
371:
364:
357:
355:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
324:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:Tim Armstrong
247:
234:
233:
229:
224:
221:
219:
218:
214:
213:Tim Armstrong
209:
206:
205:
200:
193:
187:
179:
176:
174:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
112:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
85:
81:
77:
73:
66: →
65:
62:
60:
50:
48:
45:←
44:
43:
39:
27:
21:
19:
1688:Selwyn, 1994
1660:Tamaki, 1992
1626:Timaru, 1985
1544:Nelson, 1976
1475:Petone, 1967
1416:Timaru, 1962
1411:Buller, 1962
1337:Onslow, 1954
1263:Raglan, 1946
1243:Awarua, 1944
1219:
1210:Temuka, 1942
1159:
1138:
1098:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1000:
976:. Retrieved
966:
954:. Retrieved
947:
938:
926:. Retrieved
922:the original
912:
900:
888:. Retrieved
881:
857:. Retrieved
846:
834:. Retrieved
824:
799:. Retrieved
792:
783:
771:. Retrieved
764:
755:
743:. Retrieved
736:
733:"Split vote"
694:
556:
551:
546:
541:Mabel Howard
539:
532:
504:
499:
369:
349:
327:
320:
309:
290:
283:
274:Mabel Howard
262:Labour Party
245:
243:
228:Mabel Howard
226:
222:
211:
207:
172:
156:
117:Mabel Howard
64:1943 general
51:
47:1938 general
20:
18:
1342:Patea, 1954
1140:(1912–1938)
1063:16 November
1037:16 November
1009:16 November
956:14 November
890:15 November
859:15 November
836:15 November
801:14 November
773:15 November
745:15 November
637:Owen McKee
633:Independent
611:Independent
428:Ken Armour
305:John A. Lee
169:Percentage
1703:Categories
1490:Hutt, 1968
1281:Avon, 1947
1088:References
978:8 February
928:9 November
514:Candidate
382:Candidate
293:Ted Howard
223:Elected MP
113:Candidate
56:1943-02-06
1097:(1950) .
650:Majority
442:Majority
588:National
424:National
339:for the
268:and the
147:National
1158:»
1145:
1137:«
689:−26.42
679:Turnout
669:14,835
659:−30.95
557:−28.47
489:14,016
485:Turnout
475:15,330
410:10,561
358:Results
314:(DLP).
180:24.59%
177:26.73%
87:
75:Turnout
54: (
1164:»
1143:«
686:65.01
683:9,644
656:20.54
653:1,981
603:+0.33
600:24.59
597:2,371
578:26.73
575:2,578
552:47.27
547:4,559
534:Labour
517:Votes
511:Party
492:91.43
465:−0.61
451:+0.76
448:51.49
445:7,179
437:+1.49
434:24.26
431:3,382
416:+2.25
413:75.74
401:Labour
385:Votes
379:Party
323:Timaru
232:Labour
217:Labour
173:47.27%
164:2,371
161:2,578
137:Labour
133:Party
708:Notes
643:0.23
623:1.18
462:0.52
157:4,559
1065:2011
1039:2011
1011:2011
980:2012
958:2011
930:2011
892:2011
861:2011
838:2011
803:2011
775:2011
747:2011
620:114
337:1925
244:The
640:22
459:73
1705::
1027:.
999:.
988:^
946:.
880:.
869:^
829:.
823:.
811:^
791:.
763:.
735:.
716:^
524:±%
520:%
392:±%
388:%
1129:e
1122:t
1115:v
1067:.
1041:.
1013:.
982:.
960:.
932:.
894:.
863:.
840:.
805:.
777:.
749:.
58:)
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