704:
716:
740:
752:
728:
776:
386:
437:" recuperator (touching off a flap in France over the US "stealing" military secrets), but only 60 of these were delivered by the end of 1919. Field trials in France showed that there was excessive play in the elevation and traverse mechanisms, making the gun very inaccurate, along with poor durability in cross-country movement. However, production continued postwar; eventually 810 barrels and 362 field carriages were delivered. The surplus of barrels led to the weapon's use for other purposes.
481:
764:
350:
31:
464:, the only US-made AA weapons to do so. These weapons saw some action prior to the war's end and shot down their first aircraft on May 18, 1918 when soldiers of the U.S. 2nd Anti-Aircraft battery downed a German observation plane over no-man's land. Prior to the commencement of this program, 50 AA truck mounts were shipped to France without guns as a stopgap, where
382:, the US Army decided to adopt French and British weapons, and modify their own weapons where possible to accept French or British ammunition. The M1916 was modified to a 75 mm bore, including alteration of existing weapons, permitting interchangeability of ammunition with French guns as the 75 mm gun M1916.
373:
and dropping shells into trenches. This carriage type was used on the prototype 3-inch model of 1913, which was later designated the 3-inch gun M1916 after a major carriage redesign, prompted by field trials of the M1913. By early 1917 only 34 weapons had been completed; one source traces this to the
492:
Although World War I had shown that light field guns like the M1916 lacked adequate firepower to destroy an entrenched enemy the majority of combatants had large numbers of them and had little impetus to replace them. With a limited peacetime budget, the US Army like other armies opted to modernize
471:
The maximum AA altitude was 5,500 yd (5,000 m) at 82° elevation, limited by a 20-second fuse. The low muzzle velocity and limited elevation and traverse of the AA mounting (31° to 82° elevation, 240° traverse) impaired the weapon's effectiveness. By 1940 the AA version of the weapon was no
402:
was emphasized. By the end of 1918, shortly after the war ended, only 251 weapons had been completed; 34 had been shipped to France but did not see action. A combination of a limited pre-war munitions industry, the short (19-month) US participation in the war, technical problems with large-scale
496:
Beginning in 1938, funds were made available for the conversion of 180 of 320 M1916s to use motor traction and nearly all were eventually converted to the new M1916A1 or M1916MIA1 standard. The kits included sprung axles, steel wheels, and pneumatic tires that allow them to be towed at higher
703:
426:
397:
recoil system consisted of an oil cylinder on top of the barrel and two spring cylinders underneath. It did not work at high elevation angles, and by early 1918 production of the US version of the French
802:
1595:
1139:
1104:
1600:
715:
1057:
1330:
751:
378:
developing the weapon without input from the Field
Artillery, compounded by a complex top carriage intended to allow 45 degrees of traverse. Shortly after the
818:
775:
575:
1605:
932:
526:
Britain lost many of its field guns in France, and in 1941 150 M1916s were supplied to
Britain where they were used for training and to equip
1241:
1033:
993:
763:
727:
1478:
1416:
1284:
582:
in 1926, replacing the 4.7 inch howitzer M1913 in this role. An additional 100 barrels were acquired by the Coast
Artillery for use in
563:
739:
422:
1212:
375:
1150:
1115:
379:
1172:
1574:
1335:
1222:
Ordnance
Department, U.S. Army, Handbook of Ordnance Data, November 15, 1918, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1919
1173:
TM 9-2005, Ordnance
Materiel - General, Vol. 3, Infantry- and Cavalry-accompanying weapons, Field Artillery, December 1942
461:
1194:
1564:
1513:
1314:
838:
527:
358:
909:
Handbook of the St. Chamond Recoil
Mechanism for 75-mm. Gun Carriage, Model of 1916 MI with Instructions for Its Care
547:
465:
407:
399:
1340:
807:
1615:
1227:
Office of the Chief of
Ordnance, Handbook of Artillery, May, 1920, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1920
650:
389:
3.8-inch howitzer M1908 on the same experimental carriage M1913, showing the early recoil system from the front
1277:
599:
434:
1356:
603:
385:
252:
1226:
1411:
1391:
1221:
1185:
218:
480:
1549:
1426:
1421:
1401:
670:
583:
430:
362:
223:
411:
1610:
1488:
643:
510:
An unknown number of guns served with
Australian troops who used them as anti-tank guns during the
453:
410:
recoil cylinders (using compressed air instead of springs) were designed in 1917 by French colonel
155:
1533:
1381:
1376:
1270:
1051:
441:
197:
184:
1258:
Photos of a reproduction or restored M1918 limber for the 75 mm gun M1897 with all accoutrements
598:
An unknown number were supplied to
Yugoslavia but the shipment was diverted while at sea to the
460:(AA) use, designated the AA truck mount M1917. Some of these weapons reached France before the
1569:
1559:
1528:
1523:
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1508:
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1237:
1208:
1039:
1029:
989:
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1025:
American breechloading mobile artillery 1875-1953 : an illustrated identification guide
907:
511:
1082:
Handbook of the 4.7-inch
Howitzer Materiel, Model of 1913, on Pedestal Mount, Model of 1915
1442:
1371:
1361:
812:
653:
mounting, known as the Mark VII Self-Propelled Caterpillar Mount, was tested in the 1920s.
559:
416:
322:
272:
1262:
1177:
FM 6-60 Service of the Piece – 75-mm Gun, M1916 and M1916-A1, Horse-drawn and Truck-drawn
1105:"Campbell Jr., Capt. Levin H., "A Successful Experiment in Submerging a Gasoline Motor",
468:
were mounted on them. In total, 100 M1917 AA guns were delivered to the US Army in 1918.
122:
810 guns, 362 field carriages, 51 AA mountings, ca. 150 coast defense and other mountings
586:
alongside (or mounted on) large guns, such as the long-range barbette mounting of the
1589:
1309:
485:
457:
370:
578:
deployed about 24 of these weapons on fixed pedestal mounts for land defense in the
523:
394:
366:
235:
30:
1080:
1200:
326:
245:
80:
1140:"Capron, Major Webster A., "Ordnance Motor Equipment for Artillery Transport",
262:
189:
148:
1043:
1294:
846:
41:
403:
production, and the ready availability of munitions in France led to this.
1023:
709:
Colonel C. Deems with a 75mm Split trail gun, Le Valdahon, 31 January 1919
662:
In World War I, a battery of 75-mm guns was accompanied by the following:
484:
Two M1916 guns converted to motor traction (on the foreground, along with
319:
208:
230:
421:
who had earlier participated in the development of the M1897 at the
493:
its artillery by switching from horse traction to motor traction.
479:
384:
348:
472:
longer in active service, but a few were retained for training.
1266:
440:
Carriage orders were 300 in 1916, 340 in May 1917, and 400 to
365:
of the French Army. The US Army wished to examine and adopt a
427:
Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la marine et d'Homécourt
546:
6 M1916s that were supplied to Haiti were captured during
353:
3-inch gun and carriage M1913 (experimental) from the back
357:
This weapon originated with the acquisition in 1912 of a
1207:. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press.
803:
List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation
444:
in June 1917, totaling 1,040, with only 362 completed.
633:
M1916MIIIA1 mounted on M1916MI (St. Chamond) carriage
406:
In an attempt to resolve the recoil system problems,
1542:
1466:
1435:
1349:
1323:
1302:
965:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. p. 89
781:
US 75mm gun M1916 on Mark VII SP Caterpillar mount.
369:carriage, which would allow a higher elevation for
304:
289:
281:
271:
261:
251:
241:
229:
217:
207:
196:
183:
170:
162:
147:
139:
131:
126:
115:
107:
99:
91:
86:
76:
68:
60:
55:
47:
37:
21:
1234:American Breechloading Mobile Artillery, 1875–1953
912:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1924. p. 9
757:US 75mm gun M1916 AA on White 2.5-ton truck mount.
1028:. Thomas D. Batha. Atglen, PA. pp. 140–141.
618:M1916MI mounted on M1916A1 carriage (rubber tire)
341:, which was later altered to the subject weapon.
1144:, Sep-Oct 1920, Vol. X, No. 5, pp. 458, 464–465"
333:as well as a field piece. It originated as the
135:3,045 lb (1,381 kg) gun and carriage
1278:
1236:. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing.
1190:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
986:American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide
769:US 75mm gun M1916 on self-propelled carriage.
639:M1916MIII-1/2A1 mounted on M1916MIA1 carriage
8:
488:on the background) captured in Haiti in 1994
452:51 of these weapons were mounted on 2.5-ton
1109:, Mar-Apr 1920, Vol. X, No. 2, pp. 139–148"
988:(Third ed.). CDSG Press. p. 249.
819:United States home front during World War I
1596:World War I artillery of the United States
1285:
1271:
1263:
1056:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
646:2.5-ton truck as the AA truck mount M1917.
18:
792:American Legion post, Champaign, Illinois
636:M1916MIIIA1 mounted on M1916MIA1 carriage
630:M1916MIII-1/2 mounted on M1916A1 carriage
1331:Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
642:The antiaircraft model was mounted on a
624:M1916MII-1/2 mounted on M1916A1 carriage
298:5,500 yd (5,000 m) AA altitude
1601:Anti-aircraft guns of the United States
1085:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1916
931:Christensen, David (March–April 2018).
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
830:
699:
1049:
933:"Air defense artillery in World War I"
627:M1916MIII mounted on M1916A1 carriage
7:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
621:M1916MII mounted on M1916A1 carriage
425:. Since Rimailho then worked at the
433:, in the US these were called the "
423:Atelier de Construction de Puteaux
14:
538:50 guns were supplied to Greece.
337:, which was soon modified to the
815:(weapon of similar role and era)
774:
762:
750:
738:
726:
721:Firing position, right side view
714:
702:
429:better known by its location at
282:Effective firing range
154:90.9 inches (231 cm) (28.4
29:
1417:BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII
1205:Allied Artillery of World War I
615:M1916 mounted on M1916 carriage
380:American entry into World War I
267:800 Mills (240° on AA mounting)
257:53° (31° to 82° on AA mounting)
1606:World War I anti-aircraft guns
295:12,490 yd (11,420 m)
290:Maximum firing range
277:1,742 ft/s (531 m/s)
116:
1:
1336:37 mm Infantry Gun Model 1917
1187:America's Munitions 1917–1918
984:Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015).
962:America's Munitions 1917-1918
839:"75–77 mm Calibre Cartridges"
682:Battery and store wagon M1917
558:14 guns were supplied to the
1565:12-inch coast defense mortar
1514:12-inch coast defense mortar
1350:Field, medium and heavy guns
1315:QF 6-pounder 6 cwt Hotchkiss
325:piece used during and after
285:9,733 yd (8,900 m)
203:11.85 lb (5.38 kg)
1232:Williford, Glen M. (2016).
1142:The Field Artillery Journal
1107:The Field Artillery Journal
733:Also in battery, front view
1632:
1575:14"/50 caliber railway gun
548:Operation Uphold Democracy
143:7.58 ft (2.31 m)
1341:QF 2.95-inch mountain gun
808:List of artillery by name
178:
48:Place of origin
28:
649:An experimental tracked
562:and participated in the
213:75 mm (3.0 in)
1479:4.72-inch Armstrong gun
1195:Crowell at Google Books
666:75 mm limber M1918
400:Canon de 75 modèle 1897
1357:3-inch M1902 field gun
1022:Williford, G. (2016).
604:Invasion of Yugoslavia
489:
390:
354:
1570:12-inch gun M1895MIA1
1412:155 mm howitzer M1917
1392:6-inch howitzer M1908
576:Coast Artillery Corps
566:where all were lost.
483:
388:
352:
1489:6-inch Armstrong gun
1467:Coast artillery guns
1427:240 mm trench mortar
1422:BL 9.2-inch howitzer
879:Williford, pp. 80–83
679:Store limber M1902M1
676:Forge limber M1902M1
584:sub-caliber training
564:Philippines Campaign
329:. It was used as an
316:75 mm gun M1916
273:Muzzle velocity
1324:Small and pack guns
644:White Motor Company
594:Yugoslavian service
376:Ordnance Department
1534:155 mm gun M1918MI
1436:Anti-aircraft guns
1382:4.7-inch gun M1906
1377:3.2-inch gun M1897
843:www.quarryhs.co.uk
787:Surviving examples
685:Battery reel M1917
554:Philippine service
506:Australian service
490:
476:Between World Wars
442:New York Air Brake
391:
355:
87:Production history
1583:
1582:
1560:10-inch gun M1895
1550:7"/45 caliber gun
1543:Railway artillery
1529:16-inch gun M1919
1524:16-inch gun M1895
1519:14-inch gun M1907
1509:12-inch gun M1895
1504:10-inch gun M1895
1243:978-0-7643-5049-8
1182:Crowell, Benedict
1035:978-0-7643-5049-8
995:978-0-9748167-3-9
588:12-inch gun M1895
580:Panama Canal Zone
331:anti-aircraft gun
312:
311:
1623:
1555:8-inch gun M1888
1499:8-inch gun M1888
1494:6-inch gun M1897
1484:5-inch gun M1897
1474:3-inch gun M1903
1458:3-inch gun M1918
1453:3-inch gun M1917
1407:155 mm GPF M1918
1402:6-inch gun M1917
1397:6-inch gun M1903
1387:5-inch gun M1897
1287:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1247:
1218:
1191:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1149:. Archived from
1148:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1114:. Archived from
1113:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1047:
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970:
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922:
921:
919:
917:
904:
898:
895:
880:
877:
858:
857:
855:
854:
845:. Archived from
835:
778:
766:
754:
742:
730:
718:
706:
658:Support vehicles
512:Malayan Campaign
448:Antiaircraft use
420:
339:3-inch gun M1916
335:3-inch gun M1913
305:Feed system
118:
33:
24:
23:75 mm gun M1916
19:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1616:75 mm artillery
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1538:
1462:
1448:75 mm gun M1916
1443:75 mm gun M1897
1431:
1372:75 mm gun M1917
1367:75 mm gun M1916
1362:75 mm gun M1897
1345:
1319:
1298:
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1098:
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1079:
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1048:
1036:
1021:
1020:
1003:
996:
983:
982:
978:
968:
966:
959:
958:
954:
945:
943:
935:
930:
929:
925:
915:
913:
906:
905:
901:
897:Hogg, pp. 48–50
896:
883:
878:
861:
852:
850:
837:
836:
832:
827:
813:75 mm gun M1917
799:
789:
782:
779:
770:
767:
758:
755:
746:
745:Right rear view
743:
734:
731:
722:
719:
710:
707:
698:
660:
612:
596:
572:
560:Philippine Army
556:
544:
542:Haitian service
536:
520:
518:British service
508:
503:
478:
450:
414:
408:hydro-pneumatic
347:
323:field artillery
179:
61:In service
56:Service history
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1629:
1627:
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1299:
1297:of World War I
1293:United States
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1201:Hogg, Ian V.
1186:
1158:. Retrieved
1151:the original
1141:
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1123:. Retrieved
1116:the original
1106:
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1087:. Retrieved
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942:. p. 12
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851:. Retrieved
847:the original
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688:Reel M1909M1
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524:World War II
521:
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501:World War II
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454:White trucks
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395:hydro-spring
392:
361:designed by
356:
338:
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315:
313:
236:Hydro-spring
192:75 x 350mm R
151: length
100:Manufacturer
69:Used by
669:75 mm
435:St. Chamond
415: [
367:split-trail
363:Col. Deport
327:World War I
246:Split trail
119: built
81:World War I
1611:Field guns
1590:Categories
1160:2016-09-30
1125:2016-09-30
946:2022-05-21
853:2017-09-05
825:References
691:Cart M1918
602:after the
570:US service
528:Home Guard
466:French 75s
393:The gun's
224:drop-block
166:5 ft track
1303:Tank guns
1295:artillery
1052:cite book
1044:927401960
550:in 1994.
522:Early in
462:Armistice
359:75 mm gun
253:Elevation
64:1916–1942
42:Field gun
16:Field gun
1203:(1998).
1184:(1919).
797:See also
610:Variants
497:speeds.
263:Traverse
242:Carriage
171:Diameter
156:calibers
108:Produced
92:Designed
1089:13 June
696:Gallery
671:Caisson
530:units.
345:History
320:US Army
209:Caliber
103:various
1240:
1211:
1042:
1032:
992:
969:8 June
916:8 June
318:was a
231:Recoil
219:Breech
200:weight
149:Barrel
140:Length
1154:(PDF)
1147:(PDF)
1119:(PDF)
1112:(PDF)
940:Fires
936:(PDF)
673:M1918
419:]
198:Shell
190:fixed
185:Shell
163:Width
1238:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1091:2023
1058:link
1040:OCLC
1030:ISBN
990:ISBN
971:2023
918:2023
574:The
456:for
314:The
308:hand
132:Mass
95:1916
77:Wars
38:Type
117:No.
1592::
1054:}}
1050:{{
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1004:^
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158:)
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