1392:, the State creates, exercises guidance over and administers a national public health system that crosses sector boundaries, and is decentralized and participatory in nature, integrated with the social security system and governed by the principles of gratuity, universality, completeness, fairness, social integration and solidarity. The public health system gives priority to promoting health and preventing disease, guaranteeing prompt treatment and quality rehabilitation. Public health assets and services are the property of the State and shall not be privatized. The organized community has the right and duty to participate in the making- of decisions concerning policy planning, implementation and control at public health institutions.
1400:: Financing of the public health system is the responsibility of the State, which shall integrate the revenue resources, mandatory Social Security contributions and any other sources of financing provided for by law. The State guarantees a health budget such as to make possible the attainment of health policy objectives. In coordination with universities and research centers, a national professional and technical training policy and a national industry to produce health care supplies shall be promoted and developed. The State shall regulate both public and private health care institutions.
1380:: Health is a fundamental social right and the responsibility of the State, which shall guarantee it as part of the right to life. The State shall promote and develop policies oriented toward improving the quality of life, common welfare and access to services. All persons have the right to protection of health, as well as the duty to participate actively in the furtherance and protection of the same, and to comply with such health and hygiene measures as may be established by law, and in accordance with international conventions and treaties signed and ratified by the Republic.
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comprehensively enact his planned social justice programs. Sweeping changes in
Venezuelan governmental structure were to be made; Chávez's plan was, stemming from his 1998 campaign pledges, thus to dramatically open up Venezuelan political discourse to independent and third parties by radically altering the national political context. In the process, Chávez sought to fatally paralyse his
1475:
977:
existing
Congress and the courts, including the power to dissolve them if it so chose. Against this, some of his opponents, including notably the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Cecilia Sosa Gomez, argued that the Constituent assembly must remain subordinate to the existing institutions until the constitution it produced had been ratified.
949:, which took place on 19 April. The electorate were asked two questions – whether a constituent assembly should be convened, and whether it should follow the mechanisms proposed by the president. 92% of voters approved calling a constituent assembly and 86% approved the electoral system suggested by Chávez.
892:, free health care, access to a clean environment, right of minorities (especially indigenous peoples) to uphold their own traditional cultures, religions, and languages, among others. The 1999 Constitution, with 350 articles, is among the world's longest, most complicated, and most comprehensive constitutions.
1269:
And a post of vice-president was recreated to direct the day-to-day operations of the government and to exercise duties and powers that may delegated by the
President as well as to act as the chief operating officer of government. He or she can be removed via impeachment by the National Assembly. The
985:
estimated were nearly half of the nation's 4700 judges, clerks, and bailiffs. On 23 August, the
Supreme Court voted 8–6 that the Assembly was not acting unconstitutionally in assuming those powers; however, the next day Cecilia Sosa Gomez resigned in protest. Over 190 judges were eventually suspended
1258:
It also increased the presidential term of office from five to six years, subject to a limit of two terms. The document also introduced provisions for national presidential recall referendums – that is, Venezuelan voters now were to be given the right to remove their president from
989:
On 25 August, the
Constituent assembly declared a "legislative emergency," voting to limit the Congress's work to matters such as supervising the budget and communications. In response, the Congress, which in July had decided to go into recess until October to avoid conflict with the Constituent
976:
Conflict soon arose between the
Constituent assembly and the older institutions it was supposed to reform or replace. During his 1998 presidential campaign, and in advance of the 25 July elections to the Assembly, Chávez had maintained that the new body would immediately have precedence over the
1270:
vice-president is also politically responsible to the
National Assembly side by side with the ministers of Cabinet. Upon the vacancy of the office of the president upon death, recall, resignation or impeachment by the STJ, the vice president thus assumes the office and title of the presidency.
1259:
office before the expiration of the presidential term. Such referendums were to be activated upon provision of petitions with a valid number of signatures. The new provision was activated for the first time when such a referendum was held in 2004, but it failed to receive majority support. See
1002:
Afterward, over the span of a mere 60 days in late 1999, the new and voter-approved
Constituent assembly would frame and found a document that enshrined as constitutional law most of the structural changes Chávez desired. Chávez stated such changes were necessary in order to successfully and
1322:
office with the authority to check the activities of the presidency, the
National Assembly, and the constitution – Chávez styled such a defender as the guardian of the so-called 'moral branch' of the Venezuelan government, tasked with defending public and moral interests.
1263:. The Presidency was also strengthened, aside from being the Chief Executive, head of state and head of government, with the power to dissolve the National Assembly under certain conditions, and can issue decrees that has the force of law, upon authorization by the National Assembly.
1061:(articles 333 and 350) and the independence of the republic from foreign domination. Besides these elements, separation of powers (albeit with two new branches of government) and rights of property, expression and strike were mainly kept the same as on the previous constitution.
940:
After his imprisonment and release, he began to seek a political career with such a convention as its political goal. In the buildup to the 1998 presidential elections, one of Chávez's promises was to organise a referendum asking the people if they wanted to convene a
1973:. Direct and secret elections to elect the President, eliminated the Federal Council and created a Governing Council, composed of 9 members (one for each State) appointed by Congress every 4 years. The President of that body acted as Vice President of the Republic.
1979:. The Governing Council is eliminated, the presidential period rose to 6 years, eliminated the universal and direct suffrage, put in the hands of the Municipal Councils election of the President of the Republic. The territory was divided into 20 States.
993:
At one point the
Constituent assembly prohibited the Congress from holding meetings of any sort. However, on 10 September, the two bodies reached an agreement allowing for their "coexistence" until the new constitution took effect.
2050:
The Law was changed 23 times since 1811, the new Constitution is adopted, on average, every ten years. The most significant changes are those contained in the Fundamental Laws of 1811, 1830, 1864, 1936, 1947, 1961 and 1999.
1935:. This Constitution adopted by the Congress of the Republic on 16 April 1857, the purpose of it was to increase the presidential term to six years, the President can be reelected and centralize the organization of the state.
1941:. This new Constitution granted more autonomy to the Provinces, the election of the President, Vice President and other officials by universal, direct and secret ballot. It established the presidential term of 5 years.
932:
of 6 December 1998. Chávez had been contemplating a constitutional convention for Venezuela as an ideal means to rapidly bring about sweeping and radical social change to Venezuela beginning from the eve of his
963:
Elections were then held, on 25 July, to elect 131 deputies to the Constituent Assembly, which convened and debated proposals during the remainder of 1999. Members of Chávez's MVR and allied parties formed the
1338:
Lastly, the Venezuelan judiciary was reformed. Judges would, under the new constitution, be installed after passing public examinations and not, as in the old manner, be appointed by the National Assembly.
980:
In mid August 1999, the Constituent assembly moved to restructure the nation's judiciary, claiming the power to fire judges, seeking to expedite the investigations of corruption outstanding against what
1409:
Article 308 of Title VI the Venezuelan constitution showed a changed view on businesses. This article sought to introduce support for alternative management of businesses. Mentioned in the article are
857:) refer to the 1999 document as the "Constitución Bolivariana" (the "Bolivarian Constitution") because they assert that it is ideologically descended from the thinking and political philosophy of
1179:
Despite the initial reluctance of the constituent assembly's deputies, it changed the country's official name from the "Republic of Venezuela" to the "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela".
838:
that had been created by popular referendum. Adopted in December 1999, it replaced the 1961 Constitution, the longest-serving in Venezuelan history. It was primarily promoted by then
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2579:
3142:
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The Constituent assembly itself drafted the new 1999 Venezuelan constitution. With 350 articles, the document was, as drafted, one of the world's lengthiest constitutions.
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289:
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1223:(CNE) and is responsible for the independent oversight of all elections in the country, municipal, state, and federal. The citizens' branch is constituted by the
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1242:. It is responsible for representing and defending the citizens in their dealings with powers of the Venezuelan state. The legislative branch was changed from a
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958:
618:
613:
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884:("Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela"). Major changes are made to the structure of Venezuela's government and responsibilities, while a much greater number of
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for various public offices (including President; a proposal to abolish Chávez's term limits was present also in 2007 amendments) was narrowly approved.
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and savings funds. The government supported these alternatives as a way to democratize capital and challenge oligopolistic control of the economy.
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204:
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One of the outstanding differences between Venezuelan and most of the other constitutions of the Americas is the lack of the possibility of
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3115:
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This new 1999 constitution was presented to the national electorate on 15 December 1999 and approved with a 72% "yes" vote (audited by the
533:
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1929:. The Constitution of 1830 arose as a result of the separation of the Department of Venezuela from Great Colombia to constitute Venezuela.
1311:
1004:
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1947:. It consecrated the federal system, in which the states would be independent and would unite to form the nation with the name of the
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1816:
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and thereafter received strong backing from diverse sectors, including figures involved in promulgating the 1961 constitution such as
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2035:
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1982:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1938:
1932:
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1911:
1889:
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2032:. The President, the congressmen, members of Legislative Assemblies and councilors elected by universal, direct and secret vote.
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388:
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1921:
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1609:
1291:
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1053:. While it retains a strong liberal-democratic base, it introduces elements of direct democracy such as elements of popular
1892:. The 1811 Constitution of Venezuela was the first Constitution of Venezuela and Latin America, promulgated and drafted by
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1962:. Reduced the 20 states of the Federation to 9 and created the Great Federal Council, in charge of electing the President.
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2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1994:
1988:
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1191:. Instead of the usual three branches of government, the new Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela has five (Article 136):
1107:
876:" due to the socioeconomic changes foretold in its pages, as well as the official change in Venezuela's name from the
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523:
425:
192:
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program. Notably, Article 84 under Title III mandate that the healthcare furnished through such public programmes as
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to the Angostura Congress in order to politically organize the Republic after the reconquest by the Liberating Army.
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1948:
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on 21 December 1811. It established a federal government but was repealed on 21 July 1812, by the capitulation of
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are enshrined in the document as guaranteed to all Venezuelans – including free education up to
742:
361:
4329:
2699:
1037:
The text of the constitution is a hybrid of jurisprudential and political norms drawn from sources as wide as
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Sowing the Oil? The Chavez Government's Policy Framework for an Alternative Food System in Venezuela.
1905:
1893:
1508:
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835:
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183:
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968:("Patriotic Axis"). The alliance went on to win 121 of the 131 seats in the Constituent assembly.
858:
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enshrine free and quality healthcare as a human right guaranteed to all Venezuelan citizens, the
1298:. In addition, the legislative branch's powers were substantially reduced and transferred to the
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1991:. Replaced the direct election of the President; returned to the presidential term of 4 years.
1327:
1050:
418:
221:
161:
17:
1290:
dropped the prior traditional arrangement of the bifurcation of legislative powers between a
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1951:. The President to be elected by direct and secret vote, with a term of office of 4 years.
1759:
1701:
1429:
Amendments proposed by President Chávez and parliament were twice decided in referendums:
1389:
1254:
A strengthened and recallable presidency and the creation of a functioning vice-presidency
904:
465:
3369:
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1985:. A reform of the electoral system for the Municipal Councils and Legislative Assemblies.
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1286:
legislature, and stripped it of many of its former powers. Thus, the new single-chamber
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3737:
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1801:
1352:
925:
846:
842:
126:
1029:). The new constitution then legally came into full effect the following 20 December.
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In 2009, term limits (not only that for president) were abolished by a referendum.
885:
827:
106:
903:. Instead, the president can be removed from office either by citizens through a
3319:
3177:
3160:
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1672:
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231:
2026:. The presidential term was set to 5 years. It was partially renovated in 1945.
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1443:
1283:
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293:
211:
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831:
199:
63:
1355:
administration attempted to fulfill its constitutional obligations via the
2130:
Russell Pelle, "Venezuela enters 2000 with progressive new constitution,"
2020:. President of the Republic proclaimed the Commander in Chief of the Army.
4307:
3374:
3100:
2569:
1774:
1011:
opposition. All Chávez's aims were, in one move, dramatically furthered.
868:
The Constitution of 1999 was the first constitution approved by popular
2848:
2705:
2275:
1901:
1474:
1099: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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was first elected under the provisions of the 1961 Constitution in the
3234:
2014:. Prohibited communist propaganda. Clarified powers of the President.
1295:
3821:
3767:
2318:
English translation of the constitution at University of Minnesota
1900:
and sanctioned by the Constituent Congress of 1811 in the city of
1008:
1059:
right to rebel against the violation of the constitutional system
3155:
2617:
1057:( consultative or recall referendums), social responsibilities,
872:
in Venezuelan history, and summarily inaugurated the so-called "
4084:
3238:
2771:
2336:
1488:
Autors of the first Constitution of Venezuela and Latin America
2332:
2084:
Planchart Manrique, Gustavo. "Constituciones de Venezuela" in
1068:
166:
Five (executive, legislature, judiciary, electoral, citizens')
2143:
Larry Rohter, "Voters Push Power Toward Venezuela Leader,"
2002:. Repealed the Provisional Constitutional Statute of 1914.
1041:'s writings on constitutionality and popular sovereignty,
2104:
Elkins, Zachary, Tom Ginsburg, and James Melton (2009).
990:
assembly, declared its recess over, effective 27 August.
4111:
Constitutions of states and dependencies in the Americas
2623:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
2008:. Marked foundations of a Unitary Presidential Republic.
1369:
under any circumstance. The relevant text from the 1999
2278:
Humboldt Journal of Social Relations 33:1/2. pp. 135–65
1436:– wide-ranging amendments were very narrowly rejected;
2312:
Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
1885:
Venezuela had numerous constitutions in its history:
824:
Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
53:
Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela
816:
Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
290:
Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
35:
Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
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2287:Briceño Perozo, Mario. "Mendoza, Cristóbal de" in
1021:December 1999 Venezuelan constitutional referendum
945:. His very first decree as president was to order
1278:The new constitution also converted the formerly
1310:Provision was also made for a new position, the
1198:The legislative branch (the National Assembly).
4096:
3250:
2783:
2348:
1866:
959:1999 Venezuelan Constituent assembly election
795:
48:
8:
4430:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
151:Federal presidential constitutional republic
3156:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
2618:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
1365:be publicly funded, and explicitly forbids
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3887:
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3658:
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2854:United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV)
2790:
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2291:, Vol. 3. Caracas: Fundación Polar, 1999.
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1334:Public examination for judicial candidates
802:
788:
300:
27:Current and 26th constitution of Venezuela
2928:2010 Colombia–Venezuela diplomatic crisis
2108:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2046:Constitution of Venezuela (1999), current
1440:2009 Venezuelan constitutional referendum
1434:2007 Venezuelan constitutional referendum
1347:As Articles 83–85 under Title III of the
1159:Learn how and when to remove this message
2896:2006 Chávez speech at the United Nations
2657:Chavismo: The Plague of the 21st Century
826:(CRBV)) is the current and twenty-sixth
2106:The Endurance of National Constitutions
2077:
1584:
1526:
1507:
1496:
1326:This is an idea derived from Bolivar's
303:
2988:2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election
2529:2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election
2509:2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election
2499:Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003
2234:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2227:
1827:Death and state funeral of Hugo Chávez
1219:The electoral branch is headed by the
1195:The executive branch (the Presidency).
31:
2038:. The voting age was set to 21 years.
1187:Significant changes were made to the
7:
3116:National Center for Foreign Commerce
2289:Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela
2086:Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela
1201:The judicial branch (the judiciary).
1097:adding citations to reliable sources
953:Election of the Constituent assembly
3644:Guayana Esequiba (Reclamation area)
2463:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
1618:American Confederation of Venezuela
1274:Unicameral and weakened legislature
1065:Innovations of the new constitution
2088:. Caracas: Fundación Polar, 1997.
1231:or "defender of the people"), the
1015:Ratification by popular referendum
972:The "judicial emergency committee"
882:República Bolivariana de Venezuela
834:. It was drafted in mid-1999 by a
25:
2859:Detention of Maria Lourdes Afiuni
2677:Hugo Chávez's cult of personality
2473:Constitutional referendum of 2009
2468:Constitutional referendum of 2007
1261:2004 Venezuelan recall referendum
880:("Republic of Venezuela") to the
4306:
4273:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3773:Ecological Movement of Venezuela
2844:Assassination of Danilo Anderson
2751:
2750:
2424:
2419:
2042:Constitution of Venezuela (1961)
2036:Constitution of Venezuela (1953)
2030:Constitution of Venezuela (1947)
2024:Constitution of Venezuela (1936)
2018:Constitution of Venezuela (1931)
2012:Constitution of Venezuela (1928)
2006:Constitution of Venezuela (1925)
2000:Constitution of Venezuela (1922)
1995:Constitution of Venezuela (1914)
1989:Constitution of Venezuela (1909)
1983:Constitution of Venezuela (1904)
1977:Constitution of Venezuela (1901)
1971:Constitution of Venezuela (1893)
1966:Constitution of Venezuela (1891)
1960:Constitution of Venezuela (1881)
1955:Constitution of Venezuela (1874)
1945:Constitution of Venezuela (1864)
1939:Constitution of Venezuela (1858)
1933:Constitution of Venezuela (1857)
1927:Constitution of Venezuela (1830)
1912:Constitution of Venezuela (1819)
1890:Constitution of Venezuela (1811)
1842:
1518:
1473:
1459:
1073:
762:
313:
284:
273:Constitution of Venezuela (1961)
64:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
2117:Article 233, Section II of the
1084:needs additional citations for
998:Framing of the new constitution
3335:Restorative Liberal Revolution
2983:2009 constitutional referendum
2978:2007 constitutional referendum
2664:El ocaso del socialismo mágico
1922:Colombian Constitution of 1821
1709:Restorative Liberal Revolution
1238:, and the comptroller general
18:1999 Constitution of Venezuela
1:
3128:Socialism of the 21st century
2913:2008 Andean diplomatic crisis
2590:Socialism of the 21st century
2478:Presidential election of 2012
2458:Presidential election of 2006
2406:Presidential election of 1998
2172:(Spanish), 11 September 1999.
943:National Constituent Assembly
3133:Venezuelan communal councils
2901:South American Energy Summit
2721:Venezuela Information Office
2711:The Silence and the Scorpion
2595:Venezuelan communal councils
1388:: In order to guarantee the
1349:1999 Venezuelan Constitution
853:. Chávez and his followers (
3709:Democratic Unity Roundtable
3698:People's Electoral Movement
3632:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
2968:2005 parliamentary election
2951:2000 trade union referendum
2694:Public image of Hugo Chávez
1183:Five branches of government
1108:"Constitution of Venezuela"
909:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
874:Fifth Republic of Venezuela
695:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
494:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
205:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
4538:
4497:Constitutions of Venezuela
3405:2017 constitutional crisis
2993:2012 presidential election
2973:2006 presidential election
1949:United States of Venezuela
1785:November 1992 coup attempt
1780:February 1992 coup attempt
1605:Viceroyalty of New Granada
1221:National Electoral Council
1033:Text and guiding doctrines
1027:National Electoral Council
1018:
986:on charges of corruption.
956:
4448:
4415:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4304:
4042:
3890:
3802:
3678:Movement We Are Venezuela
3534:Human rights in Venezuela
3519:
3441:
3380:1992 coup d'état attempts
3315:Revolution of the Reforms
3285:
3178:Con mis hijos no te metas
2729:
2504:Recall referendum of 2004
2417:
2370:
2119:Constitution of Venezuela
1658:Revolution of the Reforms
283:
4512:Constitutions by country
4435:Turks and Caicos Islands
3551:Administrative divisions
3410:2019 presidential crisis
3390:2002 coup d'état attempt
3325:Revindicating Revolution
3194:2002–2003 general strike
2879:2013 Uribana prison riot
2453:General election of 2000
2066:Constitutional economics
1688:Revindicating Revolution
1215:, or "citizens' power").
1208:, or "electoral power").
899:of the president by the
4517:Government of Venezuela
3524:Corruption in Venezuela
3189:Plaza Altamira military
2869:Death of Franklin Brito
2411:Death and state funeral
2182:. Retrieved 3 Nov 2005.
1415:family-owned businesses
1233:Chief Public Prosecutor
1045:, the Peruvian Marxist
751:Chávez's foreign policy
350:Constitutions of States
4350:British Virgin Islands
3849:Science and technology
3763:Movement for Socialism
3673:United Socialist Party
3395:2002–03 general strike
2956:2004 recall referendum
2923:Los Maniceros massacre
2907:¿Por qué no te callas?
2819:Cabinet of Hugo Chávez
2689:¿Por qué no te callas?
2443:Cabinet of Hugo Chávez
2376:President of Venezuela
1817:2004 recall referendum
1812:2002–03 general strike
1451:Pre-1999 constitutions
1402:
1394:
1382:
1318:), which was to be an
1300:President of Venezuela
1211:The citizens' branch (
1204:The electoral branch (
1047:José Carlos Mariátegui
907:or by decision of the
878:República de Venezuela
840:President of Venezuela
823:
716:Diplomatic missions of
133:; 24 years ago
113:; 24 years ago
93:; 24 years ago
75:; 24 years ago
49:
4522:Politics of Venezuela
4263:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3096:Bolivarian Revolution
2946:2000 general election
2891:Rodrigo Granda affair
2651:Bolivarian propaganda
2565:Bolivarian Revolution
2384:Early life and career
2132:People's Weekly World
1914:. It was proposed by
1794:Bolivarian Revolution
1714:Liberating Revolution
1600:Province of Venezuela
1405:Changes to businesses
1395:
1383:
1375:
1316:Defensoría del Pueblo
1225:(defensor del pueblo)
930:presidential election
306:Politics of Venezuela
131:20 December 1999
111:19 December 1999
91:15 December 1999
73:17 November 1999
3749:Agreement for Change
3688:For Social Democracy
3664:Great Patriotic Pole
3529:Torture in Venezuela
3498:World Heritage Sites
3473:Environmental issues
3184:Coup attempt of 2002
2886:Daktari Ranch affair
2494:Coup attempt of 2002
2401:Coup attempt of 1992
2174:Also, McGirk, Tim. (
1906:Francisco de Miranda
1849:Venezuela portal
1729:Oil industry history
1535:Pre-Columbian period
1373:Constitution reads:
1189:separation of powers
1093:improve this article
836:constituent assembly
769:Venezuela portal
475:since 5 January 2021
156:Government structure
4440:U.S. Virgin Islands
4283:Trinidad and Tobago
4128:Antigua and Barbuda
3935:List of Venezuelans
3758:Progressive Advance
3546:Crisis in Venezuela
3300:War of Independence
3024:Bolivarian missions
2560:Bolivarian missions
2326:amended as of 1983
2256:on 12 November 2010
2192:Text of Article 136
2180:"Hugo Chávez Frías"
1832:Crisis in Venezuela
1693:Legalist Revolution
1663:1848–1849 civil war
1625:War of Independence
1306:The Public Defender
1292:Chamber of Deputies
1240:(contralor general)
901:national parliament
851:Carlos Andrés Pérez
127:Date effective
4193:Dominican Republic
3925:Indigenous peoples
3859:Telecommunications
3456:metropolitan areas
3019:Bolivarian Circles
2918:Operation Emmanuel
2555:Bolivarian Circles
2216:on 18 January 2005
2158:The New York Times
2145:The New York Times
2061:Constitutional law
1898:Juan Germán Roscio
1822:2007 RCTV protests
1734:Generation of 1928
1481:Juan Germán Roscio
983:The New York Times
389:Capital punishment
4507:1999 in Venezuela
4484:
4483:
4078:
4077:
4038:
4037:
3877:
3876:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3733:Democratic Action
3598:National Assembly
3578:Foreign relations
3506:
3505:
3428:
3427:
3295:Captaincy General
3232:
3231:
3151:Bank of the South
3002:Domestic policies
2824:Plan Bolívar 2000
2765:
2764:
2613:Bank of the South
2585:Plan Bolívar 2000
2448:1999 Constitution
2324:1961 Constitution
2160:, 27 August 2009.
1894:Cristóbal Mendoza
1883:
1882:
1807:2002 coup attempt
1747:Democratic period
1610:Captaincy General
1467:Cristóbal Mendoza
1328:constitutionalism
1288:National Assembly
1248:unicameral system
1175:Name of the state
1169:
1168:
1161:
1143:
1051:Evgeny Pashukanis
935:1992 coup attempt
920:Conceptualization
905:recall referendum
812:
811:
738:Visa requirements
688:Foreign relations
570:Recent elections
566:Political parties
507:Federal divisions
456:National Assembly
299:
298:
232:First legislature
222:Electoral college
16:(Redirected from
4529:
4405:Saint Barthélemy
4365:Falkland Islands
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3355:1958 coup d'état
3350:El Trienio Adeco
3283:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3236:
2874:Yare prison riot
2792:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2754:
2753:
2742:Nicolás Maduro →
2735:← Rafael Caldera
2716:Venezuelanalysis
2671:El pueblo soy yo
2487:Political events
2428:
2423:
2357:
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2343:
2334:
2329:
2299:
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2261:
2252:. Archived from
2246:
2240:
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2225:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2209:. Archived from
2208:
2200:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2178:, 27 Dec 1999).
2167:
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1868:
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1845:
1739:El Trienio Adeco
1719:1902–03 blockade
1683:April Revolution
1668:March Revolution
1577:
1563:
1522:
1512:
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1419:small businesses
1282:Congress into a
1244:bicameral system
1236:(fiscal general)
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3662:
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3583:Law enforcement
3502:
3493:Natural Regions
3424:
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3137:
3111:Economic policy
3079:Vuelta al Campo
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2580:Economic policy
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2396:Military career
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2204:"Archived copy"
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2147:, 26 July 1999.
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1702:Andean Hegemony
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1442:– abolition of
1427:
1407:
1390:right to health
1345:
1336:
1312:Public Defender
1308:
1276:
1256:
1213:poder ciudadano
1206:poder electoral
1185:
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966:Polo Patriotico
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779:
775:Other countries
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728:Nationality law
724:
712:
701:Felix Plasencia
690:
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640:
623:
606:
595:Parliamentary:
589:
561:
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509:
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498:
489:
481:
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473:Jorge Rodríguez
466:Dinorah Figuera
460:
451:
443:
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431:Delcy Rodríguez
404:
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243:First executive
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4420:Sint Eustatius
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4355:Cayman Islands
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4000:
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3993:Miss Venezuela
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3854:Stock Exchange
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3738:Come Venezuela
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3620:Vice President
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3488:National parks
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3392:
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3385:Vargas tragedy
3382:
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3360:Puntofijo Pact
3357:
3352:
3347:
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3340:1902–03 crisis
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3143:Foreign policy
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2829:Vargas tragedy
2826:
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2708:
2703:
2700:¿¡Revolución!?
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2645:Aló Presidente
2640:
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2605:Foreign policy
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2513:2007 protests
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2306:External links
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2156:Larry Rohter,
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1802:Vargas tragedy
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1149:September 2024
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1019:Main article:
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957:Main article:
954:
951:
921:
918:
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913:
890:tertiary level
847:Luis Miquilena
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539:Municipalities
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471:Disputed with
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426:Vice President
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419:Nicolás Maduro
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4288:United States
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3365:El Carupanazo
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3309:reunification
3306:
3305:Gran Colombia
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3009:Boliburguesía
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2683:Mi amigo Hugo
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1916:Simón Bolívar
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1367:privatization
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1110: –
1109:
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1104:Find sources:
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1087:
1082:This section
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1039:Simón Bolívar
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863:Bolivarianism
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859:Simón Bolívar
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529:Constitutions
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60:Jurisdiction
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4395:Puerto Rico
4322:territories
4268:Saint Lucia
4203:El Salvador
3920:Immigration
3807:Agriculture
3468:Earthquakes
3330:1895 crisis
3320:Federal War
3290:New Granada
3161:Petrocaribe
3034:Guaicaipuro
2961:Tascón List
2839:Tascón List
2834:Decree 1011
2803:Hugo Chávez
2628:Petrocaribe
2378:(1999–2013)
2364:Hugo Chávez
2250:"Title Iii"
1673:Federal War
1650:Caudillismo
1509:History of
1444:term limits
1353:Hugo Chávez
1343:Health care
1055:sovereignty
926:Hugo Chávez
897:impeachment
843:Hugo Chávez
743:Visa policy
646:Municipal:
450:Legislature
384:Nationality
362:LGBT rights
261:Signatories
4491:Categories
4390:Montserrat
4385:Martinique
4380:Guadeloupe
4178:Costa Rica
3983:Literature
3915:Healthcare
3415:Civil wars
3220:Referendum
3170:Opposition
3123:Snitch Law
3106:Colectivos
3029:Florentino
2799:Presidency
2575:Colectivos
2522:Referendum
2435:Presidency
2391:Early life
2260:8 November
2220:3 December
2072:References
1765:Carupanazo
1527:Chronology
1425:Amendments
1398:Article 85
1386:Article 84
1378:Article 83
1371:Bolivarian
1284:unicameral
1119:newspapers
1043:José Martí
924:President
870:referendum
699:Minister:
629:Regional:
294:Wikisource
269:Supersedes
216:Federation
212:Federalism
138:1999-12-20
118:1999-12-19
98:1999-12-15
80:1999-11-17
4463:Caribbean
4375:Greenland
4298:Venezuela
4243:Nicaragua
4213:Guatemala
4133:Argentina
4118:Sovereign
3950:Squatting
3930:Languages
3910:Education
3869:Transport
3817:Companies
3728:A New Era
3610:President
3603:President
3573:Elections
3434:Geography
3266:Venezuela
3198:Protests
3044:Identidad
2938:Elections
1770:Porteñazo
1755:1958 coup
1724:1908 coup
1593:New Spain
1550:1830–1908
1540:1522–1821
1511:Venezuela
1320:ombudsman
1280:bicameral
1229:ombudsman
855:chavistas
832:Venezuela
559:Elections
524:Governors
488:Judiciary
462:President
409:President
403:Executive
279:Full text
200:Judiciary
189:President
184:Executive
88:Presented
4330:Anguilla
4278:Suriname
4253:Paraguay
4228:Honduras
4188:Dominica
4173:Colombia
4143:Barbados
4065:Category
4003:Religion
3945:Refugees
3905:Diaspora
3812:Currency
3693:Tupamaro
3637:In exile
3593:Missions
3588:Military
3512:Politics
3375:Caracazo
3270:articles
3101:Chavismo
3069:Robinson
2756:Category
2570:Chavismo
2230:cite web
2055:See also
1775:Caracazo
1500:a series
1498:Part of
733:Passport
374:Abortion
172:Chambers
162:Branches
107:Ratified
40:Overview
4360:Curaçao
4345:Bonaire
4340:Bermuda
4293:Uruguay
4233:Jamaica
4208:Grenada
4198:Ecuador
4153:Bolivia
4138:Bahamas
4049:Outline
4013:Symbols
3978:Cuisine
3965:Culture
3883:Society
3864:Tourism
3795:Economy
3654:Parties
3625:Cabinet
3556:Regions
3463:Climate
3446:Borders
3278:History
3054:Miranda
3039:Habitat
2849:teleSUR
2706:teleSUR
2170:El Pais
1902:Caracas
1576:present
1569:1953–99
1561:1948–58
1555:1908–58
1545:1821–30
1133:scholar
915:Origins
820:Spanish
514:Regions
438:Cabinet
136: (
116: (
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70:Created
4248:Panama
4238:Mexico
4218:Guyana
4163:Canada
4158:Brazil
4148:Belize
4120:states
4070:Portal
4018:anthem
3973:Cinema
3839:Energy
3561:States
3451:Cities
3400:Crisis
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3089:Zamora
3049:Mercal
2811:Tenure
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519:States
379:Labour
147:System
4335:Aruba
4223:Haiti
4168:Chile
4056:Index
4008:Sport
3998:Music
3988:Media
3955:Women
3895:Crime
3822:PDVSA
3768:COPEI
3483:Flora
3478:Fauna
3211:2007
3074:Sucre
3064:Ribas
2637:Image
2320:(PDF)
2214:(PDF)
2207:(PDF)
1574:1999–
1246:to a
1140:JSTOR
1126:books
1009:COPEI
4400:Saba
4320:and
4258:Peru
4183:Cuba
4028:flag
3615:List
3539:LGBT
3215:RCTV
3207:2004
3202:2002
3059:Piar
2517:RCTV
2373:45th
2293:ISBN
2262:2005
2236:link
2222:2004
2176:Time
2090:ISBN
1896:and
1112:news
1007:and
861:and
849:and
814:The
705:list
670:2017
665:2009
653:2018
648:2017
636:2021
631:2017
619:2017
614:1999
602:2020
597:2015
584:2024
578:2018
413:list
256:2009
247:2000
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