228:
427:
1027:
443:
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419:
30:
756:
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890:
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indicates that Santa Clara is the oldest of the islands (at 5.8 million years), followed by
Robinson Crusoe (3.8–4.2 million years) and Alexander Selkirk (1.0–2.4 million years). Robinson Crusoe is the largest of the islands at 93 square kilometres (36 sq mi), and its highest
1133:
Although the most powerful six quakes recorded were clustered in two time periods (a 12-year span from 1952 to 1964 and a seven-year span from 2004 to 2011), this is considered a statistical anomaly. The phenomenon of comparably-large quakes on the same (or neighboring) faults within months of each
870:
peak (El Yunque) is 916 metres (3,005 ft) high. Alexander
Selkirk covers 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi), and its highest peak is Los Innocentes at 1,319 metres (4,327 ft). Santa Clara covers 2.2 square kilometres (540 acres), reaching an elevation of 350 metres (1,150 ft).
1092:
Major earthquakes in Chile occur in a small number of source areas. Those affecting coastal regions are generally aligned offshore from
ConcepciĂłn southward, with the major epicenters producing a predictable pattern of seismic and tsunami effects. The first systematic seismological recordings in
195:
The three primary morphological features derived from the Andes are the Andes
Mountains proper, the Chilean Coast Range and the Chilean Central Valley, also known as the Intermediate Depression and the Longitudinal Valley. The mountains run parallel in a north-south direction from
1177:
Araneda, Alberto; TorrejĂłn, Fernando; Aguayo, Mauricio; Torres, Laura; Cruces, Fabiola; Cisternas, Marco; Urrutia, Roberto (November 2007). "Historical records of San Rafael glacier advances (North
Patagonian Icefield): another clue to 'Little Ice Age' timing in southern Chile?".
617:
Existence of weaknesses in the Earth's crust prior to tectonic shortening. Such weaknesses would cause the partition of tectonic deformation and uplift into eastern and western cordillera, leaving the necessary space for the formation of the
Altiplano
998:. Geotermia del PaĂcifco's studies indicated that two geothermal fields near CuracautĂn could be used for energy production, with a combined capacity to supply 36,000 homes in 2010. One area to be developed is located near the
1112:
8 or more are associated with subsidence and drowning of the
Chilean coast, except peninsulas and offshore islands. Magnitude 7 to 8 earthquakes with a source area near an internal boundary of the Earth known as the
835:. Pukao, Moai and Easter Island were formed during the last 750,000 years, with the last eruption a little over 100,000 years ago. These are the youngest mountains of the Sala y GĂłmez Ridge, which was formed by the
408:
624:
Climate controlled the spatial distribution of erosion and sediment deposition, creating the lubrication along the Nazca Plate subduction and hence influencing the transmission of tectonic forces into South
1415:
El
Complejo MetamĂłrfico BahĂa Mansa en la cordillera de la Costa del centro-sur de Chile (39°30'-42°00'S): geocronologĂa K-Ar, 40Ar/39Ar y U-Pb e implicancias en la evoluciĂłn del margen sur-occidental de
819:, form the comminuted apex of a large volcanic mountain rising over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) from the seabed. It is part of the Sala y GĂłmez Ridge, a mostly-submarine mountain range with dozens of
2473:
628:
Climate also determined the formation of internal drainage (endorheism) and sediment trapping within the Andes, potentially blocking tectonic deformation in the area between the two cordilleras.
539:. Floral affinities among these now-distant landmasses date from the Gondwanaland period. South America separated from Antarctica and Australia 27 million years ago with the development of the
3276:
1231:
2610:
293:
The
Intermediate Depression, a series of faults running north to south, separates the Andes from the Coast Range with a steady decrease in altitude as the latitude increases. In
747:
visited the area in 1898, noting that the glacier now penetrated far into the lagoon. As of 2001, the glacier has retreated behind its 1675 border due to climate change.
2206:
613:, with several mechanisms proposed; all attempt to explain why the topography of the Andes incorporates a large area of low relief at high altitude (high plateau):
1134:
other may be explained by geological mechanisms, but this does not fully demonstrate a relationship between events separated by longer periods and greater distances
2489:
2186:
3163:
2660:
680:, part of the Chilean Coast Range, became an island. South of Chacao Channel, Chile's coast is split by fjords, islands and channels; these glaciers created
793:) form the eastern and southern headlands, giving the island its triangular shape. There are numerous lesser cones and other volcanic features: the crater
1480:
2196:
1294:
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Although geology-focused tourism is rare, there are some sites in which the local geology is a major attraction (for example, the copper mine at
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227:
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1453:
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96:, Chile definitely separated from Antarctica, and the Andes experienced a significant rise accompanied by a cooling climate and the onset of
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3017:
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2146:
2098:
318:
3156:
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2003:
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The
Petrogenetic Evolution of Lavas from Easter Island and Neighbouring Seamounts, Near-ridge Hotspot Volcanoes in the SE Pacific
162:
activity, and the water required to form those deposits derived from the subducted slab of the oceanic crust beneath the Andes.
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3116:
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2625:
2605:
2516:
2497:
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are frequent occurrences. The subduction zone along Chile's coast has produced the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, the
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1114:
2818:
2181:
1473:
431:
1060:
3304:
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2600:
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975:
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2008:
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did not reach far into the lagoon. In 1766 another expedition noticed that the glacier did reach the lagoon and had
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2013:
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hot springs, and the other is in RĂo Blanco Springs. Another area under consideration for geothermal production is
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1935:
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1153:
969:
850:
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143:. Northern Chilean mineral resources are a major economic resource, and the country is the leading producer of
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2118:
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1930:
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1736:
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1118:
376:
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2018:
1900:
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547:, south of the Scotia Plate, which appear to be a continuation of the Andes. In the extreme south, the
260:
1988:
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3188:
2985:
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2056:
1978:
1945:
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1616:
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1340:
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255:) reaches a height of 6,893 metres (22,615 ft). Below 42 degrees south, the Andes split into a
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2813:
2725:
2710:
2406:
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1950:
1711:
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933:
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785:, at an altitude of 507 metres (1,663 ft), forms the bulk of the island. Two other volcanoes (
669:
544:
479:
364:
358:
116:
81:
65:
329:). In central and southern Chile (33°–42° south), the landscape is partially covered with glacial
3238:
3213:
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3060:
3012:
2990:
2975:
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2743:
2720:
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1998:
1920:
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1631:
1503:
1213:
1148:
866:
732:
708:
685:
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306:
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204:, making up most of Chile's land surface. South of Taitao, only the Andes Mountains are present.
190:
124:
2287:
1621:
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are known to result in uplift of the coast. Earthquakes near the Moho may account for permanent
1331:
Melnick, Daniel (2016). "Rise of the central Andean coast by earthquakes straddling the Moho".
442:
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1993:
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reserves, and is the largest producer and exporter of the metal. Notable copper mines include
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85:
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are estimated to be the third-largest in the world. Most of Chile's mineral resources are in
831:
are two seamounts west of Easter Island, extending 2,700 km (1,700 mi) east to the
684:
at the edges of the Patagonian lakes, changing their outlets to the Pacific and shifting the
486:
were initially formed by sediment in the proto-Pacific Ocean, and later metamorphosed in the
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3032:
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2640:
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1960:
1940:
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1819:
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1746:
1636:
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1203:
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are among the most lethal volcanic hazards in Chile; a lahar destroyed the original site of
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Magmatic processes rooted in the asthenosphere might have contributed to uplift the plateau.
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1983:
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543:. Across the 1,000-kilometre (620 mi)-wide Drake Passage lie the mountains of the
509:
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89:
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236:
715:. The first documented visit to the area was made in 1675 by the Spanish explorer
418:
131:. Almost the entire country is subject to earthquakes arising from strains in the
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1371:
1075:
937:
858:
836:
798:
794:
736:
216:
132:
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29:
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1814:
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Since 2000, geothermal exploration and concessions have been regulated by the
929:
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641:
638:
563:
520:
435:
396:
152:
97:
53:
45:
1199:
309:, the depression disappears briefly before reappearing in a narrow valley at
275:
it is at 1,200 metres (3,900 ft), and 900 metres (3,000 ft) in the
2070:
1955:
1776:
1508:
1070:
produced several landslides along the Fjords Mountains, spawning a tsunami.
957:
909:
728:
693:
653:
603:
524:
475:
338:
330:
313:. From the narrows southward the valley widens until it is interrupted near
268:
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211:
is the boundary between the South American and Nazca Plates. At Taitao, the
69:
49:
3141:
1059:. Earthquakes are notorious for triggering volcanic eruptions, such as the
1433:
1066:
Landslides occur frequently in the Andes, most following earthquakes. The
889:
2995:
2028:
1970:
1868:
1564:
1513:
999:
820:
812:
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790:
782:
764:
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536:
532:
505:
483:
467:
392:
326:
314:
240:
93:
77:
73:
1290:"Major earthquakes and tsunamis in Chile during the period 1535 to 1955"
1230:
Haase, Karsten & Stoffers, P & Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter. (1997).
1208:
1573:
1523:
1289:
921:
847:
681:
606:
591:
512:
487:
411:
148:
128:
61:
57:
1352:
901:
583:
516:
471:
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33:
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glaciers extended into the Pacific Ocean at 42° south, dividing the
1458:
2365:
1071:
1025:
987:
888:
786:
754:
657:
528:
441:
425:
417:
406:
256:
226:
108:
28:
2334:
986:). The Chilean company Geotermia del PacĂfico, with support from
566:, the Andes began to assume their present form by the uplifting,
562:
The formation of the Andes began during the Jurassic. During the
941:
913:
767:
760:
460:
297:
the Intermediate Depression is partially covered by a series of
3145:
2338:
1462:
1125:
that accumulates into a long-term net uplift of the continent.
861:. The islands were carried eastward as the plate subducted the
594:, resulting in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to this day.
251:. At a south latitude of 27 degrees, Chile's highest mountain (
177:
islands in the eastward-moving Nazca plate. The geology of the
945:
912:. Chile accounts for five percent of the Western Hemisphere's
531:
were near Chile. When Pangaea began to split apart during the
72:
when Chile was the southwestern margin of the supercontinent
1100:
Earthquakes in northern Chile are known to have caused both
843:. Only on Easter Island is the Sala y GĂłmez Ridge dry land.
367:
runs southward along the coast (parallel to the Andes) from
535:
period, South America and the adjacent land masses formed
1386:"The mega-quake connection: Are huge earthquakes linked?"
956:, in the Magallanes Region, has the world's southernmost
731:
for which the river is named. De Vea also wrote that the
644:
left visible marks in most parts of Chile, particularly
508:
Period about 250 million years ago Chile was part of the
1030:
Map of ValparaĂso after the earthquake of 16 August 1906
590:
along the west coast of South America continue to their
1367:"Sumatra, Japan, Chile: Are Earthquakes Getting Worse?"
181:
has various commonalities with that of mainland Chile.
1454:
Tectonical development of Chile and the southern Andes
207:
North of the Taitao Peninsula, the Peru–Chile Trench
80:, Gondwana began to split, and the ongoing period of
811:
Easter Island and its surrounding islets, including
515:, which concentrated the world's major land masses.
3252:
3179:
3031:
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2868:
2831:
2801:
2734:
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2572:
2509:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2215:
2137:
2091:
2069:
2027:
1969:
1876:
1867:
1775:
1572:
1563:
1552:
1496:
916:production, of which 41 percent is a by-product of
155:. Most of these mineral deposits were created from
920:. The country holds the largest world reserves of
707:It has been suggested that from 1675 to 1850 the
231:The Andes are generally higher in northern Chile.
1234:. Journal of Petrology - J PETROL. 38. 785–813.
727:("Ice Floe River") without mentioning the many
422:View of the Altiplano plateau in northern Chile
337:(south of 42° south) the depression dips below
1063:. Chilean earthquakes have produced tsunamis.
3157:
2350:
1474:
263:at 4,058 metres (13,314 ft) at north of
103:The subduction interactions shaped four main
8:
3278:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1271:"Chile Could Have Geothermal Energy By 2010"
1035:Area of the city most affected by earthquake
341:, appearing occasionally in islands such as
321:(part of the Coast Range), then widening at
123:off the coast. Since Chile is on an active
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3142:
2958:
2874:
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2578:
2391:
2382:
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2343:
2335:
1873:
1569:
1560:
1481:
1467:
1459:
478:, many examples of which are found in the
391:, was separated from the Andes during the
44:is a characterized by processes linked to
1207:
1420:Moreno, Teresa and Wes Gibbons. (2006).
984:Ley de Concesiones de EnergĂa GeotĂ©rmica
1295:International Journal of Earth Sciences
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1169:
1108:of the continent. Large earthquakes of
781:consisting of three extinct volcanoes:
692:which covered large parts of Chile and
482:of south-central Chile. The schists of
1424:London: Geological Society of London.
857:in the Earth's mantle penetrating the
259:landscape and the highest mountain is
7:
2611:Fjords, channels, sounds and straits
1438:Zeil, W. (1964). Geologie von Chile.
1408:Fundamentos de la geologĂa de Chile
804:and many volcanic caves (including
952:, are sufficient for local needs.
219:subduct the South American Plate.
25:
1040:City blocks most damaged by fire
763:on Easter island are carved from
664:and u-shaped valleys. During the
2563:
2318:
2305:
490:wedge of the Peru–Chile Trench.
434:have been heavily eroded by the
399:of the Intermediate Depression.
1410:, Instituto Geográfico Militar.
1258:U.S. Geological Survey (2005).
1097:devastated Valparaiso in 1906.
319:BahĂa Mansa Metamorphic Complex
239:the mountains form a series of
900:Chile has the world's largest
702:Southern Patagonian Ice Fields
459:The oldest rocks in Chile are
432:Torres del Paine National Park
301:, and has the world's largest
1:
990:, is exploring a location in
976:Law of Geothermal Concessions
265:Northern Patagonian Ice Field
2793:Comptroller General of Chile
1088:List of earthquakes in Chile
1068:2007 Aysén Fjord earthquakes
586:. Tectonic forces along the
267:. As the mountains ebb, the
3310:Coasts of the Pacific Ocean
3018:Water supply and sanitation
1298:, Vol. 59, No. 3; abstract.
1061:1960 CordĂłn Caulle eruption
500:Antarctic Floristic Kingdom
179:Chilean Antarctic Territory
3331:
1240:10.1093/petrology/38.6.785
1159:List of volcanoes in Chile
1085:
967:
948:reserves, in the southern
882:
497:
356:
345:. Its southern end is the
286:
188:
171:Juan Fernández Archipelago
3173:Geology of South America
3103:
2961:
2877:
2691:
2687:
2581:
2561:
2301:
2283:Reigolil-Pirihueico Fault
1154:List of glaciers of Chile
970:Geothermal power in Chile
672:and creating what is now
2268:Magallanes-Fagnano Fault
2004:Nacientes del BiobĂo Fm.
1307:Moreno, Teresa. (2006).
1200:10.1177/0959683607082414
1057:1960 Valdivia earthquake
549:Magallanes–Fagnano Fault
379:. The range, a combined
64:of Chile's geology were
18:2003 Coquimbo earthquake
2079:Llano de Chocolate Beds
1260:Minerals Yearbook 2005.
1121:of the western edge of
283:Intermediate Depression
185:General characteristics
113:Intermediate Depression
2273:Mocha-Villarrica Fault
2009:Nacientes del Teno Fm.
1406:BrĂĽggen, Juan (1950).
1095:an earthquake and fire
1041:
996:geothermal power plant
983:
928:, and its reserves of
897:
851:Juan Fernández Islands
771:
688:. The remnants of the
666:Santa MarĂa glaciation
609:was formed during the
451:
439:
423:
415:
289:Chilean Central Valley
232:
37:
2819:Investigations Police
2482:Presidential Republic
2458:Conservative Republic
2450:Republic Organization
2099:Coastal central Chile
1449:Geologic map of Chile
1422:The Geology of Chile.
1313:The Geology of Chile,
1053:mass ground movements
1029:
892:
758:
445:
429:
421:
410:
377:Chile Triple Junction
230:
213:Chile Triple Junction
32:
3305:Earthquakes in Chile
2788:Constitutional Court
2666:World Heritage Sites
2498:Democracy Transition
2228:BiobĂo-AluminĂ© Fault
2197:Quebrada del Carrizo
1612:Caleta Herradura Fm.
1413:Duhart, Paul et al.
1394:; UK; 16 March 2011.
1123:South American Plate
711:advanced during the
690:Patagonian Ice Sheet
414:separation animation
2856:Ministry of Defence
2315: •
2263:Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault
1936:Punta del Cobre Fm.
1886:Baños del Flaco Fm.
1722:Quebrada Macusa Fm.
1384:Brahic, Catherine;
1365:Pappas, Stephanie.
1345:2016NatGe...9..401M
1192:2007Holoc..17..987A
896:copper mine in 1984
670:Chilean Coast Range
545:Antarctic Peninsula
365:Chilean Coast Range
359:Chilean Coast Range
353:Chilean Coast Range
333:from the Andes. In
82:crustal deformation
36:volcano in eruption
2930:Telecommunications
2312:Geology portal
2037:Canto del Agua Fm.
1891:Cerro Colorado Fm.
1504:Arequipa-Antofalla
1149:Geography of Chile
1093:Chile began after
1049:volcanic eruptions
1042:
1022:Geological hazards
898:
867:Radiometric dating
853:were created by a
839:floating over the
772:
733:San Rafael Glacier
709:San Rafael Glacier
686:continental divide
452:
448:San Rafael Glacier
440:
424:
416:
389:accretionary wedge
261:Monte San Valentin
233:
191:Geography of Chile
141:strike-slip faults
125:continental margin
38:
3287:
3286:
3259:other territories
3139:
3138:
3099:
3098:
2948:
2947:
2864:
2863:
2827:
2826:
2716:Political parties
2706:Foreign relations
2696:National Congress
2674:
2673:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2474:Parliamentary Era
2418:Spanish Discovery
2332:
2331:
2172:Cordillera Darwin
2087:
2086:
2065:
2064:
2014:Pan de AzĂşcar Fm.
1863:
1862:
1795:Caleta Chonos Fm.
1742:Santo Domingo Fm.
1642:Cola de Zorro Fm.
1597:BahĂa Inglesa Fm.
1333:Nature Geoscience
964:Geothermal energy
950:Magallanes Region
926:potassium nitrate
918:copper extraction
721:San Rafael Lagoon
580:metamorphic rocks
450:from 1990 to 2000
430:The mountains at
303:potassium nitrate
121:Peru–Chile Trench
86:mountain building
16:(Redirected from
3322:
3300:Geology of Chile
3279:
3267:Falkland Islands
3181:Sovereign states
3166:
3159:
3152:
3143:
3119:
3112:
2959:
2915:
2875:
2689:
2685:
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2486:
2478:
2470:
2466:Liberal Republic
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2426:Spanish Conquest
2422:
2414:
2392:
2383:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2336:
2325:Chile portal
2323:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2309:
2243:El Arrayán Fault
2207:Tierra del Fuego
2124:South Patagonian
2114:North Patagonian
1874:
1607:Caleta Godoy Fm.
1570:
1561:
1490:Geology of Chile
1483:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1395:
1382:
1376:
1375:; 11 March 2011.
1363:
1357:
1356:
1353:10.1038/NGEO2683
1328:
1322:
1305:
1299:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1243:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1174:
1144:Climate of Chile
1039:
1034:
994:as a site for a
874:Economic geology
652:. These include
553:Tierra del Fuego
403:Geologic history
395:rise due to the
375:, ending at the
373:Taitao Peninsula
347:Isthmus of Ofqui
202:Taitao Peninsula
137:Antarctic Plates
105:morphostructures
42:geology of Chile
21:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3260:
3258:
3248:
3175:
3170:
3140:
3135:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3095:
3081:Public holidays
3046:Beauty pageants
3027:
2944:
2913:
2860:
2823:
2797:
2778:Law enforcement
2730:
2670:
2631:Natural regions
2568:
2551:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2490:Pinochet Regime
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2404:
2372:
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2333:
2328:
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2317:
2304:
2297:
2293:Valeriano Fault
2288:San RamĂłn Fault
2278:Pichilemu Fault
2211:
2192:Punta de Choros
2139:
2133:
2129:Vicuña Mackenna
2109:Futrono-Riñihue
2083:
2061:
2052:Santa Juana Fm.
2047:Panguipulli Fm.
2023:
1965:
1901:Chañarcillo Gp.
1859:
1805:Cura-MallĂn Gp.
1771:
1757:Trapa-Trapa Fm.
1652:Cura-MallĂn Gp.
1556:
1554:
1548:
1492:
1487:
1445:
1403:
1398:
1383:
1379:
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1131:
1090:
1084:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1012:
972:
966:
954:Guarello Island
887:
885:Mining in Chile
881:
876:
779:volcanic island
753:
751:Pacific islands
635:
600:
588:subduction zone
555:from the small
502:
496:
457:
446:Retreat of the
405:
361:
355:
291:
285:
271:lowers; in the
253:Ojos del Salado
245:Puna de Atacama
225:
209:subduction zone
193:
187:
62:building blocks
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3328:
3326:
3318:
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2920:Stock Exchange
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2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2626:National parks
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2606:Extreme points
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2562:
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2557:
2556:
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2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2501:(1990–Present)
2495:
2487:
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2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2398:
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2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Lanalhue Fault
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
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2199:
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2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Chacarilla Fm.
1975:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Quiriquina Fm.
1943:
1941:Purilactis Gp.
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Divisadero Gp.
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:Chacarilla Fm.
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1845:Pupunahue Beds
1842:
1840:Purilactis Gp.
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:La Cascada Fm.
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:San Pedro Beds
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Pupunahue Beds
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:La Portada Fm.
1674:
1672:La Montaña Fm.
1669:
1664:
1662:La Cascada Fm.
1659:
1657:Farellones Fm.
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Campanario Fm.
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
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1567:
1558:
1550:
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1471:
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1444:
1443:External links
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1434:OCLC 505173111
1418:
1411:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1377:
1358:
1339:(5): 401–408.
1323:
1300:
1286:Lomnitz, Cinna
1278:
1275:Santiago Times
1263:
1244:
1223:
1186:(7): 987–998.
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1129:Quake clusters
1127:
1086:Main article:
1083:
1080:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1008:
968:Main article:
965:
962:
880:
877:
875:
872:
863:South American
841:Easter hotspot
833:Nazca Seamount
752:
749:
719:, who entered
717:Antonio de Vea
713:Little Ice Age
674:Chacao Channel
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
622:
619:
599:
596:
510:supercontinent
495:
492:
484:southern Chile
456:
453:
404:
401:
369:Morro de Arica
357:Main article:
354:
351:
287:Main article:
284:
281:
224:
221:
198:Morro de Arica
186:
183:
127:, it has many
107:of Chile: the
92:began. In the
90:Andean orogeny
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3327:
3316:
3315:Seismic zones
3313:
3311:
3308:
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3298:
3297:
3295:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3272:French Guiana
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2802:Public safety
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2783:Supreme Court
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2249:
2248:Futrono Fault
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Domeyko Fault
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:Atacama Fault
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
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2180:
2178:
2177:Eastern Andes
2175:
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2163:
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Coihaique Gp.
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
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1968:
1962:
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1957:
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1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1909:
1907:
1906:Coihaique Gp.
1904:
1902:
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1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
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1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:CheuquemĂł Fm.
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
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1755:
1753:
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1748:
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1743:
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1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:RĂo FrĂas Fm.
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:Puduhuapi Fm.
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
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1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:CheuquemĂł Fm.
1625:
1623:
1622:Chaicayán Gp.
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Angostura Fm.
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1551:
1545:
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1534:Madre de Dios
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1435:
1431:
1430:9781862392199
1427:
1423:
1419:
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1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1391:New Scientist
1387:
1381:
1378:
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1362:
1359:
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1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:, p. 264, at
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1046:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1004:CordĂłn Caulle
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
963:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
895:
891:
886:
878:
873:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:Easter Island
769:
766:
762:
757:
750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:glacial lakes
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:
632:
627:
623:
620:
616:
615:
614:
612:
608:
605:
597:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Drake Passage
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
501:
493:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:
455:Paleozoic Era
454:
449:
444:
437:
433:
428:
420:
413:
409:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:deposits. In
304:
300:
296:
290:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
229:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
192:
184:
182:
180:
176:
173:are volcanic
172:
168:
167:Easter Island
163:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
94:Late Cenozoic
91:
88:known as the
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
70:Paleozoic Era
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
31:
27:
19:
3255:Dependencies
3203:
2971:Demographics
2892:Central Bank
2761:Human rights
2749:Constitution
2615:
2532:Expansionism
2442:Independence
2316:
2303:
2253:Gastre Fault
2233:Cachet Fault
2104:Elqui-LimarĂ
2019:TobĂfera Fm.
1999:La Negra Fm.
1931:Ă‘irehuao Fm.
1921:Hornitos Fm.
1752:Traiguén Fm.
1647:Coquimbo Fm.
1632:Cholchol Fm.
1602:Caldera Beds
1489:
1421:
1407:
1389:
1380:
1370:
1361:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1320:Google Books
1314:
1308:
1303:
1293:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1226:
1209:10533/178477
1183:
1180:The Holocene
1179:
1172:
1132:
1099:
1091:
1065:
1043:
1016:Chuquicamata
1013:
973:
906:Chuquicamata
899:
894:Chuquicamata
845:
810:
773:
759:Most of the
745:Hans Steffen
725:RĂo TĂ©mpanos
706:
650:Zona Austral
636:
601:
598:Cenozoic Era
561:
557:Scotia Plate
503:
494:Mesozoic Era
458:
438:glaciations.
385:forearc high
362:
335:Zona Austral
295:Norte Grande
292:
237:Norte Grande
234:
206:
194:
165:The Chilean
164:
160:hydrothermal
102:
41:
39:
26:
2986:Immigration
2887:Aquaculture
2882:Agriculture
2814:Gendarmerie
2809:Carabineros
2661:Lighthouses
2601:Environment
2596:Earthquakes
2517:Agriculture
2493:(1973–1990)
2485:(1925–1973)
2477:(1891–1925)
2469:(1861–1891)
2461:(1831–1861)
2453:(1823–1831)
2445:(1810–1826)
2437:(1600–1810)
2429:(1540–1600)
2421:(1536–1540)
2402:Prehispanic
2187:Puerto Edén
2147:BahĂa Mansa
2138:Metamorphic
2119:Panguipulli
2057:Tralcán Fm.
2042:Choiyoi Gp.
1994:La Liga Fm.
1926:La Liga Fm.
1916:Dorotea Fm.
1785:Abanico Fm.
1727:Ranquil Fm.
1697:Navidad Fm.
1692:Mininco Fm.
1687:Malleco Fm.
1592:Ayacara Fm.
1582:Abanico Fm.
1553:Sedimentary
1372:LiveScience
1119:deformation
1082:Earthquakes
1045:Earthquakes
865:continent.
859:Nazca Plate
837:Nazca Plate
799:cinder cone
795:Rano Raraku
642:glaciations
582:of ancient
576:sedimentary
504:During the
480:Coast Range
307:Norte Chico
217:Nazca Plate
139:or shallow
117:Coast Range
98:glaciations
68:during the
54:earthquakes
3294:Categories
3091:Television
3076:Newspapers
3061:Literature
3001:Indigenous
2981:Healthcare
2914:(currency)
2744:Civil Code
2726:Ministries
2711:Government
2182:Mejillones
2092:Batholiths
1989:Ibáñez Fm.
1961:Zapata Fm.
1951:Viñita Fm.
1878:Cretaceous
1855:Vargas Fm.
1850:Temuco Fm.
1825:Lupica Fm.
1820:Loreto Fm.
1767:Vargas Fm.
1747:Temuco Fm.
1637:Chucal Fm.
1557:and groups
1555:formations
1539:Mejillonia
1401:References
1106:subsidence
992:CuracautĂn
930:molybdenum
883:See also:
806:lava tubes
654:ice fields
639:Quaternary
633:Quaternary
592:orogenesis
564:Cretaceous
551:separates
521:Antarctica
498:See also:
476:quartzites
436:Quaternary
397:subsidence
323:Los Llanos
299:salt flats
277:Magallanes
273:Llanquihue
243:, such as
189:See also:
153:molybdenum
119:, and the
48:, such as
46:subduction
3244:Venezuela
3189:Argentina
3071:Mythology
3013:Squatting
2991:Languages
2976:Education
2940:Transport
2897:Companies
2841:Air Force
2721:President
2701:Elections
2656:Volcanoes
2636:Provinces
2574:Geography
2140:complexes
2071:Paleozoic
1835:Parga Fm.
1830:Oxaya Fm.
1790:Azapa Fm.
1777:Paleogene
1762:Tubul Fm.
1707:Parga Fm.
1702:Oxaya Fm.
1682:Lauca Fm.
1667:Lacui Fm.
1544:Patagonia
1509:Chaitenia
1218:128826804
1110:Magnitude
958:limestone
934:the north
910:Escondida
821:seamounts
729:ice floes
694:Argentina
604:Altiplano
525:Australia
468:phyllites
461:micaceous
339:sea level
331:sediments
269:snow line
249:Altiplano
223:The Andes
129:volcanoes
76:. In the
66:assembled
50:volcanism
3234:Suriname
3224:Paraguay
3209:Colombia
3126:Category
3008:Religion
2907:Forestry
2833:Military
2771:Intersex
2680:Politics
2542:Maritime
2527:Economic
2522:Banditry
2510:By topic
2434:Colonial
2387:Timeline
2370:articles
2157:Chañaral
2029:Triassic
1971:Jurassic
1869:Mesozoic
1815:Lebu Gp.
1565:Cenozoic
1529:Fitz Roy
1514:Chilenia
1497:Terranes
1416:Gondwana
1138:See also
1076:Coñaripe
1000:Tolhuaca
848:volcanic
817:Motu Iti
813:Motu Nui
802:Puna Pau
791:Rano Kau
783:Terevaka
765:volcanic
741:icebergs
723:through
700:and the
698:Northern
696:are the
682:moraines
646:Zona Sur
625:America.
611:Tertiary
568:faulting
537:Gondwana
533:Jurassic
506:Triassic
472:gneisses
393:Tertiary
327:Paillaco
315:Loncoche
311:Santiago
247:and the
241:plateaus
215:and the
157:magmatic
78:Jurassic
74:Gondwana
3239:Uruguay
3214:Ecuador
3194:Bolivia
3110:Outline
3056:Cuisine
3033:Culture
2954:Society
2935:Tourism
2870:Economy
2754:History
2641:Regions
2621:Islands
2616:Geology
2591:Climate
2395:Periods
2378:History
1956:Way Gp.
1574:Neogene
1524:Cuyania
1341:Bibcode
1315:p. 264.
1188:Bibcode
1010:Tourism
980:Spanish
922:rhenium
855:hotspot
607:plateau
584:cratons
572:folding
513:Pangaea
488:forearc
464:schists
412:Pangaea
317:by the
175:hotspot
149:lithium
58:orogeny
3219:Guyana
3199:Brazil
3131:Portal
3086:Sports
3051:Cinema
2996:People
2925:Mining
2902:Energy
2646:Rivers
2586:Cities
2537:Mining
2409:–1536
2368:
2216:Faults
2202:TrafĂşn
2167:Chonos
2162:Choapa
1519:Chiloé
1428:
1216:
1102:uplift
1072:Lahars
1038:
1033:
960:mine.
902:copper
879:Mining
797:, the
737:calved
678:Chiloé
658:fjords
618:basin.
517:Africa
343:Chiloé
325:(near
145:copper
115:, the
111:, the
60:. The
56:, and
34:Llaima
3204:Chile
3117:Index
3066:Music
3023:Women
2966:Crime
2912:Peso
2651:Lakes
2366:Chile
2152:Belén
1214:S2CID
1165:Notes
988:CORFO
825:Pukao
787:Poike
777:is a
739:into
529:India
381:horst
257:fjord
133:Nazca
109:Andes
3229:Peru
3041:Arts
2851:Navy
2846:Army
2766:LGBT
2547:Wars
1426:ISBN
1115:Moho
1104:and
1051:and
944:and
942:coal
924:and
914:gold
908:and
846:The
829:Moai
827:and
815:and
789:and
768:tuff
761:moai
648:and
637:The
602:The
578:and
570:and
527:and
474:and
387:and
363:The
169:and
151:and
135:and
84:and
40:The
3257:and
2736:Law
2407:ACN
1349:doi
1236:doi
1204:hdl
1196:doi
1018:).
946:oil
938:gas
808:).
574:of
371:to
235:In
200:to
3296::
2411:AD
1432:;
1388:;
1369:;
1347:.
1335:.
1292:;
1288:;
1273:.
1247:^
1212:.
1202:.
1194:.
1184:17
1182:.
1078:.
1047:,
1006:.
982::
940:,
936:;
823:.
743:.
704:.
676:.
660:,
656:,
559:.
523:,
519:,
470:,
466:,
383:,
349:.
279:.
147:,
100:.
52:,
3165:e
3158:t
3151:v
2413:)
2405:(
2358:e
2351:t
2344:v
1482:e
1475:t
1468:v
1355:.
1351::
1343::
1337:9
1242:.
1238::
1220:.
1206::
1198::
1190::
978:(
770:.
20:)
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