469:
517:
557:
505:
225:
541:
457:
529:
1207:
573:
73:
55:
481:
585:
493:
445:
287:
In March 1943 Hobart met Brooke who gave him the role of developing and training a division of specialist armoured vehicles that would lead the invasion of France in 1944 The initial new organization of the 79th was a tank brigade, an armoured brigade, and a Royal
Engineers assault brigade; this was
295:. They included tanks that floated, could clear mines, destroy defences, carry and lay bridges, and roadways - anything that would enable the invasion force to get ashore and break through the German defences. The division landed in France in June 1944. The division was further used during the
556:
326:
The 79th
Armoured Division was disbanded on 20 August 1945. Hobart subsequently commanded the Specialized Armour Development Establishment (SADE), which was formed from elements of the 79th together with the Assault Training and Development Centre.
3537:
468:
407:
armoured personnel carrier was a self-propelled gun or other armoured vehicle, surplus to requirements which was converted by removal of the gun or turret into an infantry carrier. The
Kangaroo was not developed until after the D-day
492:
3609:
3624:
516:
3619:
3325:
3549:
3487:
3344:
2747:
2280:
504:
200:". They included tanks that floated, could clear mines, destroy defences, carry and lay bridges, and roadways. The practical use of these specialist tanks was confirmed during the
252:
but ill-health meant he was considered unfit to command the division in battle and he had to give up the appointment. In 1942 Hobart was selected to train another new division.
2782:
692:
456:
1040:, and the beginning of the final advance into Germany. As can be seen, the establishment of the division had grown as the requirement for specialised armour had increased.
2465:
2133:
3475:
1700:
204:. Its vehicles were distributed as small units across the divisions taking part in the landings and subsequent operations. The division remained in action during the
343:
was a
Sherman tank converted for amphibious use with twin types of locomotion: tracks and propellers; the design was used by the Allies in the opening phases of the
1895:
623:
2617:
2600:
2595:
2590:
1188:
1021:
540:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2201:
1900:
1225:
267:
429:
was a
Churchill VII tank in which the hull machine gun was replaced with a flamethrower; fuel was carried behind the tank in an armoured wheeled trailer.
1504:
358:
tank designed to clear a safe path through a mine-field by deliberately detonating mines in front of the vehicle; the design was first used during the
2167:
1220:
608:
The 79th
Armoured Division was first raised as a conventional armoured division, with one Armoured Brigade, one Infantry Brigade and supporting arms.
572:
389:
The
Churchill Armoured Ramp Carrier ('ARK') was a turretless Churchill tank with ramps at either end which, when lowered, could form a mobile bridge.
28:
3036:
2723:
2699:
2420:
2355:
2087:
1139:
639:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
2494:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2375:
2370:
2345:
2335:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2077:
2031:
1985:
635:
281:
32:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3502:
3492:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3349:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2752:
2430:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2285:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2191:
2186:
2062:
2026:
2021:
2016:
1980:
1890:
1152:
1145:
1007:
964:
241:
3507:
3415:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3091:
2679:
2415:
2395:
2102:
1542:
1114:
1011:
837:
831:
563:
404:
3394:
3066:
2390:
2036:
1693:
1660:
263:
1648:
3614:
3167:
3122:
1436:
1408:
1392:
1127:
1043:
995:
934:
768:
726:
659:
444:
2484:
1849:
1478:
480:
1654:
1452:
3172:
3142:
3132:
2330:
1627:
1611:
1584:
256:
3182:
3152:
3081:
2742:
2405:
2325:
2320:
2275:
2111:
1047:
938:
772:
366:
1643:
3147:
3096:
3041:
2380:
2360:
2092:
2041:
1686:
1066:
957:
822:
745:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3086:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2519:
2410:
2350:
2117:
2082:
1565:
670:
380:
The 'Bobbin' Carpet Layer was a
Churchill AVRE fitted out with a roll of matting for laying on a beach or other soft surface.
271:
528:
386:
The Small Box Girder ('SBG') bridge layer was a
Churchill AVRE fitted and lay a bridge large enough to cross a 30 foot gap.
280:
Initially the division based on the 27th
Armoured Brigade included infantry, artillery and engineers but the infantry unit,
3559:
3497:
3379:
3354:
3061:
3051:
3046:
2757:
2385:
2365:
2290:
2097:
2072:
2067:
2057:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1954:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1834:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1739:
1163:
1100:
928:
873:
720:
682:
284:, and its artillery regiments were all removed by April 1943. Its engineer units were generally removed by November 1943.
383:
The Fascine Carrier was a Churchill AVRE which could carry and lay large bundles of sticks to repair holes in the ground.
3512:
3399:
3157:
3137:
3127:
3071:
3056:
2509:
2340:
1121:
1001:
762:
618:
498:"Carpet roll Type D" - the Churchill is fitted with extended radiator intakes and exhausts so that it could wade ashore
205:
192:
commanded the division and was in charge of the development of armoured vehicles that were solutions to problems of the
3202:
3162:
2694:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2524:
647:
3389:
3384:
3117:
3297:
3177:
2529:
2504:
2138:
3222:
3076:
2871:
2861:
2830:
2476:
2400:
2209:
2107:
1178:
1168:
982:
976:
970:
629:
260:
224:
396:('LVT') was a tracked vehicle intended to carry replenishments from ships ashore; the design was used at the
2881:
2876:
2840:
2835:
2820:
2643:
2514:
1173:
1133:
885:
566:
personnel carrier being used by infantry of 53rd (Welsh) Division, on the outskirts of Ochtrup, 3 April 1945
393:
245:
3101:
2984:
2689:
2638:
2633:
2489:
2425:
1060:
951:
802:
739:
653:
359:
249:
2653:
2886:
2866:
2845:
2825:
2499:
1508:
1212:
1106:
1079:
989:
907:
901:
852:
703:
611:
397:
229:
116:
584:
248:
and went into retirement. He was brought back into regular army by Churchill in 1941 to train the new
3292:
3286:
3281:
3276:
2143:
1604:
Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945
1095:
1054:
945:
923:
868:
782:
733:
715:
677:
182:
1959:
1839:
1749:
1110:
426:
412:
312:
304:
292:
197:
170:
131:
96:
1036:
This is the order of battle for the division on 23 March 1945, which was the commencement of the
547:
291:
Hobart gave firm direction and the strange-looking tanks it developed and operated were known as
212:
and, occasionally, to American units outside 21st. Again they were of significant use during the
111:
1944:
1824:
888:. The division was not involved in that battle, but was involved heavily in the battles for the
27:
1964:
1844:
1623:
1607:
1580:
1561:
1538:
1037:
893:
344:
320:
213:
201:
193:
126:
121:
1433:
1412:
1389:
270:, who foresaw the need for specialised armoured vehicles, offered command of the division to
2684:
1365:
1259:
687:
296:
233:
167:
1482:
1324:
1939:
1819:
1456:
1440:
1396:
1302:
758:
666:
209:
1667:
3584:
3517:
1949:
1829:
1754:
1744:
370:
288:
expanded with additional brigades of the new armoured vehicles developed by the 79th.
60:
614:- Attached to the 79th Armoured Division from 8 September 1942 until 20 October 1943.
3603:
1090:
918:
889:
863:
710:
474:
Churchill AVRE from 5th Assault Regiment, Royal Engineers - Sword Beach, 6 June 1944.
374:
308:
1710:
1083:
911:
856:
274:
189:
178:
174:
151:
106:
78:
1606:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003,
1678:
419:
1355:
510:
AVRE with Fascine Carrier (a cradle that could tilt forward to deposit fascine)
1366:
1202:
355:
351:
1535:
Hobart's 79th Armoured Division at War: Invention, Innovation and Inspiration
462:
Sherman Crab; flail lowered into a dip; turret traversed rear to avoid flails
422:
mounted on a tank which could be deployed to dazzle and confuse enemy troops.
255:
The 79th was formed as a standard armoured formation serving in the UK under
897:
416:
244:(then known as the Mobile Division) in Egypt before being removed by GOC
1360:
1192:
1025:
340:
300:
196:; these unusual-looking tanks it developed and operated were known as "
884:
This is the order of battle on 17 September 1944, at the beginning of
377:
that fired a 40 pound (18 kg) "Flying dustbin" demolition bomb.
1156:
316:
223:
1505:"79th Armoured Division, 21st Army Group British Army, 06.06.44"
3534:
3472:
3322:
2720:
2164:
1921:
1801:
1721:
1682:
181:. The division was created as part of the preparations for the
1550:
Swimming Shermans: Sherman DD Amphibious Tank of World War II
688:
55th (Suffolk & Norfolk Yeomanry) Anti-Tank Regiment, RA
450:
Duplex Drive Sherman tank with its flotation screen lowered
1596:
The story of 79th Armoured Division October 1942-June 1945
522:
Small Box Girder bridge layer in North-west Europe 1944-45
1651:
Royal Engineers and Second World War (Assault Engineers)
683:
150th (South Notts Hussars Yeomanry) Field Regiment, RA
208:, providing specialised support during assaults to the
3610:
Armoured divisions of the British Army in World War II
1558:
Vanguard of victory : the 79th Armoured Division
578:
M3 tank fitted with Canal Defense Light in the turret
3625:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
1096:
2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons)
924:
2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons)
869:
2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons)
716:
2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons)
3424:
3408:
3337:
3269:
3243:
3236:
3195:
3110:
3029:
3022:
2977:
2936:
2895:
2854:
2813:
2806:
2735:
2672:
2626:
2609:
2538:
2474:
2268:
2200:
2179:
2126:
2050:
1994:
1973:
1932:
1858:
1812:
1763:
1732:
194:
amphibious landing on the defended French coastline
144:
139:
102:
92:
84:
66:
48:
40:
20:
1453:"55th A/T Rgt at RA 39–45, accessed 30 March 2015"
1409:"142nd Fd Rgt at RA 39–45, accessed 30 March 2015"
706:- Transferred to the division on 17 October 1943.
3620:Military units and formations established in 1942
1594:Hobart, P C S; Montgomery, Field Marshal (1945).
1479:"119 LAA Rgt at RA 39–45, accessed 30 March 2015"
1434:150th Fd Rgt at RA 39–45, accessed 30 March 2015
1598:. Hamburg: 79th Armoured Division. p. 314.
678:142nd (Royal Devon Yeomanry) Field Regiment, RA
1896:Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia)
1694:
935:1st Assault Brigade and Assault Park Squadron
769:1st Assault Brigade and Assault Park Squadron
757:The division was under direct command of the
727:1st Assault Brigade and Assault Park Squadron
8:
2618:British deception formations in World War II
1390:9th AGRA at RA 39–45, accessed 30 March 2015
435:Equipment used by the 79th Armoured Division
1901:Multi-National Division (South-East) (Iraq)
1657:Biography of Major General Sir Percy Hobart
1226:British Armoured formations of World War II
232:watches the attack on Caen from beside his
3531:
3469:
3334:
3319:
3240:
3026:
2810:
2732:
2717:
2176:
2161:
1929:
1918:
1809:
1798:
1729:
1718:
1701:
1687:
1679:
761:, portions being placed in support of the
624:13th/18th Royal Hussars (Queen Mary's Own)
1325:"The crossing of the Elbe near Lauenburg"
1221:List of British divisions in World War II
400:during the crossing of the Rhine in 1945.
1184:Divisional troops, Royal Armoured Corps
1140:49th Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment
1017:Divisional troops, Royal Armoured Corps
550:taking Canadians across the Scheldt 1944
1237:
440:
1663:Royal Engineers and Operation Overlord
1618:Keegan, John; Kenneth Macksey (1991).
1254:
1252:
1250:
1146:1st Canadian Armoured Carrier Regiment
1008:1st Canadian Armoured Carrier Regiment
753:Operation Overlord (Normandy landings)
693:119th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA
335:The equipment included the following:
17:
1622:. London: Cassell. pp. 250–254.
1297:
1295:
1115:Kangaroo (armoured personnel carrier)
7:
845:remained in England as training unit
1537:, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2011,
1128:141st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
1044:1st Assault Brigade Royal Engineers
1012:Kangaroo armoured personnel carrier
996:141st Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
486:Close-up of an AVRE's Petard Mortar
268:Chief of the Imperial General Staff
1032:Operation Varsity (Rhine crossing)
14:
1205:
660:King's Shropshire Light Infantry
583:
571:
555:
539:
527:
515:
503:
491:
479:
467:
455:
443:
373:armed with a "Petard", a 230mm
367:Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers
71:
53:
26:
1075:149 Assault Park Squadron, R.E.
1072:87 Assault Dozer Squadron, R.E.
729:RE - Formed on 1 November 1943
671:9th Army Group Royal Artillery
369:(AVRE) was a heavily modified
236:outside Beuville, 8 July 1944.
228:Brigadier N. W. Duncan of the
1:
1781:6th (United Kingdom) Division
1776:3rd (United Kingdom) Division
1771:1st (United Kingdom) Division
1164:1st Northamptonshire Yeomanry
1101:1st Lothians and Border Horse
929:1st Lothians and Border Horse
874:1st Lothians and Border Horse
779:149 Assault Park Squadron, RE
721:1st Lothians and Border Horse
44:14 August 1942–20 August 1945
35:of the 79th Armoured Division
1579:. London: Pan. p. 396.
1356:"AVRE 230MM - FACT CHECKING"
1122:1st Fife and Forfar Yeomanry
1002:1st Fife and Forfar Yeomanry
619:4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards
206:North-west European Campaign
132:Battle for the Roer Triangle
1038:crossing of the River Rhine
843:557 Assault Squadron, RE –
648:Royal Warwickshire Regiment
3641:
3615:British armoured divisions
3168:66th (2nd East Lancashire)
3123:57th (2nd West Lancashire)
1552:, Osprey Publishing, 2006.
1303:"The Funny Tanks of D-Day"
3545:
3530:
3483:
3468:
3333:
3318:
2731:
2716:
2175:
2160:
2139:1st Commonwealth Division
1928:
1917:
1850:Scottish, Welsh and Irish
1808:
1797:
1728:
1717:
1644:Royal Artillery 1939–1945
534:The Armoured Ramp Carrier
323:) and the Elbe crossing.
25:
3173:67th (2nd Home Counties)
3143:61st (2nd South Midland)
3133:59th (2nd North Midland)
1556:Fletcher, David (1984).
1260:"79th Armoured Division"
1179:11th Royal Tank Regiment
1169:1st East Riding Yeomanry
983:49th Royal Tank Regiment
977:42nd Royal Tank Regiment
971:11th Royal Tank Regiment
817:284 Assault Squadron, RE
765:for Operation Overlord.
630:1st East Riding Yeomanry
3183:69th (2nd East Anglian)
3153:63rd (2nd Northumbrian)
2495:Durham and North Riding
1439:31 January 2013 at the
1174:4th Royal Tank Regiment
1134:7th Royal Tank Regiment
886:Operation Market Garden
828:16 Assault Squadron, RE
814:87 Assault Squadron, RE
811:82 Assault Squadron, RE
808:81 Assault Squadron, RE
797:26 Assault Squadron, RE
794:80 Assault Squadron, RE
791:79 Assault Squadron, RE
788:77 Assault Squadron, RE
415:('CDL') was a powerful
394:Landing Vehicle Tracked
246:British Troops in Egypt
202:landings on the beaches
185:on 6 June 1944, D-Day.
3148:62nd (2nd West Riding)
3097:55th (West Lancashire)
3037:42nd (East Lancashire)
2421:55th (West Lancashire)
2356:42nd (East Lancashire)
1668:"79 Armoured Division"
1661:Royal Engineers Museum
1655:Royal Engineers Museum
1649:Royal Engineers Museum
1575:Hastings, Max (1999).
1189:Staffordshire Yeomanry
1022:Staffordshire Yeomanry
654:Royal Norfolk Regiment
636:185th Infantry Brigade
562:Ram tank converted to
360:North African Campaign
307:), the battle for the
250:11th Armoured Division
240:Hobart had formed the
237:
164:79th Armoured Division
21:79th Armoured Division
2700:British Army in India
1602:Joslen, Lt-Col H.F.,
1327:. Imperial War Museum
1305:. Imperial War Museum
1213:United Kingdom portal
1153:33rd Armoured Brigade
1107:31st Armoured Brigade
1080:30th Armoured Brigade
1067:42nd Assault Regiment
1004:- Churchill Crocodile
998:- Churchill Crocodile
958:42nd Assault Regiment
908:30th Armoured Brigade
902:Battle of the Scheldt
853:30th Armoured Brigade
823:42nd Assault Regiment
746:42nd Assault Regiment
704:30th Armoured Brigade
640:3rd Infantry Division
638:- Transferred out to
612:27th Armoured Brigade
398:Battle of the Scheldt
299:, the battle for the
242:7th Armoured Division
230:30th Armoured Brigade
227:
117:Battle of the Scheldt
3062:48th (South Midland)
3052:46th (North Midland)
3047:44th (Home Counties)
2431:59th (Staffordshire)
2386:48th (South Midland)
2366:44th (Home Counties)
2144:17th Gurkha Division
2098:44th (Home Counties)
1933:Administrative units
1813:Administrative units
1803:Post-Cold War period
1740:Guards and Parachute
1733:Administrative units
1672:Orders of Battle.com
1620:Churchill's Generals
1395:4 March 2016 at the
1061:6th Assault Regiment
1055:5th Assault Regiment
952:6th Assault Regiment
946:5th Assault Regiment
838:222 Assault Squadron
832:617 Assault Squadron
803:6th Assault Regiment
783:5th Assault Regiment
740:6th Assault Regiment
734:5th Assault Regiment
3158:64th (2nd Highland)
3138:60th (2/2nd London)
3128:58th (2/1st London)
3102:56th (1/1st London)
3092:54th (East Anglian)
3072:50th (Northumbrian)
3057:47th (1/2nd London)
2416:54th (East Anglian)
2396:50th (Northumbrian)
2341:23rd (Northumbrian)
2103:50th (Northumbrian)
1111:Churchill Crocodile
590:Churchill Crocodile
548:amphibious vehicles
427:Churchill Crocodile
413:Canal Defence Light
371:Churchill III or IV
341:"Duplex Drive" tank
313:Operation Blackcock
305:Operation Infatuate
177:created during the
3203:63rd (Royal Naval)
3163:65th (2nd Lowland)
3067:49th (West Riding)
2664:82nd (West Africa)
2659:81st (West Africa)
2649:11th (East Africa)
2485:Devon and Cornwall
2477:"County Divisions"
2391:49th (West Riding)
2166:Second World War (
2134:Artillery Division
2037:49th (West Riding)
1289:Fletcher, 1984 p5
1280:Fletcher, 1984 p5
1244:Fletcher, 1984 p5
238:
112:Battle of Normandy
88:Specialised armour
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3536:Napoleonic Wars (
3526:
3525:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3324:Second Boer War (
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3191:
3190:
3118:45th (2nd Wessex)
3023:Territorial Force
3018:
3017:
2722:First World War (
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2088:42nd (Lancashire)
1955:Prince of Wales's
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1866:1st (UK) Armoured
1835:Prince of Wales's
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1709:Divisions of the
1543:978-1-84884-398-1
1533:Doherty, Richard
990:31st Tank Brigade
894:Operation Astonia
669:– converted into
642:on 9 April 1943.
345:Normandy landings
321:Operation Plunder
277:in October 1942.
183:Normandy invasion
166:was a specialist
157:
156:
127:Operation Plunder
122:Operation Clipper
3632:
3532:
3470:
3335:
3320:
3241:
3178:68th (2nd Welsh)
3027:
2811:
2733:
2718:
2685:Beauman Division
2177:
2162:
1930:
1919:
1810:
1799:
1730:
1719:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1675:
1633:
1599:
1590:
1571:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1507:. Archived from
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1481:. Archived from
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:on 31 March 2016
1455:. Archived from
1449:
1443:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1415:on 31 March 2016
1411:. Archived from
1405:
1399:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1364:. Archived from
1352:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1262:. Unit Histories
1256:
1245:
1242:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1208:
985:- Grant CDL tank
979:- Grant CDL tank
973:- Grant CDL tank
965:1st Tank Brigade
587:
575:
559:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
447:
297:Battle for Brest
293:Hobart's Funnies
259:in August 1942.
257:Northern Command
234:Humber Scout Car
198:Hobart's Funnies
179:Second World War
152:Sir Percy Hobart
107:Second World War
77:
75:
74:
59:
57:
56:
30:
18:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3589:
3541:
3522:
3479:
3456:
3420:
3404:
3329:
3302:
3265:
3232:
3223:74th (Yeomanry)
3187:
3106:
3077:51st (Highland)
3014:
2973:
2932:
2891:
2872:17th (Northern)
2862:15th (Scottish)
2850:
2831:11th (Northern)
2802:
2727:
2704:
2668:
2622:
2605:
2534:
2470:
2401:51st (Highland)
2331:15th (Scottish)
2264:
2196:
2171:
2148:
2122:
2046:
1990:
1969:
1924:
1905:
1854:
1804:
1785:
1759:
1724:
1713:
1707:
1666:
1640:
1630:
1617:
1593:
1587:
1574:
1568:
1555:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1485:on 23 July 2015
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1441:Wayback Machine
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1397:Wayback Machine
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:on 7 July 2022.
1354:
1353:
1349:
1345:Fletcher, p. 39
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1201:
759:21st Army Group
667:Royal Artillery
601:
599:Order of battle
596:
595:
594:
591:
588:
579:
576:
567:
560:
551:
544:
535:
532:
523:
520:
511:
508:
499:
496:
487:
484:
475:
472:
463:
460:
451:
448:
437:
436:
333:
264:Sir Alan Brooke
222:
214:Rhine crossings
210:21st Army Group
160:
146:
72:
70:
54:
52:
36:
12:
11:
5:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:52nd (Lowland)
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:19th (Western)
2879:
2877:18th (Eastern)
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2841:13th (Western)
2838:
2836:12th (Eastern)
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:9th (Scottish)
2817:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2644:11th (African)
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:Northumberland
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2475:Anti-Invasion
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:52nd (Lowland)
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:12th (Eastern)
2323:
2321:9th (Highland)
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1638:External links
1636:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1615:
1600:
1591:
1585:
1572:
1566:
1553:
1546:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1511:on 5 June 2016
1496:
1470:
1444:
1426:
1400:
1382:
1380:Joslen, p. 30.
1373:
1347:
1338:
1316:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1246:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1005:
999:
987:
986:
980:
974:
962:
961:
955:
949:
932:
931:
926:
921:
882:
881:
880:September 1944
877:
876:
871:
866:
850:
849:
848:
847:
841:
835:
829:
820:
819:
818:
815:
812:
809:
800:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
780:
755:
754:
750:
749:
743:
737:
724:
723:
718:
713:
701:
700:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
673:on 1 May 1943
663:
662:
656:
650:
633:
632:
627:
621:
606:
605:
604:14 August 1942
600:
597:
593:
592:
589:
582:
580:
577:
570:
568:
561:
554:
552:
545:
538:
536:
533:
526:
524:
521:
514:
512:
509:
502:
500:
497:
490:
488:
485:
478:
476:
473:
466:
464:
461:
454:
452:
449:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
432:
431:
430:
423:
409:
401:
392:The "Buffalo"
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
365:The Churchill
363:
348:
332:
329:
221:
218:
188:Major-General
158:
155:
154:
150:Major-General
148:
142:
141:
137:
136:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
68:
64:
63:
61:United Kingdom
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
31:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3637:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3474:Crimean War (
3471:
3467:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:43rd (Wessex)
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:36th (Ulster)
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Royal Marines
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:2nd (African)
2637:
2635:
2634:1st (African)
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:Anti-Aircraft
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:56th (London)
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:47th (London)
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:43rd (Wessex)
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:43rd (Wessex)
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2042:56th (London)
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1986:16th Airborne
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1629:0-304-36712-5
1625:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1612:1-843424-74-6
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1586:0-330-39012-0
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1548:Fletcher, D.
1547:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:22nd Dragoons
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
992:
991:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
967:
966:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:
942:
940:
936:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:22nd Dragoons
917:
916:
915:
913:
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:Channel ports
887:
879:
878:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:22nd Dragoons
862:
861:
860:
858:
854:
846:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:
824:
821:
816:
813:
810:
807:
806:
804:
801:
796:
793:
790:
787:
786:
784:
781:
778:
777:
776:
774:
770:
766:
764:
760:
752:
751:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
730:
728:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
711:22nd Dragoons
709:
708:
707:
705:
698:
697:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
672:
668:
661:
657:
655:
651:
649:
645:
644:
643:
641:
637:
631:
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
613:
609:
603:
602:
598:
586:
581:
574:
569:
565:
558:
553:
549:
542:
537:
530:
525:
518:
513:
506:
501:
494:
489:
482:
477:
470:
465:
458:
453:
446:
441:
428:
424:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
375:spigot mortar
372:
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
337:
336:
330:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:Roer Triangle
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
283:
278:
276:
273:
272:Major-General
269:
265:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
235:
231:
226:
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
159:Military unit
153:
149:
143:
138:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
69:
65:
62:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
24:
19:
16:
3087:53rd (Welsh)
2995:38th (Welsh)
2978:5th New Army
2937:4th New Army
2896:3rd New Army
2887:20th (Light)
2867:16th (Irish)
2855:2nd New Army
2846:14th (Light)
2826:10th (Irish)
2814:1st New Army
2736:Regular Army
2510:Lincolnshire
2411:53rd (Welsh)
2351:38th (Welsh)
2259:
2192:6th Airborne
2187:1st Airborne
2118:53rd (Welsh)
1981:6th Airborne
1859:Combat units
1764:Combat units
1711:British Army
1671:
1619:
1603:
1595:
1576:
1557:
1549:
1534:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:the original
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1447:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:the original
1403:
1385:
1376:
1367:the original
1359:
1350:
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1240:
1183:
1151:
1105:
1084:Sherman Crab
1078:
1042:
1035:
1016:
988:
963:
933:
912:Sherman Crab
906:
883:
857:Sherman Crab
851:
844:
767:
756:
725:
702:
664:
634:
610:
607:
352:Sherman Crab
334:
325:
290:
286:
279:
275:Percy Hobart
254:
239:
190:Percy Hobart
187:
175:British Army
163:
161:
79:British Army
15:
3289:(later 3rd)
2680:1st Cavalry
2525:West Sussex
1136:(Crocodile)
1130:(Crocodile)
1124:(Crocodile)
763:Second Army
420:searchlight
319:crossings (
103:Engagements
3604:Categories
2695:Y Division
2654:12th (SDF)
2114:(Scottish)
1567:011290422X
1528:References
1515:3 February
1191:– Sherman
1148:(Kangaroo)
1142:(Kangaroo)
1024:– Sherman
900:, and the
892:, such as
417:carbon-arc
356:mine flail
147:commanders
140:Commanders
2610:Deception
2530:Yorkshire
2505:Hampshire
408:landings.
331:Equipment
303:estuary (
3513:Highland
3400:Colonial
3338:Infantry
3298:Yeomanry
3111:2nd Line
3030:1st Line
2807:New Army
2269:Infantry
2202:Armoured
2180:Airborne
2051:Infantry
1995:Armoured
1974:Airborne
1965:Scottish
1923:Cold War
1845:Scottish
1577:Overlord
1560:. HMSO.
1489:30 March
1463:30 March
1437:Archived
1419:30 March
1393:Archived
1199:See also
1193:DD tanks
1026:DD tanks
898:Le Havre
564:Kangaroo
546:Buffalo
405:Kangaroo
362:in 1942.
347:in 1944.
171:division
168:armoured
97:Division
3508:Cavalry
3425:Mounted
3416:Cavalry
3409:Cavalry
3270:Mounted
3244:Cavalry
3237:Cavalry
2627:African
2515:Norfolk
1960:Queen's
1840:Queen's
1750:Queen's
1361:YouTube
658:2nd Bn
652:1st Bn
646:2nd Bn
315:), the
301:Scheldt
261:General
220:History
173:of the
145:Notable
49:Country
2743:Guards
2490:Dorset
2276:Guards
2210:Guards
1945:King's
1940:Guards
1825:King's
1820:Guards
1723:Active
1626:
1610:
1583:
1564:
1541:
1331:23 May
1309:23 May
1266:23 May
354:was a
266:, the
76:
67:Branch
58:
41:Active
3585:Light
3518:Light
3287:2/2nd
3196:Other
2673:Other
2500:Essex
2127:Other
1950:Light
1830:Light
1755:Light
1745:Union
1232:Notes
1157:LVT 4
317:Rhine
282:185th
33:Badge
3538:list
3476:list
3395:11th
3390:10th
3326:list
3228:75th
3218:73rd
3213:72nd
3208:71st
3010:41st
3005:40th
3000:39th
2990:37th
2969:35th
2964:34th
2959:33rd
2954:32nd
2949:31st
2944:30th
2928:26th
2923:25th
2918:24th
2913:23rd
2908:22nd
2903:21st
2798:29th
2793:28th
2788:27th
2724:list
2616:See
2601:12th
2596:11th
2591:10th
2466:80th
2461:78th
2456:77th
2451:76th
2446:70th
2441:66th
2436:61st
2376:46th
2371:45th
2346:36th
2336:18th
2260:79th
2255:42nd
2250:11th
2245:10th
2168:list
2112:52nd
2108:51st
2083:40th
2078:13th
2032:11th
1624:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1562:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1517:2016
1491:2016
1465:2016
1421:2016
1333:2020
1311:2020
1268:2020
1069:R.E.
1063:R.E.
1057:R.E.
1048:AVRE
939:AVRE
937:RE (
840:, RE
834:, RE
773:AVRE
771:RE (
699:1943
425:The
411:The
403:The
350:The
339:The
162:The
93:Size
85:Type
3580:7th
3575:6th
3570:5th
3565:4th
3560:3rd
3555:2nd
3550:1st
3503:4th
3498:3rd
3493:2nd
3488:1st
3452:5th
3447:4th
3442:3rd
3437:2nd
3432:1st
3385:9th
3380:8th
3375:7th
3370:6th
3365:5th
3360:4th
3355:3rd
3350:2nd
3345:1st
3293:4th
3282:2nd
3277:1st
3261:3rd
3256:2nd
3251:1st
2783:8th
2778:7th
2773:6th
2768:5th
2763:4th
2758:3rd
2753:2nd
2748:1st
2586:9th
2581:8th
2576:7th
2571:6th
2566:5th
2561:4th
2556:3rd
2551:2nd
2546:1st
2316:8th
2311:7th
2306:6th
2301:5th
2296:4th
2291:3rd
2286:2nd
2281:1st
2240:9th
2235:8th
2230:7th
2225:6th
2220:2nd
2215:1st
2073:5th
2068:3rd
2063:2nd
2058:1st
2027:7th
2022:6th
2017:4th
2012:3rd
2007:2nd
2002:1st
1891:6th
1886:5th
1881:4th
1876:3rd
1871:2nd
896:at
825:RE
805:RE
785:RE
665:HQ
3606::
1670:.
1358:.
1294:^
1249:^
1159:)
1117:)
1113:,
1086:)
1050:)
1010:-
960:RE
954:RE
948:RE
941:)
914:)
904:.
859:)
775:)
748:RE
742:RE
736:RE
216:.
3540:)
3478:)
3328:)
2726:)
2170:)
2110:/
1702:e
1695:t
1688:v
1674:.
1632:.
1614:.
1589:.
1570:.
1545:.
1519:.
1493:.
1467:.
1423:.
1335:.
1313:.
1270:.
1155:(
1109:(
1082:(
1046:(
910:(
855:(
626:.
311:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
