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Leiden's city walls to begin crumbling. That, coupled by the rising water level in their camps, convinced the
Spanish troops that an attack was underway and they fled in terror. By that time, hundreds of people within the city had perished due to starvation. According to legend, a boy, usually named as Cornelis Joppenszoon, left the city that night to explore the Spanish troop's now destroyed camps. He found a pot of stew made of carrots, onions, parsnips, and meat, supposedly still warm and undamaged by the water. He then returned to the city and informed everyone that the troops had fled.
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In recent years, 3 October has drawn criticism from local residents and business owners, some of whom opt to leave Leiden during the festival due to noise, public drunkenness, and other concerns. In 2019, eight neighborhood associations in the city's center firmly opposed an extension of its hours of
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With food supplies dwindling, Leiden's citizens were in despair as the
Spanish attempted to infiltrate the city. Within two months, provisions within Leiden were almost completely exhausted. Desperate to improve morale, then mayor Pieter Adriaanszoon van der Werff went so far as to propose committing
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Many of the city's residents take
October 3rd itself off from work or school to either participate in or enjoy the festivities. Typical traditions include: an evening parade on the night of October 2nd, a carnival and market in the center of the city, various theatrical performances and historical
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attempted to capture the city. The first siege lasted from
October 1573 until March 1574, and the Spanish returned that May for a second attempt. The city had neglected, in the interim, to destroy Spanish fortifications outside of the city's protective walls and failed to acquire enough additional
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They began destroying dikes near
Rotterdam in order to flood the surrounding countryside. However, it took several days before there was enough wind to direct the water over the land toward Leiden. A fierce storm aided their efforts on the night of October 2nd. The rising tide caused a portion of
203:("Sea Beggars") on the morning of October 3rd. They headed north along the Vliet canal, which now had water deep enough to support their boats, and brought food and other supplies to Leiden's starving citizens. The food supplies primarily consisted of
161:, the Netherlands. It is held annually during the days leading up to the 3rd and often concludes that evening or the following day. Observed since the 1500s, its modern public celebration has been a locally declared holiday since 1886.
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from falling into the canals, organizers switched to cups with deposits that year as well. An estimated 98.2 per cent of these cups were returned to bars. The 2020 edition of the festival largely consisted of remote events including a
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In honor of the liberation of Leiden on
October 3, 1574, the day itself was declared an official city holiday in 1886. It is now celebrated with a variety of activities and events that take place in the days leading up to October 3.
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Bar and cafe owners have also protested the high fees associated with hosting food carts, outdoor beer taps, and restrooms while expressing concerns over attendees who bring their own alcohol with them from home.
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267:(a dish representative of the stew found in the Spanish troops' camp) is served at an event located on the Hooglandsekerkgracht, a street in the center of the city. Leiden-based band
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In June 2019, the festival was officially added to the
Netherlands' National Heritage List. To help combat the large amount of litter created by festival attendees and prevent
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240:) that commemorates the traumatic events of the siege. A second parade takes place on the afternoon of October 3rd with a firework display later that evening.
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operation. Several businesses and hotels close altogether or discourage tourists from visiting the city while the festival is underway.
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271:'s song "Drie Oktober" also commemorates the festival, and its lyrics refer to herring, hutspot, drinking, and partying.
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263:) at dawn on the morning of October 3rd, but prior registration and tickets are required. On the evening of October 2nd,
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provisions to sustain a renewed siege, even though they were warned in advance of the
Spanish forces' impending return.
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255:). Cleaned herring along with a small loaf of white bread are handed out to city residents for free at the
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211:). To reward the city's steadfast citizens for withstanding the Spanish attack, William established
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suicide so his constituents could eat his own body. That
September, the army of Dutch rebel leader
652:"Halfuurtje langer feest op 3 oktober? Acht buurtverenigingen vinden van niet: 'grens is bereikt'"
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William and his soldiers sailed to Leiden as part of a makeshift military fleet dubbed the
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608:"Statiegeldglazen vervangen half miljoen plastic bekers tijdens Leidens Ontzet"
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The traditional meal associated with the festival is herring and white bread (
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The festival features a carnival with rides including roller coasters.
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The festival commemorates the anniversary of the 1573 - 1574
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reenactments, and a memorial service in St. Peter's Church (
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674:"Hotels Leiden ontraden toeristen te komen met 3 oktober"
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415:. Expatcentre Leiden. 2 October 2010. Archived from
391:"Haring, wittebrood en hutspot bij het Leids ontzet"
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247:The mayor in 1960, handing out herring to children
121:Observed beginning 1575; made a city holiday, 1886
190:began formulating a plan to liberate the city.
586:"3 oktober eindelijk op nationale erfgoedlijst"
283:internet broadcast due to the Covid-19 crisis.
630:"Leidens Ontzet vieren we veilig samen thuis!"
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490:DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: The Netherlands
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439:"Korte 3 oktober feitjes: Met uitjes..."
344:(in Dutch). Gemeente Leiden. 17 May 2011
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493:. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 34–35.
441:(in Dutch). Dichbij. 28 September 2013
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466:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 33.
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540:(in Dutch). Dichtbij. Archived from
536:de Lange, Jaap (16 September 2013).
318:. Pieterskerk Leiden. Archived from
389:Bruggeman, Robin (3 October 2012).
342:"Cadeau voor 3 October Vereeniging"
16:Festival in Leiden, the Netherlands
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517:. Holland (official tourist site)
365:Film & Television Coll Europe
66:The 2011 edition of the festival.
760:Autumn events in the Netherlands
538:"Hutspottocht voor kanovaarders"
368:. Routledge. 2012. p. 315.
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750:Festivals in the Netherlands
696:"Free Oktober op laag pitje"
413:"3 October: Leiden's Relief"
316:"3 October memorial service"
698:(in Dutch). Leidsch Dagblad
676:(in Dutch). Leidsch Dagblad
654:(in Dutch). Leidsch Dagblad
393:(in Dutch). IS Geschiedenis
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588:(in Dutch). Leidse Dagblad
564:"Leidse Liedjes en Muziek"
281:3 October Ontzettend Live!
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460:McDonald, George (2011).
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487:Harmans, Gerard (2011).
19:Not to be confused with
566:(in Dutch). Leiden Info
35:Infobox recurring event
610:(in Dutch). Omroepwest
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130:http://www.3october.nl
40:considered for merging
632:(in Dutch). 3 Oktober
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253:haring en wittebrood
215:the following year.
209:haring en wittebrood
463:Frommer's Amsterdam
157:) is a festival in
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188:William the Silent
165:Historical origins
139:3 October Festival
49:3 October Festival
745:Culture in Leiden
544:on 4 October 2013
419:on 4 October 2013
322:on 1 October 2013
213:Leiden University
207:and white bread (
175:Eighty Years' War
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238:Pieterskerk
200:Watergeuzen
173:during the
118:Inaugurated
112:Netherlands
104:Location(s)
29:‹ The
21:Oktoberfest
739:Categories
731:(in Dutch)
658:22 October
300:References
149:or simply
636:6 October
614:6 October
570:5 October
548:1 October
521:1 October
445:1 October
423:1 October
397:1 October
348:1 October
326:1 October
177:when the
151:3 Oktober
96:Frequency
53:3 Oktober
38:is being
145: :
99:Annually
75:Festival
42:. ›
31:template
592:28 June
265:hutspot
261:De Waag
205:herring
153:, also
126:Website
702:2 July
680:2 July
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219:Events
159:Leiden
108:Leiden
80:Begins
143:Dutch
72:Genre
704:2019
682:2019
660:2019
638:2020
616:2020
594:2019
572:2013
550:2013
523:2013
495:ISBN
468:ISBN
447:2013
425:2013
399:2013
370:ISBN
350:2013
328:2013
137:The
88:Ends
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307:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
