946:, became "parking lots" as the storms neared. Residents reported the highways to be a scene of chaos, "people were going southbound in the northbound lanes. Everybody was running for their lives." It has been suggested that the evacuation was partially caused by a controversial call to action on-air by KFOR-TV chief meteorologist Mike Morgan, who suggested on-air during coverage of the storm – as the tornado was projected to track into Oklahoma City – that residents without underground storm shelters or safe rooms get into their cars and evacuate south of the track. This advice was contrary to the recommended plan to go to an interior room, bathtub or closet with no windows if no basement or other underground shelter is available. These locations are typically much safer than an automobile in tornadic winds. Dr. Jeff Masters of
761:-based analysis of how the tornado impacted these teams revealed that they were hit by an intense internal sub-vortex. This analysis showed that both the Weather Channel and TWISTEX vehicles entered the tornado through the less intense north/northwestern side, then were impacted by the internal sub-vortex, which contained radar-indicated winds approaching 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) and was moving in a complex quasi-trochoidal pattern, sometimes nearly stationary, sometimes with forward speeds over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Entering the larger tornadic circulation without the ability to maintain situational awareness of the internal sub-vortex was likely a key contributing factor to the deaths and injuries.
754:, a vehicle designed for intercepting tornadoes, was torn off by lines that were down from the tornado. Storm chaser Dan Robinson received injuries after being enveloped within the outskirts of the tornadic circulation. He escaped a few hundred meters ahead of the TWISTEX crew on Reuter Road and is believed to be the last person to see the car occupied by Samaras, his son Paul and Young. Just behind the TWISTEX crew, a tour group led by storm chasers Randy Walton and Mike Phelps followed immediately behind both TWISTEX and Robinson's vehicles on Reuter Road, however the group turned around just as the tornado began crossing the road ahead and escaped without being impacted.
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completely destroyed. Several other rural homes were destroyed, and large amounts of gravel was blown off of gravel roads in the area, with only the dirt underneath left at some locations. Several large metal electrical transmission poles were downed, trees were snapped and defoliated, and multiple vehicles were tossed from roadways in the area. At least 29 buildings and 40 vehicles were damaged or destroyed by the tornado, with repairs in the El Reno area expected to take at least a year.
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633:(298 km/h). Radar-estimated EF5 winds were only found aloft and in the smaller vortices that revolved around this funnel at 110 mph (180 km/h). A revised analysis in 2015 revealed a peak wind of 313 mph (504 km/h). In March 2024, NOAA and OU published a new analysis, which estimated that winds may have reached up to anywhere between 115–150 m/s (257–336 mph; 414–540 km/h).
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277:-based analysis of how the tornado impacted these teams revealed that they were hit by an intense internal sub-vortex. Overall, the tornado was responsible for eight fatalities and 151 injuries. Due to the ferocity and sheer size, as well as its irregular movement and the deaths linked with this tornado, it has become one of the most studied and infamous tornadoes ever. The
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that would support a rating higher than EF3. While the wind measurements from the mobile radars are considered reliable, NWS policy for determining EF-ratings is based on surveys of ground damage." The lack of EF5 damage was likely a result of the rural nature of the area, as the sub-vortices that contained the EF5 wind speeds did not impact any structures.
734:, was also caught in the storm. His sport utility vehicle was severely damaged, having been thrown about 200 yards (180 m); the driver was left with a broken neck, fractured vertebrae, and several broken ribs while Bettes and the other passenger sustained minor injuries. Meteorologist Emily Sutton and storm chaser Kevin Josefy of Oklahoma City
742:(channel 4) were also caught in the path of the storm; their vehicle was damaged by debris hurled by the tornado. University of Oklahoma student Billy Prater, along with his father and a friend, sought refuge under an overpass (an action strongly discouraged in these situations) when the tornado changed direction. Near
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does not currently implement wind speed estimates into its official tornado ratings, so while the winds align with the "EF5" category of the
Enhanced Fujita scale, damage surveys took precedence. As a result, while the wind estimates are considered reliable by the NWS, the tornado ultimately received
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Since the tornado remained over mostly open terrain, damage was relatively light – although still significant in isolated locations – in comparison to its extreme intensity. Surveys from the
National Weather Service revealed that structures in its path sustained EF3-level damage at most. The Oklahoma
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attempted to outrun the storm by taking to the roads in an attempt to drive out of the tornado's projected path. By attempting to escape the storm by vehicle, in direct contrast to the recommended plan of action, residents put themselves at great risk from the storm; had the tornado maintained itself
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The tornado's unusual behavior consisted of these simultaneous occurrences: abrupt changes in direction, rapid enlargement to a width of 2.6 mi (4.2 km) in diameter in about 30 seconds, swift increase in forward motion from about 20 to 55 mph (32 to 89 km/h) within a few minutes,
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Rick Smith, the warning coordination meteorologist at the
National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, stated that this tornado was among a "super-rare" category within the EF5 rating. Smith also stated that it was fortunate the tornado did not track into more densely populated areas,
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also formed southeast of the primary tornado at approximately 6:28 pm CDT (2328 UTC), and remained on the ground for 15 minutes before lifting at 6:43 (2343 UTC). Such companion tornadoes tend to be observed with especially large and intense tornadoes, although this was the first
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On August 30, the
National Weather Service office in Norman once again revised the intensity of the El Reno tornado. Keli Pirtle, a Public Affairs worker at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, stated that, "despite the radar-measured wind speeds, the survey team did not find damage
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along the south side of the main vortex. The two most intense vortices occurred north and east of the intersection of 10th Street and Radio Road, about 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of El Reno. The main funnel is believed to have had radar-estimated EF4 winds, with wind speeds around 185 mph
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speeds of 45–55 kn (52–63 mph) would enhance storm organization and intensity. These factors, along with CAPE values in excess of 4000 J/kg and an embedded speed maxima rotating around the southern periphery of the low, made the threat of significant severe thunderstorms increasingly
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prop blade was thrown 100 yards (91 m) into the side of a daycare building on the property. Damage totals at that location alone were estimated at up to $ 40 million. One farmstead, consisting of a large barn, a cattle barn, three machine sheds, granaries and the owner's home, was also
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indicated that it may have been 4.3 mi (6.9 km) wide. The 1946 Timber Lake, South Dakota tornado was documented by the United States
Weather Bureau to have been 4 mi (6.4 km) wide, but it occurred outside the National Weather Service's timeframe for "reliable records", which
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data and the project is intended to eventually expand to a standardized open access database covering future events. In association with the project, software was unveiled in 2015 allowing for the synchronization of maps, radar data, and storm chasers' footage of the storm. The tool was named
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outer circulation without a full condensation funnel while being surrounded and obscured by precipitation made it a worst-case scenario for storm chasers. Several professional and amateur chasers were caught off guard and impacted by the tornado. Many were located in a region northeast of the
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by the storm's sub-vortex, while Tim was still buckled in the passenger's seat. Local resident
Richard Henderson, who decided to follow the storm, lost his life in that same area. He snapped a picture of the tornado from his cellular phone before it struck him. Other chasers, including
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Revised RaXPol analysis found winds of 302 ± 34 mph (486 ± 55 km/h) well above ground level and ≥291 mph (468 km/h) below 10 m (33 ft), with some subvortices moving at 175 mph (282 km/h). The strongest winds occurred in small
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mobile
Doppler weather radar, positioned at a nearby overpass, measured winds preliminarily analyzed as in excess of 296 mph (476 km/h). These winds are considered the second-highest ever measured worldwide, just shy of the 321 mph (517 km/h) recorded during the
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was already in place for the affected areas, allowing residents to quickly obtain emergency assistance. Residents left homeless were provided with temporary housing constructed from shipping containers. Each container was fitted with a kitchen, bedroom, living room, and bathroom.
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ever recorded in the United States. At 6:28 p.m. CDT (2328 UTC), the storm began moving into more densely populated areas of
Canadian County while maintaining its intensity. This prompted the National Weather Service office in Norman to issue a
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Senior Vice
President Mike Smith urged against overreacting to their deaths, citing that they were the first chasers to be killed in 40 years of the practice and that chasing as a whole is a significant source of real-time and research information.
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In the wake of the storm chaser deaths, Kansas
Emergency Management Association president Brian Stone called for there to be regulations put on future storm chasing; however, he stated that there are questions as to how it would actually be implemented.
582:, in concluding a tornado's intensity. Initially receiving an official EF3 rating based on damage, the El Reno tornado was subsequently upgraded to a radar-estimated EF5 rating, the highest on the scale, based on data from a mobile radar. The
503:. The tornado ultimately attained EF3 intensity during its existence, according to ground surveys. As the tornado passed south of El Reno across U.S. 81, it grew to an unprecedented width of 2.6 miles (4.2 km), becoming the
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at around 6:42 p.m. CDT (2342 UTC). Shortly thereafter, the tornado lifted off the ground as it neared Banner Road. Overall, the tornado was on the ground for 40 minutes along a 16.2-mile (26.1 km) path.
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in the trunk likened by one TWISTEX chaser to a "pizza delivery car", making it much less suited to high winds and rain-slicked backcountry dirt roads. It was also underpowered, which hampered their escape in the strong
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City West Livestock Market was described as a "war zone," sustaining extensive damage. Several large steel-frame warehouse type buildings were destroyed at that location. Multiple large brick buildings at the nearby
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In the case of El Reno, the wrapping rain bands did not lead to a narrow corridor of clear air close to the tornado. Rather, these rotating curtains of rain were the outer circulation of the tornado itself. Former
850:. Anton Seimon, one of the tool's architects, said that while the tool had only been used in relation to the El Reno tornado, it could potentially be applied to future tornadoes with sufficient footage as well.
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tornado, known as the "bear's cage". Chasers can generally get a clear view of the tornado from that area; however, it places them at great risk and with little time to react should the storm take a left turn.
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528:, and eastern El Reno, as the tornado was projected to track toward western portions of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Within minutes, the tornado turned northeast and soon passed directly over
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237:, the tornado dissipated around 6:43 p.m. CDT (2343 UTC), after tracking for 16.2 miles (26.1 km), it avoided affecting the more densely populated areas near and within the
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revealed extreme winds in excess of 313 mph (504 km/h) within the vortex. These are among the highest observed wind speeds on Earth, just slightly lower than the wind speeds of the
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logs, to piece together precisely what happened. It is, as of February 2014, the largest such visual data set ever collected on a tornado. The chaser information is compiled with radar and
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As the tornadoes approached the Oklahoma City metro, thousands of residents decided to leave the area for safety, possibly due to the still fresh memories of the devastation caused by the
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particularly those within the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, "this would have been … I don't even want to imagine what it would have been." William Hooke, a senior policy fellow at the
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winds. Tim's body was found still buckled in the passenger's seat. They were the first known tornado-related deaths of either recreational storm chasers or scientific researchers.
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404:. The most intense severe weather activity was expected across the southern Great Plains, specifically central and eastern Oklahoma, during the afternoon hours. As such, the
746:, debris from a barn destroyed by the tornado struck the vehicle of Brandon Sullivan and Brett Wright, breaking their windshield; they escaped without injury. The hood of
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A team of scientists and veteran chasers embarked on a crowd-sourcing survey project to gather storm chaser information, including video and photographic recordings and
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248:. Although the tornado remained over mostly open terrain, dozens of storm chasers unaware of its immense size and erratic movement were caught off-guard. Near U.S. 81,
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a rating of "EF3" based on a damage survey (in the weeks before this, it was considered an "EF5"). The wind speeds that produced the EF3 damage were not disclosed.
910:, and Mercy Hospital in El Reno, reported receiving at least 115 injured, including five critical patients. Overall, 151 injuries were attributed to the tornado.
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corridor west of Oklahoma City between 4:00 and 4:45 p.m. CDT, and rapidly reached severe intensity. At 5:33 p.m. CDT (2233 UTC), the
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On June 2, dozens of members of the storm chasing and spotting communities coordinated a tribute to Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras, and Carl Young. Using
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to rate and assess tornado intensity based on the damage left behind. This excludes the use of supplementary measurements, such as those from mobile
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Overall, eight people lost their lives as a result of the tornado, all of whom were killed in vehicles. Local hospitals in Oklahoma City, including
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1094:"Comparison of Tornado Damage Characteristics to Low-Altitude WSR-88D Radar Observations and Implications for Tornado Intensity Estimation"
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project, were caught directly by the tornado; all three died in their vehicle, two of them were ejected. Normally, Tim drove a reinforced
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to southwestern Oklahoma. The degree of wind shear, moisture and instability within the warm sector favored the development of discrete
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stated that had the tornado tracked directly over one of the congested highways, the death toll could have easily exceeded 500.
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256:, along with his son Paul and research partner Carl Young, died in the tornado. Paul Samaras and Young were ejected from their
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stated that, " dodged a bullet...You lay that path over Oklahoma City, and you have devastation of biblical proportions."
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The tornado killed four storm chasers (three professional and one amateur), the first known deaths in the history of
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that produced dozens of tornadoes over the preceding days. The tornado initially touched down at 6:03 p.m.
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217:. Remaining over mostly open terrain, the tornado did not impact many structures; however, measurements from mobile
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830:, for its featured cover story, paid tribute to Tim Samaras, a National Geographic Explorer funded in part by the
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View of the tornado from the southeast at 6:28 p.m. CDT (2328 UTC) as it was nearing peak strength
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408:(SPC) issued a moderate risk of severe thunderstorms during the early morning hours of May 31 from southeastern
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3027:; N. T. Atkins; K. M. Butler; H. B. Bluestein; K. Thiem; J. C. Snyder; J. Houser; K. Kosiba; J. Wurman (2016).
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and tornadoes were expected with the supercells, with the possibility of a few strong to violent tornadoes.
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near the intersection of Reuter and South Radio Roads, almost 5 mi (8.0 km) southeast of El Reno.
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Satellite image of the Oklahoma City area on June 2 displaying the ground scar left behind by the tornado.
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3013:"Preliminary Results from the ROTATE-2013 (Radar Observations of Tornadoes and Thunderstorms) experiment"
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1935:"Some Considerations for the Use of High-Resolution Mobile Radar Data in Tornado Intensity Determination"
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461:) of the series of supercell thunderstorms that impacted the Oklahoma City metropolitan area on May 31.
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2404:"'Duck down!' Daredevil storm chasers get too close to tornado, struck by debris from destroyed barn"
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683:(an engineer), his son Paul Samaras (a photographer), and Tim's longtime chase partner Carl Young (a
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and portions of southern Oklahoma City eleven days earlier on May 20. The November 2013 issue of
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2197:"Colorado storm chaser Tim Samaras killed in Oklahoma tornado along with son, longtime partner"
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Storm spotter tribute to Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras, and Carl Young across the Plains on June 2.
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2433:"The Weather Channel's "Tornado Hunt 2013" vehicle flips over while chasing May 31 tornadoes"
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May 31, 2013 EF5 El Reno Tornado Showing Multiple Funnels/Sub Vortices Filmed from Dominator
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toured damaged areas of El Reno. Due to the tornadoes that occurred previously on May 20, a
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protection and stability in high winds; however, on May 31, Carl was driving an unmodified
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1643:"Low-Level Winds in Tornadoes and Potential Catastrophic Tornado Impacts in Urban Areas"
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1788:"The Role of Multiple-Vortex Tornado Structure in Causing Storm Researcher Fatalities"
1285:"The Role of Multiple-Vortex Tornado Structure in Causing Storm Researcher Fatalities"
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referred to the tornado as "the most dangerous tornado in storm observing history."
2358:"Emily Sutton, photographer Kevin Josefy have very close call with El Reno tornado"
1894:"A Multiscale Overview of the el Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell of 31 May 2013"
1217:"The storm chaser dilemma and choice to sit out the May 31 Oklahoma City tornadoes"
1146:"A Multiscale Overview of the el Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell of 31 May 2013"
1050:"A Multiscale Overview of the El Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell of 31 May 2013"
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The supercell thunderstorm which produced the El Reno tornado as viewed from above.
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3029:"Aerial Damage Survey of the 2013 El Reno Tornado Combined with Mobile Radar Data"
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2169:"Storm chasers' deaths in Oklahoma tornado prompt questions, calls for regulation"
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and passed over the congested freeways, more than 500 lives could have been lost.
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1738:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 4, 2013. Archived from
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This article is about record-breaking EF3 tornado in 2013. For other uses, see
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The intensity of the tornado has been a subject of internal debate within the
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extending from western Oklahoma southward into western north and west-central
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1959:
1918:
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1245:"Oklahoma storms: Amateur storm chaser took photo of tornado that killed him"
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Lyza, Anthony W.; Flournoy, Matthew D.; Alford, A. Addison (March 19, 2024).
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for many hours. The Discovery Channel scheduled a special tribute episode of
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1504:(Report). Norman, Oklahoma: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2639:"Oklahoma Campus, Ravaged by a Tornado, Draws Attention to Storm Shelters"
2501:"'Stormchasers' tribute episode to honor stars killed in Oklahoma tornado"
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Bluestein, Howard B.; Snyder, Jeffrey C.; Houser, Jana B. (June 1, 2015).
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extending from the low from the eastern Dakotas southwestward to western
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Joshua Wurman; C. Alexander; P. Robinson; Y. Richardson (January 2007).
1331:"Historic El Reno, OK tornado is downgraded by National Weather Service"
794:, they aligned themselves to spell out the initials of the three men in
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Storms of the Great Plains: the El Reno, Oklahoma tornado, May 31, 2013
2917:"Body of 4-year-old boy found in river after Oklahoma tornado outbreak"
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341:. With a broad influence of moderately strong cyclonic flow aloft, the
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Doppler Radar – El Reno / Union City Oklahoma EF5 Tornado May 31, 2013
2297:"The day that should change tornado actions and storm chasing forever"
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on June 5, both honoring the three chasers and covering the events of
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Though the El Reno tornado officially ranks as the widest on record,
834:, and featured a detailed scientific analysis of the tornado itself.
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during the early evening of Friday, May 31, 2013. This rain-wrapped,
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2040:"El Reno, Oklahoma Tornado Believed To Be Widest Twister On Record"
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A destroyed home about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of U.S. Route 81.
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area moved east-northeastward, with a lead upper low pivoting over
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Bluestein, Howard B.; Snyder, Jeffrey C.; Houser, Jana B. (2015).
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Bluestein, Howard B.; Snyder, Jeffrey C.; Houser, Jana B. (2015).
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formed and touched down, initially in the form of several smaller
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A quasi-linear complex of thunderstorms began developing near the
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233:. Turning northeastward, the tornado soon weakened. Upon crossing
2943:"As tornadoes neared, drivers hit the road – with deadly results"
1473:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1396:"A Night of Tornado Chaos in Oklahoma City: 9 Killed, 71 Injured"
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Joshua Wurman; Karen Kosiba; Paul Robinson; Tim Marshall (2014).
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from southwestern through northeastern Oklahoma, surrounding the
2860:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 10, 2013
2745:"El Reno Mayor Foresees Long Road To Recovery After May Tornado"
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1863:"Largest Tornado on Record: the May 31 El Reno, OK EF-5 Tornado"
967:– tornado that impacted areas near El Reno about two years prior
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1372:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 1, 2013
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1366:"Central Oklahoma Tornadoes and Flash Flooding – May 31, 2013"
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documented multiple-vortex anticyclonic tornado of this kind.
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At 6:03 p.m. CDT (2303 UTC), a large tornadic
1772:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet NWS Product Archive.
1568:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet NWS Product Archive.
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10.1175/1520-0493(1946)074<0073:SLSFA>2.0.CO;2
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Satellite imagery of the storm system responsible for the
2612:"El Reno tornado is 'super rare' national record-breaker"
2558:"El Reno Survey – A Survey of the tornado of 31 May 2013"
1987:"El Reno tornado is 'super rare' national record-breaker"
1764:. National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma. May 31, 2013
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Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch 262
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in El Reno for victims of the storm. The following day,
2828:"El Reno tornado victims get unusual temporary housing"
2109:"Why was El Reno, Oklahoma tornado downgraded to EF-3?"
273:, were either injured or had their vehicles damaged. A
2381:"Amateur storm chaser survives tornado under overpass"
2014:"El Reno, Union City tornado widest tornado on record"
1786:; K. Kosiba; P. Robinson; T. Marshall (January 2014).
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multiple vortices within and around, and an expansive
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A minute-by-minute timeline of the tornado's position.
2475:"Storm Chasing Community Pays Tribute To Tim Samaras"
1834:"NWS releases statement about El Reno tornado rating"
1610:"The Last Ride of Legendary Storm Chaser Tim Samaras"
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on May 20. Already congested with rush hour traffic,
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were heavily damaged or destroyed, and a large metal
3019:. Breckenridge, CO: American Meteorological Society.
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2261:"3 veteran storm chasers killed by Oklahoma tornado"
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List of tornadoes with confirmed satellite tornadoes
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National Weather Service Office in Norman, Oklahoma
209:) about 8.3 miles (13.4 km) west-southwest of
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2135:"Storm Chasing Critical, Profitable and Dangerous"
1295:(1). BAMS American Meteorological Society: 31–45.
388:likely. These ingredients were present ahead of a
309:, 2013 tornado outbreak at 6:10 p.m. CDT
2985:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2228:"Legendary Tornado Chaser Tim Samaras' Last Ride"
1360:
1358:
1356:
566:Video of several sub-vortices within the tornado.
16:Widest and second-strongest tornado ever recorded
2718:"OK Insurance Commissioner Tours El Reno Damage"
2581:"Look Inside Largest Tornado Ever With New Tool"
2259:Kelly B. Kissel; Thomas Peipert (June 3, 2013).
1434:"May 31, 2013 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook"
1278:
1276:
1087:
1085:
313:On May 31, 2013, a prominent mid-to-upper level
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2880:"12 Dead in Aftermath of Destructive Tornadoes"
2704:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2086:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1993:. Norman, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Publishing Company
1793:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1648:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1444:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1289:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1215:Ian Livingston; Mark Ellinwood (June 3, 2013).
1108:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1043:
1041:
1039:
572:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2107:Greg Forbes; Matt Daniel (September 5, 2013).
1980:
1978:
1540:Iowa Environmental Mesonet NWS Product Archive
846:"Tornado Environment Display" (TED) after Dr.
178:was an extremely large, powerful, and erratic
3110:
2076:"Storm Events Database: May 31, 2013 Tornado"
1856:
1854:
1389:
1387:
499:, 8.3 miles (13.4 km) west-southwest of
427:(CDT) early that afternoon, the SPC issued a
8:
2776:"Red Cross Opens Shelters For Storm Victims"
2133:Sean Murphy; Solleen Slevin (June 3, 2013).
1827:
1825:
1762:"Special Weather Statement: Tornado Warning"
1580:"Special Weather Statement: Tornado Warning"
960:Tornado outbreak sequence of May 21–26, 2011
28:
3238:2013 natural disasters in the United States
2610:Bryan Painter; Silas Allen (June 4, 2013).
2327:"Weather Channel vehicle tossed by tornado"
2290:
2288:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2143:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Associated Press
1603:
1601:
687:), all professional storm chasers with the
367:values had ranged from the upper 60s °
333:moved east-northeastward over the southern
68:May 31, 2013, 6:43 pm. CDT (UTC–05:00)
3117:
3103:
3095:
2479:San Francisco Chronicle (Business Insider)
1586:. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. May 31, 2013
1554:"Special Weather Statement: Tornado Watch"
1524:"Special Weather Statement: Tornado Watch"
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
34:
27:
2356:A. Edwards; Emily Sutton (May 31, 2013).
1958:
1917:
1813:
1736:National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma
1726:
1724:
1712:
1672:
1528:National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma
1370:National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma
1308:
1169:
1065:
2579:Howard, Brian Clark (December 4, 2015).
1558:National Weather Service Tulsa, Oklahoma
2854:"Annual U.S. Killer Tornado Statistics"
2804:. KOKH-TV. June 2, 2013. Archived from
2778:. KOKH-TV. June 1, 2013. Archived from
2720:. KOKH-TV. June 3, 2013. Archived from
1035:
995:
993:
989:
1186:"The May 31, 2013 El Reno, OK Tornado"
2226:Brantley Hargrove (August 29, 2013).
1933:Jeff Snyder; H. B. Bluestein (2014).
1869:. The Weather Company. Archived from
1608:Brantley Hargrove (August 29, 2013).
7:
3258:May 2013 events in the United States
1689:"Severe Local Storms for April 1946"
1190:National Weather Service, Norman, OK
814:Mile Wide Tornado: Oklahoma Disaster
3011:; Kosiba, K. (September 16, 2013).
288:traffic, thousands of residents in
166:tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013
154:; especially areas to the south of
2052:. Associated Press. Archived from
1732:"Update On May 31 El Reno Tornado"
1329:Mark Johnson (September 1, 2013).
182:that occurred over rural areas of
14:
2454:Walton, Randy (January 7, 2017).
908:INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center
869:Canadian Valley Technology Center
657:The crushed remains of TWISTEX's
56:May 31, 2013, 6:03 pm. CDT (
2923:. Associated Press. June 2, 2013
2637:Manny Fernandez (June 2, 2013).
1832:Nate Johnson (August 31, 2013).
1261:from the original on May 3, 2022
613:
602:
429:Particularly Dangerous Situation
105:>155 mph (249 km/h)
3072:El Reno OK Tornado with SN Dots
3017:36th Conf. on Radar Meteorology
2671:. June 13, 2013. Archived from
2526:Robert Draper (November 2013).
2499:Chiderah Monde (June 4, 2013).
1657:American Meteorological Society
1618:. Dallas, Texas. Archived from
1116:American Meteorological Society
639:American Meteorological Society
593:1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado
239:Oklahoma City metropolitan area
223:1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado
2951:. May 31, 2013. Archived from
2886:. June 1, 2013. Archived from
2743:Heather Hope (June 21, 2013).
2665:"Rebuilding Starts in El Reno"
2379:Sarah Stewart (June 3, 2013).
2333:. May 31, 2013. Archived from
2295:James Samenow (June 1, 2013).
2195:Anica Padilla (June 2, 2013).
1985:Bryan Painter (June 4, 2013).
1019:1999 Mulhall, Oklahoma tornado
197:ever recorded and was part of
1:
2802:"Fallin tours El Reno damage"
2618:. Oklahoma Publishing Company
2456:"2013 El Reno Tornado Escape"
2402:Beth Stebner (June 1, 2013).
2081:National Climatic Data Center
1861:Jeff Masters (June 4, 2013).
1496:John A. Hart (May 31, 2013).
1394:Jeff Masters (June 1, 2013).
965:2011 El Reno–Piedmont tornado
928:EF5 tornado that struck Moore
2473:Adam Taylor (June 2, 2013).
2167:Stan Finger (June 4, 2013).
2038:Sean Murphy (June 4, 2013).
349:across much of the southern
329:region. A moderately strong
111:313 mph (504 km/h)
2532:National Geographic Society
2507:. New York: Daily News, L.P
2236:. p. 2. Archived from
2048:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma:
2012:A. Edwards (June 4, 2013).
1255:Oklahoma Publishing Company
1243:Nolan Clay (June 3, 2013).
442:Storm development and track
3279:
1467:"Mesoscale Discussion 908"
1465:Greg Dial (May 31, 2013).
885:Redlands Community College
18:
3132:
3126:Tornado outbreaks of 2013
2431:B. White (June 1, 2012).
1815:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00221.1
1310:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00221.1
707:vehicle with three 45-lb
161:
152:Canadian County, Oklahoma
85:
33:
1960:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00026.1
1919:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00152.1
1699:(4): 73. April 1, 1946.
1171:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00152.1
1067:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00152.1
1001:National Weather Service
883:set up a shelter at the
471:National Weather Service
279:National Weather Service
3053:10.1175/MWR-D-15-0367.1
2983:Storm Prediction Center
2858:Storm Prediction Center
2266:San Francisco Chronicle
1898:Weather and Forecasting
1502:Storm Prediction Center
1471:Storm Prediction Center
1439:Storm Prediction Center
1150:Weather and Forecasting
1124:10.1175/MWR-D-23-0242.1
1054:Weather and Forecasting
474:Weather Forecast Office
406:Storm Prediction Center
345:was expected to become
297:Meteorological synopsis
252:scientist and engineer
199:a larger weather system
191:multiple-vortex tornado
2755:Griffin Communications
1693:Monthly Weather Review
1112:University of Oklahoma
1099:Monthly Weather Review
923:
863:
774:
730:, a meteorologist for
724:
662:
649:Storm chaser incidents
584:University of Oklahoma
574:. The agency uses the
567:
462:
310:
47:Meteorological history
3248:Tornadoes in Oklahoma
3147:March 23 (Bangladesh)
2830:. El Reno, Oklahoma:
1838:Digital Meteorologist
921:
861:
854:Casualties and impact
818:the EF5-rated tornado
772:
722:
656:
576:Enhanced Fujita Scale
565:
449:
425:Central Daylight Time
317:and closed mid-level
304:
203:Central Daylight Time
109:Unofficial intensity:
89:Enhanced Fujita scale
2174:The Kansas City Star
1674:10.1175/BAMS-88-1-31
1341:on September 3, 2013
1017:measurements of the
695:truck optimized for
505:widest known tornado
361:, by the afternoon.
176:2013 El Reno tornado
29:2013 El Reno tornado
3263:Satellite tornadoes
3045:2016MWRv..144.1749W
2645:. El Reno, Oklahoma
2591:on December 7, 2015
2585:National Geographic
2538:on October 15, 2013
2301:The Washington Post
1951:2014WtFor..29..799S
1910:2015WtFor..30..525B
1867:Weather Underground
1806:2014BAMS...95...31W
1705:1946MWRv...74...73.
1665:2007BAMS...88...31W
1406:The Weather Company
1401:Weather Underground
1301:2014BAMS...95...31W
1222:The Washington Post
1162:2015WtFor..30..525B
948:Weather Underground
827:National Geographic
732:The Weather Channel
267:The Weather Channel
103:Official intensity:
30:
3025:Wakimoto, Roger M.
2643:The New York Times
2240:on August 31, 2013
1622:on August 28, 2013
924:
896:state of emergency
881:American Red Cross
864:
775:
725:
663:
568:
518:Wiley Post Airport
463:
423:At 3:30 p.m.
359:Mississippi Valley
311:
96:Highest winds
3253:Tornadoes of 2013
3220:
3219:
1742:on August 5, 2012
1015:Doppler on Wheels
904:OU Medical Center
889:Oklahoma Governor
759:Doppler on Wheels
709:barometric probes
693:three-quarter ton
677:Discovery Channel
563:
542:satellite tornado
510:tornado emergency
396:, and ahead of a
275:Doppler on Wheels
172:
171:
119:
3270:
3233:2013 in Oklahoma
3119:
3112:
3105:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3062:
3056:
3020:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2979:"Tornado Safety"
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2921:Fox News Channel
2913:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2890:on June 24, 2013
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2587:. Archived from
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2534:. Archived from
2528:"The Last Chase"
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2337:on June 13, 2013
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2303:. Archived from
2292:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:. Archived from
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2203:. Archived from
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2164:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1939:Weather Forecast
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1430:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1337:. Archived from
1326:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1192:. Archived from
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1045:
1023:
1022:started in 1950.
1011:
1005:
997:
788:GPS transponders
701:Chevrolet Cobalt
659:Chevrolet Cobalt
617:
606:
564:
478:Norman, Oklahoma
459:click to animate
337:to the southern
308:
258:Chevrolet Cobalt
225:. As it crossed
113:
48:
38:
31:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3128:
3123:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3060:
3023:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2955:on June 7, 2013
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2834:. June 19, 2013
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2808:on June 9, 2013
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2782:on June 9, 2013
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2725:
2724:on June 9, 2013
2716:
2715:
2711:
2700:"Damage Viewer"
2698:
2697:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2675:on May 22, 2024
2663:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2307:on June 2, 2013
2294:
2293:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2273:on June 3, 2013
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2233:Miami New Times
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2207:on June 7, 2013
2194:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2056:on June 5, 2013
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1873:on June 5, 2013
1860:
1859:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1615:Dallas Observer
1607:
1606:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1477:on June 3, 2013
1464:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1328:
1327:
1318:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1196:on June 5, 2021
1184:
1183:
1179:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1012:
1008:
998:
991:
986:
978:Tornado records
956:
916:
879:On June 1, the
856:
792:Spotter Network
767:
651:
625:
624:
623:
622:
621:
618:
609:
608:
607:
553:
551:
486:Canadian County
482:tornado warning
444:
335:Rocky Mountains
306:
299:
215:Canadian County
162:
127:Overall effects
122:
118:radar analysis)
112:
46:
41:
24:
21:El Reno tornado
17:
12:
11:
5:
3276:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3225:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3212:December 20–21
3209:
3206:Washington, IL
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3057:
3039:(5): 1749–76.
3021:
3009:Wurman, Joshua
3003:
3002:External links
3000:
2997:
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2088:. May 31, 2013
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2030:
2004:
1974:
1945:(4): 799–827.
1925:
1904:(3): 525–552.
1884:
1850:
1821:
1775:
1753:
1720:
1680:
1633:
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1560:. May 31, 2013
1545:
1530:. May 31, 2013
1515:
1488:
1457:
1446:. May 31, 2013
1418:
1383:
1352:
1316:
1272:
1235:
1207:
1177:
1156:(3): 525–552.
1136:
1081:
1060:(3): 525–552.
1034:
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1024:
1006:
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987:
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932:Interstates 35
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443:
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353:, through the
298:
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219:weather radars
195:widest tornado
170:
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159:
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149:
148:Areas affected
145:
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114:(estimate via
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2113:EarthSky.org
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2054:the original
2043:
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2007:
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1990:
1942:
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1837:
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1127:. Retrieved
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878:
873:wind turbine
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820:that struck
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800:South Dakota
796:North Dakota
785:
776:
756:
726:
673:
664:
643:
635:
626:
569:
540:multivortex
538:anticyclonic
535:
516:, Richland,
497:sub-vortices
490:
464:
455:reflectivity
451:Phased array
422:
363:
351:Great Plains
339:Great Plains
319:low pressure
312:
283:
243:
175:
173:
164:
163:Part of the
108:
102:
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25:
3202:November 17
3192:October 3–7
3157:April 17–19
3142:February 10
2118:November 5,
1508:February 4,
914:Evacuations
892:Mary Fallin
780:AccuWeather
752:Dominator 2
748:Reed Timmer
728:Mike Bettes
681:Tim Samaras
668:translucent
630:subvortices
526:The Village
323:the Dakotas
271:Reed Timmer
263:Mike Bettes
254:Tim Samaras
205:(2303
81:EF3 tornado
3227:Categories
3197:October 31
3187:June 12–13
3152:April 7–11
3091:on YouTube
3083:on YouTube
3075:on YouTube
2505:Daily News
2412:. New York
2409:Daily News
2244:August 31,
1626:August 29,
1030:References
848:Ted Fujita
744:Union City
738:affiliate
705:subcompact
493:wall cloud
467:Highway 81
438:corridor.
414:supercells
390:cold front
385:wind shear
371:(20 °
284:Alongside
132:Fatalities
76:40 minutes
65:Dissipated
3177:May 26–31
3167:May 18–21
3162:May 15–17
2760:March 20,
2435:. KFOR-TV
2383:. KFOR-TV
2360:. KFOR-TV
2311:March 20,
2211:March 20,
2092:March 20,
1969:122669043
1659:: 31–46.
1564:August 4,
1534:August 4,
1450:August 4,
1376:March 20,
1129:March 19,
1076:1520-0434
843:lightning
549:Intensity
536:A strong
480:issued a
331:polar jet
307:May 26–31
286:rush hour
58:UTC–05:00
2977:(2013).
2948:NBC News
2864:June 14,
2838:June 23,
2679:June 14,
2140:ABC News
2045:HuffPost
1259:Archived
1114:via the
954:See also
804:Nebraska
765:Response
410:Missouri
398:dry line
394:Oklahoma
365:Dewpoint
347:unstable
343:air mass
193:was the
187:Oklahoma
140:Injuries
73:Duration
3181:El Reno
3066:YouTube
3041:Bibcode
2989:June 1,
2959:June 1,
2927:June 2,
2894:June 1,
2884:KWES-TV
2832:KOCO-TV
2812:June 5,
2786:June 5,
2750:KWTV-DT
2728:June 5,
2669:KOKH-TV
2649:June 4,
2622:June 5,
2511:June 5,
2484:June 2,
2460:YouTube
2439:June 4,
2416:June 5,
2387:June 4,
2364:June 4,
2341:May 31,
2277:June 4,
2201:KMGH-TV
2180:June 4,
2147:June 4,
2060:June 5,
2023:June 4,
2018:KFOR-TV
1997:June 4,
1947:Bibcode
1906:Bibcode
1877:June 4,
1802:Bibcode
1768:June 1,
1746:June 4,
1701:Bibcode
1661:Bibcode
1481:June 1,
1335:WEWS-TV
1297:Bibcode
1265:June 4,
1200:June 5,
1158:Bibcode
1106:(aop).
832:Society
812:titled
740:KFOR-TV
689:TWISTEX
522:Bethany
501:El Reno
453:radar (
250:TWISTEX
227:U.S. 81
211:El Reno
184:Central
180:tornado
156:El Reno
87:on the
2560:. 2014
1967:
1074:
714:inflow
588:RaXPol
315:trough
116:RaXPol
53:Formed
3171:Moore
1965:S2CID
1655:(1).
984:Notes
822:Moore
790:over
580:radar
514:Yukon
402:Texas
2991:2013
2961:2013
2929:2013
2896:2013
2866:2013
2840:2013
2814:2013
2788:2013
2762:2017
2730:2013
2681:2013
2651:2013
2624:2013
2597:2017
2566:2014
2544:2014
2513:2013
2486:2013
2441:2013
2418:2013
2389:2013
2366:2013
2343:2013
2331:WVVA
2313:2017
2279:2013
2246:2013
2213:2017
2182:2013
2149:2013
2120:2013
2094:2017
2062:2013
2025:2013
1999:2013
1879:2013
1845:2013
1770:2013
1748:2013
1628:2013
1592:2016
1566:2013
1536:2013
1510:2014
1483:2013
1452:2013
1413:2020
1378:2017
1347:2013
1267:2013
1230:2014
1202:2021
1131:2024
1110:and
1072:ISSN
999:The
942:and
906:and
802:and
703:, a
697:hail
512:for
484:for
418:hail
381:J/kg
377:CAPE
357:and
325:and
269:and
231:2004
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1955:doi
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