853:
41:
119:
141:
281:
The
Parliament may make a law fixing an age that is less than seventy years as the maximum age for Justices of a court created by the Parliament and may at any time repeal or amend such a law, but any such repeal or amendment does not affect the term of office of a Justice under an appointment made
270:
The appointment of a
Justice of a court created by the Parliament shall be for a term expiring upon his attaining the age that is, at the time of his appointment, the maximum age for Justices of that court and a person shall not be appointed as a Justice of such a court if he has attained the age
298:
A reference in this section to the appointment of a
Justice of the High Court or of a court created by the Parliament shall be read as including a reference to the appointment of a person who holds office as a Justice of the High Court or of a court created by the Parliament to another office of
292:
Nothing in the provisions added to this section by the
Constitution Alteration (Retirement of Judges) 1977 affects the continuance of a person in office as a Justice of a court under an appointment made before the commencement of those
1225:
264:
The appointment of a
Justice of the High Court shall be for a term expiring upon his attaining the age of seventy years, and a person shall not be appointed as a Justice of the High Court if he has attained that
569:
The amendment introduced in the following year sought to provide for a retiring age of 70 for all federal court judges, including those on the High Court. The issue was not controversial, despite Sir
576:
The amendment applied prospectively, meaning the tenure of those High Court and
Federal judges appointed prior to the referendum were unaffected. Of the serving High Court judges, only Sir
1433:
1638:
1602:
2542:
2502:
1556:
798:
2497:
2467:
1157:
2487:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2412:
1566:
1318:
819:
2552:
2477:
588:, who were appointed Chief Justice and thus lost their right to the original life tenure. Several Federal judges made use of their original tenure, with judges of the
549:
In
October 1976 the Senate Standing Committee on Constitutional and Legal Affairs recommended a retiring age for all federal judges. This recommendation was based on
2437:
2397:
2392:
2382:
1240:
841:
2387:
2359:
2244:
1704:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2284:
2264:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
1699:
1546:
1485:
701:
2369:
2209:
2204:
2194:
2174:
2164:
2149:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1531:
1428:
1387:
1382:
1351:
1285:
1235:
1175:
257:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1689:
1669:
1346:
580:
made use of his original tenure, retiring in 1981 at the age of 77. The remaining judges either retired, resigned, or died, with the exception of Sir
1632:
287:
A Justice of the High Court or of a court created by the
Parliament may resign his office by writing under his hand delivered to the Governor-General.
1592:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1536:
802:
790:
1200:
1195:
1141:
1500:
1215:
1628:
1623:
1402:
1311:
1280:
738:
2537:
1643:
871:
2457:
2507:
2492:
2452:
2427:
1618:
1356:
1275:
2447:
2417:
2442:
2432:
2422:
1495:
834:
725:
705:
2402:
2407:
1480:
2349:
2324:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2239:
2214:
2199:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
1304:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
2557:
2532:
1029:
1019:
1009:
979:
636:
730:
1470:
1397:
827:
233:
As of 2023 it is the most recent referendum in
Australia that has led to the successful modification of the Constitution.
1587:
589:
573:' description of the change as 'superficial and ill-considered'. Over 80 per cent of voters supported the amendment.
1648:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1205:
1190:
1185:
1180:
223:
2547:
1582:
1327:
781:
17:
1526:
1510:
1167:
862:
640:
276:
Subject to this section, the maximum age for
Justices of any court created by the Parliament is seventy years.
612:
1490:
1454:
1418:
1341:
219:
1653:
1475:
1449:
858:
242:
It is proposed to alter the Constitution so as to provide for retiring ages for judges of federal courts.
86:
It is proposed to alter the Constitution so as to provide for retiring ages for judges of federal courts.
1392:
585:
1377:
596:
562:
avoiding 'the unfortunate necessity' of removing a judge made unfit for office by declining health.
616:
1597:
604:
720:
566:
The committee's view was accepted by the Australian Constitutional Convention soon thereafter.
222:
to introduce a retirement age of 70 for federal judges. It was put to voters for approval in a
1679:
1423:
1361:
752:
744:
734:
608:
577:
599:
retiring on 31 December 1982 aged 75. Five Federal Court judges did not retire at age 70,
570:
556:
a need to open up avenues for 'able legal practitioners' to achieve judicial positions
2526:
1505:
684:
663:
227:
600:
592:
581:
534:
Obtained majority in all six States and an overall majority of 4,494,820 votes.
748:
664:"Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act Amendment to Section 72, page 15"
1296:
852:
756:
271:
that is for the time being the maximum age for Justices of that court.
299:
Justice of the same court having a different status or designation.
559:
a growing community belief in a compulsory retiring age for judges
1300:
823:
256:
The proposal was to add the following paragraphs at the end of
1347:
Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia: The Legislature
702:"Part 5 - Referendums and Plebiscites - Referendum results"
1383:
Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia: The Executive
553:
a perceived need 'to maintain vigorous and dynamic courts'
226:. After being approved in the referendum, it received the
27:
Australian constitutional referendum on judges' retirement
1603:
Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990
1424:
Chapter III of the constitution of Australia: Courts
2368:
1713:
1662:
1639:
2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis
1611:
1575:
1519:
1463:
1442:
1411:
1370:
1334:
1166:
1150:
870:
686:
Constitution Alteration (Retirement of Judges) 1977
216:
Constitution Alteration (Retirement of Judges) Bill
94:
18:1977 Australian referendum (Retirement of Judges)
33:Australian Judge Retirement Age referendum, 1977
1312:
835:
641:"Referendum dates and results 1906 - present"
502:
8:
218:1977 was a successful proposal to alter the
32:
2543:Amendments to the Constitution of Australia
1429:Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia
1388:Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia
1352:Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia
689:– via Federal Register of Legislation
2428:(xviii) Copyrights, patents and trademarks
1717:
1496:Implied freedom of political communication
1319:
1305:
1297:
842:
828:
820:
776:
729:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
595:retiring on 31 December 1977 aged 82, and
1593:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
328:
325:
322:
307:
100:
2553:Constitutional referendums in Australia
699:Handbook of the 44th Parliament (2014)
628:
252:Changes to the text of the constitution
2393:(v) Post and telegraph (communication)
31:
1654:Separatist movements within Australia
1501:Implied immunity of instrumentalities
721:"Joske, Sir Percy Ernest (1895–1981)"
515:
489:
463:
437:
411:
385:
359:
7:
1705:VIII: Alteration of the Constitution
1644:List of proposed states of Australia
2488:(xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration
1619:Constitutional history of Australia
89:Do you approve of the proposed law?
726:Australian Dictionary of Biography
706:Parliamentary Library of Australia
25:
2383:(i) Interstate trade and commerce
643:. Australian Electoral Commission
851:
247:Do you approve the proposed law?
230:and became law on 29 July 1977.
139:
117:
39:
2433:(xix) Naturalization and aliens
637:Australian Electoral Commission
282:before the repeal or amendment.
2483:(xxxi) Acquisition of property
807:Retirement of Judges amendment
731:Australian National University
224:referendum held on 21 May 1977
1:
1471:Australian Constitutional Law
1675:II: The Executive Government
521:
495:
469:
443:
417:
391:
365:
342:
339:
336:
333:
312:
2538:1977 elections in Australia
1588:Statute of Westminster 1931
1567:Retirement of judges (1977)
662:Commonwealth of Australia.
590:Australian Industrial Court
476:
450:
424:
398:
372:
346:
2574:
1649:Republicanism in Australia
1629:Constitutional Conventions
1486:Constitutional conventions
799:Senate Vacancies Amendment
1720:
1583:Constitution of Australia
1506:Reserve power (sovereign)
1403:Federal Executive Council
1328:Constitution of Australia
1151:Constitutional Convention
796:
782:Constitution of Australia
779:
532:
319:
316:
313:
197:Registered voters/turnout
111:
108:
99:
84:
53:
37:
2458:(xxiiiA) Social security
1357:House of Representatives
2473:(xxix) External affairs
1557:Casual vacancies (1977)
1532:Senate elections (1906)
814:Most recent amendments
504:Total for Commonwealth
220:Australian Constitution
168:Invalid or blank votes
2558:Judiciary of Australia
2533:1977 in Australian law
2370:Enumerated legislative
1547:Social services (1946)
1542:2nd State debts (1928)
1537:1st State debts (1910)
1476:Responsible government
1450:Inter-State Commission
2478:(xxx) Pacific islands
1685:IV: Finance and Trade
1511:Reserved State powers
791:Aboriginals Amendment
609:Sir Reginald Smithers
61:21 May 1977
1576:Constitutional texts
1481:Separation of powers
803:Referendum amendment
2468:(xxvii) Immigration
2372:powers (Section 51)
1680:III: The Judicature
615:(1995) aged 80 and
310:
34:
2503:(xxxviii) Imperial
2493:(xxxvi) Transition
1700:VII: Miscellaneous
1598:Australia Act 1986
1562:Referendums (1977)
1552:Aboriginals (1967)
1527:Referendum process
1443:Other institutions
1434:Boilermakers' Case
780:Amendments to the
719:Horner, J (2007).
452:Western Australia
308:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2498:(xxxvii) Referral
2438:(xx) Corporations
1670:I: The Parliament
1335:Legislative power
1294:
1293:
872:Federal elections
818:
817:
740:978-0-522-84459-7
603:(1990), aged 79,
542:
541:
212:
211:
208:
207:
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
2565:
2548:1977 referendums
2508:(xxxix) Incident
2453:(xxiii) Pensions
1718:
1398:Governor-General
1321:
1314:
1307:
1298:
856:
855:
844:
837:
830:
821:
808:
777:
768:
767:
765:
763:
716:
710:
709:
697:
691:
690:
681:
675:
674:
672:
670:
659:
653:
652:
650:
648:
633:
619:(1998) aged 73.
611:(1986) aged 83,
607:(1980) aged 71,
578:Garfield Barwick
426:South Australia
348:New South Wales
311:
198:
143:
142:
121:
120:
101:
80:
79:
68:
66:
55:
54:
49:
48:
44:
43:
42:
35:
21:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2512:
2423:(xiv) Insurance
2403:(ix) Quarantine
2371:
2364:
1709:
1658:
1607:
1571:
1515:
1459:
1438:
1407:
1371:Executive power
1366:
1330:
1325:
1295:
1290:
1162:
1146:
866:
850:
848:
810:
806:
805:
801:
793:
772:
771:
761:
759:
741:
718:
717:
713:
700:
698:
694:
683:
682:
678:
668:
666:
661:
660:
656:
646:
644:
635:
634:
630:
625:
613:Charles Sweeney
601:Sir Nigel Bowen
593:Sir Percy Joske
547:
320:Ballots issued
317:Electoral roll
306:
254:
239:
196:
140:
118:
106:
90:
88:
87:
78:
77:
76:
64:
62:
47:
46:
45:
40:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:(xxii) Divorce
2445:
2443:(xxi) Marriage
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2418:(xiii) Banking
2415:
2413:(xii) Currency
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:VI: New States
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1412:Judicial power
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
874:
868:
867:
849:
847:
846:
839:
832:
824:
816:
815:
812:
795:
789:
785:
784:
770:
769:
739:
711:
692:
676:
654:
627:
626:
624:
621:
605:Sir John Nimmo
571:Robert Menzies
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
546:
543:
540:
539:
531:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
449:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
423:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
397:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
309:Result
305:
302:
301:
300:
295:
294:
289:
288:
284:
283:
278:
277:
273:
272:
267:
266:
253:
250:
238:
235:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
193:
192:
187:
182:
176:
175:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
147:
136:
135:
130:
125:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
97:
96:
92:
91:
85:
82:
81:
73:
72:
70:
58:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2570:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:(x) Fisheries
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:(ii) Taxation
2386:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:V: The States
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:The Dismissal
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1455:Privy Council
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
873:
869:
864:
860:
854:
845:
840:
838:
833:
831:
826:
825:
822:
813:
809:
804:
800:
792:
788:5th amendment
787:
786:
783:
778:
775:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
736:
732:
728:
727:
722:
715:
712:
707:
703:
696:
693:
688:
687:
680:
677:
665:
658:
655:
642:
638:
632:
629:
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Edward Dunphy
594:
591:
587:
586:Anthony Mason
583:
579:
574:
572:
567:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
550:
544:
538:
535:
529:
528:
524:
518:
512:
509:
506:
503:
498:
492:
486:
483:
480:
477:
472:
466:
460:
457:
454:
451:
446:
440:
434:
431:
428:
425:
420:
414:
408:
405:
402:
399:
394:
388:
382:
379:
376:
373:
368:
362:
356:
353:
350:
347:
332:
303:
297:
296:
291:
290:
286:
285:
280:
279:
275:
274:
269:
268:
263:
262:
261:
259:
251:
249:
248:
244:
243:
236:
234:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
203:
200:
195:
194:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
156:
155:
151:
148:
146:
138:
137:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
116:
115:
103:
102:
98:
93:
83:
71:
69:
59:
57:
56:
52:
36:
30:
19:
2398:(vi) Defence
1612:Other topics
1142:by-elections
1135:
865:in Australia
797:
773:
760:. Retrieved
724:
714:
695:
685:
679:
669:25 September
667:. Retrieved
657:
647:25 September
645:. Retrieved
631:
617:Ray Northrop
575:
568:
565:
548:
536:
533:
255:
246:
245:
241:
240:
232:
228:royal assent
215:
213:
189:
184:
179:
157:Valid votes
144:
132:
127:
122:
60:
29:
2463:(xxvi) Race
1168:Referendums
863:referendums
582:Harry Gibbs
400:Queensland
293:provisions.
180:Total votes
2527:Categories
1714:By section
1663:By chapter
1520:Amendments
1491:Federalism
1419:High Court
1342:Parliament
762:7 December
623:References
545:Discussion
519:1,485,574
513:5,980,394
510:7,605,882
507:8,242,383
406:1,138,842
403:1,241,426
383:1,659,273
380:2,083,136
377:2,252,831
357:2,316,999
354:2,774,388
351:3,007,511
258:section 72
201:8,242,383
160:7,465,968
149:1,485,574
65:1977-05-21
2379:Powers of
1464:Doctrines
859:elections
749:1833-7538
478:Tasmania
374:Victoria
329:Informal
185:7,605,882
128:5,980,394
1393:Monarchy
857:Federal
757:70677943
639:(2011).
584:and Sir
530:Results
525:139,914
487:174,951
484:246,063
481:259,081
467:130,307
461:472,228
458:617,463
455:682,291
441:104,987
435:622,760
432:745,990
429:799,243
415:391,227
409:734,183
389:378,505
363:414,070
326:Against
237:Question
171:139,914
1378:Cabinet
794:(1910)
774:
537:Carried
493:66,478
473:14,928
447:18,243
421:13,432
395:45,358
369:43,319
304:Results
204:92.28%
190:100.00%
163:98.16%
152:19.90%
95:Results
63: (
1362:Senate
755:
747:
737:
522:19.90
516:80.10
499:4,634
496:27.54
490:72.46
470:21.63
464:78.37
444:14.43
438:85.57
418:34.76
412:65.24
392:18.57
386:81.43
366:15.16
360:84.84
314:State
174:1.84%
133:80.10%
109:Votes
105:Choice
811:1977
340:Vote
334:Vote
2245:105A
1633:1998
1286:2023
1281:2017
1276:1999
1271:1988
1266:1984
1261:1977
1256:1974
1251:1973
1246:1967
1241:1951
1236:1948
1231:1946
1226:1944
1221:1937
1216:1928
1211:1926
1206:1919
1201:1917
1196:1916
1191:1913
1186:1911
1181:1910
1176:1906
1158:1997
1136:Next
1130:2022
1125:2019
1120:2016
1115:2013
1110:2010
1105:2007
1100:2004
1095:2001
1090:1998
1085:1996
1080:1993
1075:1990
1070:1987
1065:1984
1060:1983
1055:1980
1050:1977
1045:1975
1040:1974
1035:1972
1030:1970
1025:1969
1020:1967
1015:1966
1010:1964
1005:1963
1000:1961
995:1958
990:1955
985:1954
980:1953
975:1951
970:1949
965:1946
960:1943
955:1940
950:1937
945:1934
940:1931
935:1929
930:1928
925:1925
920:1922
915:1919
910:1917
905:1914
900:1913
895:1910
890:1906
885:1903
880:1901
861:and
764:2018
753:OCLC
745:ISSN
735:ISBN
671:2012
649:2012
323:For
265:age.
214:The
2360:128
2355:127
2350:126
2345:125
2340:124
2335:123
2330:122
2325:121
2320:120
2315:119
2310:118
2305:117
2300:116
2295:115
2290:114
2285:113
2280:112
2275:111
2270:110
2265:109
2260:108
2255:107
2250:106
2240:105
2235:104
2230:103
2225:102
2220:101
2215:100
123:Yes
2529::
2210:99
2205:98
2200:97
2195:96
2190:95
2185:94
2180:93
2175:92
2170:91
2165:90
2160:89
2155:88
2150:87
2145:86
2140:85
2135:84
2130:83
2125:82
2120:81
2115:80
2110:79
2105:78
2100:77
2095:76
2090:75
2085:74
2080:73
2075:72
2070:71
2065:70
2060:69
2055:68
2050:67
2045:66
2040:65
2035:64
2030:63
2025:62
2020:61
2015:60
2010:59
2005:58
2000:57
1995:56
1990:55
1985:54
1980:53
1975:52
1970:50
1965:49
1960:48
1955:47
1950:46
1945:45
1940:44
1935:43
1930:42
1925:41
1920:40
1915:39
1910:38
1905:37
1900:36
1895:35
1890:34
1885:33
1880:32
1875:31
1870:30
1865:29
1860:28
1855:27
1850:26
1845:25
1840:24
1835:23
1830:22
1825:21
1820:20
1815:19
1810:18
1805:17
1800:16
1795:15
1790:14
1785:13
1780:12
1775:11
1770:10
751:.
743:.
733:.
723:.
704:.
343:%
337:%
260:.
145:No
112:%
1765:9
1760:8
1755:7
1750:6
1745:5
1740:4
1735:3
1730:2
1725:1
1635:)
1631:(
1320:e
1313:t
1306:v
843:e
836:t
829:v
766:.
708:.
673:.
651:.
67:)
20:)
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