390:
Egyptians turned to the streets on this first day of protests. Nael Shama, an
Egyptian political analyst, stated how the demonstrations escalated quickly, which could be seen in the chants they shouted: in protests in 2011, protesters' main slogan was "Bread, freedom, and social justice", but during the protests in 2019, people chanted that they wanted president Sisi to resign. Two slogans used according to Al Jazeera were "Rise up, fear not, Sisi must go" and "The people demand the regime's fall". The protests were also different from 2011 because the young people that attended the 2020 protests had not experienced the events of the 2011 uprising in the way they are experiencing Egyptian life now. Therefore, their ideas, demands, and ideas of the future are different. Sisi supporters turned to the streets as a counter-force, and, as videos of the demonstrations had circulated the internet, they responded online by using pro-Sisi hashtags. According to Africa Research Bulletin, the government responded to the protests with fire weapons,
493:
575:, filmed a fake protest and distributed it to satellite channels associated with the Muslim Brotherhood to show as evidence of the Brotherhood's fabrication of demonstrations. As videos and photos of demonstrations kept circulating the internet, instead of denying the demonstrations from taking place, state-led media said they were staged and that the footage shown was Muslim Brotherhood violence. Some pro-government people, channels, or news outlets responded by stating the demonstrations were small in size. On September 25, when Friday of Rage was taking place, several pro-government news media continued stating there were not any protests taking place.
593:
were reported to be prosecuted, including at least 14 minors. On Friday
September 25th, the Friday of Rage, three protesters were injured and one man, Sami Wagdy Bashir, was killed. After one week of protests, a total of 382 detainees were documented, of which 68 were minors. On September 30, Awais Al-Rawi was shot and killed by police, according to eyewitnesses. The police also opened fire at the people who attended Al-Rawi's funeral, which can be seen in a video posted on Twitter. On October 2 it was reported that 496 people were detained, with a total of between 571 and 735 arrests between September 10th and 29th.
538:
the treatment of his father and the argument escalated, resulting in an officer shooting him. During the funeral on the same day, mourners chanted "Sisi is the enemy of God" and "retribution by bullets", to which the police responded by firing warning shots and teargas, and arresting several people. A video of the funeral was posted on
Twitter. In a response to the police's reaction, civilians kidnapped and beat an officer who was released after negotiations between tribal elders and a police official. The officer who killed Al-Rawi was suspended and would be interrogated.
1561:
509:
protesters. In a shooting in al-Blida, in the Giza governorate, three people got wounded, and one 25 year old man, Sami Wagdy Bashir, was killed when riot police tried to disperse the crowd. It is unclear how many people were arrested after the protests on Friday the 25th; the total number of arrest since the start of the protests was estimated to be around 400.
449:). During this campaign the first calls for a revolution on September 20, being the anniversary of the preceding year's protests, were published online and gained much attention. After Muhamed Ali supported the campaign by posting a call to action himself, people turned to the streets on September 20. The protests were not led by any known opposition movements.
583:
The international responses to the 2020 Egyptian protests were limited. On
September 20, Amnesty International issued for detained protesters of the 2019 protests to be released. Then on September 22, the UN stated that people should "be allowed to express themselves, and for governments to listen to
537:
Police raided Al-Rawi's family home in an attempt to arrest a family member who had participated in protests the week before. They instead arrested Al-Rawi's younger brother to which their father objected, to which a police officer reacted by slapping Al-Rawi's father. Al-Rawi objected verbally about
508:
Several video's were distributed through
Twitter on which people are heard chanting "say it out loud and don't be scared, el-Sisi has got to go". Protesters furthermore burned tires as a roadblock. The police and security forces responded by charging their weapons at the crowd, trying to disperse the
483:
On
September 22, demonstrations continued in Giza, Fayoum, Minya, Luxor, and Aswan. Protesters pushed a car in a canal in Al-Hawarta, Minya, after security forces used teargas and fired weapons at them. In several places cafes took precautions by closing their doors to protect their business, in some
592:
Several news outlets and articles stated the numbers of detentions, deaths, and injuries that resulted when authorities intervened throughout the course of the protests. As preemptive measure, authorities arrested over 1000 people before the protests started. In the first few days, around 150 people
546:
The government started taking preemptive methods since
September 10th when rumors of demonstrations spread. These preemptive methods included random searches of residents and pedestrians, police checking peoples phones, and arresting over 1000 activists, political figures, intellectuals, university
475:
Uprising. In Aswan, a presidential residence was set on fire after security forces attacked protesters. People furthermore threw stones at police vehicles. In El-Qanatar, protestors walked through small streets to try to not get attacked by security forces. In the village of Al-Kadaya (also written
420:
The motivation behind the 2020 protests are similar to that of the 2019 protests. Many
Egyptians had been discontent towards the government because of police brutality and the economic issues the country had been facing as a result of the 2016 austerity measures; in 2020, almost 70% of the Egyptian
389:
had called for people to protest against president Sisi through a video that he posted online. Ali had posted other videos online accusing the
Egyptian president and the military of corruption. These videos gained much attention. An anonymous source told Africa Research Bulletin that around 3000
558:
Authorities and state-run media furthermore responded to the protests by denying they were taking place. Several media channels said the videos and photos circulating the internet were Muslim
Brotherhood propaganda, stating that there were no actual demonstrations taking place. The intelligence
452:
Different from the 2019 protests was that some people believed that there would be no response to Ali's calls because people were afraid of getting arrested. Others believed that Ali deliberately wanted people to get detained or killed in protests, even going so far as accusing him of working
425:. Additionally, people had become frustrated when a government campaign issued fines and demolitions on unlicensed housing, or illegal construction, as Sisi called it. People were often not able to pay the fines and were disgruntled as unlicensed housing had not been a problem before.
361:
Because of Sisi's important role in the arrest and resignation of Morsi, people considered him a saviour from Islamist and Muslim Brotherhood rule. In the elections of 2014, Sisi won with 96% of the votes. But Sisi's popularity decreased as the years went by, especially after the
550:
When the protests occurred, security forces were deployed and military checkpoints were set up in several cities. Security was especially cautious on Fridays. in several places where protests took place, security responded to protesters with more violent measures by using
500:
Protests continued on September 25, marking the sixth day of anti-Sisi demonstrations. People had increasingly called for protests to be taking place on Friday September 25th in the days before. Thousands of people responded to these calls by demonstrating after
457:
started circulating the internet. The videos and photos were accompanied by hashtags that became trending on Twitter, e.g. "the revolution began", "down with military rule", and "go out on 20 September" (Arabic: #اِنْزِلـ20ـسِبْتِمْبِر, ALA-LC:
358:. Sisi, who was an army chief general at the time, had ordered for Morsi to be arrested. Morsi went to trial with several members of the Muslim Brotherhood and was eventually imprisoned for 20 years, he died in 2019.
470:
The protests started in Giza, Cairo, Suez, Kafrl El Dawwar, Alexandria, Aswan, and El Qanater El Khayreya and mostly took place in rural areas in Egypt and Upper Egypt. Because of that, they are also referred to as
378:
to Saudi Arabia. In the 2018 elections, Sisi was again elected president with 97% of the votes. Despite the anti-protest law that he implemented after the events of 2013, people turned to protest in
1549:
410:
news websites to try to stop the protests from spreading. The Egyptian security forces detained a total of 4300 people in relation to the 2019 protests, 111 of which were minors.
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694:
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population lived under the poverty line. People's dissatisfaction about Egyptian economics was strengthened in 2020 by the worsening economic situation as a result of the
1682:
564:
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1036:
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517:
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1677:
496:
Protesters on the Day of Rage, January 28, 2011. The sign reads "الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام" which translates to "the people want the fall of the regime".
453:
together with the government. Despite these thoughts, protests started on September 20 and several photos and videos of alleged demonstrations in 17
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492:
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1535:
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1184:
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was overthrown. Egyptians had accused Morsi of not realizing the promises he made to them in the elections that made him president after the
1090:
442:
campaign was launched issuing discontent about Sisi's administration with the hashtag "we don't want you" (Arabic: #مِش_عايْزينَك, ALA-LC:
726:
1011:
520:" on 28 January 2011, and "Friday of Rage" on 25 September 2020. Protesting on Friday as a focal day occurs in other countries in the
386:
144:
823:
894:
764:
568:
480:, people had overturned a police car and set it on fire after security forces had surrounded them and asked them not to protest.
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30:
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355:
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On August 29, after Sisi had issued a referendum asking people if they wanted him to remain president or not, a
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1604:
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602:
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348:
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in Cairo, Giza, Damietta, and Luxor. This day is also referred to as "Friday of Rage", or "Friday of Anger".
1565:
1744:
1739:
1703:
1657:
612:
516:. This is often paired with a symbolic name, such as "Friday of Unity", "the Friday of the Last Chance", "
512:
Using Friday as a day of protest and mobilization has been done in other mass protests in Egypt since the
334:
290:
258:
622:
454:
399:
156:
1062:
895:"Online calls for anti-Sisi protests in Egypt may fall flat - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East"
1629:
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affiliated United Media Services Group, which is owned by one of the Egyptian intelligence agencies (
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88:
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1125:
314:
1375:
984:
379:
1367:
422:
73:
1662:
1624:
1357:
1349:
1279:"Heavy police presence, random searches around Tahrir ahead of Sept. 20 protest anniversary"
976:
923:
695:"Sisi, Public Prosecution acknowledge protests after week of silence, 68 minors released"
532:
On September 30, Awais Al-Rawi was shot and killed by police, according to eyewitnesses.
375:
278:
857:
1728:
1379:
988:
980:
552:
502:
395:
344:
1579:
371:
298:
62:
1338:"Trends: Fridays of Revolution: Focal Days and Mass Protest in Egypt and Tunisia"
166:
1599:
309:. September 25th, the sixth day of the protests, was called "Friday of Rage" (
282:
67:
1371:
1353:
1698:
472:
363:
402:
adds that besides arresting many, the Egyptian government also blocked the
1507:"150 arrested on September 20 anniversary after small, scattered protests"
1479:"Clashes in Egypt's Luxor after police kill man for defending his father"
924:"The 2020 Egyptian Protests | Public Policy for & by Students | JIPP"
391:
352:
306:
265:. Protesters turned to the streets in several cities in Egypt, including
1362:
439:
407:
367:
1159:"Does Egyptian army contractor Mohamed Ali really have a magic wand?"
366:
measures taken in 2016 and after Sisi had granted sovereignty of the
310:
294:
1337:
1126:"Several hundred arrests amid protest calls in Egypt - rights group"
398:, the square in Cairo where the 2011 protests had also taken place.
351:. They furthermore accused Morsi of steering political power to the
1185:"Egypt whistlebower Mohamed Ali calls for protests on 20 September"
1560:
1091:"Threat of home demolitions sparks protests among Egypt's poorest"
727:"Anti-gov't protests in Egypt's Giza amid tight security presence"
572:
477:
302:
286:
266:
254:
103:
49:
1397:"Egypt police kill Luxor man then shoot mourners at his funeral"
1224:"Egypt police kill Luxor man then shoot mourners at his funeral"
1012:"In rare protests, Egyptians demand President el-Sisi's removal"
521:
274:
270:
1531:
1434:"Egypt: Rare protests met with unlawful force and mass arrests"
403:
382:, again in 2019, and eventually in 2020, against his regime.
1037:"World leaders must confront Sisi over repressive crackdown"
824:"One 'killed' in Egypt as protesters demand el-Sisi resign"
555:(khartoush), teargas, and live bullets against protesters.
858:"Egypt's Mohammed Morsi: A turbulent presidency cut short"
261:, and were aimed at the resignation of Egyptian president
385:
On 20 September, 2019, construction contractor and actor
339:
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi's administration began after the
765:"Protests against Sisi's rule break out across Egypt"
257:
that started on September 20, the anniversary of the
1691:
1643:
1572:
239:
231:
223:
218:
182:
125:
113:
99:
81:
56:
44:
36:
23:
253:were a series of decentralized street protests in
1336:Ketchley, Neil; Barrie, Christopher (June 2020).
1250:"Egypt protesters push police vehicle into canal"
660:"Demonstrations in Egypt continue for third day"
484:cases they were forced to do so by authorities.
928:The Journal of Interdisciplinary Public Policy
1683:Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)
1543:
8:
1307:"Egypt braces for fresh anti-Sisi protests"
171:Pro-government demonstrators and dissidents
138:Protesters and dissidents of the government
1550:
1536:
1528:
20:
1361:
1063:"Joint Motion for a Resolution on Egypt"
491:
394:, and arrests. They furthermore blocked
16:Protests against the Government of Egypt
1566:Major revolts and riots in modern Egypt
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1678:Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)
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975:(9): 22443–22446. 15 October 2019.
14:
1559:
981:10.1111/j.1467-825X.2019.09079.x
588:Detentions, deaths, and injuries
210:Armed forces and Military forces
1663:Sinai insurgency (2011–present)
1595:1945 anti-Jewish riots in Egypt
343:when former Egyptian president
1750:September 2020 events in Egypt
1709:Egyptian National Action Group
547:students, and other citizens.
72:Government mishandling of the
1:
1760:November 2020 events in Egypt
1620:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
967:"EGYPT: Anti-Sisi Protests".
1755:October 2020 events in Egypt
1635:2008 Egyptian general strike
1610:Corrective Revolution (1971)
1342:Political Research Quarterly
119:Protests suppressed by force
1699:2017 Warraq Island protests
1668:2012–2013 Egyptian protests
1658:2011 Maspero demonstrations
1645:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
608:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
416:Causes of the 2020 protests
331:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
192:(no centralized leadership)
1781:
466:The course of the protests
328:
1673:2013 Egyptian coup d'état
1615:1977 Egyptian bread riots
434:The start of the protests
187:
130:
87:Resignation of President
28:
1653:2011 Egyptian revolution
1605:1952 Egyptian revolution
1585:1919 Egyptian revolution
1580:Urabi revolt (1879–1882)
1573:Major events before 2010
1354:10.1177/1065912919893463
969:Africa Research Bulletin
603:2011 Egyptian revolution
569:National Security Agency
618:2018–2022 Arab protests
579:International responses
93:Fresh general elections
31:2018–2022 Arab protests
1714:2020 Egyptian protests
1704:2019 Egyptian protests
1067:www.europarl.europa.eu
613:2019 Egyptian protests
497:
335:2019 Egyptian protests
291:El Qanater El Khayreya
259:2019 Egyptian protests
251:2020 Egyptian protests
24:2020 Egyptian protests
1625:2000 Kosheh lynchings
1438:Amnesty International
1041:Amnesty International
623:Egyptian Armed Forces
565:military intelligence
514:January 25 Revolution
495:
455:Egyptian governorates
400:Amnesty International
157:Egyptian armed forces
1630:2005 Alexandria riot
542:Government responses
263:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
201:Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
162:Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
89:Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
1590:Helwan riots (1945)
1401:Middle East Monitor
1256:. 22 September 2020
1254:Middle East Monitor
1228:Middle East Monitor
1189:Middle East Monitor
1165:. 22 September 2020
1163:Middle East Monitor
1132:. 28 September 2020
1043:. 24 September 2019
771:. 21 September 2020
769:Middle East Monitor
666:. 23 September 2020
664:Middle East Monitor
460:#inzil_20_sibtimbir
219:Deaths and injuries
1735:Second Arab Spring
1191:. 8 September 2020
901:. 7 September 2020
899:www.al-monitor.com
498:
356:Muslim Brotherhood
313:: جُمْعة الغَضَب,
141:Opposition parties
1765:Protests in Egypt
1722:
1721:
1600:Cairo fire (1952)
1311:www.aljazeera.com
1016:www.aljazeera.com
828:www.aljazeera.com
731:www.aljazeera.com
423:COVID-19 pandemic
247:
246:
178:
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74:COVID-19 pandemic
40:20 September 2020
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1440:. 2 October 2020
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1403:. 1 October 2020
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1230:. 1 October 2020
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1097:. 6 October 2020
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349:uprising of 2011
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1483:Middle East Eye
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518:Friday of Anger
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319:jumʿa al-ghaḍab
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1348:(2): 308–324.
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864:. 17 June 2019
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528:September 30th
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488:Friday of Rage
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341:2013 uprisings
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279:Kafr El Dawwar
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108:Demonstrations
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1745:2020 protests
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1740:2020 in Egypt
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207:Police units
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191:
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183:Lead figures
63:Unemployment
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1363:10852/77773
571:) and owns
522:MENA region
387:Mohamed Ali
370:islands of
167:Riot police
145:Mohamed Ali
114:Resulted in
1729:Categories
629:References
561:Mukhabarat
329:See also:
325:Background
283:Alexandria
68:Corruption
1511:Mada Masr
1380:214545560
1372:1065-9129
1283:Mada Masr
989:242725081
699:Mada Masr
524:as well.
364:austerity
57:Caused by
862:BBC News
597:See also
553:birdshot
473:Galabiya
447:ʿāyzīnak
429:Timeline
353:Islamist
307:Damietta
240:Arrested
232:Injuries
224:Death(s)
45:Location
29:Part of
1130:Reuters
440:Twitter
408:Alhurra
392:teargas
376:Sanafir
368:Red Sea
243:571-735
235:unknown
126:Parties
100:Methods
1516:18 May
1488:18 May
1444:18 May
1407:17 May
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736:17 May
704:18 May
670:17 May
315:ALA-LC
311:Arabic
305:, and
295:Faiyum
1376:S2CID
985:S2CID
573:Youm7
478:Atfih
372:Tiran
303:Luxor
299:Minya
287:Aswan
267:Cairo
255:Egypt
104:Riots
82:Goals
50:Egypt
1518:2022
1490:2022
1446:2022
1409:2022
1368:ISSN
1318:2022
1290:2022
1262:2022
1236:2022
1197:2022
1171:2022
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1103:2022
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706:2022
672:2022
444:mish
406:and
380:2016
374:and
333:and
275:Suez
271:Giza
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