202:, and 17 billion cubic metres (600 billion cubic feet) came from Russia as payment for Russian gas transit. It purchased the remaining 8 billion cubic metres (280 billion cubic feet) from Russia. Relatively cheap Russian gas, sold to Ukraine at $ 50 per cubic meter between 1998 and 2005, supported growth of energy-intensive industries in Ukraine, its status as one of the world's least energy-efficient countries and largest gas importers, expansion of Ukrainian debts. Eventually, Ukraine failed to pay its debts, diverted gas from the transit system; and came under Russian pressure to relinquish infrastructure in return for debt relief.
560:
229:), independent of European market prices. According to the addendum the price was not subject to change until the end of 2009. In 2005, Gazprom argued that this addendum was only applicable provided that the two countries sign an annual intergovernmental protocol having higher legal status for specifying the terms of gas transit. According to Gazprom, the addendum was void because the annual protocol had not been signed for 2006 under the required terms. Russia claimed that Gazprom's subsidies to the Ukrainian economy amounted to billions of dollars.
137:
292:
gas. Earlier, Yekhanurov announced that
Ukraine could refer the case to the Institute if the compromise was not reached. On December 29, Putin offered Ukraine a $ 3.6 billion loan to cover the increase in gas prices. Yushchenko rejected the offer. In the last days of 2005, European countries, which had stayed out of the dispute, began advocating for a compromise. On December 31 Putin offered to postpone the price increase until April 2006 if Ukraine immediately agreed to the new prices. Ukraine did not agree.
225:—up to 15% of gas pumped through the Ukrainian territory was taken by Ukraine instead of cash. This contract was supposed to be valid until the end of 2013. On August 9, 2004, the two companies signed a contract addendum setting the transit tariff at US$ 1.09 per 1,000 cubic meters per 100 kilometres (62 mi). This tariff was the basis for computing the amount of gas delivered in lieu of cash. The amendment fixed the gas price at $ 50 per 1,000 cubic meters (approximately $ 1.40 per million
3085:
400:
311:
478:
2936:
543:
530:
599:
at US$ 95 per 1000 cubic meters. Besides, RosUkrEnergo had to transport 40 billion cubic metres (1.4 trillion cubic feet) from
Turkmenistan to Ukraine at price US$ 1.60 per 1000 cubic meters per 100 km, or $ 1,920 million. Total expenses become US$ 2,500 +US$ 3,800 + US$ 1,920 million, or US$ 8.2 billion. Revenues from selling the gas are just $ 5.5 billion.
2972:
2960:
2948:
3022:
504:
452:
413:
387:
715:
517:
729:
40:
439:
491:
426:
701:
361:. At the same time Russia accused Ukraine of stealing $ 25 million worth of gas. Ukraine denied the allegation. On January 24, Naftogaz admitted withholding some Russian gas intended for other European countries in January 2006, but said it would still meet its contractual obligations. A spokesman for Naftogaz said the gas was needed to cope with especially cold weather.
465:
647:
246:
Gazprom, Naftogaz and RosUkrEnergo reached a preliminary agreement. Naftogaz received 2.55 billion cubic metres (90 billion cubic feet) of natural gas as partial settlement of 2005 transit services and 5.25 billion cubic metres (185 billion cubic feet) was sold by
Gazprom to RosUkrEnergo who was to receive it from Naftogaz.
175:
European countries for domestic needs. The dispute peaked on
January 1, 2006 when Russia cut off supply. The cutoff affected gas supplies to European countries that depended on Russian natural gas. On January 4, 2006 a preliminary agreement between Ukraine and Russia was achieved, the supply was restored and the situation calmed.
585:
On
January 4, Russia and Ukraine ended the dispute. A five-year contract was signed, although with prices set for six months only. According to the contract, the gas was sold not directly to Naftogaz, but to RosUkrEnergo, who paid $ 230 per 1,000 cubic metres. After mixing it with two thirds of
291:
asserted that
Ukraine had a contractual right for 15% of the gas transiting to the European Union. This statement came largely in response to the Gazprom threat to resort to the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce should Ukraine engage in unlawful withdrawal of Russian transit
272:
noted that
Ukrainian consumers pay less for gas than do Russians. He claimed that Ukraine had enough money to pay market price. Putin also noted that Russia subsidized Ukraine by $ 1 billion a year from the Russian budget—money that Gazprom would have paid from its revenues. He also noted
249:
During the final three months of 2005, negotiations between
Gazprom and Naftogaz stalled. Gazprom demanded a 2006 price of $ 160–230 per 1,000 cubic meters unless a Gazprom/Naftogaz consortium took over transmission. Ukraine agreed presuming it was phased in and that the maximum it was prepared
241:
agreed to pay the higher prices in return for increased transit fees. Ukraine took steps to change the payments for the transition of
Gazprom's gas to Europe from barter to cash. Yushchenko agreed to pay higher prices only over time, stating that Ukrainian industry would become unprofitable with gas
598:
The company had to buy 16 billion cubic metres (570 billion cubic feet) from Russia at $ 230 per 1000 cubic meters, 40 billion cubic metres (1.4 trillion cubic feet) from
Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan at price of $ 60–65 per 1000 cubic meters, and then sell it to Ukraine
174:
The conflict began when Russia claimed that Ukraine was not paying for gas and was diverting gas bound from Russia to the European Union from pipelines that crossed the country. Ukrainian officials at first denied the last accusation, but later Naftogaz admitted it used some gas intended for other
206:
supplemented by annual refinements specifying exact prices and volumes for the following year. Gas prices and transit tariffs were set in relationship to each other. Commercial agreements and trade relations have been non-transparent. Trade was conducted by Itera, EuralTransGaz, and since 2004 by
280:
On December 13, Gazprom stated that unless an agreement were reached before January 1, 2006, it would cut Ukraine off. Gazprom also stated its readiness to create a joint venture to own and operate Ukraine's gas transit pipelines. After Ukraine rejected this proposal, Gazprom stated that the new
245:
7.8 billion cubic metres (280 billion cubic feet) of natural gas which Gazprom had deposited in Ukrainian storage reservoirs during the previous winter had disappeared. It remained unclear if the gas had leaked away, had been stolen, or if there was another cause. In July by agreement,
637:
that buy gas from Gazprom should pay market prices to improve the efficiency of their economies. Illarionov noted there is no such thing as a market price for gas, because Russia offers different terms for analogous countries, e.g. gas price for Ukraine is not calculated in the same way as for
205:
Gas trading was conducted under bilateral intergovernmental agreements providing a framework for sales, transit volumes and prices and sometimes other issues such as storage and establishment of joint production ventures. The relevant companies signed contracts in accord with the agreements,
197:
Ukraine's own gas consumption in 2005 was around 80 billion cubic metres (2.8 trillion cubic feet), of which around 20 billion cubic metres (710 billion cubic feet) were produced domestically, 36 billion cubic metres (1.3 trillion cubic feet) were bought from
210:, a company with no assets, no track record, and no transparency about its owners. RosUkrEnergo beneficiaries include well-placed officials in Russian and Ukrainian gas industries and governmental structures. RosUkrEnergo is allegedly half-owned by a business ally of Ukraine's President
677:
and other European countries. Russian officials state that the country can no longer subsidize former Soviet republics. However, when the 'orange' Government of Ukraine was ousted later in 2006 and replaced by a new more Moscow-friendly Government led by
364:
European gas imports were declining, whether from Ukrainian expropriation or Russian undersupply. Gazprom invited the Switzerland-based goods inspection and testing company SGS to monitor the amount of gas that is entering Ukraine's pipeline network.
689:'s offer to buy natural gas at $ 58 per 1,000 cubic meters as too expensive, but in December 2005 it agreed to buy additional 30 billion cubic metres (1.1 trillion cubic feet) of gas at $ 65. Oil and gas prices doubled during 2005.
2191:
590:
RosUkrEnergo resold it to Ukraine at a price of $ 95 per 1,000 cubic metres. The parties also agreed to raise the transit tariff from US$ 1.09 to US$ 1.60 per 1,000 cubic meters per 100 km. This price also held for transit of
611:, economic ministers of Germany, Italy, Austria and France warned Ukraine that their nations' relations with Ukraine could be affected if it failed to deliver gas according to the contract schedule. On January 3 Russian Prime Minister
372:'s border, i.e., Ukraine's western border. Therefore, if Ukraine interferes with delivery, the EU can sue Gazprom for contract violations. As soon as the supply began to fall in the EU, Gazprom was forced to return supplies to normal.
187:, Russia began charging market prices to Ukraine for oil in 1993, but both Ukrainian gas import prices and transit fees for Russian exports to Europe were set in bilateral negotiations, well below European levels.
57:
2894:
2195:
3197:
1837:
2914:
284:
On December 15, Ukraine offered a joint-venture for selling gas in the internal Ukrainian market in exchange for gradual price increases up to 2010. Gazprom declined. On December 26,
253:
In November, Ukraine proposed to pay for gas with weapon supplies as one option. Some Ukrainian officials called for a review of the lease price Russia paid to Ukraine for keeping its
3010:
2827:
742:
2889:
2854:
928:
747:
Political pressure Russia to Ukraine during the gas conflict led to the emergence of a public campaign to boycott Russian goods in Ukraine. In December 2005, unknown activists in
3072:
2216:
1906:
2879:
281:
price would have to be 220–230 per 1,000 cubic meters (~ $ 6.35/million Btu), claiming that this was the market price. Ukraine then requested international arbitration.
3067:
2904:
2566:
751:
distributed leaflets calling not to buy Russian goods. Then various social and political movements in Ukraine picked up the idea, which got wide publicity and support.
171:
supplies, prices and debts. The conflict started in March 2005, ended in January 2006 and, in addition to the gas companies, involved politicians from both countries.
237:
In March, Gazprom informed Ukraine that it was raising prices to market levels, charging $ 160 per 1,000 cubic meters (approximately $ 4.40 per million Btu).
104:
3234:
1035:
3160:
76:
2506:
184:
83:
3003:
2582:
1597:
2899:
2835:
2385:
2166:
90:
3280:
2988:
2464:
2768:
2763:
1140:
72:
1993:
1676:
2996:
2561:
2787:
1352:
3026:
2549:
2043:
1750:
885:
1647:
1493:
2705:
1783:
3054:
2816:
760:
915:
357:
On January 1, 2006 Gazprom started reducing pressure in the pipeline system ahead of the deadline of the Russian ultimatum set for 10:00
3187:
3122:
2739:
877:
2862:
2224:
3209:
2729:
2428:
2301:
2669:
1568:
2657:
1958:
1933:
1889:
1864:
1527:
1195:
1170:
936:
123:
1023:
3084:
1975:
1119:
1104:
967:
97:
3182:
2744:
2556:
1292:
3044:
2806:
1214:
28:
3132:
3127:
3117:
1399:
622:
supported resumption of gas supplies by Gazprom and emphasized that a lasting solution was preferable to unilateral measures.
3192:
2378:
61:
2867:
2511:
2474:
262:
2688:
1374:
299:
3254:
2544:
2496:
2277:
326:
868:
559:
3259:
2849:
2734:
2643:
2433:
1239:
924:
665:
cited sources who saw the conflict as punishing the new 'orange' Government of Ukraine, which was considered more pro-
334:
2676:
3143:
2884:
2518:
2459:
2454:
2872:
346:
50:
2940:
2919:
2371:
285:
1605:
2909:
2418:
2408:
1031:
630:
2236:
These countries should pay today's market prices for their energy to improve the efficiency of their economies
1375:"What does Russia mean? The Interpretation of Russian Foreign Policy within the Russia – Ukraine Gas Disputes"
2121:
2976:
2724:
2652:
2481:
2192:"Gas dispute Russia - Ukraine: Foreign Minister Ursula Plassnik has welcomed the resumption of gas supplies"
2170:
2167:"Gas dispute Russia - Ukraine: Foreign Minister Ursula Plassnik has welcomed the resumption of gas supplies"
221:
According to the contract between Gazprom and Naftogaz signed on June 21, 2002, payment was in the form of
190:
In 2004–2005, about 80% of Russian gas exports to the European Union passed through Ukraine. Two-thirds of
136:
3249:
3106:
2491:
2486:
2169:(Press release). Austrian Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2006. 2006-01-03. Archived from
1451:
765:
404:
399:
3244:
3204:
3155:
2523:
2469:
1424:
992:
482:
238:
1724:
2001:
1684:
310:
2528:
571:
350:
226:
1452:"Gazprom and Naftogaz Ukrainy settle 7.8 bcm of Russian gas in Ukrainian UGSfacilities problem"
3226:
2053:
1758:
564:
315:
2971:
2959:
2947:
615:
asked the European Union to influence Ukraine to ensure gas transit from Russia to EU countries.
17:
3214:
3138:
1655:
1052:
634:
338:
298:, then Putin's economic adviser, resigned rather than explain the price hike and other issues of
1812:
1791:
3149:
3112:
2779:
2423:
2413:
1954:
1929:
1885:
1860:
1523:
1191:
1166:
942:
932:
881:
679:
674:
670:
655:
574:
330:
295:
211:
1838:"Gazprom acusa a Ucrania de "robar" 100 millones de metros cúbicos de gas dirigidos a Europa"
218:'s previous term as prime minister, was closed after Yushchenko fired her in September 2005.
3100:
2681:
2637:
2394:
1044:
288:
215:
156:
2305:
2617:
1729:
1576:
1437:
1123:
1005:
682:, the price for 2007 still grew to $ 135 per 1,000 cubic meters (from $ 95 in 2006).
619:
612:
477:
254:
1060:
974:
2449:
1163:
The Politics and Complexities of Crisis Management in Ukraine: A Historical Perspective
1116:
720:
567:
318:
269:
2022:
1300:
813:
669:
and EU than its predecessor, despite the fact that the country paid less than (fellow
27:
For other gas disputes between Russia and Ukraine, including the current dispute, see
3274:
3239:
2964:
2952:
2698:
2693:
2501:
1056:
734:
706:
342:
322:
1626:
1406:
3062:
2821:
2302:"Price for gas for Ukraine in 2007 will amount to $ 135 USD per 1,000 cubic metres"
1472:
686:
592:
587:
274:
207:
199:
2347:
2326:
2145:
2099:
1705:
1084:
1677:"Ukraine stakes claim to 15 pct of Russian gas transiting to western Europe"
1218:
2612:
2249:
837:
787:
626:
358:
168:
152:
39:
2278:"Russia's State-Controlled Gas Firm Announces Plan to Double Price for Georgia"
1543:
3177:
2074:
1048:
748:
696:
662:
368:
The EU's contract with Gazprom requires the supplier to deliver to the former
258:
1161:
Gregory Simons; Mykola Kapitonenko; Viktor Lavrenyuk; Erik Vlaeminck (2017).
2627:
2622:
1321:
891:
728:
608:
1267:
1243:
2044:"Russia, Ukraine reach deal on gas pricing; EU relieved, oil price falls"
547:
542:
534:
529:
1976:"European Union's Gas Supply Issue. To Securitize or not to Securitize?"
646:
3030:
3021:
2798:
2755:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2587:
1296:
508:
503:
456:
451:
443:
438:
417:
412:
391:
386:
191:
164:
149:
2194:(Press release). Austrian Foreign Ministry. 2006-01-04. Archived from
1994:"Italy gas supplies from Russia down 24 pct, 6 pct of total - Eni CEO"
2716:
2592:
2048:
968:"Russia's Cutoff of Natural Gas to Ukraine: Context and Implications"
578:
521:
516:
495:
490:
430:
425:
265:, while Russia resisted any discussions that might affect the lease.
222:
160:
2363:
1215:"Україна перехоплює ініціативу в газовій війні. Читайте документи"
645:
558:
469:
464:
309:
2664:
1907:"UPDATE 2-Gazprom says unable to meet greater Europe gas demand"
666:
651:
369:
2992:
2367:
1882:
The EU-Russian Energy Dialogue: Europe's Future Energy Security
1751:"Ukraine rejects Russian natural gas price hike plan - Gazprom"
1293:"Comment on Naftagaz Ukrainy's statement from 7 December 2005"
966:
Nichol, Jim; Woehrel, Steven; Gelb, Bernhard A. (2006-02-15).
33:
2348:"Gazprom to buy 30 bln cu m of gas from Turkmenistan in 2006"
2146:"Fradkov asks EU to influence Ukraine to ensure gas transit"
1268:""Газпром": Цена газа для Украины может составить $ 500-700"
194:'s revenue comes from the sale of gas that crosses Ukraine.
1341:
Russian newspaper Kommersant daily, Tuesday, March 29, 2005
1024:"Where East Meets West: European Gas and Ukrainian Reality"
1974:
Sergiy Prokhorov, Marta-Maria Denshchykova (Spring 2009).
3198:
2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations
1905:
Soldatkin, Vladimir; Gloystein, Henning (February 2012).
1627:"Ukraine Prepares For Arbitration In Gas Row With Russia"
1405:. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. Archived from
380:
Many European countries saw a drop in the supply of gas:
1473:"Украина готова платить России за газ поставками оружия"
618:
On January 3 and 4 Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs
214:. The Ukrainian investigation into RosUkrEnergo, during
2890:
International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
1262:
1260:
1240:"Expert: Ukraine vs Gazprom: the price of the problem"
1322:"Обнародован текст стенограммы "газовых переговоров""
353:(CEO of Naftogaz), in which the dispute was discussed
250:
to pay in 2006 was $ 80 per 1,000 cubic meters.
550:—33 % (40% of average annual gas supply).
3225:
3169:
3092:
3037:
2848:
2796:
2777:
2753:
2714:
2636:
2575:
2537:
2442:
2401:
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2828:Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!
1400:"The Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis of January 2006"
1141:"The Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis of January 2006"
743:Remember about the Gas — Do not buy Russian goods!
2217:"Putin's Kremlin Flexes Its Muscles With Gazprom"
1857:Russia and the World: The Internal-External Nexus
1924:Steve Smith; Amelia Hadfield; Tim Dunne (2016).
1382:Bratislava International School of Liberal Arts
1217:. Українська правда. 2005-12-22. Archived from
1209:
1207:
1777:
1775:
1085:"Russia-Ukraine gas dispute remains unsettled"
1036:Center for Strategic and International Studies
3004:
2379:
1629:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2005-12-23
446:—supplies down by an unspecified amount
273:that 25 million Russians live below the
8:
1520:Economic Developments in Contemporary Russia
1188:Economic Developments in Contemporary Russia
2880:2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute
1353:"Ukraine: Challenges Facing the Gas Sector"
832:
830:
808:
806:
804:
782:
780:
140:Natural gas pipelines from Russia to Europe
3011:
2997:
2989:
2836:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
2711:
2386:
2372:
2364:
1723:Neil Buckley, George Parker (2005-12-30).
1522:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 214–215.
394:—Russian supplies down by around 33%
3161:2020–2022 Ukrainian constitutional crisis
2075:"Russia, Ukraine Agree on New Gas Prices"
1951:Russia's Border Wars and Frozen Conflicts
1494:"Ukraine ups ante in Russian gas dispute"
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
2271:
2269:
1928:. Oxford University Press. p. 466.
1393:
1391:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
341:(Deputy Chairman of the Gazprom board),
135:
1926:Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases
1884:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 89.
1813:"Russia cuts off gas supply to Ukraine"
1725:"Ukraine rejects Moscow gas loan offer"
1598:"Gasprom Responds to Ukrainian Refusal"
1148:The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1022:Chow, Edward; Elkind, Jonathan (2009).
776:
2562:Russian floating nuclear power station
2248:Wingfield-Hayes, Rupert (2009-01-03).
1433:
1422:
1001:
990:
472:—24 % (6% of total imports)
321:at a meeting on 29 December 2005 with
277:, further questioning Ukraine's deal.
73:"2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute"
1190:. Taylor & Francis. p. 152.
1134:
1132:
1107:, The New York Times, January 8, 2009
973:. CRS Report. RS22378. Archived from
607:According to the Russian news agency
7:
3050:2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute
2706:Russia in the European energy sector
1475:(in Russian). NEWSru.com. 2005-11-11
1242:. Regnum. 2006-01-10. Archived from
1126:, The Moscow Times, January 28, 2008
1017:
1015:
62:adding citations to reliable sources
3235:2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia
3188:11 December 2013 Euromaidan assault
3123:2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia
2740:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
2122:"Russia's Image at Risk in Dispute"
2023:"Ukraine and Russia reach gas deal"
1784:"Q&A: Putin's Critical Adviser"
1706:"Ukraine ups ante over Russian gas"
1117:Mogilevich Arrested With Arbat Boss
878:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
485:—supplies down by around 100%
2730:2007 Russian North Pole expedition
2583:Electric power companies of Russia
2304:. NRCU. 2006-08-28. Archived from
917:Ukraine: Energy Policy Review 2006
788:"Ukraine gas row hits EU supplies"
146:2005–06 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute
25:
18:2005–06 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute
2788:2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis
838:"Ukraine takes extra Russian gas"
814:"Ukraine 'stealing Europe's gas'"
685:Earlier in 2005 Gazprom declined
577:hold a joint press conference in
268:On December 8, Russian President
3260:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
3183:1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots
3083:
3020:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2745:Territorial claims in the Arctic
1544:"Vladimir Putin Charged Ukraine"
1139:Stern, Jonathan (January 2006).
727:
713:
699:
541:
528:
515:
502:
489:
476:
463:
450:
437:
424:
411:
398:
385:
38:
3133:2008 Ukrainian political crisis
3128:2007 Ukrainian political crisis
3118:2006 Ukrainian political crisis
3055:2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute
1782:Yuri Zarakhovich (2005-12-31).
1373:Kostanyan, Argine (June 2014).
761:2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute
595:gas through Russia to Ukraine.
49:needs additional citations for
3193:2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots
3068:Cases against Yulia Tymoshenko
2863:2021–2023 global energy crisis
2100:"Сухой остаток газового спора"
1398:Stern, Jonathan (2006-01-16).
302:as liberal economic policies.
167:. The disagreements concerned
1:
2885:2024 Lukoil transit sanctions
2670:Russia–Saudi Arabia relations
2475:Gas Exporting Countries Forum
2250:"Russian gas theories abound"
1880:Professor Pami Aalto (2013).
1351:World Bank (September 2003).
1105:Deal Struck to End Gas Cutoff
3255:Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare
2223:. 2006-01-02. Archived from
2052:. 2006-01-04. Archived from
2000:. 2006-07-29. Archived from
1817:International Herald Tribune
1757:. 2006-01-01. Archived from
1683:. 2005-12-27. Archived from
1654:. 2005-12-16. Archived from
1604:. 2005-12-15. Archived from
1575:. 2005-12-14. Archived from
1299:. 2005-12-07. Archived from
642:Alleged political motivation
555:Agreement to end the dispute
185:collapse of the Soviet Union
3281:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
3045:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
2807:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
1360:siteresources.worldbank.org
931:. 2006. pp. 204, 220.
29:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
3297:
2327:"Q&A: Ukraine gas row"
2276:Finn, Peter (2007-11-03).
1454:. RUSTOCKS.com. 2005-07-17
740:
26:
3170:Euromaidan and Revolution
3081:
2930:
2920:Unfriendly countries list
2868:2021–2023 inflation surge
2350:. RIA Novosti. 2005-12-29
2148:. RIA Novosti. 2006-01-03
2120:Kim Murphy (2006-01-02).
1859:. Routledge. p. 69.
1648:"Dear Price for Attitude"
1087:. RIA Novosti. 2005-12-20
1049:10.1080/01636600802552247
433:—25–30 %
347:Ukrainian Energy Minister
2689:Germany–Russia relations
2429:Greenhouse gas emissions
1953:. Springer. p. 37.
1949:Coyle, James J. (2017).
1274:(in Russian). 2005-12-23
1032:The Washington Quarterly
631:World Trade Organization
327:Russian Finance Minister
300:Russia–Ukraine relations
239:Ukraine's new government
3210:2014 pro-Russian unrest
2977:Renewable energy portal
2725:Arctic policy of Russia
2653:Energy policy of Russia
2640: and disputes
2545:Electric power industry
2102:. Gazeta.ru. 2006-01-04
1855:Kuhrt, Natasha (2014).
603:International reactions
335:Russian Energy Minister
3250:Martial law in Ukraine
3107:Ukraine without Kuchma
2677:China–Russia relations
2567:Thermal power stations
2557:List of power stations
2538:Electricity generation
1518:Jeffries, Ian (2011).
1432:Cite journal requires
1186:Jeffries, Ian (2011).
1000:Cite journal requires
867:Pirani, Simon (2007).
766:Natural gas in Ukraine
658:
654:during Ukraine's 2004
586:cheaper supplies from
582:
405:Bosnia and Herzegovina
354:
163:national gas supplier
141:
3245:Kerch Strait incident
3205:Revolution of Dignity
3156:Lustration in Ukraine
3144:2012 law on languages
2873:2022–2023 food crises
1324:. From-UA. 2005-12-30
649:
562:
483:Republic of Macedonia
313:
179:Historical background
139:
2004:on December 17, 2007
1761:on December 17, 2007
870:Ukraine's Gas Sector
572:President of Ukraine
155:oil and gas company
58:improve this article
3227:Russo-Ukrainian War
2895:during the invasion
1303:on October 12, 2008
565:President of Russia
316:President of Russia
3215:2014 Odesa clashes
3139:No to police state
3073:against supporters
3027:Political scandals
2905:2023 oil sanctions
2900:2022 oil sanctions
2715:Disputes over the
2550:in Imperial Russia
2507:Barents Sea fields
2497:Petroleum industry
2434:Ministry of Energy
2227:on January 4, 2006
2056:on January 6, 2006
1794:on January 5, 2006
1569:"Gas Main Is Main"
1498:The Globe and Mail
1122:2009-01-23 at the
661:European and U.S.
659:
635:Post-Soviet states
583:
581:on 11 January 2006
355:
339:Alexander Medvedev
142:
3268:
3267:
3150:Rise up, Ukraine!
3113:Orange Revolution
2986:
2985:
2844:
2843:
2735:Continental shelf
2424:Energy superpower
2414:Economy of Russia
2329:. BBC. 2006-01-04
2126:Los Angeles Times
2025:. BBC. 2006-01-04
887:978-1-901795-63-9
840:. BBC. 2006-01-24
816:. BBC. 2006-01-02
790:. BBC. 2006-01-01
680:Viktor Yanukovych
671:post-Soviet state
656:Orange Revolution
575:Viktor Yushchenko
524:—100 %
420:—100 %
407:—100 %
331:Viktor Khristenko
296:Andrei Illarionov
233:2005 negotiations
212:Viktor Yushchenko
134:
133:
126:
108:
16:(Redirected from
3288:
3101:Cassette Scandal
3087:
3025:
3024:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2974:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2937:
2850:Ukraine invasion
2712:
2682:Power of Siberia
2576:Energy companies
2519:Renewable energy
2395:Energy in Russia
2388:
2381:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1790:. Archived from
1779:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1712:. December 2005.
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1059:. Archived from
1028:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1003:
998:
996:
988:
986:
985:
979:
972:
963:
957:
956:
954:
953:
947:
941:. Archived from
922:
912:
906:
905:
903:
902:
896:
890:. Archived from
875:
864:
849:
848:
846:
845:
834:
825:
824:
822:
821:
810:
799:
798:
796:
795:
784:
737:
732:
731:
723:
718:
717:
716:
709:
704:
703:
702:
546:
545:
537:—33 %
533:
532:
520:
519:
511:—20 %
507:
506:
498:—14 %
494:
493:
481:
480:
468:
467:
459:—40 %
455:
454:
442:
441:
429:
428:
416:
415:
403:
402:
390:
389:
376:Impact on Europe
289:Yuriy Yekhanurov
216:Yulia Tymoshenko
157:Naftogaz Ukrainy
153:state-controlled
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
107:
66:
42:
34:
21:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3221:
3165:
3088:
3079:
3033:
3019:
3017:
2987:
2982:
2926:
2852:
2840:
2792:
2773:
2749:
2710:
2641:
2632:
2618:Sakhalin Energy
2571:
2533:
2438:
2419:Energy security
2397:
2392:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2282:Washington Post
2275:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2230:
2228:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1980:Lund University
1973:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1844:. January 2006.
1836:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1733:
1730:Financial Times
1722:
1721:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1688:
1687:on May 27, 2007
1675:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1431:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1124:Wayback Machine
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1013:
999:
989:
983:
981:
977:
970:
965:
964:
960:
951:
949:
945:
939:
920:
914:
913:
909:
900:
898:
894:
888:
873:
866:
865:
852:
843:
841:
836:
835:
828:
819:
817:
812:
811:
802:
793:
791:
786:
785:
778:
774:
757:
745:
733:
726:
719:
714:
712:
705:
700:
698:
695:
693:Public reaction
644:
620:Ursula Plassnik
613:Mikhail Fradkov
605:
557:
540:
527:
514:
501:
488:
475:
462:
449:
436:
423:
410:
397:
384:
378:
351:Alexey Ivchenko
308:
255:Black Sea Fleet
235:
181:
130:
119:
113:
110:
67:
65:
55:
43:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3294:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3096:
3094:
3093:Other scandals
3090:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2859:
2857:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2803:
2801:
2797:Disputes with
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:Disputes with
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:Disputes with
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:Climate change
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2339:
2318:
2293:
2265:
2240:
2208:
2183:
2158:
2137:
2112:
2091:
2066:
2035:
2014:
1985:
1966:
1959:
1941:
1934:
1916:
1897:
1890:
1872:
1865:
1847:
1829:
1804:
1771:
1742:
1715:
1697:
1668:
1639:
1618:
1589:
1560:
1535:
1528:
1510:
1485:
1464:
1443:
1434:|journal=
1387:
1365:
1343:
1334:
1313:
1284:
1256:
1231:
1203:
1196:
1178:
1171:
1153:
1128:
1109:
1097:
1076:
1011:
1002:|journal=
958:
937:
907:
886:
850:
826:
800:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
763:
756:
753:
741:Main article:
739:
738:
724:
721:Ukraine portal
710:
694:
691:
643:
640:
604:
601:
568:Vladimir Putin
556:
553:
552:
551:
538:
525:
512:
499:
486:
473:
460:
447:
434:
421:
408:
395:
377:
374:
319:Vladimir Putin
307:
304:
286:Prime Minister
270:Vladimir Putin
234:
231:
180:
177:
132:
131:
46:
44:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3293:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:War in Donbas
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2965:Energy portal
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2953:Russia portal
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:gas price cap
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2699:Nord Stream 2
2697:
2695:
2694:Nord Stream 1
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:2022 invasion
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Barents Basin
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Hydroelectric
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2308:on 2007-12-20
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2198:on 2011-05-22
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2173:on 2008-10-27
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1960:9783319522043
1956:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1935:9780198708902
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1891:9781409498315
1887:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1866:9781317850373
1862:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1658:on 2011-06-06
1657:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1608:on 2011-06-06
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1579:on 2011-06-06
1578:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1529:9781136850776
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1426:
1412:on 2009-01-14
1408:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1273:
1272:Korrespondent
1269:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1246:on 2009-04-02
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1221:on 2005-12-30
1220:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:9781136850776
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1172:9781317020523
1168:
1165:. Routledge.
1164:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1066:on 2009-01-14
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
994:
980:on 2009-01-14
976:
969:
962:
959:
948:on 2009-01-14
944:
940:
938:92-64-10991-9
934:
930:
926:
919:
918:
911:
908:
897:on 2008-05-27
893:
889:
883:
879:
872:
871:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
851:
839:
833:
831:
827:
815:
809:
807:
805:
801:
789:
783:
781:
777:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
752:
750:
744:
736:
735:Energy portal
730:
725:
722:
711:
708:
707:Russia portal
697:
692:
690:
688:
683:
681:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
653:
648:
641:
639:
636:
632:
628:
625:According to
623:
621:
616:
614:
610:
602:
600:
596:
594:
589:
580:
576:
573:
569:
566:
561:
554:
549:
544:
539:
536:
531:
526:
523:
518:
513:
510:
505:
500:
497:
492:
487:
484:
479:
474:
471:
466:
461:
458:
453:
448:
445:
440:
435:
432:
427:
422:
419:
414:
409:
406:
401:
396:
393:
388:
383:
382:
381:
375:
373:
371:
366:
362:
360:
352:
348:
344:
343:Ivan Plachkov
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Alexei Kudrin
320:
317:
312:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
290:
287:
282:
278:
276:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
251:
247:
243:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
203:
201:
195:
193:
188:
186:
178:
176:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
138:
128:
125:
117:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
19:
3063:Kharkiv Pact
3049:
3038:Gas disputes
2975:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2826:
2822:Kharkiv Pact
2811:
2658:Soviet Union
2512:West Siberia
2492:Oil reserves
2487:Oil industry
2465:LNG industry
2352:. Retrieved
2342:
2331:. Retrieved
2321:
2310:. Retrieved
2306:the original
2296:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2257:. Retrieved
2253:
2243:
2235:
2229:. Retrieved
2225:the original
2220:
2211:
2200:. Retrieved
2196:the original
2186:
2175:. Retrieved
2171:the original
2161:
2150:. Retrieved
2140:
2129:. Retrieved
2125:
2115:
2104:. Retrieved
2094:
2083:. Retrieved
2081:. 2006-01-04
2078:
2069:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2047:
2038:
2027:. Retrieved
2017:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:the original
1997:
1988:
1979:
1969:
1950:
1944:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1881:
1875:
1856:
1850:
1842:Europa Press
1841:
1832:
1821:. Retrieved
1819:. 2006-01-01
1816:
1807:
1796:. Retrieved
1792:the original
1787:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1754:
1745:
1734:. Retrieved
1728:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1689:. Retrieved
1685:the original
1680:
1671:
1660:. Retrieved
1656:the original
1651:
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:the original
1601:
1592:
1581:. Retrieved
1577:the original
1572:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1550:. 2005-12-09
1547:
1538:
1519:
1513:
1502:. Retrieved
1500:. 2005-12-10
1497:
1488:
1477:. Retrieved
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1446:
1425:cite journal
1414:. Retrieved
1407:the original
1381:
1368:
1359:
1346:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1316:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:the original
1287:
1276:. Retrieved
1271:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:the original
1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1187:
1181:
1162:
1156:
1147:
1112:
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1061:the original
1043:(1): 77–92.
1040:
1030:
993:cite journal
982:. Retrieved
975:the original
961:
950:. Retrieved
943:the original
916:
910:
899:. Retrieved
892:the original
869:
842:. Retrieved
818:. Retrieved
792:. Retrieved
746:
687:Turkmenistan
684:
660:
624:
617:
606:
597:
588:Central Asia
584:
379:
367:
363:
356:
294:
283:
279:
275:poverty line
267:
252:
248:
244:
242:above $ 90.
236:
220:
208:RosUkrEnergo
204:
200:Turkmenistan
196:
189:
182:
173:
148:was between
145:
143:
120:
114:January 2009
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
2613:Rosneftegaz
2470:Natural gas
627:Pascal Lamy
169:natural gas
3178:Euromaidan
2812:of 2005–06
2455:Geothermal
2354:2008-12-16
2333:2008-12-16
2312:2008-12-16
2287:2007-11-03
2259:2009-01-03
2231:2009-01-13
2202:2009-01-13
2177:2009-01-13
2152:2009-01-13
2131:2008-12-16
2106:2008-12-17
2085:2008-12-17
2079:Kommersant
2060:2008-12-17
2029:2008-12-17
2008:2009-01-07
1823:2008-12-16
1798:2008-12-17
1765:2008-12-16
1736:2008-12-16
1691:2008-12-16
1662:2008-12-21
1652:Kommersant
1633:2008-12-15
1612:2008-12-21
1602:Kommersant
1583:2008-12-21
1573:Kommersant
1554:2008-12-15
1548:Kommersant
1504:2008-12-15
1479:2008-12-15
1458:2008-12-21
1416:2008-12-21
1328:2008-12-15
1307:2008-12-15
1278:2008-12-15
1250:2008-12-15
1225:2008-12-15
1091:2008-12-21
1070:2009-01-10
984:2008-12-21
952:2008-12-21
901:2008-12-21
844:2008-12-16
820:2008-12-16
794:2008-12-16
772:References
749:Kirovohrad
259:Sevastopol
183:After the
84:newspapers
2855:sanctions
2628:Yamal LNG
2623:Transneft
1057:154391246
650:Tents in
638:Germany.
609:ITAR-TASS
150:Ukrainian
3275:Category
3176:2013–14
3111:2004–05
3105:2000–01
2941:Category
2642:(before
2638:Politics
2254:BBC News
1710:BBC News
1120:Archived
755:See also
548:Slovenia
535:Slovakia
3031:Ukraine
2817:of 2009
2799:Ukraine
2780:Georgia
2769:of 2007
2764:of 2004
2756:Belarus
2608:Rosneft
2603:Rosatom
2598:Novatek
2588:Gazprom
2482:Nuclear
2443:Sources
1911:Reuters
1297:Gazprom
675:Georgia
629:of the
593:Turkmen
509:Romania
457:Hungary
444:Germany
418:Croatia
392:Austria
306:Cut-off
192:Gazprom
165:Gazprom
161:Russian
98:scholar
2915:CAATSA
2717:Arctic
2593:Lukoil
2402:Topics
2221:Forbes
2049:Forbes
1998:Forbes
1957:
1932:
1888:
1863:
1755:Forbes
1681:Forbes
1526:
1194:
1169:
1055:
935:
884:
633:, all
579:Astana
522:Serbia
496:Poland
431:France
349:) and
263:Crimea
223:barter
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
3154:2014
3148:2013
3137:2010
3099:2000
3061:2010
2524:Solar
1410:(PDF)
1403:(PDF)
1378:(PDF)
1356:(PDF)
1144:(PDF)
1064:(PDF)
1053:S2CID
1027:(PDF)
978:(PDF)
971:(PDF)
946:(PDF)
921:(PDF)
895:(PDF)
874:(PDF)
663:media
563:Then
470:Italy
314:Then
105:JSTOR
91:books
2853:and
2665:OPEC
2529:Wind
2450:Coal
1955:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1886:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1788:Time
1524:ISBN
1438:help
1192:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1006:help
933:ISBN
929:OECD
882:ISBN
667:NATO
652:Kyiv
570:and
370:USSR
159:and
144:The
77:news
3029:in
1045:doi
925:IEA
359:MSK
337:),
329:),
257:in
227:Btu
60:by
3277::
2280:.
2268:^
2252:.
2234:.
2219:.
2124:.
2077:.
2046:.
1996:.
1978:.
1909:.
1840:.
1815:.
1786:.
1774:^
1753:.
1727:.
1708:.
1679:.
1650:.
1600:.
1571:.
1546:.
1496:.
1429::
1427:}}
1423:{{
1390:^
1380:.
1358:.
1295:.
1270:.
1259:^
1206:^
1146:.
1131:^
1051:.
1041:32
1039:.
1034:|
1029:.
1014:^
997::
995:}}
991:{{
923:.
880:.
876:.
853:^
829:^
803:^
779:^
673:)
261:,
3012:e
3005:t
2998:v
2646:)
2387:e
2380:t
2373:v
2357:.
2336:.
2315:.
2290:.
2262:.
2205:.
2180:.
2155:.
2134:.
2109:.
2088:.
2063:.
2032:.
2011:.
1982:.
1963:.
1938:.
1913:.
1894:.
1869:.
1826:.
1801:.
1768:.
1739:.
1694:.
1665:.
1636:.
1615:.
1586:.
1557:.
1532:.
1507:.
1482:.
1461:.
1440:)
1436:(
1419:.
1384:.
1362:.
1331:.
1310:.
1281:.
1253:.
1228:.
1200:.
1175:.
1150:.
1094:.
1073:.
1047::
1008:)
1004:(
987:.
955:.
927:/
904:.
847:.
823:.
797:.
345:(
333:(
325:(
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
