348:. Shortly after the release of the hikers, it was revealed that Jacob Fattal, the father of Joshua Fattal, is an Israeli expatriate living in the United States. To avoid revealing the fact that Josh's father is an Israeli citizen, and that half his family are Israelis, Josh's mother and brother, Alex Fattal, spearheaded the campaign for his release and his father avoided the media. Fattal had been to Israel on a few family visits. The last time Fattal was in Israel was 2007 for two weeks for his cousin's wedding.
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668:"what analysts called a power struggle between Ahmadinejad and the conservative establishment he has angered," and soon after the announcement, Iran's judiciary contradicted the president and stated it had exclusive authority to order their release. (The judiciary answers to the country's supreme leader.) Fattal and Bauer were released on September 21 and taken by a diplomatic convoy to a plane that took them to Oman.
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563:"According to an informed source with the judiciary, Shane Bauer and Josh Fattal, the two detained American citizens, have been each sentenced to three years in prison for illegal entry to the Islamic Republic of Iran," the Iran's state television website reported. It also stated that the two have separately been "sentenced to five years in prison on charges of espionage for the American intelligence agency".
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511:, section 209. The three were in solitary confinement for the first four months. Bauer and Shourd could communicate during the first month, but Fattal was totally isolated. Shourd remained in solitary confinement after Fattal and Bauer were put in the same cell at which point the three spent time together each day for two 30-minute periods.
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Iraq free from the sectarian struggle that dominates much of Iraq. They had been advised of the suitability of the region for a holiday by friends who had been there and through
Internet research; and were recommended the Ahmed Awa waterfall, a popular Kurdish tourist destination, by a number of local people whilst they were in
675:(about US$ 465,000) for each of the men was posted, and they would be released into the custody of either Swiss diplomats or an Omani delegation. Omani officials, who maintain good relations with both Iran and the U.S., reportedly played a key role in negotiations with Iran and may have paid the almost $ 1 million bail.
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In
September 2009, Ahmadinejad promised that he would ask the judiciary to treat the case with maximum lenience and expeditiously, but despite many public statements that a judicial proceeding was imminent there was no hearing or movement on their case for nearly eight months. On November 9, 2009, it
542:(about US$ 465,000) bail, paid by the Sultan of Oman. Iran's judiciary also announced that the pre-trial detention of Fattal and Bauer would be extended for two more months, at that time. Shourd remained a defendant but was not required by Iran to return for trial along with Fattal and Bauer in 2011.
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The three
American detainees have claimed they were simply hikers who did not realize that they were in Iran and that they actually have lengthy backgrounds as social justice activists. They had been living and active in the Middle East, and were on holiday in Iraqi Kurdistan, an autonomous region of
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possible: after this successful mediation, Sultan Qaboos offered to facilitate a US–Iran rapprochement. In March, US and
Iranian officials met in Oman, Secretary of State John Kerry followed up in May, and the talks took on a momentum of their own after Hassan Rouhani replaced Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in
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At the beginning of August 2010, the
Iranian government reiterated its belief that the trio should stand trial for illegal entry, and announced it was considering other charges such as "intentionally acting against Iranian security". On July 31, 2011, the two had their final hearing of the trial. On
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Iran officials stated she was released on humanitarian grounds due to her declining health. She suffered mental health deterioration due to her solitary confinement for such an extended period of time. Shourd's bail did not require that she remain in Iran, but her case would still go to trial along
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as a child and later came to the United States, where he married Fattal's mother, Laura. In an effort not to draw attention to their ties with Israel after Josh's arrest, the family decided that rather than having his father involved in public efforts for Josh's release, the task would go to Josh's
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Sarah Shourd was released 14 months later on "humanitarian grounds". Fattal and Bauer were convicted of "illegal entry" and "espionage" two years after their arrest and each sentenced to eight years in prison, but were released on
September 21, 2011. Each of the detainees was released after payment
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offered to arrange secret talks between the US and Iran, which hadn't had diplomatic relations for 30 years. But it was the detention of the
American hikers by Iran that brought Oman into a mediating role between the two sides and helped win the release of the detainees. Ironically, efforts to win
667:
On
September 13, 2011, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad told NBC News that Fattal and Bauer would be released "in a couple of days" in a "humanitarian gesture". Ahmadinejad was scheduled to speak at the United Nations General Assembly the next week. However the release was delayed as part of
292:
At the time of their detention by
Iranian troops, the three Americans were on vacation from their jobs in the region in a relatively stable, autonomous region of Iraq known as Iraqi Kurdistan. On the recommendations of locals, they hiked to see a popular local Iraqi tourist destination near the
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in Iran because the United States has no formal diplomatic relations with Iran). Upon the release of Fattal and Bauer on
September 25, 2011, Shourd stated, "Bauer was beaten and Fattal forced down a flight of stairs." In their memoir, Bauer states that he was not beaten but rather severely
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The mothers of the three applied for visas in January 2010 to visit their sons and daughter. They went to Iran in May 2010, after the government granted the visas. The three were united with their mothers for two days in May 2010 while remaining in detention.
413:, Syria, where she provided educational opportunities to refugees from the war in Iraq and taught English. Shourd was Bauer's girlfriend at the time of the arrest, and the two became engaged to be married while imprisoned. They married on May 5, 2012, in
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and travelled to Switzerland, India, China, and South Africa from January to May 2009 on a fellowship with the International Honors Program (IHP)'s "Health and Community" study abroad program. Fattal and Bauer were friends from their days at the
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On July 31, 2011, Fattal and Bauer were tried by the Revolutionary Court of the Islamic Republic of Iran. On August 20, 2011, they were convicted of "illegal entry" and "espionage" and sentenced to a total of eight years in prison, each.
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and precancerous cervical cells. In May 2011, Shourd announced that she would not return to Iran for trial, citing acute ill-health. Her lump turned out to be non-cancerous, however it offered a way out of returning.
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was announced they would be charged for espionage by Iranian authorities. The detainees were consistently denied access to their lawyer and Swiss officials were stonewalled. On February 15, 2009
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448:. After visiting the waterfall, they continued walking in Iraqi Kurdistan until they unknowingly walked along the unmarked Iraq-Iran borderline, at times stepping just feet into Iran.
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1286:"'We have to have hope' – Shon Meckfessel discusses how three of his friends – all US citizens – were taken prisoner by Iranian officials while hiking in Iraq near the border of Iran"
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stated his hope that the three would be able to prove their innocence of espionage, but stated they deserve at least some punishment for illegal entry into Iran.
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Shane Bauer and Sarah Shourd, who were already in a relationship when they were detained, became engaged while incarcerated and married after their release.
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were able to visit them on September 29 and October 29, 2009, and confirmed they did not appear to have been physically mistreated (Switzerland
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Beside a five-minute phone call in March, 2010, the three detainees were not allowed to communicate with their families until May, 2010.
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The exact circumstances of their detention are unknown, but is illustrated in the first person by each of the three in their book,
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indicated that two villagers said the hikers were accosted by Iranian authorities while they were on the Iraqi side of the border.
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The two men were released from prison and flown back to the United States via Oman on September 21, 2011, following a 10 billion
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August 20, 2011, the two hikers were sentenced to 3 years for illegal entry and 5 years for espionage, a total of 8 years.
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with Fattal and Bauer. Shourd's mother has said she had been denied treatment for serious health problems, including a
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440:. Iran claims the three crossed into its territory. The three sometimes dispute and sometimes accept this claim.
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1194:"Statement of President Barack Obama on the Unjust Detention of Sarah Shourd, Shane Bauer, and Josh Fattal"
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Following the hikers' capture on the Iraqi-Iranian border, a wide range of outside voices, including the
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the release of the hikers turned out to be instrumental in making the clandestine diplomacy to reach
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Iran subsequently claimed the three were spies but offered no evidence to support its contention.
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On September 14, 2010, after more than a year in prison, Sarah Shourd was released on 5 billion
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1639:"Families Release Video Of Hikers Shane Bauer, Joshua Fattal And Sarah Shourd Detained In Iran"
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Their companion, Shon Meckfessel, was not detained, as he stayed behind at the Hotel Miwan in
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335:, graduated from UC Berkeley, worked as co-director of an environmental education center at
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1746:"US hikers will stand trial for espionage, says Iran – Americas, World – The Independent"
1230:"'Holiday 2011?' – Gabriel Gatehouse reports for PM on...your next holiday destination?"
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Iran president: US hikers Shane Bauer and Josh Fattal to be freed 'in a couple of days'
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1459:"U.S. Detainees' Mothers Meet Them in Tehran, Appeal for Release", by Ladane Nasseri
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892:, AP Online. 21 aug 2011. Retrieved 22 aug 2011; Iran's state television website
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reported that Joshua Fattal's Iraqi-born Jewish father, Jacob, had emigrated to
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1361:"US Hikers Were Seized in Iraq: WikiLeaks Document Corroborates Nation Report"
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1862:"It's Time for Iran to Live Up to Its Commitment to Justice and Compassion"
1590:"American hiker charged with spying by Iran will not return to face trial"
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A team of United States Department of State officials, including diplomat
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Once Fattal and Bauer were back on American soil, the Israeli newspaper
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Sarah Emily Shourd, who grew up in Los Angeles, worked in education and
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2026:"Israeli father of released U.S. hiker says his son is 'faring well'"
1776:"Fars News Agency :: Iran: 3 US Citizens Face Espionage Charges"
851:"Iran frees US hiker Sarah Shourd after detaining her on spy charges"
692:
493:
399:
362:, is a freelance photojournalist and journalist who has reported for
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2702:
2504:
Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites
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because of a cold. He had intended to join them the following day.
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700:, and to Josh's mother, Laura, who was born in the United States.
250:
1093:
2951:
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
2172:
1968:"U.S. Hikers Released From Iranian Prison, Flown Out of Country"
1319:"Nora Shourd, mother of hiker imprisoned in Iran on BBC Radio 4"
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713:
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430:
279:
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Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)
2143:
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for crossing into Iran while hiking near the Iranian border in
169:
67:
26:
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On July 31, 2009, Fattal, Shourd, and Bauer were detained by
1993:
Fleishman, Jeffrey; Mosthagim, Ramin (September 21, 2011).
1115:
2322:
Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
682:(about US$ 930,000) bail-for-freedom deal posted by Oman.
2628:
United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
1905:"Sean Penn Worked To Free Jailed American Hikers In Iran"
817:"Iran Says 3 American Hikers Will Be Tried Over Crossing"
2854:
Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
2760:
December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
2099:
1802:"Iran: U.S. Hikers Are Presumed Innocent, Official Says"
1778:. English.farsnews.com. November 9, 2009. Archived from
2287:
Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
1832:"US trio on Iran trespass charge face more accusations"
1503:"US trio on Iran trespass charge face more accusations"
2971:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
2108:: Sarah Shourd Reflects on 14 Months in Iranian Prison
1064:"Two American hikers jailed in Iran wed in California"
781:
Goodman, J. David; Cowell, Alan (September 21, 2011).
3332:
Academic relations between Iran and the United States
2981:
United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
910:"Iran frees jailed US hiker 'spies' Bauer and Fattal"
664:
diplomats to secure the release of Fattal and Bauer.
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Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America
2317:
Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
2056:"The man behind secret US-Iran talks: Sultan Qaboos"
1926:"Philo Dibble, Diplomat and Iran Expert, Dies at 60"
1256:"Eddie Mair, Radio 4, holidaying in Iraqi Kurdistan"
308:, had called for the hikers' unconditional release.
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Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
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2252:
2191:
1708:, MSNBC, reproduced on YouTube; September 18, 2009.
1417:"Freed hikers: Iran held us because we're American"
474:
98:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1882:"Musician Yusuf Islam asks Iran to free US hikers"
1719:"Hiker's family finds hope in Ahmadinejad remarks"
1563:"Iran Relents On Release Of Jailed American Hiker"
1388:
1386:
756:Deportation of the Iranian students at US airports
3039:Iranian Students Association in the United States
947:"Convert Iranian Rials (IRR) to US Dollars (USD)"
783:"American Hikers Leave Iran After Prison Release"
421:, in a private ceremony with friends and family.
2574:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
1434:"Mothers of 3 imprisoned US hikers head to Iran"
878:
876:
107:"2009–2011 detention of American hikers by Iran"
1628:, AP Online. 21 aug 2011. Retrieved 22 aug 2011
1012:"Friends Seek Release Of Jailed Hikers In Iran"
2785:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
2765:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
2735:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports
2623:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq
2312:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
2224:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz
2219:Interests Section of Iran in the United States
972:
970:
968:
398:and other media outlets, using his fluency in
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2931:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act
2155:
507:, released March 18, 2014. They were held in
486:Discussion with Bauer, Fattal, and Shourd on
319:(about US$ 465,000) bail was arranged by the
8:
3053:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans
3049:Organization of Iranian American Communities
1838:. London. Associated Press. August 1, 2010.
1619:"Iran jails US 'hikers' for 8 years: report"
883:"Iran jails US 'hikers' for 8 years: report"
18:2009–11 detention of American hikers by Iran
4221:Category:Foreign nationals detained in Iran
3412:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
2270:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
1641:. WCBS TV. October 27, 2009. Archived from
1313:
1311:
844:
842:
293:Iraq-Iran border, the Ahmed Awa waterfall.
61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3921:
3831:
3751:
3558:
3546:List of foreign nationals detained in Iran
3537:
3523:
3515:
3407:United States involvement in regime change
3392:Opposition to military action against Iran
2956:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
2797:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
2162:
2148:
2140:
751:List of foreign nationals detained in Iran
199:. Please do not remove this message until
2750:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
2484:International Maritime Security Construct
1914:, The Huffington Post, November 26, 2011.
1530:
1528:
1476:"Mothers' appeal for hikers held in Iran"
1116:"Why is Iran holding anti-war activists?"
776:
774:
772:
770:
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
3377:International Conference on Hollywoodism
2595:America can't do a damn thing against us
2214:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran
2204:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
2131:PEN 2013 Event: Literature: Lock and Key
1588:David Batty and agencies (May 5, 2011).
195:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3092:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
2036:from the original on September 28, 2011
2005:from the original on September 21, 2011
1974:from the original on September 21, 2011
1808:. Associated Press. February 17, 2010.
1513:from the original on September 15, 2010
986:"Freed U.S. Hiker Reunites With Mother"
953:from the original on September 20, 2011
920:from the original on September 21, 2011
861:from the original on September 15, 2010
810:
808:
766:
298:Secretary-General of the United Nations
3087:National Council of Resistance of Iran
2244:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group
2066:from the original on December 24, 2018
1957:today.msnbc.msn.com September 15, 2011
1812:from the original on February 25, 2010
1436:. Yahoo!. May 17, 2010. Archived from
1236:from the original on November 29, 2010
1206:from the original on February 16, 2017
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939:
937:
935:
471:
4271:People convicted of espionage in Iran
3434:American Institute of Iranian Studies
3013:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity
2792:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape
1936:from the original on October 23, 2011
1262:from the original on October 24, 2010
1018:from the original on October 13, 2018
904:
902:
900:
898:
696:brother, Alex, a doctoral student at
331:Joshua "Josh" Fattal, who grew up in
7:
2872:United States sanctions against Iran
2665:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
2660:United States diplomatic cables leak
2209:Embassy of the United States, Tehran
1744:Usborne, David (November 10, 2009).
1371:from the original on August 17, 2022
1296:from the original on August 26, 2010
1122:from the original on August 19, 2010
1010:Gonzales, Richard (August 4, 2009).
346:University of California at Berkeley
96:adding citations to reliable sources
2613:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
1924:Hevesi, Dennis (October 13, 2011).
1871:. The Huffington Post, May 8, 2011.
1842:from the original on August 8, 2010
1542:from the original on March 11, 2015
1536:"U.S. hikers get 8 years in prison"
1356:from the original on June 29, 2010.
671:Shafiei said the bail of 5 billion
4276:Foreign nationals detained in Iran
4266:American people imprisoned in Iran
3382:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
3244:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
2452:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
2327:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
2234:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal
2024:Zuta, Rutie (September 27, 2011).
1725:from the original on July 22, 2010
1695:Interview with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
1664:Locke, Michelle (August 2, 2009).
1482:from the original on July 24, 2010
1325:from the original on July 25, 2010
827:from the original on June 18, 2011
25:
3067:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
3044:National Iranian American Council
3007:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran
2966:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act
2807:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
2199:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.
1600:from the original on May 10, 2011
1561:Associated, The (July 31, 2009).
1501:Black, Ian (September 14, 2010).
1359:Sarfaraz, Babak (July 12, 2010).
1344:Sarfaraz, Babak (June 23, 2010).
849:Black, Ian (September 14, 2010).
815:Healy, Jack (December 16, 2009).
793:from the original on May 29, 2023
42:This article has multiple issues.
4216:
4215:
3501:
3500:
3304:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees
2618:Disappearance of Robert Levinson
2489:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
2479:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
2474:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
2181:
2171:
1970:. Fox News. September 21, 2011.
1394:"Statement on Missing US Hikers"
480:
174:
72:
31:
3342:Anti-American sentiment in Iran
2822:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
2802:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
2745:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
2462:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
1346:"US Hikers Were Seized in Iraq"
1142:"Full Letter From Anna Baltzer"
708:As early as 2009, according to
83:needs additional citations for
50:or discuss these issues on the
2941:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act
2740:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
2725:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
2385:United States support for Iraq
2229:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
1668:. News.aol.com. Archived from
1168:"Full Letter from Dahr Jamail"
1:
3602:Nosratollah Khosravi-Roodsari
2812:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident
383:The Christian Science Monitor
304:, and the human rights group
4256:Iran–United States relations
3733:Afshin Sheikholeslami Vatani
2936:Iran Freedom and Support Act
2921:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
2655:Detention of American hikers
2579:1980 October Surprise theory
2178:Iran–United States relations
1995:"Iran frees American hikers"
1284:Black, Ian (July 22, 2010).
451:In June 2010, an article in
258:, where the hikers were held
3057:United Against Nuclear Iran
2633:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
1910:September 16, 2016, at the
1721:. CNN. September 24, 2009.
1666:"Missing Americans in Iran"
648:Release of Fattal and Bauer
278:were taken into custody by
201:conditions to do so are met
4292:
4261:Presidency of Barack Obama
3772:Abdolrasoul Dorri-Esfahani
3489:Not for the Faint of Heart
3464:Saint Peter Church, Tehran
3439:American School of Isfahan
3402:State Sponsor of Terrorism
2976:Dames & Moore v. Regan
2817:2022 Erbil missile attacks
2509:Operation Martyr Soleimani
2499:Thirteen revenge scenarios
2469:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
2118:. Outside Online. May 2010
1887:December 14, 2014, at the
737:
4212:
3887:Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe
3877:Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht
3498:
3327:1998 FIFA World Cup match
2926:Iran Nonproliferation Act
2877:Maximum pressure campaign
2775:2021 Erbil rocket attacks
2060:Christian Science Monitor
1399:January 11, 2012, at the
520:represents U.S. interests
479:
333:Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
3444:Community School, Tehran
3204:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
3082:National Council of Iran
3077:Kingdom Assembly of Iran
2996:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
2755:2019 K-1 Air Base attack
2670:Strait of Hormuz dispute
2603:Beirut barracks bombings
2559:Operation Credible Sport
2435:Operation Praying Mantis
2275:1953 Iranian coup d'état
1752:. London. Archived from
1538:. CNN. August 20, 2010.
574:Iranian judicial process
566:Their Iranian attorney,
516:Swiss consular officials
262:On July 31, 2009, three
3597:Moorhead C. Kennedy Jr.
2946:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment
2693:Nuclear program of Iran
2430:Operation Nimble Archer
2415:Operation Eager Glacier
2116:"A Mountain of Trouble"
1867:April 30, 2017, at the
726:Iran's June elections.
723:nuclear program of Iran
587:Mohammad Javad Larijani
534:Release of Sarah Shourd
389:San Francisco Chronicle
360:San Leandro, California
256:Evin House of Detention
3469:Tehran American School
3352:CIA activities in Iran
3022:Groups and individuals
3001:Certain Iranian Assets
2991:United States v. Banki
2730:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou
2514:2020 Camp Taji attacks
2425:Operation Prime Chance
2420:Operation Earnest Will
2280:Abadan Crisis Timeline
1880:The Associated Press.
1624:March 5, 2016, at the
984:(September 14, 2010).
949:. Exchange-Rates.org.
916:. September 21, 2011.
888:March 5, 2016, at the
354:, who grew up both in
259:
4113:Olivier Vandecasteele
3387:Iranian frozen assets
3209:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan
2916:Executive Order 13876
2911:Executive Order 13780
2894:Executive Order 13769
2889:Executive Order 12172
2884:Executive Order 12170
2849:Tower 22 drone attack
2608:Khobar Towers bombing
2554:Guadeloupe Conference
2133:with Shane Bauer and
2062:. November 24, 2013.
1700:July 2, 2016, at the
1569:on September 14, 2010
1565:. NPR. Archived from
579:President Ahmadinejad
306:Amnesty International
254:
3777:Hamid Ghassemi-Shall
3309:Abdul Majid Muhammed
3034:Iran–America Society
2780:2021 Natanz incident
2770:2020 Iran explosions
2564:Operation Eagle Claw
2526:Incidents after 1979
2337:Joint Plan of Action
2265:Persian Gulf Command
1756:on November 13, 2009
1423:, September 26, 2010
735:is about the event.
92:improve this article
4077:Kylie Moore-Gilbert
3357:Copyright relations
2688:2016 Naval incident
2544:Iran hostage crisis
2395:Iran Air Flight 655
2307:Island of Stability
2239:Iranian Directorate
1038:"About Shane Bauer"
740:Iran–Oman relations
656:, coordinated with
188:of this article is
3852:Iason Athanasiadis
3797:Kavous Seyed-Emami
3767:Hossein Derakhshan
3697:Matthew Trevithick
3454:Iran Bethel School
3429:Alborz High School
3264:Abdolreza Shahlaei
3239:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh
3224:Mohammad Mosaddegh
3199:Amir Mirza Hekmati
3189:Mahmoud Reza Banki
3139:Erwin David Rabhan
3104:Howard Baskerville
2986:Oil Platforms case
2961:Public Law 113-100
2638:2008 Naval dispute
2539:Iranian Revolution
2405:Iran–Contra affair
2390:Bridgeton incident
1930:The New York Times
1806:The New York Times
1407:, August 17, 2009.
1392:Meckfessel, Shon.
821:The New York Times
787:The New York Times
698:Harvard University
260:
4228:
4227:
4187:Bridget Thackwray
4006:Ahmad Reza Jalali
3982:
3981:
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3792:Ramin Jahanbegloo
3741:
3740:
3692:Victor L. Tomseth
3512:
3511:
3214:Mohammad Hosseini
3109:William J. Fallon
3029:Iran Action Group
2844:2024 Erbil attack
2650:Project Cassandra
2410:Operation Staunch
2297:Project Dark Gene
2110:(video interview)
1999:Los Angeles Times
1895:, April 27, 2011.
1893:The Seattle Times
1672:on August 5, 2009
1645:on April 26, 2010
1216:National Archives
1202:. July 30, 2010.
732:A Sliver of Light
597:Calls for release
504:A Sliver of Light
499:
498:
488:A Sliver of Light
395:Los Angeles Times
356:Onamia, Minnesota
247:
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4039:Jamshid Sharmahd
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3872:Ghoncheh Ghavami
3847:Anoosheh Ashoori
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3579:Haleh Esfandiari
3559:
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3459:Iranzamin School
3449:Damavand College
3422:Alavi Foundation
3417:650 Fifth Avenue
3367:Dual containment
3362:Death to America
3274:Masoud Soleimani
3194:Haleh Esfandiari
3159:Michael R. White
2904:Trump travel ban
2708:Operation Merlin
2447:Yemeni Civil War
2442:Syrian civil war
2292:Exercise Delawar
2260:Persian Corridor
2192:Diplomatic posts
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2113:Hammer, Joshua.
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1096:on July 19, 2010
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3174:Saeid Aboutaleb
3154:Craig Wadsworth
3129:Stephen D. Mull
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2713:Charming Kitten
2675:RQ-170 incident
2643:Filipino Monkey
2589:Algiers Accords
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415:Half Moon Bay
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109: –
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103:Find sources:
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81:This article
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62:
55:
54:
49:
48:
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38:
29:
28:
19:
4251:2011 in Iran
4246:2010 in Iran
4241:2009 in Iran
4214:
4029:Helmut Hofer
3974:Ruhollah Zam
3943:Nazak Afshar
3931:Louis Arnaud
3862:Abbas Edalat
3857:Roger Cooper
3787:Zahra Kazemi
3782:Homa Hoodfar
3682:Morad Tahbaz
3677:Sarah Shourd
3647:David Rabhan
3617:John Limbert
3592:Amir Hekmati
3583:
3487:
3480:
3347:Axis of evil
3279:Morad Tahbaz
3249:Noor Pahlavi
3149:Scott Ritter
3005:
2832:
2828:
2681:
2654:
2593:
2584:Negotiations
2332:Negotiations
2120:. Retrieved
2105:
2068:. Retrieved
2059:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2029:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
1998:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1962:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1929:
1919:
1900:
1892:
1876:
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1836:The Observer
1835:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1749:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1713:
1705:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1643:the original
1633:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1594:The Guardian
1593:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:the original
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1515:. Retrieved
1507:The Guardian
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1470:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1438:the original
1428:
1412:
1404:
1373:. Retrieved
1364:
1349:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1298:. Retrieved
1290:The Guardian
1289:
1264:. Retrieved
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1224:
1214:– via
1208:. Retrieved
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3299:Nizar Zakka
3269:Ali Shakeri
3254:Trita Parsi
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2864:Legislation
2827:Seizure of
2302:Safari Club
2135:Laura Secor
2122:November 1,
2100:Shane Bauer
2094:Josh Fattal
1940:October 25,
729:The memoir
638:Yusuf Islam
618:Tom Morello
548:breast lump
509:Evin Prison
352:Shane Bauer
302:Ban Ki-moon
276:Shane Bauer
4235:Categories
4072:Jolie King
3903:Aras Amiri
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3294:Xiyue Wang
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1596:. London.
1509:. London.
1405:The Nation
1365:The Nation
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762:References
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454:The Nation
419:California
377:The Nation
327:Background
186:neutrality
118:newspapers
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