373:
Special Board on Naval
Ordnance for October 17 to consider and submit a plan for the development and test of a machine gun of 1" or greater. As a result of this and successive meetings, the decision was made to develop a 1.1" machine gun. On December 13, 1928, Mr. C.F. Jeansen, a Bureau Engineer, began an investigation of the weight of ammunition for the gun and in March 1929 Mr. Burk and Mr. Chadwick, likewise Bureau Engineers, were designated to design the gun mechanism. The round as finally adopted weighed 2 pounds and employed a .92 pound percussion-fuzed projectile. The design of the gun mechanism was completed in 1930 and tests on the initial models were carried out in March, April and May 1931. The tests, which demonstrated a cyclic rate of 90 r.p.m., were characterized by primer blow backs, misfires, and stuck cases—as well as magazine and cradle difficulties. During the next two years, designers corrected these faults and the cyclic rate increased to 140. The design was turned over to the Naval Gun Factory for production in 1934. It is interesting to note that work on the gun was financed not from regular Navy appropriations but from funds supplied through the
386:
criticism. While the longer range antiaircraft gun field was taken care of, except for insufficient numbers, the situation was far from satisfactory in the short range category. Neither the .50 caliber machine gun, effective enough in plane-to-plane fire at pointblank range, nor the 1.1" which the Bureau developed in quadruple mounts in the 1930s, were competent to meet the menace of the Second World War plane. The 1.1", too heavy to serve as a "last-ditch" free mount and too light to span the gap between the small machine guns and the 5-inch guns, even had all its "bugs" been eliminated. The lack of adequate short range antiaircraft guns together with insufficient quantities of the best guns then available created a situation which by 1940 could hardly be termed anything but critical.
391:
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whenever possible, but served until the end of the war on some ships. A twin Bofors gun was about the same weight, and was a much more powerful gun. The air-cooled
Oerlikon had similar effective range and rate of fire with considerably less weight. The Oerlikon could not sustain fire for as long as
372:
The 1.1 gun was designed as a weapon to be used against dive and horizontal bombers and as such supplement the defensive characteristics of the caliber .50 machine gun. The first definite action in this direction took place on
October 11, 1928, when the Chief of the Bureau announced a meeting of a
433:
and the fifth was a spare. To the surprise of most at Cavite, the one spare left on the dock survived the
Japanese bombing. Since the mount was too heavy for the few harbor patrol vessels still stationed in Manila Bay, the fifth spare mount was put on a barge, along with 25,000 rounds of 1.1–inch
385:
In recognition of the growing necessity for antiaircraft fire, the more or less continuous Bureau experimentation with double-purpose guns during the 1920s finally culminated in the early 1930s in the development of the 5"/38 DP gun, which fulfilled its mission throughout the war with very little
334:
The gun was very unpopular with its crews; it was said that due to its tendency to jam, the only way to fire one was to position a gunner's mate on his back underneath the mount, equipped with an assortment of wrenches and hammers to clear them. It was replaced by the
441:
Some online articles referring to this "donated to the Army" mount exist. One states the guns were installed in a special concrete mount and used successfully against
Japanese airplanes until destroyed by gunfire.
364:(BuOrd) had decided the M2 Browning was inadequate for future anti-aircraft duties, and modified Hudson's design for a new, high-velocity 1.1 inches (28 mm) cartridge. The water-cooled prototype was tested at
316:. Nearly a thousand guns had been produced before production shifted to more reliable shipboard anti-aircraft machine guns in 1942. Quantities were minimal; one mount for a destroyer, two mounts for pre-1930s
381:
Development proved difficult and the gun was not able to achieve its design goals in terms of accuracy and reliability and when finally available in quantity it was no longer deemed acceptable:
1180:
1190:
1170:
422:
Before the
Japanese struck Pearl Harbor on 7 December, five 1.1–inch quad mounts had been sent to the Cavite Navy Yard, in the Philippines, for fitting to the cruiser
365:
757:
449:. There are no records of which planes might have been hit by the large number of 1.1–inch rounds fired, but numerous accounts exist of damage caused by the
1185:
1175:
730:
669:
352:
The gun was based on patents of
Richmond, Virginia, inventor Robert Hudson, who used a complicated gas-recoil operating system adapted to
1165:
1053:
750:
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999:
340:
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but it was on loan from the Navy and was returned to the Navy at an unknown date. The location of that mount is now unknown.
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Though the guns were starting to be replaced by 1942, it served to the end of World War II on some ships such as
344:
the water-cooled 1.1–inch, but six
Oerlikons could be installed for the weight of a single 1.1–inch quad mount.
1160:
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projectiles missing their targets and exploding like hand grenades when they returned to earth.
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in the 1990s, and may still remain there. One quad mount was in storage with the battleship
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of 75 (1.1 inches Ă— 75 = 82.5 in (2.1 m)). The gun was designed to replace the
438:. There is no further record of what happened to the 1.1–inch mount sent to Corregidor.
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Quadruple-mount 1.1-inch (28 mm) anti-aircraft cannon aboard the battleship
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has a 1.1–inch quad mount on its grounds. One quad mount was at the
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A restored 1.1–inch quad mount is installed on the museum ship
286:
and four barrels were required to duplicate the rate of fire.
289:
The first shipboard installation, in 1939, was nicknamed the
626:(New York: The John Day Company), 1967. ASIN: B000K6FXAG.
327:
and newer battleships. On at least some ships they were
638:, USN Bureau of Ordnance, Gun and Mounts, Chapter IV.
434:
ammunition, taken to
Corregidor and "donated" to the
697:
Gibbs, Jay (2004). "Question 24/02 USN 1.1-in Gun".
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636:United States Naval Administration in World War II
570:Schreier, Konrad F. (1994). "The Chicago Piano".
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366:Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division
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660:Gordon, John. "Waiting for the Main Attack",
649:U. S. NAVY BUREAU OF ORDNANCE IN WORLD WAR II
8:
1181:World War II artillery of the United States
429:of the Asiatic Fleet. Four were mounted on
180:28 x 199mmSR 0.917 lb (0.416 kg)
1191:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
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40:
29:
337:20 mm (0.79 in) Oerlikon cannon
296:By 1941, these guns had been mounted on
1171:Anti-aircraft guns of the United States
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513:
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502:List of artillery of the United States
622:Frank, Pat & Harrington, Joseph.
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467:and another is on the hangar deck of
7:
445:The gun first saw action during the
153:82.5 in (2.10 m) bore (75
606:"1.1"/75 (28 mm) Mark 1 and Mark 2"
341:40 mm (1.6 in) Bofors gun
25:
725:1.1"/75 (28 mm) Mark 1 and Mark 2
593:1.1"/75 (28 mm) Mark 1 and Mark 2
800:16"/45 caliber Mark 1, 5 & 8
375:National Industrial Recovery Act
278:of 1.1 in (28 mm) and
1186:World War II anti-aircraft guns
1176:Naval guns of the United States
651:, USN Bureau of Ordnance, p220.
274:. The name means that it had a
766:American naval weapons of the
475:Freedom Park (Omaha, Nebraska)
249:Maximum firing range
244:2,700 ft/s (820 m/s)
134:10,500 lb (4,800 kg)
115:
1:
1135:Mark 37 Fire Control Computer
731:BB North Carolina Scuttlebutt
682:"The Moore Report" Annex F 24
580:United States Naval Institute
1130:Mark 8 Fire Control Computer
1125:Mark I Fire Control Computer
1117:Ship gun fire-control system
252:7,000 yd (6,400 m)
142:119.6 in (3.04 m)
1207:
497:List of anti-aircraft guns
394:1.1" mounts firing aboard
664:, Naval Institute Press,
169:
69:Place of origin
39:
1166:Naval anti-aircraft guns
1036:.50 caliber machine gun
18:1.1 inch (28 mm)/75 gun
1084:Anti-submarine weapons
662:Fighting For MacArthur
473:. The museum and park
447:attack on Pearl Harbor
419:
403:
388:
379:
320:, and four mounts for
230:Rate of fire
204:3.25-inch (83 mm)
34:1.1" / 75 Caliber Gun
1140:Torpedo Data Computer
977:Anti-aircraft weapons
885:5"/54 caliber Mark 16
859:12"/50 caliber Mark 8
849:6"/47 caliber Mark 16
820:18"/47 caliber Mark A
815:16"/50 caliber Mark 7
810:16"/45 caliber Mark 6
805:16"/50 caliber Mark 2
785:12"/50 caliber Mark 7
699:Warship International
409:
393:
234:150 rounds per minute
194:1.1-inch (28 mm)
624:Rendezvous at Midway
479:Washington Navy Yard
240:Muzzle velocity
260:1.1"/75 caliber gun
53:during World War II
918:QF 4 inch Mark XIX
868:Secondary armament
647:Rowland and Boyd,
420:
410:1.1" mount aboard
404:
362:Bureau of Ordnance
354:.30-06 Springfield
272:United States Navy
214:-15 to 110 degrees
102:Production history
86:United States Navy
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1147:
670:978-1-61251-057-6
310:aircraft carriers
256:
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63:Anti-aircraft gun
27:Anti-aircraft gun
16:(Redirected from
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899:destroyer escort
768:Second World War
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795:14"/50 caliber
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719:External links
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705:(3): 247–248.
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280:barrel caliber
270:, used by the
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1020:5"/38 caliber
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1015:5"/25 caliber
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1010:3"/50 caliber
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1005:3"/23 caliber
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967:6"/53 caliber
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962:5"/51 caliber
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957:5"/25 caliber
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952:4"/50 caliber
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947:3"/50 caliber
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928:5"/38 caliber
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923:4"/50 caliber
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913:3"/50 caliber
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880:5"/51 caliber
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875:5"/38 caliber
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854:8"/55 caliber
852:
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844:6"/53 caliber
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839:5"/38 caliber
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832:main armament
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291:Chicago Piano
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1000:40 mm Bofors
995:QF 1-pounder
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268:World War II
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150: length
96:World War II
82:Used by
50:Pennsylvania
49:
1074:21" Mark 18
1069:21" Mark 15
1064:21" Mark 14
1059:21" Mark 10
402:, May 1942.
318:battleships
312:, and some
306:battleships
284:M2 Browning
224:360 degrees
118: built
1155:Categories
1054:21" Mark 8
536:References
414:Enterprise
298:destroyers
266:weapon of
182:contact HE
1097:Mousetrap
1046:Torpedoes
938:Submarine
895:Destroyer
711:0043-0374
522:USS
457:Preserved
424:USS
412:USS
396:USS
368:in 1934:
210:Elevation
110:1938–1942
48:USS
1092:Hedgehog
906:armament
727:NavWeaps
610:NavWeaps
595:NavWeaps
582:: 44–46.
524:Yorktown
491:See also
470:Yorktown
329:director
302:cruisers
220:Traverse
155:calibers
107:Produced
830:Cruiser
672:, p. 67
436:US Army
431:Houston
426:Houston
418:, 1942.
358:.50 BMG
348:History
339:or the
190:Caliber
709:
668:
398:Hornet
325:–class
200:Recoil
148:Barrel
139:Length
1107:K-gun
1102:Y-gun
578:(4).
508:Notes
484:Texas
176:Shell
121:~1000
940:guns
902:and
707:ISSN
666:ISBN
356:and
258:The
162:Crew
131:Mass
92:Wars
59:Type
703:XLI
116:No.
1157::
897:,
701:.
608:.
574:.
544:^
308:,
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300:,
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165:15
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752:t
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20:)
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