1960s in fashion - Knowledge (XXG)

605:, teenagers dressed and acted like their parents. Many settled down and began raising families when they were young, normally right after high school. They were often expected to work and assist their families financially. Therefore, youth culture begins to develop only after World War II, when the advancement of many technologies and stricter child labor laws became mainstream. Teenagers during this period had more time to enjoy their youth, and the freedom to create their own culture separate from their parents. Teens soon began establishing their own identities and communities, with their own views and ideas, breaking away from the traditions of their parents. The fabulous "little girl" look was introduced to USA—styling with Bobbie Brooks, bows, patterned knee socks and mini skirts. The miniskirt and the "little girl" look that accompanied it reflect a revolutionary shift in the way people dress. Instead of younger generations dressing like adults, they became inspired by childlike dress. 2090: 530: 837: 816:. Ponchos, moccasins, love beads, peace signs, medallion necklaces, chain belts, polka dot-printed fabrics, and long, puffed "bubble" sleeves were popular fashions in the late 1960s. Both men and women wore frayed bell-bottomed jeans, tie-dyed shirts, work shirts, Jesus sandals, and headbands. Women would often go barefoot and some went braless. The idea of multiculturalism also became very popular; a lot of style inspiration was drawn from traditional clothing in Nepal, India, Bali, Morocco and African countries. Because inspiration was being drawn from all over the world, there was increasing separation of style; clothing pieces often had similar elements and created similar silhouettes, but there was no real "uniform". 329: 1844: 2006: 47: 2026: 242: 754:

single, active, and economically self-sufficient. To represent this new Single Girl feminine ideal, many 1960s photographers photographed models outside—often having them walk or run in fashion shoots. Models in the 1960s also promoted sports wear, which reflected the modern fascination with speed and the quickening pace of the 1960s urban life. Although the Single Girl was economically, socially and emotionally self-sufficient, the ideal body form was difficult for many to achieve. Therefore, women were constrained by diet restrictions that seemed to contradict the image of the empowered 1960s Single Girl.

1924: 2136: 2114: 1990: 1899: 1860: 189: 1978: 1876: 1535: 1962: 1946: 2200: 583:, A British designer, was one of the pioneers of the miniskirt during 1960. She named the skirt after her favorite car, the Mini Cooper. Quant introduced her design in the mid-1960s at her London boutique, Bazaar. She has said: " We wanted to increase the availability of fun for everyone. We felt that expensive things were almost immoral and the New Look was totally irrelevant to us." Miniskirts became popular in London and Paris and the term "Chelsea Look" was coined. 31: 2168: 2156: 1635: 715: 2046: 5141: 2058: 951: 1407: 1041: 2227: 1708: 1122: 1154: 438: 2184: 2503: 2074: 1280:'s name comes from a nuclear test site, Surf fashion in this era consistently references the Cold War context. Surfing became an attractive fashion identity in this era because it perpetuates adolescence, and the pursuit of pleasure in times of anxiety and paranoia. In a teenage-driven culture, which aimed to ignore establishment conflicts, surfers mused 1329: 110: 216:. Casual dress became more unisex and often consisted of plaid button down shirts worn with slim blue jeans, comfortable slacks, or skirts. Traditionally, trousers had been viewed by western society as masculine, but by the early 1960s, it had become acceptable for women to wear them every day. These included 3677:

Space projections...plastic, chrome, Dynel...ou wear...skirts that show the whole length of your legs, mops of artificial hair coloured pink, green and purple...and visor sunglasses....huge plastic disc earrings,...and eye make-up is designed to be seen from 100 yards, in streamlined eyeliners, black

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The "Dolly Girl" was another archetype for young females in the 1960s. She emerged in the mid-1960s, and her defining characteristic is the iconic miniskirt. "Dolly Girls" also sported long hair, slightly teased, and childish-looking clothing. Clothes were worn tight fitting, sometimes even purchased

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was a French fashion designer who also began experimenting with hemlines in the early 1960s. He started to show space-age dresses that hit above the knee in late 1964. His designs were more structured and sophisticated than Quant's design. This made the miniskirt more acceptable to the French public.

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was best known for his helmets, short tunics, and goggles. However, Paco Rabanne has been credited as the one who revolutionized the Space Age fashion. Rabanne was known for his 1966 "12 Unwearable Dresses in Contemporary Materials" collection, made of chain mail, aluminum, and plastic. Rabanne would

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Women...fancied high boots as a means of covering their new length of leg. High-rise stretch vinyl or patent leather provided glovelike sleekness...Boots stretched to the knees, to the thighs, or even to cover the entire leg like fisherman's hip boots....Autumn gave new luster to shoes and handbags

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as a place of escape with tropical paradises as the antithesis to modern society. This sustained Hawaiian flora and fauna patterns' in fashion its attraction. The Sixties Surfer was not the first to escape violence or revolutionize the pursuit of happiness through Polynesian fascination. Accounts of

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Fashion photographers also photographed the Single Girl wearing business wear, calling her the Working Girl. The Working Girl motif represented another shift for the modern, fashionable woman. Unlike earlier periods, characterized by formal evening gowns and the European look, the 1960s Working Girl

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pushed aside the geometric shift. False eyelashes were in vogue, as was pale lipstick. Hemlines kept rising, and by 1968 they had reached well above mid-thigh. These were known as "micro-minis". This was when the "angel dress" first made its appearance on the fashion scene. A micro-mini dress with a

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and personal style. As the 1960s was an era of exponential innovation, there was appreciation for something new rather than that of quality. Spending a lot of money on an expensive, designer wardrobe was no longer the ideal and women from various statuses would be found shopping in the same stores.

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Fashion photography in the 1960s represented a new feminine ideal for women and young girls: the Single Girl. 1960s photography was in sharp contrast to the models of the 1920s, who were carefully posed for the camera and portrayed as immobile. The Single Girl represented 'movement'. She was young,

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was particularly influential in the development of space age fashion. The "space look" he introduced in the spring of 1964 included trouser suits, goggles, box-shaped dresses with high skirts, and go-go boots. Go-go boots eventually became a staple of go-go girl fashion in the 1960s. The boots were

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fascinations, bridging the macho 1950s teen towards 1960s Hippie style. The Cold War's tense political context conceived Surf Fashion as a way to relax and escape established violence. California, the birthplace of American Surfing, also produced much of the technology experimentations used in the

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featured a number of diverse trends, as part of a decade that broke many fashion traditions, adopted new cultures, and launched a new age of social movements. Around the middle of the decade, fashions arising from small pockets of young people in a few urban centers received large amounts of media

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wanted to make livings in surfing-associated careers. They opened businesses that expanded selling surf products into selling surf clothing. These surfer entrepreneurs proliferate surf fashion by mixing their lifestyles into casual wear. As Rock n Roll Beats, and Greaser car clubs used jackets to

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Fringed buck-skin vests, flowing caftans, the "lounging" or "hostess" pajamas were also popular. "Hostess" pajamas consisted of a tunic top over floor-length culottes, usually made of polyester or chiffon. Long maxi coats, often belted and lined in sheepskin, appeared at the close of the decade.

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in 1962. This book acted as a guide for women of any marital status to take control of their own lives financially as well as emotionally. This book was revolutionary since it encouraged sex before marriage; something that was historically looked down upon. With the high success of this book, a

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print. The cowled-neck "monk dress" was another religion-inspired alternative; the cowl could be pulled up to be worn over the head. For evening wear, skimpy chiffon baby-doll dresses with spaghetti-straps were popular, as well as the "cocktail dress", which was a close-fitting sheath, usually

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began as a short version around 1963 through 1964, developed into a longer style worn during 1965–66, and eventually evolved into an unkempt hippie version worn during the 1967–1969 period and into the early 1970s. Facial hair, evolving in its extremity from simply having longer sideburns, to

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popularized the shapeless shift dresses emphasizing an image of innocence as they did not fit to any contours of the human body. The female body has forever been a sign of culturally constructed ideals. The long-limbed and pre-pubescent style of the time depicts how women were able to be more

631:, and led the way to the hippie period introduced in the 1960s. Bell bottoms were usually worn with chiffon blouses, polo-necked ribbed sweaters or tops that bared the midriff. These were made in a variety of materials including heavy denims, silks, and even elasticated fabrics. Variations of 1340:

The leaders of mid-1960s style were the British. The Mods (short for Modernists) adopted new fads that would be imitated by many young people. Mods formed their own way of life creating television shows and magazines that focused directly on the lifestyles of Mods. British rock bands such as

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The space age look was defined by boxy shapes, thigh length hemlines and bold accessories. Synthetic material was also popular with space age fashion designers. After the Second World War, fabrics like nylon, corfam, orlon, terylene, lurex and spandex were promoted as cheap, easy to dry, and

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shoes and suits with short boxy jackets, and oversized buttons. Simple, geometric dresses, known as shifts, were also in style. For evening wear, full-skirted evening dresses were worn; these often had low necklines or boat-necklines and close-fitting waists. For casual wear,

2089: 3342:...everything silver, from visor to stockings and shoes...ou wear silver leather and plastic chain mail...chrome jewellery,...silver stockings, silver shoes laced up the leg, bangles of clear plastic and chrome. Silver leather or shirred silver nylon make the new jackets... 228:. Women's trousers came in a variety of styles: narrow, wide, below the knee, above the ankle, and eventually mid thigh. Mid-thigh cut trousers, also known as shorts, evolved around 1969. By adapting men's style and wearing trousers, women voiced their equality to men. 786:

Corsets, seamed tights, and skirts covering the knees were no longer fashionable. The idea of buying urbanized clothing that could be worn with separate pieces was intriguing to women of this era. In the past, one would only buy specific outfits for certain occasions.

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made the miniskirt popular. Women had entered the professional workforce in larger numbers during World War II and many women soon found they craved a career and life outside the home. They wanted the same choices, freedoms, and opportunities that were offered to men.

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were common due to their cheapness, warmth and durability. Design wise the surf jacket suited popularly with nonchalance, warmth for coastal Californian climate, and utility pockets for surf wax and VW car keys, two surf essentials (Pendleton Woolen Mills).

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Op Art, the newest in the art world, was quickly incorporated into clothes and makeup....James Galanos fashioned two Op-inspired fabrics...into this dazzling dress, which seems to be part of its background, Op artist Victor Vasarely's kaleidoscopic

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The Pendleton Surf Jacket expanded upon Fifties pop-cultural fashions, however new in its relaxed, intangibly cool vibe. The surf jacket split from the tough guy rock 'n' roll teen, and mellowing leather's rock attitudes to woolen plaids. Following

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emerged from the Mod subculture. It was not until 1964, when the Modernists were truly recognized by the public, that women really were accepted in the group. Women had short, clean haircuts and often dressed in similar styles to the male Mods.

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hairstyles, and rode motorbikes. The look of the Mods was classy. They mimicked the clothing and hairstyles of high fashion designers in France and Italy, opting for tailored suits that were topped by parkas. They rode on scooters, usually

1829:. This afro was not just a fashion statement but also an emblem of racial pride. They started to believe that by allowing their hair to grow in its nature state without chemical treatments, they would be accepting their racial identities. 1378:. Mod fashion was often described as the City Gent look. The young men incorporated striped boating blazers and bold prints into their wardrobe. Shirts were slim, with a necessary button down collar accompanied by slim fitted trousers. 433:

arrived on the fashion scene, and was worn by both sexes. Suits were very diverse in color but were, for the first time ever, fitted and very slim. Waistlines for women were left unmarked and hemlines were getting shorter and shorter.

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designers in Pasadena were designing nuclear arms for day jobs and were surfing at night. The modern surfboard design itself originates from the military-industrial complex's product development, where the Manhattan Project's

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styles that resembled each other. In the UK, it was the new fashion for mod women to cut their hair short and close to their heads. Meanwhile, hippie girls favored long, straight natural hair, kept in place with a

1210:, plaid and striped surf jackets gained relevancy. Teens wore them to proclaim surf clubs; what beach they were from, and where they surfed. For a surfer though, it is curious why a woolen plaid jacket paired with 2025: 106:; both became extremely popular. False eyelashes were worn by women throughout the 1960s. Hairstyles were a variety of lengths and styles. Psychedelic prints, neon colors, and mismatched patterns were in style. 758:

popularized day wear and "working clothing". New ready to wear lines replaced individualized formal couture fashion. The Working Girl created an image of a new, independent woman who has control over her body.

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from a children's section. Dresses were often embellished with lace, ribbons, and other frills; the look was topped off with light colored tights. Crocheted clothing also took off within this specific style.

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1967-68...mark the change in direction from futurist to romantic fashion....n reaction to the uniformity of geometric haircuts and 'functional' fashion, stiff carved tweed shifts and creaking plastic...

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wore surf jackets to identify with surf clubs and as surfers (Retro 1960s Swimwear). Jackets worn as group status identifiers continued in the Sixties, but with focus around beach music and lifestyle.

4294: 397:, helmet-like hats, and dyed fake-furs were popular for young women. Colors associated with Space Age fashions, especially in 1965 and '66, were dominated by metallic silver and the stark whites of 2135: 1875: 4491: 1923: 5037: 1898: 1297:(Martin D. Henry). Similarly, Hawaii's surfer image and Californian translation responds to the decade's violence and further inspired full-on nonviolent revolutionary Hippie fashions. 5466: 529: 273:

in 1946 but struggled to gain acceptance in the mass-market during the 1950s, especially in America. In 1963, rather large versions of bikinis featured in the surprise hit teen film

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Yves Saint Laurent's fall...1963...visored caps, black leather jerkins, and Roger Vivier's...thigh-high...boots in crocodile gave what Ashley called 'a real space girl effect...'

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and Mia Farrow just five years later to a very long straight style as popularized by the hippies in the late 1960s. Between these extremes, the chin-length contour cut and the

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influenced male fashion in Britain. Designers were producing clothing more suitable for young adults, leading to an increase in interest and sales. In the late 1960s, the

4112:"Orzada, Belinda T. "Fashion Trends and Cultural Influences 1960-present." Twentieth Century Design: Ethnic Influences. 7 Oct. 1998. University of Delaware. 10 Apr. 2009" 2199: 1488:

as a statement that war was obsolete. Early hippies, derisively referred to as freaks by the older generation, also used elements of roleplay such as headbands, cloaks,

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flared skirt and long, wide trumpet sleeves, it was usually worn with patterned tights, and was often made of crocheted lace, velvet, chiffon or sometimes cotton with a

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was the norm in the UK, Europe and America from the early 60s until the end of the decade. Black men usually buzzed their hair short or wore styles like the

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During the early 1960s, slim fitting single breasted continental style suits and skinny ties were fashionable in the UK and America. These suits, as worn by

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The Single Girl was the true depiction of the societal and commercial obsession with the adolescent look. Particular to the mid-sixties, icons such as

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in the 1950s, young Russian men who dressed this way were ridiculed in the media, and sometimes forced to get their hair cut in police stations.

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were popular for women in the autumn and winter of 1969. Women's shirts often had transparent sleeves. Psychedelic prints, hemp and the look of "

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style. Hosiery manufacturers of the time like Mary Quant (who founded Pamela Mann Legwear) combined the "Flower Power" style of dress and the

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sometimes made from straw. The style remained fashionable for men until it was supplanted by more casual everyday clothing influenced by the

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the following year, giving insight into the suburban female experience, further igniting women's push for a more independent lifestyle. The

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were worn along with acrylics. A popular look for women was the suede mini-skirt worn with a French polo-neck top, square-toed boots, and

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or striped patterns, brocade waistcoats and shirts with frilled collars. Their hair worn below the collar bone. Rolling Stones guitarist

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and a single button, and were available either in the traditional black, or in bright colors such as red or sky blue popularized by

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Bourne, L. (2014). "A history of the Miniskirt: How fashion's most daring hemline came to be." Retrieved October 30, 2016, from

46: 5573: 4722: 2624: 876:. At the same time as the hippies of the late 1960s were imitating Indian fashions, however, some fashion conscious Indian and 4699:"Troubled Times: 1961–79 – Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages" 840:

Middle class Indian menswear followed postwar European trends, but most women continued to wear traditional dress such as the

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look, was desirable casual wear for middle class adults in America during the early to mid 1960s. Typical outfits included

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within the fashion industry. Instead, these activists wore androgynous and masculine clothing such as jeans, work boots or

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is a skirt with a hemline around 6, 7 inches above the knees. Early references to the miniskirt from the Wyoming newspaper

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Roger Vivier, who provides most of the new shoes for the haute couture, has made everything in clear plastic this year...

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Space age fashion first appeared in the late 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. It was heavily influenced by the

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in Britain, Australia, New Zealand and America. Middle class youths of both sexes favored a unisex look with long hair,

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and patch pockets. From the early 1950s until the mid-1960s, most Indian women maintained traditional dress such as the

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Radner, Hilary (2001). "Embodying the Single Girl in the 1960s". In Joanne Entwistle and Elizabeth B. Wilson (ed.).

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Head coverings changed dramatically towards the end of the decade as men's hats went out of style, replaced by the

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Saint Laurent's black and white geometric shifts...Saint Laurent: Black ciré smock and thigh-high alligator boots.

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In 1958, the 'revolutionary' silhouette was a long, unbroken oval, obviously inspired by a space rocket's shape...

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Niara. (2016, January 9). "Aesthetics and Activism: The history of miniskirt." Retrieved October 30, 2016, from

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epitomised this "dandified" look. Due to the colorful nature of menswear, the time period was described as the

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in a white bikini on the cover. This has been credited with making the bikini a legitimate piece of clothing.

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Saint Laurent makes his shifts...transparent except where they are striped or chevroned with silver sequins.

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were a British fashion phenomenon in the mid-1960s with their parkas, tailored Italian suits, and scooters.

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Californian engineers for the Cold War were also surfing and equally engineering that fashion. Just as the

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Additionally, as Californian water inspired lifestyles influenced fashion, many guys improvised their own

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of 1965. Fluorescent colors (also known as day-glo or neon) and even light-up dresses like those shown by

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Fashion design, referenced: A visual guide to the history, language, and practice of fashion. Gloucester

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The chemise...began in Paris in 1957,...variously called the sack, the shift, or the space silhouette...

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theorize that his exposure to the surfer image in South Pacific travel journals influenced his imagined

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in 1964, consisting of only a brief, close-fitting bottom and two thin straps; it was the first women's

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Starting in 1967, youth culture began to change musically and Mod culture shifted to a more laid back

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wrinkle-free. The synthetic fabrics of the 1960s allowed space age fashion designers such as the late

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The Mods' lifestyle and musical tastes were the exact opposite of their rival group, known as the

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was getting its start during this period: pushing for a new feminine ideal to be capitalized on.

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Nectara, J (2012, July 13). "The Miniskirt – A Short History." Retrieved October 30, 2016, from

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women began to incorporate modernist Western trends. One particularly infamous fad combined the

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Footwear for women included low-heeled sandals and kitten-heeled pumps, as well as trendy white

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school of design to create fashion tights that would appeal to a female audience that enjoyed

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were occasionally worn. Famous celebrities associated with marketing the miniskirt included:

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In the USSR during the mid to late 1960s, Mods and Hippies were nicknamed Hairies for their

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worn in the 1950s and earlier. During the mid-1960s, hats began to decline after presidents

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by radical feminists in America against accouterments of what they perceived to be enforced

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wearing a red wool dress with matching jacket. She was a fashion icon in the early 1960s.

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His designs were very modern and architectural, much like those of Courreges and Cardin.

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to design garments with bold shapes and a plastic texture. Non-cloth material, such as

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The 1960s were an age of fashion innovation for women. The early 1960s gave birth to

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Fashions in the early years of the decade reflected the elegance of the First Lady,

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and goatees, to full-grown beards became popular with young men from 1966 onwards.

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exceeding five inches in width, and featuring crazy prints, stripes and patterns.

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influenced prints, as did geometric art from earlier in the century like that of

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and shoes of transparent plastic. Shoes, boots, and handbags were often made of

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movement also exerted a strong influence on women's clothing styles, including

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independent, yet paradoxically, also were put into a box of conceived ideals.

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Dow, Bonnie J. (Spring 2003). "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology".

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The Sixties invented the Californian Cool style, by relaxing style to escape

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showed the look during its peak of influence from 1963 to 1967. Italian-born

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The Peacock Revolution and the Beatles: British Men's Fashion from 1963–1973

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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/23/mini-skirt-evolution_n_6894040.html

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The American Peoples Encyclopedia 1966 Encyclopedia Yearbook: Events of 1965

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The American Peoples Encyclopedia 1966 Encyclopedia Yearbook: Events of 1965

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20,000 Years of Fashion : the history of costume and personal adornment

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Op art was a natural for fabric design, and many a 1965 shift was opped-up.

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of elite designers and the mass-market manufacturers. Examples include the

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Jones, Glynis (2010). "Subcultural and Alternative Dress in Australia".

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in 1962 wearing a top with a crew-neck. Her hair is teased at the crown.

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in the early part of the decade to the very short styles popularized by

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where conservatives denounced the so-called "hipster sari" as indecent.

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http://www.collegefashion.net/inspiration/the-history-of-the-miniskirt/

2694: 2662: 2190: 2032: 1968: 1814: 1786: 1739: 1735: 1696: 1658: 1614: 1542: 1513: 1433: 1386: 1342: 1270: 1200: 980: 809: 279:, which led a wave of films that made the bikini a pop-culture symbol. 138: 51: 5225: 4339:"League of gentlemen: How to get the effortlessly cool style of Paul" 3694:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd. p. 296. 3665:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd. p. 292. 3637:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd. p. 292. 3330:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd. p. 292. 2742: 2699: 2689: 2667: 2570: 1996: 1767: 1654: 1493: 1465: 1422: 1240:. For the youth of the 1960s, however, the plaid Pendleton signified 1224: 1103: 1099: 1056: 1021: 993: 985: 929: 925: 877: 801: 770: 685: 647: 579:

both contributed to the invention of the miniskirt during the 1960s.

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identify, and as 1950 varsity sports wore lettered cardigans, 1960s

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